Apologetics Bible · Scripture Reader

Apologetics Bible

Read Scripture with the original-language, translation, commentary, and apologetics layers kept close to the text.

Scripture-first study surface. Data layers support reading; they do not replace prayer, context, humility, or the text itself.

What makes it different

Four study layers kept near the text.

The reader keeps Scripture first, then brings original-language notes, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition into an ordered study path without letting the tools outrank the passage.

Layer 01
Original Language

Hebrew and Greek source shelves sit near the passage with transliteration and morphology notes where the source data is available.

Layer 02
Translation Comparison

A broad translation-comparison set brings KJV, ASV, YLT, BSB, Darby, and many other renderings near the verse so wording differences can be studied carefully.

Layer 03
Commentary Witness

Historical witness notes appear where source coverage is available, helping readers compare older interpreters without replacing the passage.

Layer 04
Apologetics Exposition

Apologetics exposition helps trace how passages function in canonical argument, what doctrinal claims they touch, and how themes connect across the 66 books.

Scripture reader

Open a passage.

Read the text first, then compare available translations, words, witness notes, and defense notes.

Type a Bible reference, then jump into the reader.

Verse not recognized — try "John 3:16" or "Gen 1:1"

Choose a layer, then the reader opens that study surface near the passage.

Genesis 1:1 · Old Testament
Reader
Loading translations…
How a chapter works

Summary first. Then the depth.

Each chapter starts with the passage, then keeps the supporting study layers close enough to check without replacing the text.

Chapter opening
Book Introduction

Book framing comes before the notes: title, placement, authorship questions, and why the passage matters.

Primary witness
Full Chapter Text

The chapter text stays first. Supporting source shelves sit after the passage.

Verse-by-verse
Four Study Layers

Original language, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition stay grouped around the passage when the supporting data is available.

Start with the passage. Use the tools after the text.

The reader keeps translations, source shelves, original-language data, and verse-linked notes close to Scripture. Open Bible Data for the public shelves, or bring a careful question to DaveAI later.

Scripture first

Read the Word before every witness.

Open the chapter itself first. Summaries, verse waypoints, ancient witnesses, cross-references, and the citation apparatus are here to serve the Word YHWH has given, never to outrank it.

The Bible is the authority here. Notes, languages, witnesses, and defenses sit below the text as servants of faithful study.

Published chapter Reader summary first Acts live Chapter 15 of 28 41 verse waypoints 41 commentary witnesses

Holy Scripture opened

Acts 15 — Acts 15

Connected primary witness
  • Connected ID: Acts_15
  • Primary Witness Text: And certain men which came down from Judea taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved. When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question. And being brought on their way by the church, they passed through Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren. And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them. But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses. And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter. And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe. And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us; And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? But ...

Connected dataset overlay
  • Connected ID: Acts_15
  • Chapter Blob Preview: And certain men which came down from Judea taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved. When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question. And bei...

Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.

Chapter frame

Acts (c. AD 62) is the pivot-document of redemptive history: the Spirit-empowered proclamation of the risen Christ from Jerusalem to Rome. As the second volume of Luke's work, it provides the historical framework for all the NT epistles.

Luke's accuracy in Acts receives substantial archaeological confirmation via the work of William Ramsay, who set out to disprove Acts and was converted by its precision — titles, place names, sea routes, civic procedures — all matching 1st-century realia. Paul's missionary journeys are among the most historically verifiable movements in ancient biography.


Verse-by-verse study laneOpen only when you are ready for notes and witnesses.

Verse-by-verse study lane

Acts 15:1

Greek
Καί τινες κατελθόντες ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐδίδασκον τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ὅτι Ἐὰν μὴ ⸀περιτμηθῆτε τῷ ἔθει ⸀τῷ Μωϋσέως, οὐ δύνασθε σωθῆναι.

Kai tines katelthontes apo tes Ioydaias edidaskon toys adelphoys oti Ean me peritmethete to ethei to Moyseos, oy dynasthe sothenai.

KJV: And certain men which came down from Judea taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.

AKJV: And certain men which came down from Judaea taught the brothers, and said, Except you be circumcised after the manner of Moses, you cannot be saved.

ASV: And certain men came down from Judæa and taught the brethren, saying, Except ye be circumcised after the custom of Moses, ye cannot be saved.

YLT: And certain having come down from Judea, were teaching the brethren--`If ye be not circumcised after the custom of Moses, ye are not able to be saved;'

Commentary WitnessActs 15:1
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:1

Quoted commentary witness

Certain teachers from Judea insist on the necessity of the converted Gentiles being circumcised, Act 15:1. Paul and Barnabas are sent to Jerusalem to consult the apostles on this subject, Act 15:2. They come to Jerusalem, and inform the apostles of the conversion of the Gentiles; and of the trouble which certain Pharisees had occasioned concerning circumcision, Act 15:3-5. The apostles having assembled to consider the question, Peter delivers his opinion, Act 15:6-11. Barnabas and Paul relate their success among the Gentiles, Act 15:12. James delivers his judgment, Act 15:13-21. The apostles and elders agree to what he proposes, and send Judas and Silas with Paul and Barnabas to the converted Gentiles, Act 15:22; and send an epistle containing their decree to the Churches of Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia, Act 15:23-29. Paul and his company return, and read the epistle to the brethren at Antioch, which produces great joy; and Judas and Silas preach to them, Act 15:30-32. Judas returns to Jerusalem, but Silas continues with Paul and Barnabas, teaching and preaching, Act 15:33-35. Paul proposes to Barnabas to visit the Churches where they had preached; and, on the latter determining to take John Mark with them, Paul refuses, Act 15:36-38. They disagree; and Barnabas, taking John Mark, sails to Cyprus, Act 15:39. And Paul, taking Silas, goes through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the Churches, Act 15:40, Act 15:41. Verse 1 Except ye be circumcised, etc. - The persons who taught this doctrine appear to have been converts to Christianity; but, supposing that the Christian religion was intended to perfect the Mosaic, and not to supersede it, they insisted on the necessity of circumcision, because, by that, a man was made debtor to the whole law, to observe all its rites and ceremonies. This question produced great disturbance in the apostolic Church; and, notwithstanding the decree mentioned in this chapter, the apostles were frequently obliged to interpose their authority in order to settle it; and we find a whole Church, that at Galatia, drawn aside from the simplicity of the Christian faith by the subtilty of Judaizing teachers among themselves, who insisted on the necessity of the converted Gentiles being circumcised. Ye cannot be saved - Ye can neither enjoy God's blessing in time, nor his glory in eternity. Such an assertion as this, from any reputable authority, must necessarily shake the confidence of young converts.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 15:1
  • Act 15:2
  • Act 15:3-5
  • Act 15:6-11
  • Act 15:12
  • Act 15:13-21
  • Act 15:22
  • Act 15:23-29
  • Act 15:30-32
  • Act 15:33-35
  • Act 15:36-38
  • Act 15:39
  • Act 15:40
  • Act 15:41

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jerusalem
  • Gentiles
  • Antioch
  • Syria
  • Cilicia
  • Barnabas
  • John Mark
  • Cyprus
  • And Paul
  • Silas
  • Churches
  • Christianity
  • Mosaic
  • Church
  • Galatia

Exposition: Acts 15:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And certain men which came down from Judea taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:2

Greek
γενομένης ⸀δὲ στάσεως καὶ ζητήσεως οὐκ ὀλίγης τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ τῷ Βαρναβᾷ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔταξαν ἀναβαίνειν Παῦλον καὶ Βαρναβᾶν καί τινας ἄλλους ἐξ αὐτῶν πρὸς τοὺς ἀποστόλους καὶ πρεσβυτέρους εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ περὶ τοῦ ζητήματος τούτου.

genomenes de staseos kai zeteseos oyk oliges to Paylo kai to Barnaba pros aytoys etaxan anabainein Paylon kai Barnaban kai tinas alloys ex ayton pros toys apostoloys kai presbyteroys eis Ieroysalem peri toy zetematos toytoy.

KJV: When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question.

AKJV: When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders about this question.

ASV: And when Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and questioning with them, the brethren appointed that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question.

