Apologetics Bible
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Acts (c. AD 62) is the pivot-document of redemptive history: the Spirit-empowered proclamation of the risen Christ from Jerusalem to Rome. As the second volume of Luke's work, it provides the historical framework for all the NT epistles.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Acts_12
- Primary Witness Text: Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.) And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people. Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him. And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and the keepers before the door kept the prison. And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands. And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals. And so he did. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. And he went out, and followed him; and wist not that it was true which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision. When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him. And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Acts_12
- Chapter Blob Preview: Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.) And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to ke...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Acts (c. AD 62) is the pivot-document of redemptive history: the Spirit-empowered proclamation of the risen Christ from Jerusalem to Rome. As the second volume of Luke's work, it provides the historical framework for all the NT epistles.
Luke's accuracy in Acts receives substantial archaeological confirmation via the work of William Ramsay, who set out to disprove Acts and was converted by its precision — titles, place names, sea routes, civic procedures — all matching 1st-century realia. Paul's missionary journeys are among the most historically verifiable movements in ancient biography.
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Acts 12:1
Greek
Κατʼ ἐκεῖνον δὲ τὸν καιρὸν ἐπέβαλεν Ἡρῴδης ὁ βασιλεὺς τὰς χεῖρας κακῶσαί τινας τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας.Kat ekeinon de ton kairon epebalen Erodes o basileys tas cheiras kakosai tinas ton apo tes ekklesias.
KJV: Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church.
AKJV: Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church.
ASV: Now about that time Herod the king put forth his hands to afflict certain of the church.
YLT: And about that time, Herod the king put forth his hands, to do evil to certain of those of the assembly,
Exposition: Acts 12:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:2
Greek
ἀνεῖλεν δὲ Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰωάννου μαχαίρῃ.aneilen de Iakobon ton adelphon Ioannoy machaire.
KJV: And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
AKJV: And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
ASV: And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
YLT: and he killed James, the brother of John, with the sword,
Commentary WitnessActs 12:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:2
Verse 2 He killed James the brother of John with the sword - This was James the greater, son of Zebedee, and must be distinguished from James the less, son of Alpheus. This latter was put to death by Ananias the high priest, during the reign of Nero. This James with his brother John were those who requested to sit on the right and left hand of our Lord, see Mat 20:23; and our Lord's prediction was now fulfilled in one of them, who by his martyrdom drank of our Lord's cup, and was baptized with his baptism. By the death of James, the number of the apostles was reduced to eleven; and we do not find that ever it was filled up. The apostles never had any successors: God has continued their doctrine, but not their order. By killing with the sword we are to understand beheading. Among the Jews there were four kinds of deaths: 1. Stoning; 2. burning; 3. killing with the sword, or beheading; and, 4. strangling. The third was a Roman as well as a Jewish mode of punishment. Killing with the sword was the punishment which, according to the Talmud, was inflicted on those who drew away the people to any strange worship, Sanhedr. fol. iii. James was probably accused of this, and hence the punishment mentioned in the text.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Mat 20:23
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Zebedee
- Alpheus
- Nero
- Lord
- James
- Stoning
- Talmud
- Sanhedr
Exposition: Acts 12:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:3
Greek
⸂ἰδὼν δὲ⸃ ὅτι ἀρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις προσέθετο συλλαβεῖν καὶ Πέτρον (ἦσαν ⸀δὲ ἡμέραι τῶν ἀζύμων),idon de oti areston estin tois Ioydaiois prosetheto syllabein kai Petron (esan de emerai ton azymon),
KJV: And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.)
AKJV: And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.)
ASV: And when he saw that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to seize Peter also. And those were the days of unleavened bread.
YLT: and having seen that it is pleasing to the Jews, he added to lay hold of Peter also--and they were the days of the unleavened food--
Commentary WitnessActs 12:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:3
Verse 3 He proceeded - to take Peter also - He supposed that these two were pillars on which the infant cause rested; and that, if these were removed, the building must necessarily come down. The days of unleavened bread - About the latter end of March or beginning of April; but whether in the third or fourth year of the Emperor Claudius, or earlier or later, cannot be determined.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- April
- Emperor Claudius
Exposition: Acts 12:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:4
Greek
ὃν καὶ πιάσας ἔθετο εἰς φυλακήν, παραδοὺς τέσσαρσιν τετραδίοις στρατιωτῶν φυλάσσειν αὐτόν, βουλόμενος μετὰ τὸ πάσχα ἀναγαγεῖν αὐτὸν τῷ λαῷ.on kai piasas etheto eis phylaken, paradoys tessarsin tetradiois stratioton phylassein ayton, boylomenos meta to pascha anagagein ayton to lao.
KJV: And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people.
AKJV: And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four squads of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people.
ASV: And when he had taken him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to guard him; intending after the Passover to bring him forth to the people.
