Apologetics Bible

1Peter 2:1

Greek

Ἀποθέμενοι οὖν πᾶσαν κακίαν καὶ πάντα δόλον καὶ ⸀ὑποκρίσεις καὶ φθόνους καὶ πάσας καταλαλιάς,

Apothemenoi oyn pasan kakian kai panta dolon kai ypokriseis kai phthonoys kai pasas katalalias,

KJV: Wherefore laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings,

AKJV: Why laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, all evil speakings,

ASV: Putting away therefore all wickedness, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings,

YLT: Having put aside, then, all evil, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envyings, and all evil speakings,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:2

Greek

ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη τὸ λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα ἐπιποθήσατε, ἵνα ἐν αὐτῷ αὐξηθῆτε ⸂εἰς σωτηρίαν⸃,

os artigenneta brephe to logikon adolon gala epipothesate, ina en ayto ayxethete eis soterian,

KJV: As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby:

AKJV: As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that you may grow thereby:

ASV: as newborn babes, long for the spiritual milk which is without guile, that ye may grow thereby unto salvation;

YLT: as new-born babes the word's pure milk desire ye, that in it ye may grow,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:3

Greek

⸀εἰ ἐγεύσασθε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ κύριος.

ei egeysasthe oti chrestos o kyrios.

KJV: If so be ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious.

AKJV: If so be you have tasted that the Lord is gracious.

ASV: if ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious:

YLT: if so be ye did taste that the Lord is gracious,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If so be ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:4

Greek

Πρὸς ὃν προσερχόμενοι, λίθον ζῶντα, ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἀποδεδοκιμασμένον παρὰ δὲ θεῷ ἐκλεκτὸν ἔντιμον

Pros on proserchomenoi, lithon zonta, ypo anthropon men apodedokimasmenon para de theo eklekton entimon

KJV: To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious,

AKJV: To whom coming, as to a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious,

ASV: unto whom coming, a living stone, rejected indeed of men, but with God elect, precious,

YLT: to whom coming--a living stone--by men, indeed, having been disapproved of, but with God choice, precious,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:5

Greek

καὶ αὐτοὶ ὡς λίθοι ζῶντες οἰκοδομεῖσθε οἶκος πνευματικὸς ⸀εἰς ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον, ἀνενέγκαι πνευματικὰς θυσίας ⸀εὐπροσδέκτους θεῷ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ·

kai aytoi os lithoi zontes oikodomeisthe oikos pneymatikos eis ierateyma agion, anenegkai pneymatikas thysias eyprosdektoys theo dia Iesoy Christoy·

KJV: Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.

AKJV: You also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.

ASV: ye also, as living stones, are built up a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.

YLT: and ye yourselves, as living stones, are built up, a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.

Exposition: 1Peter 2:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:6

Greek

διότι περιέχει ⸀ἐν γραφῇ· Ἰδοὺ τίθημι ἐν Σιὼν λίθον ⸂ἀκρογωνιαῖον ἐκλεκτὸν⸃ ἔντιμον, καὶ ὁ πιστεύων ἐπʼ αὐτῷ οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῇ.

dioti periechei en graphe· Idoy tithemi en Sion lithon akrogoniaion eklekton entimon, kai o pisteyon ep ayto oy me kataischynthe.

KJV: Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded.

AKJV: Why also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believes on him shall not be confounded.

ASV: Because it is contained in scripture, Behold, I lay in Zion a chief corner stone, elect, precious:

YLT: Wherefore, also, it is contained in the Writing: `Lo, I lay in Zion a chief corner-stone, choice, precious, and he who is believing on him may not be put to shame;'

Exposition: 1Peter 2:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:7

Greek

ὑμῖν οὖν ἡ τιμὴ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν· ⸀ἀπιστοῦσιν δὲ ⸀λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας

ymin oyn e time tois pisteyoysin· apistoysin de lithos on apedokimasan oi oikodomoyntes oytos egenethe eis kephalen gonias

KJV: Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner,

AKJV: To you therefore which believe he is precious: but to them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner,

ASV: For you therefore that believe is the preciousness: but for such as disbelieve, The stone which the builders rejected,

YLT: to you, then, who are believing is the preciousness; and to the unbelieving, a stone that the builders disapproved of, this one did become for the head of a corner,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:8

Greek

καὶ λίθος προσκόμματος καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου· οἳ προσκόπτουσιν τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες· εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν.

kai lithos proskommatos kai petra skandaloy· oi proskoptoysin to logo apeithoyntes· eis o kai etethesan.