YLT: there having been, therefore, not a little dissension and disputation to Paul and Barnabas with them, they arranged for Paul and Barnabas, and certain others of them, to go up unto the apostles and elders to Jerusalem about this question,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:2
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:2

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 2 No small dissension and disputation - Paul and Barnabas were fully satisfied that God did not design to bring the converted Gentiles under the yoke of circumcision: they knew that Jesus Christ was the end of the law for righteousness (justification) to every one that believed, and therefore they opposed the Judaizing teachers. This was one of the first controversies in the Christian Church; but, though the difference of sentiment was considerable, it led to no breach of Christian charity nor fellowship among themselves. They determined that Paul, etc. - This verse is read very differently in the Codex Bezae: Γενομενης δε εκτασεως και ζητησεως ουκ ολιγης τῳ Παυλῳ και τῳ Βαρναβᾳ συν αυτοις. ελεγεν γαρ ὁ Παυλος μενειν οὑτως, καθως επιϚευσαν, διΐσχυριζομενος. οἱ δε εληλυθοτες απο Ἱερουσαλημ, παρηγγειλαν αυτοις, τῳ Παυλῳ και τῳ Βαρναβᾳ και τισιν αλλοις, αναβαινειν προς τους ΑποϚολους και Πρεσβυτερους εις Ἱερουσαλημ, ὁπως κριθωσιν επ' αυτοις (αυτων) περι του ζητηματος τουτου. But when Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, Paul said, with strong assurance, that they should remain so as they had believed. But those who came from Jerusalem charged Paul and Barnabas and certain others to go up to the apostles and elders to Jerusalem, that a determination might be made by them concerning this question. And certain other of them - If this be the journey to which St. Paul alludes, Gal 2:1-5, then he had Titus with him; and how many elders went from the Church of Antioch we cannot tell. This journey was 14 years after Paul's conversion, and was undertaken by express revelation, as he informs us, Gal 2:2, which revelation appears to have been given to certain persons in the Church of Antioch, as we learn from this verse, and not to Paul and Barnabas themselves.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gal 2:1-5
  • Gal 2:2

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Christian Church
  • Paul
  • Codex Bezae
  • Jerusalem
  • St
  • Antioch

Exposition: Acts 15:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:3

Greek
οἱ μὲν οὖν προπεμφθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας διήρχοντο τήν ⸀τε Φοινίκην καὶ Σαμάρειαν ἐκδιηγούμενοι τὴν ἐπιστροφὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἐποίουν χαρὰν μεγάλην πᾶσι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς.

oi men oyn propemphthentes ypo tes ekklesias dierchonto ten te Phoiniken kai Samareian ekdiegoymenoi ten epistrophen ton ethnon, kai epoioyn charan megalen pasi tois adelphois.

KJV: And being brought on their way by the church, they passed through Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren.

AKJV: And being brought on their way by the church, they passed through Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy to all the brothers.

ASV: They therefore, being brought on their way by the church, passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren.

YLT: they indeed, then, having been sent forward by the assembly, were passing through Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the nations, and they were causing great joy to all the brethren.

Commentary WitnessActs 15:3
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:3

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 3 Being brought on their way by the Church - That is; the members of the Church provided them with all necessaries for their journey; for it does not appear that they had any property of their own. Declaring the conversion of the Gentiles - Much stress is laid on this: it was a miracle of God's mercy that the Gentiles should be received into the Church of God; and they had now the fullest proof that the thing was likely to become general, by the conversion of Cornelius, the conversion of the people of Antioch, of Cyprus, Pisidia, Pamphylia, Lycaonia, etc., etc.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ovid
  • Cornelius
  • Antioch
  • Cyprus
  • Pisidia
  • Pamphylia
  • Lycaonia

Exposition: Acts 15:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And being brought on their way by the church, they passed through Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:4

Greek
παραγενόμενοι δὲ εἰς ⸀Ἱεροσόλυμα ⸀παρεδέχθησαν ⸀ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, ἀνήγγειλάν τε ὅσα ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν μετʼ αὐτῶν.

paragenomenoi de eis Ierosolyma paredechthesan apo tes ekklesias kai ton apostolon kai ton presbyteron, aneggeilan te osa o theos epoiesen met ayton.

KJV: And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them.

AKJV: And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them.

ASV: And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church and the apostles and the elders, and they rehearsed all things that God had done with them.

YLT: And having come to Jerusalem, they were received by the assembly, and the apostles, and the elders, they declared also as many things as God did with them;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:4
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:4

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 4 They were received of the Church - The whole body of Christian believers. The apostles - Either the whole or part of the twelve; though we read of none but John, Peter, and James. See Gal 2:9. And elders - Those who were officers in the Church, under the apostles. They declared - To this council they gave a succinct account of the great work which God had wrought by them among the Gentiles. This was St. Paul's third journey to Jerusalem after his conversion. See an account of his first journey, Act 9:26, and of his second in Act 11:30.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gal 2:9
  • Act 9:26
  • Act 11:30

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • John
  • Peter
  • James
  • Church
  • Gentiles
  • St

Exposition: Acts 15:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:5

Greek
ἐξανέστησαν δέ τινες τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς αἱρέσεως τῶν Φαρισαίων πεπιστευκότες, λέγοντες ὅτι δεῖ περιτέμνειν αὐτοὺς παραγγέλλειν τε τηρεῖν τὸν νόμον Μωϋσέως.

exanestesan de tines ton apo tes aireseos ton Pharisaion pepisteykotes, legontes oti dei peritemnein aytoys paraggellein te terein ton nomon Moyseos.

KJV: But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.

AKJV: But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses. ¶

ASV: But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees who believed, saying, It is needful to circumcise them, and to charge them to keep the law of Moses.

YLT: and there rose up certain of those of the sect of the Pharisees who believed, saying--`It behoveth to circumcise them, to command them also to keep the law of Moses.'

Commentary WitnessActs 15:5
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:5

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 5 But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees - This verse appears to be part of the declaration made by Paul and Barnabas to this council: for, having stated how God blessed their ministry among the Gentiles, they proceed to declare how all the good work was likely to be destroyed by certain Pharisees, who, having received the Christian faith, came down to Antioch, and began to teach the necessity of circumcision, etc., and thus filled the minds of the young converted Gentiles with doubtful disputations.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:5

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Gentiles
  • Pharisees
  • Antioch

Exposition: Acts 15:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:6

Greek
Συνήχθησάν ⸀τε οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ἰδεῖν περὶ τοῦ λόγου τούτου.

Synechthesan te oi apostoloi kai oi presbyteroi idein peri toy logoy toytoy.

KJV: And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter.

AKJV: And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter.

ASV: And the apostles and the elders were gathered together to consider of this matter.

YLT: And there were gathered together the apostles and the elders, to see about this matter,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:6
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:6

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 6 The apostles and elders came together - This was the first council ever held in the Christian Church; and we find that it was composed of the apostles and elders simply.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Christian Church

Exposition: Acts 15:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:7

Greek
πολλῆς δὲ ⸀ζητήσεως γενομένης ἀναστὰς Πέτρος εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί, ὑμεῖς ἐπίστασθε ὅτι ἀφʼ ἡμερῶν ἀρχαίων ⸂ἐν ὑμῖν ἐξελέξατο ὁ θεὸς⸃ διὰ τοῦ στόματός μου ἀκοῦσαι τὰ ἔθνη τὸν λόγον τοῦ εὐαγγελίου καὶ πιστεῦσαι,

polles de zeteseos genomenes anastas Petros eipen pros aytoys· Andres adelphoi, ymeis epistasthe oti aph emeron archaion en ymin exelexato o theos dia toy stomatos moy akoysai ta ethne ton logon toy eyaggelioy kai pisteysai,

KJV: And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe.

AKJV: And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said to them, Men and brothers, you know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe.

ASV: And when there had been much questioning, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Brethren, ye know that a good while ago God made choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel, and believe.

YLT: and there having been much disputing, Peter having risen up said unto them, `Men, brethren, ye know that from former days, God among us did make choice, through my mouth, for the nations to hear the word of the good news, and to believe;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:7
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:7

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 7 When there had been much disputing - By those of the sect of the believing Pharisees; for they strongly contended for circumcision, and at the head of these, tradition tells us, was Cerinthus, a name famous in the primitive Church, as one who labored to unite the law and the Gospel, and to make the salvation promised by the latter dependent on the performance of the rites and ceremonies prescribed by the former. Though the apostles and elders were under the inspiration of the Almighty, and could by this inspiration have immediately determined the question, yet it was highly necessary that the objecting party should be permitted to come forward and allege their reasons for the doctrines they preached, and that these reasons should be fairly met by argument, and the thing proved to be useless in itself, inexpedient in the present case, and unsupported by any express authority from God, and serving no purpose to the Gentiles, who in their uncircumcised state, by believing in Christ Jesus, had been made partakers of the Holy Ghost. Peter rose up, and said - This was after the matters in dispute had been fully debated; and now the apostles, like judges, after hearing counsel on both sides, proceed to give judgment on the case. A good while ago - Αφ' ἡμερων αρχαιων, From the days of old: a phrase which simply signifies some years ago; and, if he here refers to the conversion of Cornelius, (see Acts 10:1-48), he must mean about ten years before this time; but it is more likely that he refers to that time when Christ gave him the keys of the kingdom of heaven, that be might open the door of faith to the Gentiles. God made choice among us - That is, he chose me to be the first apostle of the Gentiles.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:7

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 10:1-48

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Pharisees
  • Cerinthus
  • Church
  • Gospel
  • Almighty
  • Gentiles
  • Christ Jesus
  • Holy Ghost
  • Cornelius

Exposition: Acts 15:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:8

Greek
καὶ ὁ καρδιογνώστης θεὸς ἐμαρτύρησεν αὐτοῖς ⸀δοὺς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον καθὼς καὶ ἡμῖν,

kai o kardiognostes theos emartyresen aytois doys to pneyma to agion kathos kai emin,

KJV: And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us;

AKJV: And God, which knows the hearts, bore them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did to us;

ASV: And God, who knoweth the heart, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as he did unto us;

YLT: and the heart-knowing God did bare them testimony, having given to them the Holy Spirit, even as also to us,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:8
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:8

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 8 And God which knoweth the hearts - Ο καρδιογνωϚης Θεος. We had this epithet of the Divine Being once before; see Act 1:24, and the note there: it occurs no where else in the New Testament. Bare them witness - Considered them as proper or fit to receive the Gospel of Christ. It is properly remarked by learned men, that μαρτυρειν τινι, to bear witness to any person, signifies to approve, to testify in behalf of. Here it signifies that, as God evidently sent the Gospel to the Gentiles, and, by the preaching of it, conveyed the Holy Spirit to them who believed, and as he can make no improper judgment of any who knows all hearts and their secrets, therefore what he had done was right: he saw that it was time for them to receive the Gospel; and he saw that they might be safely trusted with this heavenly deposit; and the experience of eighteen hundred years has justified the conduct of God.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:8

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 1:24

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • New Testament
  • Christ
  • Gentiles
  • Gospel

Exposition: Acts 15:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:9

Greek
καὶ ⸀οὐθὲν διέκρινεν μεταξὺ ἡμῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν, τῇ πίστει καθαρίσας τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν.

kai oythen diekrinen metaxy emon te kai ayton, te pistei katharisas tas kardias ayton.