YLT: whom also having seized, he did put in prison, having delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to guard him, intending after the passover to bring him forth to the people.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 12:4Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Acts 12:4
Acts 12:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Acts 12:4
Exposition: Acts 12:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:5
Greek
ὁ μὲν οὖν Πέτρος ἐτηρεῖτο ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ· προσευχὴ δὲ ἦν ⸀ἐκτενῶς γινομένη ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ⸀περὶ αὐτοῦ.o men oyn Petros etereito en te phylake· proseyche de en ektenos ginomene ypo tes ekklesias pros ton theon peri aytoy.
KJV: Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him.
AKJV: Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church to God for him.
ASV: Peter therefore was kept in the prison: but prayer was made earnestly of the church unto God for him.
YLT: Peter, therefore, indeed, was kept in the prison, and fervent prayer was being made by the assembly unto God for him,
Commentary WitnessActs 12:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:5
Verse 5 Prayer was made without ceasing - The Greek word εκτενης signifies both fervor and earnestness, as well as perseverance. These prayers of the Church produced that miraculous interference mentioned below, and without which Peter could not have thus escaped from the hands of this ruthless king.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
Exposition: Acts 12:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:6
Greek
Ὅτε δὲ ἤμελλεν ⸂προαγαγεῖν αὐτὸν⸃ ὁ Ἡρῴδης, τῇ νυκτὶ ἐκείνῃ ἦν ὁ Πέτρος κοιμώμενος μεταξὺ δύο στρατιωτῶν δεδεμένος ἁλύσεσιν δυσίν, φύλακές τε πρὸ τῆς θύρας ἐτήρουν τὴν φυλακήν.Ote de emellen proagagein ayton o Erodes, te nykti ekeine en o Petros koimomenos metaxy dyo stratioton dedemenos alysesin dysin, phylakes te pro tes thyras eteroyn ten phylaken.
KJV: And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and the keepers before the door kept the prison.
AKJV: And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and the keepers before the door kept the prison.
ASV: And when Herod was about to bring him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and guards before the door kept the prison.
YLT: and when Herod was about to bring him forth, the same night was Peter sleeping between two soldiers, having been bound with two chains, guards also before the door were keeping the prison,
Commentary WitnessActs 12:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:6
Verse 6 Sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains - Two soldiers guarded his person; his right hand being bound to the left hand of one, and his left hand bound to the right hand of the other. This was the Roman method of guarding their prisoners, and appears to be what is intimated in the text.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Acts 12:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and the keepers before the door kept the prison.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:7
Greek
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐπέστη, καὶ φῶς ἔλαμψεν ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι· πατάξας δὲ τὴν πλευρὰν τοῦ Πέτρου ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν λέγων· Ἀνάστα ἐν τάχει· καὶ ἐξέπεσαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἁλύσεις ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν.kai idoy aggelos kyrioy epeste, kai phos elampsen en to oikemati· pataxas de ten pleyran toy Petroy egeiren ayton legon· Anasta en tachei· kai exepesan aytoy ai alyseis ek ton cheiron.
KJV: And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands.
AKJV: And, behold, the angel of the Lord came on him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands.
ASV: And behold, an angel of the Lord stood by him, and a light shined in the cell: and he smote Peter on the side, and awoke him, saying, Rise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands.
YLT: and lo, a messenger of the Lord stood by, and a light shone in the buildings, and having smitten Peter on the side, he raised him up, saying, `Rise in haste,' and his chains fell from off his hands.
Commentary WitnessActs 12:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:7
Verse 7 Smote Peter on the side - He struck him in such a way as was just sufficient to awake him from his sleep. His chains fell off from his hands - The chains mentioned above, by which he was bound to the two soldiers.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Acts 12:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:8
Greek
εἶπεν ⸀δὲ ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς αὐτόν· ⸀Ζῶσαι καὶ ὑπόδησαι τὰ σανδάλιά σου· ἐποίησεν δὲ οὕτως. καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Περιβαλοῦ τὸ ἱμάτιόν σου καὶ ἀκολούθει μοι.eipen de o aggelos pros ayton· Zosai kai ypodesai ta sandalia soy· epoiesen de oytos. kai legei ayto· Peribaloy to imation soy kai akoloythei moi.
KJV: And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals. And so he did. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me.
AKJV: And the angel said to him, Gird yourself, and bind on your sandals. And so he did. And he says to him, Cast your garment about you, and follow me.
ASV: And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals. And he did so. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me.
