Apologetics Bible

2Timothy 3:1

Greek

Τοῦτο δὲ γίνωσκε ὅτι ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί·

Toyto de ginoske oti en eschatais emerais enstesontai kairoi chalepoi·

KJV: This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come.

AKJV: This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come.

ASV: But know this, that in the last days grievous times shall come.

YLT: And this know thou, that in the last days there shall come perilous times,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:2

Greek

ἔσονται γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες, ὑπερήφανοι, βλάσφημοι, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς, ἀχάριστοι, ἀνόσιοι,

esontai gar oi anthropoi philaytoi, philargyroi, alazones, yperephanoi, blasphemoi, goneysin apeitheis, acharistoi, anosioi,

KJV: For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,

AKJV: For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,

ASV: For men shall be lovers of self, lovers of money, boastful, haughty, railers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,

YLT: for men shall be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boasters, proud, evil-speakers, to parents disobedient, unthankful, unkind,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:3

Greek

ἄστοργοι, ἄσπονδοι, διάβολοι, ἀκρατεῖς, ἀνήμεροι, ἀφιλάγαθοι,

astorgoi, aspondoi, diaboloi, akrateis, anemeroi, aphilagathoi,

KJV: Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good,

AKJV: Without natural affection, truce breakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good,

ASV: without natural affection, implacable, slanderers, without self-control, fierce, no lovers of good,

YLT: without natural affection, implacable, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, not lovers of those who are good,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:4

Greek

προδόται, προπετεῖς, τετυφωμένοι, φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι,

prodotai, propeteis, tetyphomenoi, philedonoi mallon e philotheoi,

KJV: Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God;

AKJV: Traitors, heady, high minded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God;

ASV: traitors, headstrong, puffed up, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God;

YLT: traitors, heady, lofty, lovers of pleasure more than lovers of God,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:5

Greek

ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι· καὶ τούτους ἀποτρέπου.

echontes morphosin eysebeias ten de dynamin aytes ernemenoi· kai toytoys apotrepoy.

KJV: Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away.

AKJV: Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away.

ASV: holding a form of godliness, but having denied the power thereof: from these also turn away.

YLT: having a form of piety, and its power having denied; and from these be turning away,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:6

Greek

ἐκ τούτων γάρ εἰσιν οἱ ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας καὶ ⸀αἰχμαλωτίζοντες γυναικάρια σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις, ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις,

ek toyton gar eisin oi endynontes eis tas oikias kai aichmalotizontes gynaikaria sesoreymena amartiais, agomena epithymiais poikilais,

KJV: For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts,

AKJV: For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts,

ASV: For of these are they that creep into houses, and take captive silly women laden with sins, led away by divers lusts,

YLT: for of these there are those coming into the houses and leading captive the silly women, laden with sins, led away with desires manifold,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:7

Greek

πάντοτε μανθάνοντα καὶ μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενα.

pantote manthanonta kai medepote eis epignosin aletheias elthein dynamena.

KJV: Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.

AKJV: Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.

ASV: ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.

YLT: always learning, and never to a knowledge of truth able to come,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:8

Greek

ὃν τρόπον δὲ Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς ἀντέστησαν Μωϋσεῖ, οὕτως καὶ οὗτοι ἀνθίστανται τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν, ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν.

on tropon de Iannes kai Iambres antestesan Moysei, oytos kai oytoi anthistantai te aletheia, anthropoi katephtharmenoi ton noyn, adokimoi peri ten pistin.

KJV: Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith.

AKJV: Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith.

ASV: And even as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also withstand the truth; men corrupted in mind, reprobate concerning the faith.

YLT: and, even as Jannes and Jambres stood against Moses, so also these do stand against the truth, men corrupted in mind, disapproved concerning the faith;

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:9

Greek

ἀλλʼ οὐ προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον, ἡ γὰρ ἄνοια αὐτῶν ἔκδηλος ἔσται πᾶσιν, ὡς καὶ ἡ ἐκείνων ἐγένετο.

all oy prokopsoysin epi pleion, e gar anoia ayton ekdelos estai pasin, os kai e ekeinon egeneto.

KJV: But they shall proceed no further: for their folly shall be manifest unto all men, as theirs also was.

AKJV: But they shall proceed no further: for their folly shall be manifest to all men, as theirs also was.

ASV: But they shall proceed no further: for their folly shall be evident unto all men, as theirs also came to be.

YLT: but they shall not advance any further, for their folly shall be manifest to all, as theirs also did become.