KJV: And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.

AKJV: And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.

ASV: and he made no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith.

YLT: and did put no difference also between us and them, by the faith having purified their hearts;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:9
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:9

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 9 Put no difference between us and them - Giving them the Holy Spirit, though uncircumcised, just as he had given it to us who were circumcised: an evident proof that, in the judgment of God, circumcision was no preparation to receive the Gospel of Christ. And as the purification of the heart by the Holy Spirit was the grand object of the religion of God, and that alone by which the soul could be prepared for a blessed immortality, and the Gentiles had received that without circumcision, consequently, the shadow could not be considered of any worth, now the substance was communicated.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:9

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Holy Spirit
  • Christ

Exposition: Acts 15:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:10

Greek
νῦν οὖν τί πειράζετε τὸν θεόν, ἐπιθεῖναι ζυγὸν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον τῶν μαθητῶν ὃν οὔτε οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν οὔτε ἡμεῖς ἰσχύσαμεν βαστάσαι;

nyn oyn ti peirazete ton theon, epitheinai zygon epi ton trachelon ton matheton on oyte oi pateres emon oyte emeis ischysamen bastasai;

KJV: Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?

AKJV: Now therefore why tempt you God, to put a yoke on the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?

ASV: Now therefore why make ye trial of God, that ye should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?

YLT: now, therefore, why do ye tempt God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?

Commentary WitnessActs 15:10
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:10

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 10 Now therefore why tempt ye God - A God, by giving the Holy Spirit to the Gentiles, evidently shows he does not design them to be circumcised, in order to become debtors to the law, to fulfill all its precepts, etc., why will ye provoke him to displeasure by doing what he evidently designs shall not be done? A yoke - which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? - This does not refer to the moral law - that was of eternal obligation - but to the ritual law, which, through the multitude of its sacrifices, ordinances, etc., was exceedingly burthensome to the Jewish people. And had not God, by an especial providence, rendered both their fields and their flocks very fruitful, they could not possibly have borne so painful a ritual. There is a curious story in Midrash Shochar, told in Yalkut Simeoni, part i. fol. 229, where Korah is represented as showing the oppressive nature of the law, and avarice of its priests, in justification of his rebellion. "There was," said he, "a widow in our neighbourbood who had two orphan children: she had one field; and, when she began to plough it, one came and said, Thou shalt not plough with an ox and an ass together. When she went to sow it, he said, Thou shalt not sow thy field with divers seeds. When she began to reap, and to gather the sheaves together, he said, Leave a handful and the corners of the field for the poor. When she prepared to thresh it, he said, Give me the wave-offering, and the first and second tithes. She did as she was commanded, and then went and sold her field, and bought two ewes, that she might clothe herself and family with the wool, and get profit by the lambs. When they brought forth their lambs, Aaron came and said, Give me the firstlings, for the holy blessed God hath said, All the first born, whatsoever openeth the womb, shall be thine. She yielded to his demands, and gave him two lambs. When shearing time came, he said, Give me the first fruits of the wool. When the widow had done this, she said, I cannot stand before this man; I will kill my sheep and eat them. When she had killed the sheep, Aaron came and said, Give me the shoulder, and the jaws, and the ventricle. The widow said, Though I have killed my sheep, I am not delivered from this man; I therefore consecrate the whole to God. Then Aaron said, All belongs to me, for the holy blessed God hath said, Every thing that is consecrated in Israel shall be his, i.e. the priest's. He therefore took the whole carcasses, and marched off, leaving the widow and her orphan daughters overwhelmed with affliction." This is a terrible picture of the requisitions of the Mosaic ritual; and, though exaggerated, it contains so many true features that it may well be said, This is a yoke which neither we nor our fathers were able to bear. See Schoettgen. In the same vexatious way may the tithes of the national Church in this country be exacted, and in this very way is the exaction frequently exercised. It is high time that these abuses should be corrected.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:10

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ovid
  • Gentiles
  • Midrash Shochar
  • Yalkut Simeoni
  • See Schoettgen

Exposition: Acts 15:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:11

Greek
ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι καθʼ ὃν τρόπον κἀκεῖνοι.

alla dia tes charitos toy kyrioy Iesoy pisteyomen sothenai kath on tropon kakeinoi.

KJV: But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.

AKJV: But we believe that through the grace of the LORD Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they. ¶

ASV: But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in like manner as they.

YLT: but, through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, we believe to be saved, even as also they.'

Commentary WitnessActs 15:11
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:11

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 11 Through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved - This seems to be an answer to an objection, "Has not God designed to save us, the Jews, by an observance of the law; and them, the Gentiles, by the faith of the Gospel?" No: for we Jews can be saved no other way than through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ; and this is the way in which the Gentiles in question have been saved. There is but one way of salvation for Jews and Gentiles, the grace, mercy, or favor coming by and through the Lord Jesus, the Christ; this is now fully opened to the Gentiles; and we believe we shall be saved in the same way.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:11

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Jews
  • Gentiles
  • No
  • Lord Jesus Christ
  • Lord Jesus
  • Christ

Exposition: Acts 15:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:12

Greek
Ἐσίγησεν δὲ πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ ἤκουον Βαρναβᾶ καὶ Παύλου ἐξηγουμένων ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν διʼ αὐτῶν.

Esigesen de pan to plethos, kai ekoyon Barnaba kai Payloy exegoymenon osa epoiesen o theos semeia kai terata en tois ethnesin di ayton.

KJV: Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by them.

AKJV: Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had worked among the Gentiles by them. ¶

ASV: And all the multitude kept silence; and they hearkened unto Barnabas and Paul rehearsing what signs and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles through them.

YLT: And all the multitude did keep silence, and were hearkening to Barnabas and Paul, declaring as many signs and wonders as God did among the nations through them;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:12
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:12

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 12 All the multitude kept silence - The strong facts stated by St. Peter could not be controverted. His speech may be thus analyzed: 1. Circumcision is a sign of the purification of the heart. 2. That purification can only be effected by the Holy Ghost. 3. This Holy Spirit was hitherto supposed to be the portion of those only who had received circumcision. 4. But the Gentiles, who were never circumcised, nor kept any part of the law of Moses, have had their hearts purified by faith in Christ Jesus. 5. As God, therefore, has given them the thing signified, he evidently does not intend that the sign should be administered. 6. Should we impose this burthensome rite, we should most evidently be provoking God, who plainly shows us that he intends no more to save in this way. 7. Therefore it is evident that both Jews and Gentiles are to be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ. Gave audience to Barnabas and Paul - These apostles came forward next, to corroborate what Peter had said, by showing the miracles and wonders which God had by them wrought among the Gentiles. Peter stated facts: Paul and Barnabas confirmed the statement.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:12

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • Jesus
  • St
  • Holy Ghost
  • Gentiles
  • Christ Jesus
  • As God
  • Lord Jesus Christ

Exposition: Acts 15:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:13

Greek
μετὰ δὲ τὸ σιγῆσαι αὐτοὺς ἀπεκρίθη Ἰάκωβος λέγων· Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί, ἀκούσατέ μου.

meta de to sigesai aytoys apekrithe Iakobos legon· Andres adelphoi, akoysate moy.