YLT: The messenger also said to him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals;' and he did so; and he saith to him, Put thy garment round and be following me;'
Commentary WitnessActs 12:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:8
Verse 8 Gird thyself - It seems Peter had put off the principal part of his clothes, that he might sleep with more comfort. His resuming all that he had thrown off was a proof that every thing had been done leisurely. There was no evidence of any hurry; nor of any design to elude justice, or even to avoid meeting his accusers in any legal way. It appears that the two soldiers were overwhelmed by a deep sleep, which fell upon them from God.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Acts 12:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals. And so he did. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:9
Greek
καὶ ἐξελθὼν ⸀ἠκολούθει, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδει ὅτι ἀληθές ἐστιν τὸ γινόμενον διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου, ἐδόκει δὲ ὅραμα βλέπειν.kai exelthon ekoloythei, kai oyk edei oti alethes estin to ginomenon dia toy aggeloy, edokei de orama blepein.
KJV: And he went out, and followed him; and wist not that it was true which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision.
AKJV: And he went out, and followed him; and knew not that it was true which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision.
ASV: And he went out, and followed; and he knew not that it was true which was done by the angel, but thought he saw a vision.
YLT: and having gone forth, he was following him, and he knew not that it is true that which is done through the messenger, and was thinking he saw a vision,
Commentary WitnessActs 12:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:9
Verse 9 He - wist not - He knew not; from the Anglo-Saxon, to know. He supposed himself to be in a dream.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Saxon
Exposition: Acts 12:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he went out, and followed him; and wist not that it was true which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:10
Greek
διελθόντες δὲ πρώτην φυλακὴν καὶ δευτέραν ἦλθαν ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν τὴν φέρουσαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν, ἥτις αὐτομάτη ἠνοίγη αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐξελθόντες προῆλθον ῥύμην μίαν, καὶ εὐθέως ἀπέστη ὁ ἄγγελος ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.dielthontes de proten phylaken kai deyteran elthan epi ten pylen ten sideran ten pheroysan eis ten polin, etis aytomate enoige aytois, kai exelthontes proelthon rymen mian, kai eytheos apeste o aggelos ap aytoy.
KJV: When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him.
AKJV: When they were past the first and the second ward, they came to the iron gate that leads to the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and immediately the angel departed from him.
ASV: And when they were past the first and the second guard, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth into the city; which opened to them of its own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and straightway the angel departed from him.
YLT: and having passed through a first ward, and a second, they came unto the iron gate that is leading to the city, which of its own accord did open to them, and having gone forth, they went on through one street, and immediately the messenger departed from him.
Commentary WitnessActs 12:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:10
Verse 10 The first and - second ward - It is supposed that ancient Jerusalem was surrounded by three walls: if so, then passing through the gates of these three walls successively is possibly what is meant by the expression in the text. The prison in which he was confined might have been that which was at the outer wall. Iron gate - This was in the innermost wall of the three, and was strongly plated over with iron, for the greater security. In the east, the gates are often thus secured to the present day. Pitts says so of the gates of Algiers; and Pocock, of some near Antioch. Perhaps this is all that is meant by the iron gate. One of the quaternions of soldiers was placed at each gate. Which opened - of his own accord - Influenced by the unseen power of the angel. The angel departed from him - Having brought him into a place in which he no longer needed his assistance. What is proper to God he always does: what is proper to man he requires him to perform.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Algiers
- Pocock
- Antioch
Exposition: Acts 12:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith th...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:11
Greek
καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ⸂ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος⸃ εἶπεν· Νῦν οἶδα ἀληθῶς ὅτι ἐξαπέστειλεν ⸀ὁ κύριος τὸν ἄγγελον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξείλατό με ἐκ χειρὸς Ἡρῴδου καὶ πάσης τῆς προσδοκίας τοῦ λαοῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων.kai o Petros en eayto genomenos eipen· Nyn oida alethos oti exapesteilen o kyrios ton aggelon aytoy kai exeilato me ek cheiros Erodoy kai pases tes prosdokias toy laoy ton Ioydaion.
KJV: And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a surety, that the Lord hath sent his angel, and hath delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews.
AKJV: And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a surety, that the LORD has sent his angel, and has delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews.
ASV: And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a truth, that the Lord hath sent forth his angel and delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews.