KJV: And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed.

AKJV: And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: to which also they were appointed.

ASV: and, A stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence;

YLT: and a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence--who are stumbling at the word, being unbelieving, --to which also they were set;

Exposition: 1Peter 2:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:9

Greek

Ὑμεῖς δὲ γένος ἐκλεκτόν, βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα, ἔθνος ἅγιον, λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν, ὅπως τὰς ἀρετὰς ἐξαγγείλητε τοῦ ἐκ σκότους ὑμᾶς καλέσαντος εἰς τὸ θαυμαστὸν αὐτοῦ φῶς·

Ymeis de genos eklekton, basileion ierateyma, ethnos agion, laos eis peripoiesin, opos tas aretas exaggeilete toy ek skotoys ymas kalesantos eis to thaymaston aytoy phos·

KJV: But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:

AKJV: But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that you should show forth the praises of him who has called you out of darkness into his marvelous light;

ASV: But ye are an elect race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, that ye may show forth the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:

YLT: and ye are a choice race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people acquired, that the excellences ye may shew forth of Him who out of darkness did call you to His wondrous light;

Exposition: 1Peter 2:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:10

Greek

οἵ ποτε οὐ λαὸς νῦν δὲ λαὸς θεοῦ, οἱ οὐκ ἠλεημένοι νῦν δὲ ἐλεηθέντες.

oi pote oy laos nyn de laos theoy, oi oyk eleemenoi nyn de eleethentes.

KJV: Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.

AKJV: Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.

ASV: who in time past were no people, but now are the people of God: who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.

YLT: who were once not a people, and are now the people of God; who had not found kindness, and now have found kindness.

Exposition: 1Peter 2:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:11

Greek

Ἀγαπητοί, παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους ἀπέχεσθαι τῶν σαρκικῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν, αἵτινες στρατεύονται κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς·

Agapetoi, parakalo os paroikoys kai parepidemoys apechesthai ton sarkikon epithymion, aitines strateyontai kata tes psyches·

KJV: Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;

AKJV: Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;

ASV: Beloved, I beseech you as sojourners and pilgrims, to abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;

YLT: Beloved, I call upon you , as strangers and sojourners, to keep from the fleshly desires, that war against the soul,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:12

Greek

τὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν ⸂ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἔχοντες καλήν⸃, ἵνα, ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν ὑμῶν ὡς κακοποιῶν, ἐκ τῶν καλῶν ἔργων ⸀ἐποπτεύοντες δοξάσωσι τὸν θεὸν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπισκοπῆς.

ten anastrophen ymon en tois ethnesin echontes kalen, ina, en o katalaloysin ymon os kakopoion, ek ton kalon ergon epopteyontes doxasosi ton theon en emera episkopes.

KJV: Having your conversation honest among the Gentiles: that, whereas they speak against you as evildoers, they may by your good works, which they shall behold, glorify God in the day of visitation.

AKJV: Having your conversation honest among the Gentiles: that, whereas they speak against you as evildoers, they may by your good works, which they shall behold, glorify God in the day of visitation.

ASV: having your behavior seemly among the Gentiles; that, wherein they speak against you as evil-doers, they may by your good works, which they behold, glorify God in the day of visitation.

YLT: having your behaviour among the nations right, that in that which they speak against you as evil-doers, of the good works having beheld, they may glorify God in a day of inspection.