KJV: And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men and brethren, hearken unto me:

AKJV: And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men and brothers, listen to me:

ASV: And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Brethren, hearken unto me:

YLT: and after they are silent, James answered, saying, `Men, brethren, hearken to me;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:13
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:13

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 13 James answered - He was evidently president of the council, and is generally called bishop of Jerusalem. The rest either argued on the subject, or gave their opinion; James alone pronounced the definitive sentence. Had Peter been prince and head of the apostles, and of the Church, he would have appeared here in the character of judge, not of mere counsellor or disputant. Thy popish writers say that "James presided because the council was held in his own church." These men forget that there was not then what they term a Church on the face of the earth. The Church, or assembly of believers, then met in private houses; for there was no building for the exclusive purpose of Christian worship then, nor till long after. These writers also forget that the pope pretends to be the head of the catholic or universal Church; and, consequently, no man can preside where he is present, but himself. Peter did not preside here; and this was the first ecclesiastical council, and now, if ever, he should have assumed his character of prince and chief; but he did not; nor did any of the other apostles invite him to it, which they would have done had they thought that Jesus Christ constituted him head of the Church. From this very circumstance there is the most demonstrative evidence that Peter was no pope, and that the right of his pretended successor is a nonentity.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:13

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Jerusalem
  • Church
  • The Church

Exposition: Acts 15:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men and brethren, hearken unto me:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:14

Greek
Συμεὼν ἐξηγήσατο καθὼς πρῶτον ὁ θεὸς ἐπεσκέψατο λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν ⸀λαὸν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ.

Symeon exegesato kathos proton o theos epeskepsato labein ex ethnon laon to onomati aytoy.

KJV: Simeon hath declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.

AKJV: Simeon has declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.

ASV: Symeon hath rehearsed how first God visited the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.

YLT: Simeon did declare how at first God did look after to take out of the nations a people for His name,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:14
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:14

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 14 Simeon hath declared - It is remarkable that James does not give him even the title which he received from our Lord at the time in which he is supposed to have been made head of the Church, and vicar of Christ upon earth; so that, it is evident, James did not understand our Lord as giving Peter any such pre-eminence; and, therefore, he does not even call him Peter, but simply Simeon. It is truly surprising that such a vast number of important pretensions should rest on such slight foundations! If tradition, no matter how interrupted or precarious, did not lend its support, feeble as that necessarily must be, the cause tried by plain Scripture would fall to the ground. To take out of them a people for his name - To form among the Gentiles, as he had among the Jews, a people called by his name and devoted to his honor.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:14

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Church
  • Peter
  • Simeon
  • Gentiles
  • Jews

Exposition: Acts 15:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Simeon hath declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:15

Greek
καὶ τούτῳ συμφωνοῦσιν οἱ λόγοι τῶν προφητῶν, καθὼς γέγραπται·

kai toyto symphonoysin oi logoi ton propheton, kathos gegraptai·

KJV: And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,

AKJV: And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,

ASV: And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,

YLT: and to this agree the words of the prophets, as it hath been written:

Commentary WitnessActs 15:15
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:15

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 15 And to this agree the words of the prophets - Peter had asserted the fact of the conversion of the Gentiles; and James shows that that fact was the fulfillment of declarations made by the prophets.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:15

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Gentiles

Exposition: Acts 15:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:16

Greek
Μετὰ ταῦτα ἀναστρέψω καὶ ἀνοικοδομήσω τὴν σκηνὴν Δαυὶδ τὴν πεπτωκυῖαν καὶ τὰ ⸀κατεσκαμμένα αὐτῆς ἀνοικοδομήσω καὶ ἀνορθώσω αὐτήν,

Meta tayta anastrepso kai anoikodomeso ten skenen Dayid ten peptokyian kai ta kateskammena aytes anoikodomeso kai anorthoso ayten,

KJV: After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:

AKJV: After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:

ASV: After these things I will return,

YLT: After these things I will turn back, and I will build again the tabernacle of David, that is fallen down, and its ruins I will build again, and will set it upright--

Commentary WitnessActs 15:16
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:16

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 16 After this I will return, and will build again, etc. - These two verses, 16th and 17th, are quoted from Amo 9:11, Amo 9:12, nearly as they now stand in the best editions of the Septuagint, and evidently taken from that version, which differs considerably from the Hebrew text. As St. James quoted them as a prophecy of the calling of the Gentiles into the Church of God, it is evident the Jews must have understood them in that sense, otherwise they would have immediately disputed his application of them to the subject in question, and have rejected his conclusion by denying the premises. But that the words were thus understood by the ancient Jews, we have their own testimony. In Sanhedr. fol. 69, we have these remarkable words: "Rabbi Nachman said to Rabbi Isaac, 'Whence art thou taught when Bar Naphli will come?' He saith unto him, 'Who is this Bar Naphli?' The other replied, 'He is the Messiah.' 'Dost thou then call the Messiah Bar Naphli?' 'Yes,' said he, 'for it is written, In that day I will build again the tabernacle of David, הנפלת Hanopheleth, which is falling down.'" This is evidently a quotation from Amo 9:11, and a proof that the Jews understood it to be a prophecy concerning the Messiah. See Lightfoot.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:16

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Septuagint
  • As St
  • Jews
  • In Sanhedr
  • Rabbi Isaac
  • Messiah
  • Yes
  • David
  • Hanopheleth
  • See Lightfoot

Exposition: Acts 15:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:17

Greek
ὅπως ἂν ἐκζητήσωσιν οἱ κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὸν κύριον, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπʼ αὐτούς, λέγει ⸀κύριος ποιῶν ⸀ταῦτα

opos an ekzetesosin oi kataloipoi ton anthropon ton kyrion, kai panta ta ethne eph oys epikekletai to onoma moy ep aytoys, legei kyrios poion tayta

KJV: That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.

AKJV: That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, on whom my name is called, says the Lord, who does all these things.

ASV: That the residue of men may seek after the Lord,

YLT: that the residue of men may seek after the Lord, and all the nations, upon whom My name hath been called, saith the Lord, who is doing all these things.

Commentary WitnessActs 15:17
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:17

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 17 That the residue of men might seek - Instead of this, the Hebrew has, That they may possess the remnant of Edom. Now it is evident that, in the copy from which the Seventy translated, they found ידרשו yidreshu, they might seek, instead of יירשו yireshu, they may possess, where the whole difference between the two words is the change of the י yod for a ד daleth, which might be easily done; and they found אדם adam, man, or men, instead of אדום Edom, the Idumeans, which differs from the other only by the insertion of ו vau between the two last letters. None of the MSS. collated by Kennicott and De Rossi confirm these readings, in which the Septuagint, Arabic, and St. James agree. It shows, however, that even in Jerusalem, and in the early part of the apostolic age, the Septuagint version was quoted in preference to the Hebrew text; or, what is tantamount, was quoted in cases where we would have thought the Hebrew text should have been preferred, because better understood. But God was evidently preparing the way of the Gospel by bringing this venerable version into general credit and use; which was to be the means of conveying the truths of Christianity to the whole Gentile world. How precious should this august and most important version be to every Christian, and especially to every Christian minister! A version, without which no man ever did or ever can critically understand the New Testament. And I may add that, without the assistance afforded by this version, there never could have been a correct translation of the Hebrew text, since that language ceased to be vernacular, into any language. Without it, even St. Jerome could have done little in translating the Old Testament into Latin; and how much all the modern versions owe to St. Jerome's Vulgate, which owes so much to the Septuagint, most Biblical scholars know.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:17

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Septuagint
  • Vulgate
  • Edom
  • Idumeans
  • Arabic
  • St
  • Jerusalem
  • Christian
  • New Testament
  • Latin

Exposition: Acts 15:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:18

Greek
γνωστὰ ἀπʼ ⸀αἰῶνος.

gnosta ap aionos.

KJV: Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world.

AKJV: Known to God are all his works from the beginning of the world.

ASV: Saith the Lord, who maketh these things known from of old.

YLT: `Known from the ages to God are all His works;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:18
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:18

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 18 Known unto God are all his works from the beginning - As if he had said, This is not a new counsel of God: he had purposed, from the time he called the Israelites, to make the Gentiles partakers of the same grace and mercy; and ultimately to destroy those rites and ceremonies which separated them from each other. He therefore has sent the Gospel of his Son, proclaiming equally peace to him that is afar off, the Gentiles, and to him that is nigh, the Jews. The whole of this verse is very dubious: the principal part of it is omitted by the most ancient MSS., and Griesbach has left γνωϚα απ' αιωνος doubtful, and has thrown εϚι τῳ Θεῳ παντα τα εργα αὑτου out of the text. Of the former clause, Professor White, in his Crisews, says, "forsitan delenda," "probably these words should be blotted out." And of the latter clause he says, "certissime delenda," "most assuredly these should be blotted out." Supposing the whole to be genuine, critics have labored to find out the sense. Some very learned men, and particularly Schleusner, contend that the word γνωϚα, from γινωσκειν, to know, should be understood here in the same sense in which ידא yada is in many parts of the Old Testament, which not only signifies to know, but to approve, love, etc. They therefore would translate the passage thus: All the works of God are ever dear unto him. And, if so, consequently we might naturally expect him to be merciful to the Gentiles, as well as to the Jews; and the evidence now afforded of the conversion of the Gentiles is an additional proof that all God's works are equally dear to him.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:18

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Israelites
  • Son
  • Gentiles
  • Jews
  • Professor White
  • Crisews
  • Schleusner
  • Old Testament
  • And

Exposition: Acts 15:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:19

Greek
διὸ ἐγὼ κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐπιστρέφουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν θεόν,

dio ego krino me parenochlein tois apo ton ethnon epistrephoysin epi ton theon,

KJV: Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God:

AKJV: Why my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God:

ASV: Wherefore my judgment is, that we trouble not them that from among the Gentiles turn to God;

YLT: wherefore I judge: not to trouble those who from the nations do turn back to God,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:19
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:19

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 19 Wherefore my sentence is - Διο εγω κρινω, Wherefore I judge. There is an authority here that does not appear in the speech of St. Peter; and this authority was felt and bowed to by all the council; and the decree proposed by St. James adopted.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:19

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • St
  • Peter

Exposition: Acts 15:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:20

Greek
ἀλλὰ ἐπιστεῖλαι αὐτοῖς τοῦ ⸀ἀπέχεσθαι τῶν ἀλισγημάτων τῶν εἰδώλων καὶ τῆς πορνείας καὶ ⸀τοῦ πνικτοῦ καὶ τοῦ αἵματος·

alla episteilai aytois toy apechesthai ton alisgematon ton eidolon kai tes porneias kai toy pniktoy kai toy aimatos·

KJV: But that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood.