YLT: And Peter having come to himself, said, `Now I have known of a truth that the Lord did sent forth His messenger, and did deliver me out of the hand of Herod, and all the expectation of the people of the Jews;'
Commentary WitnessActs 12:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:11
Verse 11 When Peter was come to himself - Every thing he saw astonished him; he could scarcely credit his eyes; he was in a sort of ecstasy; and it was only when the angel left him that he was fully convinced that all was real. Now I know - that the Lord hath sent his angel - The poor German divine is worthy of pity, who endeavored to persuade himself and his countrymen that all this talk about the angel was mere illusion; that Peter was delivered in a way which he could not comprehend, and therefore was led to attribute to a particular providence of God what probably was done by the prefect of the prison, who favored him! But it is the study of this writer to banish from the word of God all supernatural influence; and to reduce even the miracles of Christ to simple operations of nature, or to the workings of imagination and the prejudices of a weak and credulous people. Such men should at once cast off the mask which so thinly covers their infidelity, and honestly avow themselves to be, what they are, the enemies of revelation in general, and of the Christian religion in particular. Peter could say, Now I know of a certainty that the Lord hath sent his angel, and delivered me, etc. No such thing, says Mr. E., Peter was deceived; it was not the Lord, it was the prefect or some other person. Now we know that Peter spoke by the Holy Ghost; but we have no much testimony of Mr. E. nor of any of his associates. And all the expectation of the - Jews - It seems they had built much on the prospect of having him sacrificed, as they already had James.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Mr
- Lord
- Holy Ghost
- James
Exposition: Acts 12:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a surety, that the Lord hath sent his angel, and hath delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:12
Greek
Συνιδών τε ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν ⸀τῆς Μαρίας τῆς μητρὸς Ἰωάννου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Μάρκου, οὗ ἦσαν ἱκανοὶ συνηθροισμένοι καὶ προσευχόμενοι.Synidon te elthen epi ten oikian tes Marias tes metros Ioannoy toy epikaloymenoy Markoy, oy esan ikanoi synethroismenoi kai proseychomenoi.
KJV: And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying.
AKJV: And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying.
ASV: And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together and were praying.
YLT: also, having considered, he came unto the house of Mary, the mother of John, who is surnamed Mark, where there were many thronged together and praying.
Commentary WitnessActs 12:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:12
Verse 12 And when he had considered - When he had weighed every thing, and was fully satisfied of the Divine interposition, he went to the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark, the author of the Gospel, where it appears many were gathered together making prayer and supplication, and probably for Peter's release.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Mary
- John Mark
- Gospel
Exposition: Acts 12:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:13
Greek
κρούσαντος δὲ ⸀αὐτοῦ τὴν θύραν τοῦ πυλῶνος προσῆλθε παιδίσκη ὑπακοῦσαι ὀνόματι Ῥόδη,kroysantos de aytoy ten thyran toy pylonos proselthe paidiske ypakoysai onomati Rode,
KJV: And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a damsel came to hearken, named Rhoda.
AKJV: And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a damsel came to listen, named Rhoda.
ASV: And when he knocked at the door of the gate, a maid came to answer, named Rhoda.
YLT: And Peter having knocked at the door of the porch, there came a damsel to hearken, by name Rhoda,
Commentary WitnessActs 12:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:13
Verse 13 As Peter knocked - The door was probably shut for fear of the Jews; and, as most of the houses in the east have an area before the door, it might have been at this outer gate that Peter stood knocking. A damsel came to hearken, named Rhoda - She came to inquire who was there. Rhoda signifies a rose; and it appears to have been customary with the Jews, as Grotius and others remark, to give the names of flowers and trees to their daughters: thus Susannah signifies a lily, Hadassah, a myrtle, Tamar, a palm tree, etc., etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jews
- Hadassah
- Tamar
Exposition: Acts 12:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a damsel came to hearken, named Rhoda.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:14
Greek
καὶ ἐπιγνοῦσα τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ Πέτρου ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς οὐκ ἤνοιξεν τὸν πυλῶνα, εἰσδραμοῦσα δὲ ἀπήγγειλεν ἑστάναι τὸν Πέτρον πρὸ τοῦ πυλῶνος.kai epignoysa ten phonen toy Petroy apo tes charas oyk enoixen ton pylona, eisdramoysa de apeggeilen estanai ton Petron pro toy pylonos.
KJV: And when she knew Peter’s voice, she opened not the gate for gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate.
AKJV: And when she knew Peter’s voice, she opened not the gate for gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate.
ASV: And when she knew Peter’s voice, she opened not the gate for joy, but ran in, and told that Peter stood before the gate.
YLT: and having known the voice of Peter, from the joy she did not open the porch, but having run in, told of the standing of Peter before the porch,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 12:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Acts 12:14
Acts 12:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And when she knew Peter’s voice, she opened not the gate for gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Acts 12:14
Exposition: Acts 12:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when she knew Peter’s voice, she opened not the gate for gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:15
Greek
οἱ δὲ πρὸς αὐτὴν εἶπαν· Μαίνῃ. ἡ δὲ διϊσχυρίζετο οὕτως ἔχειν. οἱ δὲ ἔλεγον· Ὁ ἄγγελός ⸂ἐστιν αὐτοῦ⸃.oi de pros ayten eipan· Maine. e de diischyrizeto oytos echein. oi de elegon· O aggelos estin aytoy.
KJV: And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel.
AKJV: And they said to her, You are mad. But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel.
ASV: And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she confidently affirmed that it was even so. And they said, It is his angel.