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But they shall proceed no further: for their folly shall be manifest unto all men, as theirs also was.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:10

Greek

Σὺ δὲ ⸀παρηκολούθησάς μου τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, τῇ ἀγωγῇ, τῇ προθέσει, τῇ πίστει, τῇ μακροθυμίᾳ, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ,

Sy de parekoloythesas moy te didaskalia, te agoge, te prothesei, te pistei, te makrothymia, te agape, te ypomone,

KJV: But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, charity, patience,

AKJV: But you have fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, long-suffering, charity, patience,

ASV: But thou didst follow my teaching, conduct, purpose, faith, longsuffering, love, patience,

YLT: And thou--thou hast followed after my teaching, manner of life, purpose, faith, long-suffering, love, endurance,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, charity, patience,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:11

Greek

τοῖς διωγμοῖς, τοῖς παθήμασιν, οἷά μοι ἐγένετο ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ, ἐν Ἰκονίῳ, ἐν Λύστροις, οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα· καὶ ἐκ πάντων με ἐρρύσατο ὁ κύριος.

tois diogmois, tois pathemasin, oia moi egeneto en Antiocheia, en Ikonio, en Lystrois, oioys diogmoys ypenegka· kai ek panton me errysato o kyrios.

KJV: Persecutions, afflictions, which came unto me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered me.

AKJV: Persecutions, afflictions, which came to me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered me.

ASV: persecutions, sufferings; what things befell me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what persecutions I endured: and out of them all the Lord delivered me.

YLT: the persecutions, the afflictions, that befell me in Antioch, in Iconium, in Lystra; what persecutions I endured, and out of all the Lord did deliver me,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Persecutions, afflictions, which came unto me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:12

Greek

καὶ πάντες δὲ οἱ θέλοντες ⸂ζῆν εὐσεβῶς⸃ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διωχθήσονται·

kai pantes de oi thelontes zen eysebos en Christo Iesoy diochthesontai·

KJV: Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.

AKJV: Yes, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.

ASV: Yea, and all that would live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.

YLT: and all also who will to live piously in Christ Jesus shall be persecuted,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:13

Greek

πονηροὶ δὲ ἄνθρωποι καὶ γόητες προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον, πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι.

poneroi de anthropoi kai goetes prokopsoysin epi to cheiron, planontes kai planomenoi.

KJV: But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived.

AKJV: But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived.

ASV: But evil men and impostors shall wax worse and worse, deceiving and being deceived.

YLT: and evil men and impostors shall advance to the worse, leading astray and being led astray.

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:14

Greek

σὺ δὲ μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες καὶ ἐπιστώθης, εἰδὼς παρὰ ⸀τίνων ἔμαθες,

sy de mene en ois emathes kai epistothes, eidos para tinon emathes,

KJV: But continue thou in the things which thou hast learned and hast been assured of, knowing of whom thou hast learned them;

AKJV: But continue you in the things which you have learned and have been assured of, knowing of whom you have learned them;

ASV: But abide thou in the things which thou hast learned and hast been assured of, knowing of whom thou hast learned them;

YLT: And thou--be remaining in the things which thou didst learn and wast entrusted with, having known from whom thou didst learn,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But continue thou in the things which thou hast learned and hast been assured of, knowing of whom thou hast learned them;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:15

Greek

καὶ ὅτι ἀπὸ βρέφους ⸀ἱερὰ γράμματα οἶδας, τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ·

kai oti apo brephoys iera grammata oidas, ta dynamena se sophisai eis soterian dia pisteos tes en Christo Iesoy·

KJV: And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.

AKJV: And that from a child you have known the holy scriptures, which are able to make you wise to salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.

ASV: and that from a babe thou hast known the sacred writings which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.

YLT: and because from a babe the Holy Writings thou hast known, which are able to make thee wise--to salvation, through faith that is in Christ Jesus;

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:16

Greek

πᾶσα γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ ὠφέλιμος πρὸς διδασκαλίαν, πρὸς ⸀ἐλεγμόν, πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν, πρὸς παιδείαν τὴν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ,

pasa graphe theopneystos kai ophelimos pros didaskalian, pros elegmon, pros epanorthosin, pros paideian ten en dikaiosyne,

KJV: All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:

AKJV: All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:

ASV: Every scripture inspired of God is also profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for instruction which is in righteousness:

YLT: every Writing is God-breathed, and profitable for teaching, for conviction, for setting aright, for instruction that is in righteousness,

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

2Timothy 3:17

Greek

ἵνα ἄρτιος ᾖ ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος, πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐξηρτισμένος.

ina artios e o toy theoy anthropos, pros pan ergon agathon exertismenos.

KJV: That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.

AKJV: That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished to all good works.

ASV: that the man of God may be complete, furnished completely unto every good work.

YLT: that the man of God may be fitted--for every good work having been completed.

Exposition: 2Timothy 3:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.