AKJV: But that we write to them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood.

ASV: but that we write unto them, that they abstain from the pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from what is strangled, and from blood.

YLT: but to write to them to abstain from the pollutions of the idols, and the whoredom, and the strangled thing; and the blood;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:20
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:20

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 20 But that we write unto them - Four things are prohibited in this decree: 1. Pollutions of idols; 2. fornication; 3. things strangled; 4. blood. By the first, Pollutions of Idols, or, as it is in Act 15:25, meats offered to idols, not only all idolatry was forbidden, but eating things offered in sacrifice to idols, knowing that they were thus offered, and joining with idolaters in their sacred feasts, which were always an incentive either to idolatry itself, or to the impure acts generally attendant on such festivals. By the second, Fornication, all uncleanness of every kind was prohibited; for πορνεια not only means fornication, but adultery, incestuous mixtures, and especially the prostitution which was so common at the idol temples, viz. in Cyprus, at the worship of Venus; and the shocking disorders exhibited in the Bacchanalia, Lupercalia, and several others. By the third, Things Strangled, we are to understand the flesh of those animals which were strangled for the purpose of keeping the blood in the body, as such animals were esteemed a greater delicacy. By the fourth, Blood, we are to understand, not only the thing itself, for the reasons which I have assigned in the note on Gen 9:4, and for others detailed at the end of this chapter; but also all cruelty, manslaughter, murder, etc., as some of the ancient fathers have understood it. Instead of του αἱματος, blood, some have conjectured that we should read χοιρειας, swine's flesh; for they cannot see, first, that there can be any harm in eating of blood; and, secondly, that, as the other three things neither have nor can have any moral evil in them, it would seem strange that they should be coupled with a thing which, on all hands, is confessed to have much moral turpitude. Answers to such trifling objections will be found at the end of the chapter. It is only necessary to add that this χοιρειας, which is the critical emendation of Dr. Bentley, is not supported by one MS. or version in existence. At the close of this verse, the Codex Bezae, and several others, add a fifth thing, And not to do to others what they would not have done to themselves. Though this is a very ancient reading, it does not appear to be genuine.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:20

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 15:25
  • Gen 9:4

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Idols
  • Fornication
  • Cyprus
  • Venus
  • Bacchanalia
  • Lupercalia
  • Things Strangled
  • Blood
  • Dr
  • Bentley
  • Codex Bezae

Exposition: Acts 15:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:21

Greek
Μωϋσῆς γὰρ ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων κατὰ πόλιν τοὺς κηρύσσοντας αὐτὸν ἔχει ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς κατὰ πᾶν σάββατον ἀναγινωσκόμενος.

Moyses gar ek geneon archaion kata polin toys keryssontas ayton echei en tais synagogais kata pan sabbaton anaginoskomenos.

KJV: For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day.

AKJV: For Moses of old time has in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day.

ASV: For Moses from generations of old hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath.

YLT: for Moses from former generations in every city hath those preaching him--in the synagogues every sabbath being read.'

Commentary WitnessActs 15:21
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:21

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 21 Moses of old time hath in every city - The sense of this verse seems to be this: As it was necessary to write to the Gentiles what was strictly necessary to be observed by them, relative to these points, it was not so to the converted Jews; for they had Moses, that is, the law, preached to them, κατα πολιν, in the city, that is, Antioch; and, by the reading of the law in the synagogues every Sabbath day, they were kept in remembrance of those institutions which the Gentiles, who had not the law, could not know. Therefore, James thought that a letter to the converted Gentiles would be sufficient, as the converted Jews had already ample instruction on these points.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:21

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • Jews
  • Antioch
  • Gentiles
  • Therefore

Exposition: Acts 15:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:22

Greek
Τότε ἔδοξε τοῖς ἀποστόλοις καὶ τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις σὺν ὅλῃ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐκλεξαμένους ἄνδρας ἐξ αὐτῶν πέμψαι εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν σὺν ⸀τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ Βαρναβᾷ, Ἰούδαν τὸν ⸀καλούμενον Βαρσαββᾶν καὶ Σιλᾶν, ἄνδρας ἡγουμένους ἐν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς,

Tote edoxe tois apostolois kai tois presbyterois syn ole te ekklesia eklexamenoys andras ex ayton pempsai eis Antiocheian syn to Paylo kai Barnaba, Ioydan ton kaloymenon Barsabban kai Silan, andras egoymenoys en tois adelphois,

KJV: Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:

AKJV: Then pleased it the apostles and elders with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas and Silas, chief men among the brothers:

ASV: Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole church, to choose men out of their company, and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:

YLT: Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole assembly, chosen men out of themselves to send to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas--Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, leading men among the brethren--

Commentary WitnessActs 15:22
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:22

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 22 Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the whole Church - James determined what ought to be done; and the whole assembly resolved how that should be done. Chosen men of their own company - Paul and Barnabas were to return: they could have witnessed to the Church at Antioch what was done at the council at Jerusalem; but as it was possible that their testimony might be suspected, from the part they had already taken in this question at Antioch, it was necessary that a deputation from the council should accompany them. Accordingly Judas and Silas are sent to corroborate by their oral testimony what was contained in the letters sent from the council.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:22

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jerusalem
  • Antioch

Exposition: Acts 15:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:23

Greek
γράψαντες διὰ χειρὸς ⸀αὐτῶν· Οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ ⸀πρεσβύτεροι ἀδελφοὶ τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν καὶ Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν ἀδελφοῖς τοῖς ἐξ ἐθνῶν χαίρειν.

grapsantes dia cheiros ayton· Oi apostoloi kai oi presbyteroi adelphoi tois kata ten Antiocheian kai Syrian kai Kilikian adelphois tois ex ethnon chairein.

KJV: And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles and elders and brethren send greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia:

AKJV: And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles and elders and brothers send greeting to the brothers which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia.

ASV: and they wrote thus by them, The apostles and the elders, brethren, unto the brethren who are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, greeting:

YLT: having written through their hand thus: `The apostles, and the elders, and the brethren, to those in Antioch, and Syria, and Cilicia, brethren, who are of the nations, greeting;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:23
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:23

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 23 Send greeting unto the brethren - of the Gentiles - There was no occasion to send such a letter to the brethren which were of the Jews, because that law which had been so long read in their synagogues taught them all those things; and therefore the epistle is sent exclusively to the Gentiles. The word greeting is in the original χαιρειν, to be well, to be safe; a very usual form in Greek epistles, the word ευχομαι being understood, I wish thee to be well.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:23

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jews
  • Gentiles

Exposition: Acts 15:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles and elders and brethren send greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:24

Greek
ἐπειδὴ ἠκούσαμεν ὅτι τινὲς ἐξ ἡμῶν ⸀ἐξελθόντες ἐτάραξαν ὑμᾶς λόγοις ἀνασκευάζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς ⸀ὑμῶν οἷς οὐ διεστειλάμεθα,

epeide ekoysamen oti tines ex emon exelthontes etaraxan ymas logois anaskeyazontes tas psychas ymon ois oy diesteilametha,

KJV: Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:

AKJV: For as much as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, You must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:

ASV: Forasmuch as we have heard that certain who went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls; to whom we gave no commandment;

YLT: seeing we have heard that certain having gone forth from us did trouble you with words, subverting your souls, saying to be circumcised and to keep the law, to whom we did give no charge,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:24
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:24

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 24 Certain which went out from us - So the persons who produced these doubtful disputations at Antioch, etc., had gone out from the apostles at Jerusalem, and were of that Church: persons zealous for the law, and yet, strange to tell, so conscientiously attached to the Gospel that they risked their personal safety by professing it. To whom we gave no such commandment - As, therefore, they went out from that Church, they should have taught nothing which was not owned and taught by it; much less should they have taught in opposition to it.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:24

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Antioch
  • Jerusalem
  • Church
  • As

Exposition: Acts 15:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:25

Greek
ἔδοξεν ἡμῖν γενομένοις ὁμοθυμαδὸν ⸀ἐκλεξαμένοις ἄνδρας πέμψαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς σὺν τοῖς ἀγαπητοῖς ἡμῶν Βαρναβᾷ καὶ Παύλῳ,

edoxen emin genomenois omothymadon eklexamenois andras pempsai pros ymas syn tois agapetois emon Barnaba kai Paylo,

KJV: It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,

AKJV: It seemed good to us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,

ASV: it seemed good unto us, having come to one accord, to choose out men and send them unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,

YLT: it seemed good to us, having come together with one accord, chosen men to send unto you, with our beloved Barnabas and Paul--

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 15:25
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 15:25

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 15:25 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:25

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 15:25

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Paul

Exposition: Acts 15:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:26

Greek
ἀνθρώποις παραδεδωκόσι τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.

anthropois paradedokosi tas psychas ayton yper toy onomatos toy kyrioy emon Iesoy Christoy.