YLT: and they said unto her, Thou art mad;' and she was confidently affirming it to be so, and they said, It is his messenger;'
Commentary WitnessActs 12:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:15
Verse 15 It is his angel - It was a common opinion among the Jews that every man has a guardian angel, and in the popish Church it is an article of faith. The Jews also believed that angels often assumed the likeness of particular persons. They have many stories of the appearance of Elijah in the likeness of different rabbins. As αγγελος signifies in general a messenger, whether Divine or human, some have thought that the angel or messenger here means a servant or person which the disciples supposed was sent from Peter to announce something of importance to the brethren: it was also an opinion among the Jews, even in the time of the apostles, as appears from Philo, that the departed souls of good men officiated as ministering angels; and it is possible that the disciples at Mary's house might suppose that Peter had been murdered in the prison; and that his spirit was now come to announce this event, or give some particular warning to the Church.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Philo
- Jews
- Church
Exposition: Acts 12:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:16
Greek
ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἐπέμενεν κρούων· ἀνοίξαντες δὲ εἶδαν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐξέστησαν.o de Petros epemenen kroyon· anoixantes de eidan ayton kai exestesan.
KJV: But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished.
AKJV: But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished.
ASV: But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened, they saw him, and were amazed.
YLT: and Peter was continuing knocking, and having opened, they saw him, and were astonished,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 12:16Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Acts 12:16
Acts 12:16 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Acts 12:16
Exposition: Acts 12:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:17
Greek
κατασείσας δὲ αὐτοῖς τῇ χειρὶ σιγᾶν διηγήσατο αὐτοῖς πῶς ὁ κύριος αὐτὸν ἐξήγαγεν ἐκ τῆς φυλακῆς, εἶπέν ⸀τε· Ἀπαγγείλατε Ἰακώβῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ταῦτα. καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἐπορεύθη εἰς ἕτερον τόπον.kataseisas de aytois te cheiri sigan diegesato aytois pos o kyrios ayton exegagen ek tes phylakes, eipen te· Apaggeilate Iakobo kai tois adelphois tayta. kai exelthon eporeythe eis eteron topon.
KJV: But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place.
AKJV: But he, beckoning to them with the hand to hold their peace, declared to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go show these things to James, and to the brothers. And he departed, and went into another place.
ASV: But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him forth out of the prison. And he said, Tell these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went to another place.
YLT: and having beckoned to them with the hand to be silent, he declared to them how the Lord brought him out of the prison, and he said, `Declare to James and to the brethren these things;' and having gone forth, he went on to another place.
Commentary WitnessActs 12:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:17
Verse 17 Declared - how the Lord had brought him out of the prison - He still persisted in the belief that his deliverance was purely supernatural. It seems that some modern critics could have informed him of his mistake. See Act 12:11. Show these things unto James, and to the brethren - That is, in one word, show them to the Church, at the head of which James undoubtedly was; as we may clearly understand by the part he took in the famous council held at Jerusalem, relative to certain differences between the believing Jews and Gentiles. See Act 15:13-21. There is still no supremacy for Peter. He who was bishop or overseer of the Church at Jerusalem was certainly at the head of the whole Church of God at this time; but James was then bishop or inspector of the Church at Jerusalem, and, consequently, was the only visible head then upon earth. He departed - into another place - Some popish writers say that he went to Rome, and founded a Christian Church there. Those who can believe any thing may believe this. Where he went we know not; but it is probable that he withdrew for the present into a place of privacy, till the heat of the inquiry was over relative to his escape from the prison; for he saw that Herod was intent on his death.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Act 12:11
- Act 15:13-21
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- James
- Church
- Jerusalem
- Gentiles
- Peter
- Rome
Exposition: Acts 12:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:18
Greek
Γενομένης δὲ ἡμέρας ἦν τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις, τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο.Genomenes de emeras en tarachos oyk oligos en tois stratiotais, ti ara o Petros egeneto.
KJV: Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter.
AKJV: Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter.
ASV: Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter.
YLT: And day having come, there was not a little stir among the soldiers what then was become of Peter,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 12:18Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Acts 12:18
Acts 12:18 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Acts 12:18
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Peter
Exposition: Acts 12:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:19
Greek
Ἡρῴδης δὲ ἐπιζητήσας αὐτὸν καὶ μὴ εὑρὼν ἀνακρίνας τοὺς φύλακας ἐκέλευσεν ἀπαχθῆναι, καὶ κατελθὼν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ⸀εἰς Καισάρειαν διέτριβεν.Erodes de epizetesas ayton kai me eyron anakrinas toys phylakas ekeleysen apachthenai, kai katelthon apo tes Ioydaias eis Kaisareian dietriben.
KJV: And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judea to Cesarea, and there abode.
AKJV: And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judaea to Caesarea, and there stayed. ¶
ASV: And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the guards, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judæa to Cæsarea, and tarried there.
YLT: and Herod having sought for him, and not having found, having examined the guards, did command them to be led away to punishment, and having gone down from Judea to Caesarea, he was abiding there .