Exposition: 1Peter 2:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Having your conversation honest among the Gentiles: that, whereas they speak against you as evildoers, they may by your good works, which they shall behold, glorify God in the day of visitation.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:13

Greek

⸀Ὑποτάγητε πάσῃ ἀνθρωπίνῃ κτίσει διὰ τὸν κύριον· εἴτε βασιλεῖ ὡς ὑπερέχοντι,

Ypotagete pase anthropine ktisei dia ton kyrion· eite basilei os yperechonti,

KJV: Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme;

AKJV: Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme;

ASV: Be subject to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether to the king, as supreme;

YLT: Be subject, then, to every human creation, because of the Lord, whether to a king, as the highest,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:14

Greek

εἴτε ἡγεμόσιν ὡς διʼ αὐτοῦ πεμπομένοις εἰς ἐκδίκησιν κακοποιῶν ἔπαινον δὲ ἀγαθοποιῶν

eite egemosin os di aytoy pempomenois eis ekdikesin kakopoion epainon de agathopoion

KJV: Or unto governors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well.

AKJV: Or to governors, as to them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well.

ASV: or unto governors, as sent by him for vengeance on evil-doers and for praise to them that do well.

YLT: whether to governors, as to those sent through him, for punishment, indeed, of evil-doers, and a praise of those doing good;

Exposition: 1Peter 2:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Or unto governors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:15

Greek

(ὅτι οὕτως ἐστὶν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀγαθοποιοῦντας φιμοῦν τὴν τῶν ἀφρόνων ἀνθρώπων ἀγνωσίαν)·

(oti oytos estin to thelema toy theoy, agathopoioyntas phimoyn ten ton aphronon anthropon agnosian)·

KJV: For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men:

AKJV: For so is the will of God, that with well doing you may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men:

ASV: For so is the will of God, that by well-doing ye should put to silence the ignorance of foolish men:

YLT: because, so is the will of God, doing good, to put to silence the ignorance of the foolish men;

Exposition: 1Peter 2:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:16

Greek

ὡς ἐλεύθεροι, καὶ μὴ ὡς ἐπικάλυμμα ἔχοντες τῆς κακίας τὴν ἐλευθερίαν, ἀλλʼ ὡς ⸂θεοῦ δοῦλοι⸃.

os eleytheroi, kai me os epikalymma echontes tes kakias ten eleytherian, all os theoy doyloi.

KJV: As free, and not using your liberty for a cloke of maliciousness, but as the servants of God.

AKJV: As free, and not using your liberty for a cloak of maliciousness, but as the servants of God.

ASV: as free, and not using your freedom for a cloak of wickedness, but as bondservants of God.

YLT: as free, and not having the freedom as the cloak of the evil, but as servants of God;

Exposition: 1Peter 2:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'As free, and not using your liberty for a cloke of maliciousness, but as the servants of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:17

Greek

πάντας τιμήσατε, τὴν ἀδελφότητα ⸀ἀγαπᾶτε, τὸν θεὸν φοβεῖσθε, τὸν βασιλέα τιμᾶτε.

pantas timesate, ten adelphoteta agapate, ton theon phobeisthe, ton basilea timate.

KJV: Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king.

AKJV: Honor all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king.

ASV: Honor all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king.

YLT: to all give ye honour; the brotherhood love ye; God fear ye; the king honour ye.

Exposition: 1Peter 2:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:18

Greek

Οἱ οἰκέται ὑποτασσόμενοι ἐν παντὶ φόβῳ τοῖς δεσπόταις, οὐ μόνον τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς καὶ ἐπιεικέσιν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς σκολιοῖς.

Oi oiketai ypotassomenoi en panti phobo tois despotais, oy monon tois agathois kai epieikesin alla kai tois skoliois.

KJV: Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.

AKJV: Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the fraudulent.

ASV: Servants, bein subjection to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.

YLT: The domestics! be subjecting yourselves in all fear to the masters, not only to the good and gentle, but also to the cross;

Exposition: 1Peter 2:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:19

Greek

τοῦτο γὰρ χάρις εἰ διὰ συνείδησιν θεοῦ ὑποφέρει τις λύπας πάσχων ἀδίκως·

toyto gar charis ei dia syneidesin theoy ypopherei tis lypas paschon adikos·

KJV: For this is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully.

AKJV: For this is thank worthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully.

ASV: For this is acceptable, if for conscience toward God a man endureth griefs, suffering wrongfully.