KJV: Men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

AKJV: Men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

ASV: men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

YLT: men who have given up their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ--

Commentary WitnessActs 15:26
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:26

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 26 Men that have hazarded their lives - This was a high character of Paul and Barnabas: they had already suffered much in the cause of Christ, and exposed their lives to the most imminent danger, and were intent on the same work, notwithstanding the increasing dangers in the way.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:26

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Barnabas
  • Christ

Exposition: Acts 15:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:27

Greek
ἀπεστάλκαμεν οὖν Ἰούδαν καὶ Σιλᾶν, καὶ αὐτοὺς διὰ λόγου ἀπαγγέλλοντας τὰ αὐτά.

apestalkamen oyn Ioydan kai Silan, kai aytoys dia logoy apaggellontas ta ayta.

KJV: We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth.

AKJV: We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth.

ASV: We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who themselves also shall tell you the same things by word of mouth.

YLT: we have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas, and they by word are telling the same things.

Commentary WitnessActs 15:27
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:27

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 27 Judas and Silas - shall - tell you the same things - These were proofs that the testimony of Paul and Barnabas was true; and that the letter was not forged, as they could witness the same things which the letter contained.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:27

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 15:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:28

Greek
ἔδοξεν γὰρ τῷ ⸂πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ⸃ καὶ ἡμῖν μηδὲν πλέον ἐπιτίθεσθαι ὑμῖν βάρος πλὴν ⸂τούτων τῶν ἐπάναγκες⸃,

edoxen gar to pneymati to agio kai emin meden pleon epitithesthai ymin baros plen toyton ton epanagkes,

KJV: For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things;

AKJV: For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay on you no greater burden than these necessary things;

ASV: For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things:

YLT: `For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, no more burden to lay upon you, except these necessary things:

Commentary WitnessActs 15:28
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:28

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 28 For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us - The whole council had met under his direction; had consulted under his influence; and gave forth their decree from his especial inspiration. Necessary things - They were necessary, howsoever burthensome they might appear; and necessary, not only for the time, place, or occasion; but for all times, all places, and all occasions. See this proved in the observations at the end of this chapter.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:28

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Holy Ghost

Exposition: Acts 15:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:29

Greek
ἀπέχεσθαι εἰδωλοθύτων καὶ αἵματος καὶ ⸀πνικτῶν καὶ πορνείας· ἐξ ὧν διατηροῦντες ἑαυτοὺς εὖ πράξετε. ἔρρωσθε.

apechesthai eidolothyton kai aimatos kai pnikton kai porneias· ex on diateroyntes eaytoys ey praxete. errosthe.

KJV: That ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well.

AKJV: That you abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if you keep yourselves, you shall do well. Fare you well.

ASV: that ye abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication; from which if ye keep yourselves, it shall be well with you. Fare ye well.

YLT: to abstain from things offered to idols, and blood, and a strangled thing, and whoredom; from which keeping yourselves, ye shall do well; be strong!'

Commentary WitnessActs 15:29
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:29

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 29 Ye shall do well - But, if they did not keep themselves from these things, they would do ill; that is, they would sin against God, whose Spirit had commanded them to keep from these things. And who can do any of these forbidden things, and keep either a guiltless or a tender conscience? Fare-well - An old English form of expressing good wishes and good will. It is compounded of to go, and much, well, very much. Go well, go prosperously! - tantamount with good speed! may you succeed well! may God direct you! Like to that other form of sound words, God be with you! corrupted now into good by to ye! And of the same meaning with adieu! a Dieu, to God; that is, I commend you to God. All these terms savour not only of good will, or benevolence, but also of piety. Our pious ancestors believed that nothing was safe, nothing protected, nothing prosperous, over which the shield of God was not extended; and, therefore, in their familiar good wishes, they gave each other to God. The Greek word ερῥωσθε, errhosthe, here used, from ῥωννυμι, to strengthen, make strong, has nearly the same signification: be strong, courageous, active, be in health, and be prosperous! What a pity that such benevolent and pious wishes should degenerate into cool formalities, or unmeaning compliments!

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:29

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • But
  • Dieu

Exposition: Acts 15:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:30

Greek
Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀπολυθέντες ⸀κατῆλθον εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, καὶ συναγαγόντες τὸ πλῆθος ἐπέδωκαν τὴν ἐπιστολήν·

Oi men oyn apolythentes katelthon eis Antiocheian, kai synagagontes to plethos epedokan ten epistolen·

KJV: So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle:

AKJV: So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the letter:

ASV: So they, when they were dismissed, came down to Antioch; and having gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle.

YLT: They then, indeed, having been let go, went to Antioch, and having brought the multitude together, did deliver the epistle,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 15:30
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 15:30

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 15:30 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle:'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:30

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 15:30

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Antioch

Exposition: Acts 15:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:31

Greek
ἀναγνόντες δὲ ἐχάρησαν ἐπὶ τῇ παρακλήσει.

anagnontes de echaresan epi te paraklesei.

KJV: Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation.

AKJV: Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation.

ASV: And when they had read it, they rejoiced for the consolation.

YLT: and they having read, did rejoice for the consolation;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:31
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:31

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 31 They rejoiced for the consolation - It was not a matter of small moment to have a question on which such stress was laid decided by an apostolic council, over which the Spirit of God presided.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:31

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 15:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:32

Greek
Ἰούδας τε καὶ Σιλᾶς, καὶ αὐτοὶ προφῆται ὄντες, διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ παρεκάλεσαν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς καὶ ἐπεστήριξαν·

Ioydas te kai Silas, kai aytoi prophetai ontes, dia logoy polloy parekalesan toys adelphoys kai epesterixan·

KJV: And Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them.

AKJV: And Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves, exhorted the brothers with many words, and confirmed them.

ASV: And Judas and Silas, being themselves also prophets, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them.

YLT: Judas also and Silas, being themselves also prophets, through much discourse did exhort the brethren, and confirm,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:32
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:32

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 32 Judas and Silas, being prophets - That is, being teachers in the Church. This signification of the word prophet we have often already seen. See the notes on Act 11:27; Act 13:1. Exhorted the brethren - To abide steadily attached to God, and to each other, in peace, love, and unity. And confirmed them - In the blessed truths they had already received.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:32

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 11:27
  • Act 13:1

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Silas
  • Church

Exposition: Acts 15:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:33

Greek
ποιήσαντες δὲ χρόνον ἀπελύθησαν μετʼ εἰρήνης ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν πρὸς τοὺς ⸂ἀποστείλαντας αὐτούς⸃.

poiesantes de chronon apelythesan met eirenes apo ton adelphon pros toys aposteilantas aytoys.

KJV: And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in peace from the brethren unto the apostles.

AKJV: And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in peace from the brothers to the apostles.

ASV: And after they had spent some time there, they were dismissed in peace from the brethren unto those that had sent them forth.

YLT: and having passed some time, they were let go with peace from the brethren unto the apostles;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:33
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:33

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 33 They were let go - That is, both had liberty to depart; but Silas chose to stay a little longer with the brethren.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:33

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 15:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in peace from the brethren unto the apostles.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:34

KJV: Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still.

AKJV: Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still.

YLT: and it seemed good to Silas to remain there still.

Commentary WitnessActs 15:34
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:34

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 34 Notwithstanding it pleased Silas, etc. - This whole verse is wanting in ABEG, a great number besides, with the Syriac, Arabic, Coptic, Slavonic, Vulgate, and some of the fathers. It does not appear to have been originally in the text.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:34

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Vulgate
  • Silas
  • Syriac
  • Arabic
  • Coptic
  • Slavonic

Exposition: Acts 15:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:35

Greek
Παῦλος δὲ καὶ Βαρναβᾶς διέτριβον ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ διδάσκοντες καὶ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι μετὰ καὶ ἑτέρων πολλῶν τὸν λόγον τοῦ κυρίου.

Paylos de kai Barnabas dietribon en Antiocheia didaskontes kai eyaggelizomenoi meta kai eteron pollon ton logon toy kyrioy.

KJV: Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.

AKJV: Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also. ¶

ASV: But Paul and Barnabas tarried in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.

YLT: And Paul and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and proclaiming good news--with many others also--the word of the Lord;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 15:35
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 15:35

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 15:35 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:35

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 15:35

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Antioch
  • Lord

Exposition: Acts 15:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:36

Greek
Μετὰ δέ τινας ἡμέρας εἶπεν ⸂πρὸς Βαρναβᾶν Παῦλος⸃· Ἐπιστρέψαντες δὴ ἐπισκεψώμεθα τοὺς ⸀ἀδελφοὺς κατὰ ⸂πόλιν πᾶσαν⸃ ἐν αἷς κατηγγείλαμεν τὸν λόγον τοῦ κυρίου, πῶς ἔχουσιν.

Meta de tinas emeras eipen pros Barnaban Paylos· Epistrepsantes de episkepsometha toys adelphoys kata polin pasan en ais kateggeilamen ton logon toy kyrioy, pos echoysin.

KJV: And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.

AKJV: And some days after Paul said to Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brothers in every city where we have preached the word of the LORD, and see how they do.

ASV: And after some days Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us return now and visit the brethren in every city wherein we proclaimed the word of the Lord, and see how they fare.

YLT: and after certain days, Paul said unto Barnabas, `Having turned back again, we may look after our brethren, in every city in which we have preached the word of the Lord--how they are.'

Commentary WitnessActs 15:36
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:36

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 36 Let us go - and visit our brethren in every city - This heavenly man projected a journey to Cyprus, Pamphylia, Pisidia, Lycaonia, Salamis, Paphos, Perga, Iconium, Lystra, Derbe, Antioch in Pisidia, and elsewhere; for in all these places he had preached and founded Churches in the preceding year. He saw it was necessary to water the seed he had planted; for these were young converts, surrounded with impiety, opposition, and superstition, and had few advantages among themselves.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:36

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Cyprus
  • Pamphylia
  • Pisidia
  • Lycaonia
  • Salamis
  • Paphos
  • Perga
  • Iconium
  • Lystra
  • Derbe

Exposition: Acts 15:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:37

Greek
Βαρναβᾶς δὲ ⸀ἐβούλετο συμπαραλαβεῖν ⸀καὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην τὸν καλούμενον Μᾶρκον·

Barnabas de eboyleto symparalabein kai ton Ioannen ton kaloymenon Markon·

KJV: And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.

AKJV: And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.

ASV: And Barnabas was minded to take with them John also, who was called Mark.

YLT: And Barnabas counselled to take with them John called Mark,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:37
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:37

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 37 Barnabas determined to take with them John - John Mark was his sister's son; and natural affection might have led him to the partiality here mentioned.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:37

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 15:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:38

Greek
Παῦλος δὲ ἠξίου, τὸν ἀποστάντα ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἀπὸ Παμφυλίας καὶ μὴ συνελθόντα αὐτοῖς εἰς τὸ ἔργον, μὴ ⸀συμπαραλαμβάνειν τοῦτον.

Paylos de exioy, ton apostanta ap ayton apo Pamphylias kai me synelthonta aytois eis to ergon, me symparalambanein toyton.

KJV: But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.

AKJV: But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.

ASV: But Paul thought not good to take with them him who withdrew from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.

YLT: and Paul was not thinking it good to take him with them who withdrew from them from Pamphylia, and did not go with them to the work;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 15:38
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 15:38

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 15:38 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:38

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 15:38

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Pamphylia

Exposition: Acts 15:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:39

Greek
ἐγένετο ⸀δὲ παροξυσμὸς ὥστε ἀποχωρισθῆναι αὐτοὺς ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων, τόν τε Βαρναβᾶν παραλαβόντα τὸν Μᾶρκον ἐκπλεῦσαι εἰς Κύπρον,

egeneto de paroxysmos oste apochoristhenai aytoys ap allelon, ton te Barnaban paralabonta ton Markon ekpleysai eis Kypron,

KJV: And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;

AKJV: And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed to Cyprus;

ASV: And there arose a sharp contention, so that they parted asunder one from the other, and Barnabas took Mark with him, and sailed away unto Cyprus:

YLT: there came, therefore, a sharp contention, so that they were parted from one another, and Barnabas having taken Mark, did sail to Cyprus,

Commentary WitnessActs 15:39
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:39

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 39 The contention was so sharp between them - For all this sentence, there is only in the Greek text εγενετο ουν παροξυσμος; there was therefore a paroxysm, an incitement, a stirring up, from παροξυνω, compounded of παρα, intensive, and οξυνω, to whet, or sharpen: there was a sharp contention. But does this imply anger or ill-will on either side? Certainly not. Here, these two apostles differed, and were strenuous, each in support of the part he had adopted. "Paul," as an ancient Greek commentator has it, "being influenced only with the love of righteousness; Barnabas being actuated by love to his relative." John Mark had been tried in trying circumstances, and he failed; Paul, therefore, would not trust him again. The affection of Barnabas led him to hope the best, and was therefore desirous to give him another trial. Barnabas would not give up: Paul would not agree. They therefore agreed to depart from each other, and take different parts of the work: each had an attendant and companion at hand; so Barnabas took John Mark, and sailed to Cyprus: Paul took Silas, and went into Syria. John Mark proved faithful to his uncle Barnabas; and Silas proved faithful to his master Paul. To all human appearance it was best that they separated; as the Churches were more speedily visited, and the work of God more widely and more rapidly spread. And why is it that most men attach blame to this difference between Paul and Barnabas? And why is it that this is brought in as a proof of the sinful imperfection of these holy apostles? Because those who thus treat the subject can never differ with another without feeling wrong tempers; and then, as destitute of good breeding as they are of humility, they attribute to others the angry, proud, and wrathful dispositions which they feel in themselves; and, because they cannot be angry and sin not, they suppose that even apostles themselves cannot. Thus, in fact, we are always bringing our own moral or immoral qualifications to be a standard, by which we are to judge of the characters and moral feelings of men who were actuated by zeal for God's glory, brotherly kindness, and charity. Should any man say there was sin in this contention between Paul and Barnabas, I answer, there is no evidence of this in the text. Should he say, the word παροξυσμος, paroxysm, denotes this, I answer, it does not. And the verb παροξυνομαι is often used in a good sense. So Isocrates ad Demosth. cap. xx. μαλιϚα δ' αν παροξυνθειης ορεχθηναι των καλων εργων· "But thou wilt be the more stirred up to the love of good works." And such persons forget that this is the very form used by the apostle himself, Heb 10:24 : και κατανοωμεν αλληλους εις παροξυσμον αγαπης και καλων εργων· which, these objectors would be highly displeased with me, were I to translate, Let us consider one another to an angry contention of love and good works. From these examples, it appears that the word is used to signify incitement of any kind; and, if taken in a medical sense, to express the burning fit of an ague: it is also taken to express a strong excitement to the love of God and man, and to the fruits by which such love can be best proved; and, in the case before us, there was certainly nothing contrary to this pure principle in either of those heavenly men. See also Kypke on Heb 10:24.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:39

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Heb 10:24

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Here
  • Paul
  • John Mark
  • Cyprus
  • Silas
  • Syria
  • Barnabas
  • Thus
  • Demosth

Exposition: Acts 15:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:40

Greek
Παῦλος δὲ ἐπιλεξάμενος Σιλᾶν ἐξῆλθεν παραδοθεὶς τῇ χάριτι τοῦ ⸀κυρίου ὑπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν,

Paylos de epilexamenos Silan exelthen paradotheis te chariti toy kyrioy ypo ton adelphon,

KJV: And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.

AKJV: And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brothers to the grace of God.

ASV: but Paul chose Silas, and went forth, being commended by the brethren to the grace of the Lord.

YLT: and Paul having chosen Silas, went forth, having been given up to the grace of God by the brethren;

Commentary WitnessActs 15:40
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:40

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 40 Being recommended - unto the grace of God - Much stress has been laid upon this, to show that Barnabas was in the wrong, and Paul in the right, because "the brethren recommended Paul and Silas to the grace of God; but they did not recommend Barnabas and John Mark: this proves that the Church condemned the conduct of Barnabas, but approved that of Paul." Now, there is no proof that the Church did not recommend Barnabas to the grace of God, as well as Paul; but, as St. Luke had for the present dropped the story of Barnabas, and was now going on with that of Paul and Silas, he begins it at this point, viz. his being recommended by the brethren to the grace of God; and then goes on to tell of his progress in Syria, Derbe, Lystra, etc., etc. See the next chapter. And with this verse should the following chapter begin; and this is the division followed by the most correct copies of the Greek text.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:40

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • John Mark
  • Barnabas
  • Paul
  • Now
  • St
  • Silas
  • Syria
  • Derbe
  • Lystra

Exposition: Acts 15:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 15:41

Greek
διήρχετο δὲ τὴν Συρίαν καὶ ⸀τὴν Κιλικίαν ἐπιστηρίζων τὰς ἐκκλησίας.

diercheto de ten Syrian kai ten Kilikian episterizon tas ekklesias.

KJV: And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.

AKJV: And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.

ASV: And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.

YLT: and he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the assemblies.

Commentary WitnessActs 15:41
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 15:41

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 41 Confirming the Churches - This was the object of his journey: they were young converts, and had need of establishment; and there is no doubt that, by showing them the decision made at the late council of Jerusalem, their faith was greatly strengthened, their hope confirmed, and their love increased. It was this consideration, no doubt, that led some ancient MSS. and some versions to add here, They delivered them the decrees of the apostles and elders to keep; which clause certainly was not an original part of the text, but seems to have been borrowed from the fourth verse of the following chapter. Some have thought that the fourth and fifth verses of the next chapter really belong to this place; or that the first, second, and third verses of it should be read in a parenthesis; but of this there does not appear to be any particular necessity.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 15:41

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jerusalem

Exposition: Acts 15:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.