Commentary WitnessActs 12:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:19
Verse 19 Commanded that they should be put to death - He believed, or pretended to believe, that the escape of Peter was owing to the negligence of the keepers: jailers, watchmen, etc., ordinarily suffered the same kind of punishment which should have been inflicted on the prisoner whose escape they were supposed to have favored. He went down from Judea to Caesarea - How soon he went down, and how long he stayed there, we know not.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Acts 12:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judea to Cesarea, and there abode.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:20
Greek
Ἦν ⸀δὲ θυμομαχῶν Τυρίοις καὶ Σιδωνίοις· ὁμοθυμαδὸν δὲ παρῆσαν πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ πείσαντες Βλάστον τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ κοιτῶνος τοῦ βασιλέως ᾐτοῦντο εἰρήνην διὰ τὸ τρέφεσθαι αὐτῶν τὴν χώραν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλικῆς.En de thymomachon Tyriois kai Sidoniois· omothymadon de paresan pros ayton, kai peisantes Blaston ton epi toy koitonos toy basileos etoynto eirenen dia to trephesthai ayton ten choran apo tes basilikes.
KJV: And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king’s chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by the king’s country.
AKJV: And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king’s chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by the king’s country.
ASV: Now he was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: and they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king’s chamberlain their friend, they asked for peace, because their country was fed from the king’s country.
YLT: And Herod was highly displeased with the Tyrians and Sidonians, and with one accord they came unto him, and having made a friend of Blastus, who is over the bed-chambers of the king, they were asking peace, because of their country being nourished from the king's;
Commentary WitnessActs 12:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:20
Verse 20 Highly displeased with them of Tyre - On what account Herod was thus displeased is not related by any historian, as far as I have been able to ascertain. Josephus, who speaks of this journey of Herod to Caesarea, says nothing of it; and it is useless for us to conjecture. Having made Blastus - their friend - Blastus was probably a eunuch, and had considerable influence over his master Herod; and, to reach the master, it is likely they bribed the chamberlain. Desired peace - The Tyrians and Sidonians being equally subjects of the Roman government with the inhabitants of Galilee, Herod could not go to war with them; but, being irritated against them, he might prevent their supplies: they therefore endeavored to be on peaceable, i.e. friendly, terms with him. Their country was nourished by the king's country - That is, they had all their supplies from Galilee; for Tyre and Sidon, being places of trade and commerce, with little territory, were obliged to have all their provisions from the countries under Herod's jurisdiction. This had been the case even from the days of Solomon, as we learn from 1Kgs 5:11; where it is said that Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat, for food to his household; and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year. See also Eze 27:17.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- 1Kgs 5:11
- Eze 27:17
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Josephus
- Caesarea
- Herod
- Galilee
- Sidon
- Solomon
Exposition: Acts 12:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king’s chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by th...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:21
Greek
τακτῇ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ Ἡρῴδης ἐνδυσάμενος ἐσθῆτα βασιλικὴν ⸀καὶ καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος ἐδημηγόρει πρὸς αὐτούς·takte de emera o Erodes endysamenos estheta basiliken kai kathisas epi toy bematos edemegorei pros aytoys·
KJV: And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them.
AKJV: And on a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat on his throne, and made an oration to them.
ASV: And upon a set day Herod arrayed himself in royal apparel, and sat on the throne, and made an oration unto them.
YLT: and on a set day, Herod having arrayed himself in kingly apparel, and having sat down upon the tribunal, was making an oration unto them,
Commentary WitnessActs 12:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:21
Verse 21 Upon a set day, etc. - A day on which games, etc., were exhibited in honor of the Roman emperor. What this refers to, we learn from Josephus. "Herod, having reigned three years over All Judea, (he had reigned over the tetrarchy of his brother Philip four years before this), went down to Caesarea, and there exhibited shows and games in honor of Claudius, and made vows for his health. On the second day of these shows, he put on a garment made wholly of silver, and of a contexture most truly wonderful, and came into the theater early in the morning; at which time the silver of his garment, being illuminated by the first reflection of the sun's rays, shone out after a surprising manner, and was so resplendent as to spread a horror over those who looked intently upon him; and presently his flatterers cried out, one from one place, and another from another, 'He is a god:' and they added, 'Be thou merciful to us, for although we have hitherto reverenced thee only as a man, yet shall we henceforth own thee as superior to mortal nature.' Nor did the king rebuke them, nor reject their impious flattery. But, looking up, he saw an owl on a certain rope over his head, and immediately conceived that this bird was to him a messenger of ill tidings; and he fell into the deepest sorrow; a severe pain also arose in his bowels, and he died after five days' severe illness." This is the sum of the account given by Josephus, Ant. lib. xix. cap. 8, sect. 2. (See Whiston's edition.) Notwithstanding the embellishments of the Jewish historian, it agrees in the main surprisingly with the account given here by St. Luke. Josephus, it is true, suppresses some circumstances which would have been dishonorable to this impious king; and, according to his manner, puts a speech in Herod's mouth, when he found himself struck with death, expressive of much humility and contrition. But this speech is of no authority. When Josephus takes up and pursues the thread of mere historical narration, he may be safely trusted; but whenever he begins to embellish, or put speeches in the mouths of his actors, he is no longer to be credited. He even here transforms an angel of the Lord into an owl, and introduces it most improbably into his narration; as if an owl, a bird of all others that can least bear the light, should come and perch on the pavilion of the king, when the sun was shining with the most resplendent rays!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Josephus
- Ray
- Herod
- All Judea
- Caesarea
- Claudius
- But
- Ant
- St
- Luke
Exposition: Acts 12:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:22
Greek
ὁ δὲ δῆμος ἐπεφώνει· ⸂Θεοῦ φωνὴ⸃ καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου.o de demos epephonei· Theoy phone kai oyk anthropoy.