YLT: for this is gracious, if because of conscience toward God any one doth endure sorrows, suffering unrighteously;

Exposition: 1Peter 2:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For this is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:20

Greek

ποῖον γὰρ κλέος εἰ ἁμαρτάνοντες καὶ κολαφιζόμενοι ὑπομενεῖτε; ἀλλʼ εἰ ἀγαθοποιοῦντες καὶ πάσχοντες ὑπομενεῖτε, τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ.

poion gar kleos ei amartanontes kai kolaphizomenoi ypomeneite; all ei agathopoioyntes kai paschontes ypomeneite, toyto charis para theo.

KJV: For what glory is it, if, when ye be buffeted for your faults, ye shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, ye take it patiently, this is acceptable with God.

AKJV: For what glory is it, if, when you be buffeted for your faults, you shall take it patiently? but if, when you do well, and suffer for it, you take it patiently, this is acceptable with God.

ASV: For what glory is it, if, when ye sin, and are buffeted for it, ye shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, ye shall take it patiently, this is acceptable with God.

YLT: for what renown is it , if sinning and being buffeted, ye do endure it ? but if, doing good and suffering for it , ye do endure, this is gracious with God,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For what glory is it, if, when ye be buffeted for your faults, ye shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, ye take it patiently, this is acceptable with God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:21

Greek

εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐκλήθητε, ὅτι καὶ Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ ⸀ὑμῶν, ὑμῖν ὑπολιμπάνων ὑπογραμμὸν ἵνα ἐπακολουθήσητε τοῖς ἴχνεσιν αὐτοῦ·

eis toyto gar eklethete, oti kai Christos epathen yper ymon, ymin ypolimpanon ypogrammon ina epakoloythesete tois ichnesin aytoy·

KJV: For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps:

AKJV: For even hereunto were you called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that you should follow his steps:

ASV: For hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, that ye should follow his steps:

YLT: for to this ye were called, because Christ also did suffer for you, leaving to you an example, that ye may follow his steps,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:22

Greek

ὃς ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν οὐδὲ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ·

os amartian oyk epoiesen oyde eyrethe dolos en to stomati aytoy·

KJV: Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth:

AKJV: Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth:

ASV: who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth:

YLT: who did not commit sin, nor was guile found in his mouth,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:23

Greek

ὃς λοιδορούμενος οὐκ ἀντελοιδόρει, πάσχων οὐκ ἠπείλει, παρεδίδου δὲ τῷ κρίνοντι δικαίως·

os loidoroymenos oyk anteloidorei, paschon oyk epeilei, paredidoy de to krinonti dikaios·

KJV: Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously:

AKJV: Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judges righteously:

ASV: who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously:

YLT: who being reviled--was not reviling again, suffering--was not threatening, and was committing himself to Him who is judging righteously,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:24

Greek

ὃς τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον, ἵνα ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἀπογενόμενοι τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ ζήσωμεν· οὗ τῷ ⸀μώλωπι ἰάθητε.

os tas amartias emon aytos anenegken en to somati aytoy epi to xylon, ina tais amartiais apogenomenoi te dikaiosyne zesomen· oy to molopi iathete.

KJV: Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed.

AKJV: Who his own self bore our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live to righteousness: by whose stripes you were healed.

ASV: who his own self bare our sins in his body upon the tree, that we, having died unto sins, might live unto righteousness; by whose stripes ye were healed.

YLT: who our sins himself did bear in his body, upon the tree, that to the sins having died, to the righteousness we may live; by whose stripes ye were healed,

Exposition: 1Peter 2:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

1Peter 2:25

Greek

ἦτε γὰρ ὡς πρόβατα ⸀πλανώμενοι, ἀλλὰ ἐπεστράφητε νῦν ἐπὶ τὸν ποιμένα καὶ ἐπίσκοπον τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν.

ete gar os probata planomenoi, alla epestraphete nyn epi ton poimena kai episkopon ton psychon ymon.

KJV: For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.

AKJV: For you were as sheep going astray; but are now returned to the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.

ASV: For ye were going astray like sheep; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.

YLT: for ye were as sheep going astray, but ye turned back now to the shepherd and overseer of your souls.

Exposition: 1Peter 2:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.