Scholarly apparatus

Commentary citation index

This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.

Direct commentary witnesses

37

Generated editorial witnesses

4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Canonical references surfaced in commentary

  • Act 15:1
  • Act 15:2
  • Act 15:3-5
  • Act 15:6-11
  • Act 15:12
  • Act 15:13-21
  • Act 15:22
  • Act 15:23-29
  • Act 15:30-32
  • Act 15:33-35
  • Act 15:36-38
  • Act 15:39
  • Act 15:40
  • Act 15:41
  • Acts 15:1
  • Gal 2:1-5
  • Gal 2:2
  • Acts 15:2
  • Acts 15:3
  • Gal 2:9
  • Act 9:26
  • Act 11:30
  • Acts 15:4
  • Acts 15:5
  • Acts 15:6
  • Acts 10:1-48
  • Acts 15:7
  • Act 1:24
  • Acts 15:8
  • Acts 15:9
  • Acts 15:10
  • Acts 15:11
  • Acts 15:12
  • Acts 15:13
  • Acts 15:14
  • Acts 15:15
  • Acts 15:16
  • Acts 15:17
  • Acts 15:18
  • Acts 15:19
  • Act 15:25
  • Gen 9:4
  • Acts 15:20
  • Acts 15:21
  • Acts 15:22
  • Acts 15:23
  • Acts 15:24
  • Acts 15:25
  • Acts 15:26
  • Acts 15:27
  • Acts 15:28
  • Acts 15:29
  • Acts 15:30
  • Acts 15:31
  • Act 11:27
  • Act 13:1
  • Acts 15:32
  • Acts 15:33
  • Acts 15:34
  • Acts 15:35
  • Acts 15:36
  • Acts 15:37
  • Acts 15:38
  • Heb 10:24
  • Acts 15:39
  • Acts 15:40
  • Acts 15:41

Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary

  • Jerusalem
  • Gentiles
  • Antioch
  • Syria
  • Cilicia
  • Barnabas
  • John Mark
  • Cyprus
  • And Paul
  • Silas
  • Churches
  • Christianity
  • Mosaic
  • Church
  • Galatia
  • Jesus
  • Christian Church
  • Paul
  • Codex Bezae
  • St
  • Ovid
  • Cornelius
  • Pisidia
  • Pamphylia
  • Lycaonia
  • John
  • Peter
  • James
  • Pharisees
  • Cerinthus
  • Gospel
  • Almighty
  • Christ Jesus
  • Holy Ghost
  • New Testament
  • Christ
  • Holy Spirit
  • Midrash Shochar
  • Yalkut Simeoni
  • See Schoettgen
  • Jews
  • No
  • Lord Jesus Christ
  • Lord Jesus
  • Moses
  • As God
  • The Church
  • Simeon
  • Septuagint
  • As St
  • In Sanhedr
  • Rabbi Isaac
  • Messiah
  • Yes
  • David
  • Hanopheleth
  • See Lightfoot
  • Vulgate
  • Edom
  • Idumeans
  • Arabic
  • Christian
  • Latin
  • Israelites
  • Son
  • Professor White
  • Crisews
  • Schleusner
  • Old Testament
  • And
  • Idols
  • Fornication
  • Venus
  • Bacchanalia
  • Lupercalia
  • Things Strangled
  • Blood
  • Dr
  • Bentley
  • Therefore
  • As
  • But
  • Dieu
  • Syriac
  • Coptic
  • Slavonic
  • Lord
  • Salamis
  • Paphos
  • Perga
  • Iconium
  • Lystra
  • Derbe
  • Here
  • Thus
  • Demosth
  • Now
Book directory Open the 66-book reader directory Use this when you need a specific book. The passage reader above stays first.
Book explorer

Choose a book and open the reader.

Each card opens chapter 1 for that canonical book. The directory is here for navigation, not as the first thing a visitor has to read.

Examples: Genesis, Psalms, Gospels, prophets, Romans, Revelation.

Old Testament Law

Genesis

Rendered chapters 1–50 are mapped to the public reader path for Genesis. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 50 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Genesis

Open Genesis

Old Testament Law

Exodus

Rendered chapters 1–40 are mapped to the public reader path for Exodus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 40 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Exodus

Open Exodus

Old Testament Law

Leviticus

Rendered chapters 1–27 are mapped to the public reader path for Leviticus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 27 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Leviticus

Open Leviticus

Old Testament Law

Numbers

Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for Numbers. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 36 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Numbers

Open Numbers

Old Testament Law

Deuteronomy

Rendered chapters 1–34 are mapped to the public reader path for Deuteronomy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 34 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Deuteronomy

Open Deuteronomy

Old Testament History

Joshua

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Joshua. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joshua

Open Joshua

Old Testament History

Judges

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for Judges. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Judges

Open Judges

Old Testament History

Ruth

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Ruth. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ruth

Open Ruth

Old Testament History

1 Samuel

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Samuel

Open 1 Samuel

Old Testament History

2 Samuel

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Samuel

Open 2 Samuel

Old Testament History

1 Kings

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Kings

Open 1 Kings

Old Testament History

2 Kings

Rendered chapters 1–25 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 25 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Kings

Open 2 Kings

Old Testament History

1 Chronicles

Rendered chapters 1–29 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 29 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Chronicles

Open 1 Chronicles

Old Testament History

2 Chronicles

Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 36 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Chronicles

Open 2 Chronicles

Old Testament History

Ezra

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezra

Open Ezra

Old Testament History

Nehemiah

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nehemiah

Open Nehemiah

Old Testament History

Esther

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Esther

Open Esther

Old Testament Wisdom

Job

Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 42 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Job

Open Job

Old Testament Wisdom

Psalms

Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 150 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Psalms

Open Psalms

Old Testament Wisdom

Proverbs

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Proverbs

Open Proverbs

Old Testament Wisdom

Ecclesiastes

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ecclesiastes

Open Ecclesiastes

Old Testament Wisdom

Song of Solomon

Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 8 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Song of Solomon

Open Song of Solomon

Old Testament Prophets

Isaiah

Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 66 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Isaiah

Open Isaiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jeremiah

Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 52 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jeremiah

Open Jeremiah

Old Testament Prophets

Lamentations

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Lamentations

Open Lamentations

Old Testament Prophets

Ezekiel

Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 48 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezekiel

Open Ezekiel

Old Testament Prophets

Daniel

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Daniel

Open Daniel

Old Testament Prophets

Hosea

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hosea

Open Hosea

Old Testament Prophets

Joel

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joel

Open Joel

Old Testament Prophets

Amos

Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 9 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Amos

Open Amos

Old Testament Prophets

Obadiah

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Obadiah

Open Obadiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jonah

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jonah

Open Jonah

Old Testament Prophets

Micah

Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 7 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Micah

Open Micah

Old Testament Prophets

Nahum

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nahum

Open Nahum

Old Testament Prophets

Habakkuk

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Habakkuk

Open Habakkuk

Old Testament Prophets

Zephaniah

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zephaniah

Open Zephaniah

Old Testament Prophets

Haggai

Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 2 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Haggai

Open Haggai

Old Testament Prophets

Zechariah

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zechariah

Open Zechariah

Old Testament Prophets

Malachi

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Malachi

Open Malachi

New Testament Gospels

Matthew

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Matthew

Open Matthew

New Testament Gospels

Mark

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Mark

Open Mark

New Testament Gospels

Luke

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Luke

Open Luke

New Testament Gospels

John

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for John

Open John

New Testament History

Acts

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Acts

Open Acts

New Testament Letters

Romans

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Romans

Open Romans

New Testament Letters

1 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Corinthians

Open 1 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

2 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Corinthians

Open 2 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

Galatians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Galatians

Open Galatians

New Testament Letters

Ephesians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ephesians

Open Ephesians

New Testament Letters

Philippians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philippians

Open Philippians

New Testament Letters

Colossians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Colossians

Open Colossians

New Testament Letters

1 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Thessalonians

Open 1 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

2 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Thessalonians

Open 2 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

1 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Timothy

Open 1 Timothy

New Testament Letters

2 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Timothy

Open 2 Timothy

New Testament Letters

Titus

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Titus

Open Titus

New Testament Letters

Philemon

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philemon

Open Philemon

New Testament Letters

Hebrews

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hebrews

Open Hebrews

New Testament Letters

James

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for James

Open James

New Testament Letters

1 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Peter

Open 1 Peter

New Testament Letters

2 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Peter

Open 2 Peter

New Testament Letters

1 John

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 John

Open 1 John

New Testament Letters

2 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 John

Open 2 John

New Testament Letters

3 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 3 John

Open 3 John

New Testament Letters

Jude

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jude

Open Jude

New Testament Apocalypse

Revelation

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Revelation

Open Revelation

What this explorer shows today

The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.

Return to Apologetics Bible Use Bible Insights Use Bible Data

Scroll to Top