KJV: And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.
AKJV: And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.
ASV: And the people shouted, saying, The voice of a god, and not of a man.
YLT: and the populace were shouting, `The voice of a god, and not of a man;'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 12:22Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Acts 12:22
Acts 12:22 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Acts 12:22
Exposition: Acts 12:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:23
Greek
παραχρῆμα δὲ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν ἄγγελος κυρίου ἀνθʼ ὧν οὐκ ἔδωκεν ⸀τὴν δόξαν τῷ θεῷ, καὶ γενόμενος σκωληκόβρωτος ἐξέψυξεν.parachrema de epataxen ayton aggelos kyrioy anth on oyk edoken ten doxan to theo, kai genomenos skolekobrotos exepsyxen.
KJV: And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.
AKJV: And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost. ¶
ASV: And immediately an angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.
YLT: and presently there smote him a messenger of the Lord, because he did not give the glory to God, and having been eaten of worms, he expired.
Commentary WitnessActs 12:23Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:23
Verse 23 The angel of the Lord smote him - His death was most evidently a judgment from God. Because he gave not God the glory - He did not rebuke his flatterers, but permitted them to give him that honor that was due to God alone. See on Act 12:21 (note). And was eaten of worms - Whether this was the morbus pedicularis, or whether a violent inflammation of his bowels, terminating in putrefaction, did not actually produce worms, which, for several days, swarmed in his infected entrails, we cannot tell. It is most likely that this latter was the case; and this is at once more agreeable to the letter of the text, and to the circumstances of the case as related by Josephus. And gave up the ghost - That is, he died of the disorder by which he was then seized, after having lingered, in excruciating torments, for five days, as Josephus has stated. Antiochus Epiphanes and Herod the Great died of the same kind of disease. See the observations at the end of Act 1:26 (note) relative to the death of Judas.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Act 12:21
- Act 1:26
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Josephus
- Judas
Exposition: Acts 12:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:24
Greek
Ὁ δὲ λόγος τοῦ ⸀θεοῦ ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐπληθύνετο.O de logos toy theoy eyxanen kai eplethyneto.
KJV: But the word of God grew and multiplied.
AKJV: But the word of God grew and multiplied.
ASV: But the word of God grew and multiplied.
YLT: And the word of God did grow and did multiply,
Commentary WitnessActs 12:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:24
Verse 24 But the word of God - The Christian doctrine preached by the apostles grew and multiplied - became more evident, and had daily accessions; for the spirit of revelation rested on those men, and God was daily adding to that word as circumstances required, in order to complete that testimony of his which we now find contained in the New Testament. As there is in the original an allusion to the vegetation of grain, (ηυξανε, it grew, as corn grows, the stalk and the ear; και επληθυνετο, it was multiplied, as the corn is in the full ear), there is probably a reference to the parable of the Sower and his seed; for the seed is the word of God, and the doctrine of the kingdom. It was liberally sown; it grew vigorously, and became greatly multiplied. And why? Because it was the word, the doctrine of God - there was no corruption in it; and because God watered it with the dew of heaven from on high.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- New Testament
Exposition: Acts 12:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But the word of God grew and multiplied.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Acts 12:25
Greek
Βαρναβᾶς δὲ καὶ Σαῦλος ὑπέστρεψαν, ⸀εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ πληρώσαντες τὴν διακονίαν, ⸀συμπαραλαβόντες Ἰωάννην τὸν ἐπικληθέντα Μᾶρκον.Barnabas de kai Saylos ypestrepsan, eis Ieroysalem plerosantes ten diakonian, symparalabontes Ioannen ton epiklethenta Markon.
KJV: And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark.
AKJV: And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark.
ASV: And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministration, taking with them John whose surname was Mark.
YLT: and Barnabas and Saul did turn back out of Jerusalem, having fulfilled the ministration, having taken also with them John, who was surnamed Mark.
Commentary WitnessActs 12:25Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Acts 12:25
Verse 25 Returned from Jerusalem - That is, to Antioch, after the death of Herod. When they had fulfilled their ministry - When they had carried the alms of the Christians at Antioch to the poor saints at Jerusalem, according to what is mentioned, Act 11:29, Act 11:30, to support them in the time of the coming famine. And took with them John, whose surname was Mark - This was the son of Mary, mentioned Act 12:12. He accompanied the apostles to Cyprus, and afterwards in several of their voyages, till they came to Perga in Pamphylia. Finding them about to take a more extensive voyage, he departed from them. See the case, Act 13:13; Act 15:37-40. 1. When the nature, spirit, and tendency of Christianity are considered, we may well be astonished that it should ever find a persecutor among the souls it was designed to instruct and save! Devils can have no part in it, and therefore we may naturally expect them, through envy and malice, to oppose it; but that men, for whose use and salvation the wisdom and mercy of God made it, should reject its offers of mercy, and persecute to death those who proclaimed it, is the most unaccountable thing that can be conceived. What a proof is this of mere maliciousness, where the persecutor not only serves no self-interest by it, but destroys, as far as he can, all that could promote his own present and eternal happiness! This argues such blindness of understanding, hardness of heart, and derangement of mind, as can be accounted for only on the supposition of a nature totally fallen from God, righteousness, and truth. The Jews crucify Christ, and martyr Stephen; and Herod murders James; and both join together to persecute the followers of Christ and destroy his cause. Reader, consider the consequences: this bad people were permitted to remain till they had filled up the measure of their iniquity, and were then cut of by a most terrible judgment; and Herod was visited for his transgressions in such a most awful way as strongly marked the displeasure of God against persecutors. If a man contend with a man, the contest is in a certain way equal - the potsherds strive with the potsherds of the earth; but when a man enters the lists against his Maker, as every persecutor does, wo unto that man! - he must be torn in pieces, when there is none to deliver. 2. How true is the saying, there is neither counsel nor might against the Lord! In the midst of all troubles and afflictions, that kingdom of heaven which is like a grain of mustard seed grew and increased, and became a mighty tree which is now filling the whole earth, and fowl of every wing are flying to lodge in its branches. Ride on, and be thou prosperous, O Christ! We wish thee good luck with thine honor.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Act 11:29
- Act 11:30
- Act 12:12
- Act 13:13
- Act 15:37-40
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Antioch
- Herod
- Jerusalem
- John
- Mary
- Cyprus
- Pamphylia
- Christ
- Stephen
- James
- Reader
- Maker
Exposition: Acts 12:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
20
Generated editorial witnesses
5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Act 12:1
- Act 12:2
- Act 12:3
- Act 12:4
- Act 12:5
- Act 12:6-10
- Act 12:11-17
- Act 12:18
- Act 12:19
- Act 12:20
- Act 12:21-23
- Act 12:24
- Act 12:25
- Mat 2:1
- Acts 12:1
- Mat 20:23
- Acts 12:2
- Acts 12:3
- Acts 12:4
- Acts 12:5
- Acts 12:6
- Acts 12:7
- Acts 12:8
- Acts 12:9
- Acts 12:10
- Acts 12:11
- Acts 12:12
- Acts 12:13
- Acts 12:14
- Acts 12:15
- Acts 12:16
- Act 12:11
- Act 15:13-21
- Acts 12:17
- Acts 12:18
- Acts 12:19
- 1Kgs 5:11
- Eze 27:17
- Acts 12:20
- Acts 12:21
- Acts 12:22
- Act 12:21
- Act 1:26
- Acts 12:23
- Acts 12:24
- Act 11:29
- Act 11:30
- Act 12:12
- Act 13:13
- Act 15:37-40
- Acts 12:25
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Ray
- Christians
- Kills James
- Mary
- Herod
- Tyre
- Saul
- John Mark
- Herod Agrippa
- Aristobulus
- Great
- Herod Antipas
- Baptist
- Herodias
- Emperor Caligula
- Lysanias
- Iturea
- Trachonitis
- Abilene
- Gaulonitis
- Batanaea
- Penias
- Samaria
- Zebedee
- Alpheus
- Nero
- Lord
- James
- Stoning
- Talmud
- Sanhedr
- April
- Emperor Claudius
- Saxon
- Algiers
- Pocock
- Antioch
- Ovid
- Mr
- Holy Ghost
- Gospel
- Jews
- Hadassah
- Tamar
- Philo
- Church
- Jerusalem
- Gentiles
- Peter
- Rome
- Josephus
- Caesarea
- Galilee
- Sidon
- Solomon
- All Judea
- Claudius
- But
- Ant
- St
- Luke
- Judas
- New Testament
- John
- Cyprus
- Pamphylia
- Christ
- Stephen
- Reader
- Maker
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Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
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What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
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Commentary Witness
Acts 12:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Acts 12:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness