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Apologetics Bible

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Published chapter Reader summary first Acts live Chapter 7 of 28 60 verse waypoints 60 commentary witnesses

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Acts 7 — Acts 7

Connected primary witness
  • Connected ID: Acts_7
  • Primary Witness Text: Then said the high priest, Are these things so? And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran, And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee. Then came he out of the land of the Chaldeans, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell. And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child. And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years. And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place. And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs. And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him, And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house. Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: ...

Connected dataset overlay
  • Connected ID: Acts_7
  • Chapter Blob Preview: Then said the high priest, Are these things so? And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran, And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee. Then came he out of the land of the Chaldeans, and dwelt ...

Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.

Chapter frame

Acts (c. AD 62) is the pivot-document of redemptive history: the Spirit-empowered proclamation of the risen Christ from Jerusalem to Rome. As the second volume of Luke's work, it provides the historical framework for all the NT epistles.

Luke's accuracy in Acts receives substantial archaeological confirmation via the work of William Ramsay, who set out to disprove Acts and was converted by its precision — titles, place names, sea routes, civic procedures — all matching 1st-century realia. Paul's missionary journeys are among the most historically verifiable movements in ancient biography.


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Verse-by-verse study lane

Acts 7:1

Greek
Εἶπεν δὲ ὁ ἀρχιερεύς· ⸀Εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει;

Eipen de o archiereys· Ei tayta oytos echei;

KJV: Then said the high priest, Are these things so?

AKJV: Then said the high priest, Are these things so?

ASV: And the high priest said, Are these things so?

YLT: And the chief priest said, `Are then these things so?'

Commentary WitnessActs 7:1
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:1

Quoted commentary witness

Stephen, being permitted to answer for himself relative to the charge of blasphemy brought against him by his accusers, gives a circumstantial relation of the call of Abraham, when he dwelt in Mesopotamia, in Charran, etc., Act 7:1-8. The history of Jacob and Joseph, Act 7:9-17. The persecution of their fathers in Egypt, Act 7:18, Act 7:19. The history of Moses and his acts till the exodus from Egypt, vv. 20-37. The rebellion and idolatry of the Israelites in the wilderness, Act 7:38-43 The erection of the tabernacle of witness, which continued till the time of David, Act 7:44-46. Of the temple built by Solomon for that God who cannot be confined to temples built by hands, Act 7:47-50. Being probably interrupted in the prosecution of his discourse, he urges home the charge of rebellion against God, persecution of his prophets, the murder of Christ, and neglect of their own law against them, Act 7:51-53. They are filled with indignation, and proceed to violence, Act 7:54. He sees the glory of God, and Christ at the right hand of the Father; and declares the glorious vision, Act 7:55, Act 7:56. They rush upon him, drag him out of the city, and stone him, Act 7:57, Act 7:58. He involves the Lord Jesus, prays for his murderers, and expires, Act 7:59, Act 7:60. Verse 1 Are these things so? - Hast thou predicted the destruction of the temple? And hast thou said that Jesus of Nazareth shall change our customs, abolish our religious rites and temple service? Hast thou spoken these blasphemous things against Moses, and against God? Here was some color of justice; for Stephen was permitted to defend himself. And, in order to do this he thought it best to enter into a detail of their history from the commencement of their nation; and thus show how kindly God had dealt with them, and how ungraciously they and their fathers had requited Him. And all this naturally led him to the conclusion, that God could no longer bear with a people the cup of whose iniquity had been long overflowing; and therefore they might expect to find wrath, without mixture of mercy. But how could St. Luke get all this circumstantial account? He might have been present, and heard the whole; or, more probably, he had the account from St. Paul, whose companion he was, and who was certainly present when St. Stephen was judged and stoned, for he was consenting to his death, and kept the clothes of them who stoned him. See Act 7:58; Act 8:1; Act 22:20.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 7:1-8
  • Act 7:9-17
  • Act 7:18
  • Act 7:19
  • Act 7:38-43
  • Act 7:44-46
  • Act 7:47-50
  • Act 7:51-53
  • Act 7:54
  • Act 7:55
  • Act 7:56
  • Act 7:57
  • Act 7:58
  • Act 7:59
  • Act 7:60
  • Act 8:1
  • Act 22:20

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Moses
  • Jesus
  • Stephen
  • Abraham
  • Mesopotamia
  • Charran
  • Joseph
  • Egypt
  • David
  • Christ
  • Father
  • Lord Jesus
  • And
  • Him
  • St
  • Paul

Exposition: Acts 7:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then said the high priest, Are these things so?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:2

Greek
ὁ δὲ ἔφη· Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες, ἀκούσατε· Ὁ θεὸς τῆς δόξης ὤφθη τῷ πατρὶ ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ ὄντι ἐν τῇ Μεσοποταμίᾳ πρὶν ἢ κατοικῆσαι αὐτὸν ἐν Χαρράν,

o de ephe· Andres adelphoi kai pateres, akoysate· O theos tes doxes ophthe to patri emon Abraam onti en te Mesopotamia prin e katoikesai ayton en Charran,

KJV: And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran,

AKJV: And he said, Men, brothers, and fathers, listen; The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelled in Charran,

ASV: And he said, Brethren and fathers, hearken: The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Haran,

YLT: and he said, `Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken: The God of the glory did appear to our father Abraham, being in Mesopotamia, before his dwelling in Haran,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:2
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:2

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 2 Men, brethren, and fathers - Rather, brethren and fathers, for ανδρες should not be translated separately from αδελφοι. Literally it is men-brethren, a very usual form in Greek; for every person knows that ανδρες Αθηναιοι and ανδρες Περσαι should not be translated men-Athenians and men-Persians, but simply Athenians and Persians. See Act 17:22. So, in Luk 2:15, ανθρωποι ποιμενες should be translated shepherds, not men-shepherds. And ανθρωπος βασιλευς Mat 18:23, should not be translated man-king, but king, simply. By translating as we do, men, brethren, and fathers, and putting a comma after men, we make Stephen address three classes, when in fact there were but two: the elders and scribes, whom he addressed as fathers; and the common people, whom he calls brethren. See Bp. Pearce, and see Act 8:27. The God of glory appeared, etc. - As Stephen was now vindicating himself from the false charges brought against him, he shows that he had uttered no blasphemy, either against God, Moses, or the temple; but states that his accusers, and the Jews in general, were guilty of the faults with which they charged him: that they had from the beginning rejected and despised Moses, and had always violated his laws. He proceeds to state that there is no blasphemy in saying that the temple shall be destroyed: they had been without a temple till the days of David; nor does God ever confine himself to temples built by hands, seeing he fills both heaven and earth; that Jesus is the prophet of whom Moses spoke, and whom they had persecuted, condemned, and at last put to death; that they were wicked and uncircumcised in heart and in ears, and always resisted the Holy Ghost as their fathers did. This is the substance of St. Stephen's defense as far as he was permitted to make it: a defense which they could not confute; containing charges which they most glaringly illustrated and confirmed, by adding the murder of this faithful disciple to that of his all-glorious Master. Was in Mesopotamia - In that part of it where Ur of the Chaldees was situated, near to Babel, and among the rivers, (Tigris and Euphrates), which gave the name of Mesopotamia to the country. See the note on Gen 11:31. Before he dwelt in Charran - This is called Haran in our translation of Gen 11:31; this place also belonged to Mesopotamia, as well as Ur, but is placed west of it on the maps. It seems most probable that Abraham had two calls, one in Ur, and the other in Haran. He left Ur at the first call, and came to Haran; he left Haran at the second call, and came into the promised land. See these things more particularly stated in the notes on Gen 12:1 (note).

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 17:22
  • Mat 18:23
  • Act 8:27
  • Gen 11:31
  • Gen 12:1

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Pearce
  • Moses
  • Jesus
  • Men
  • Rather
  • Greek
  • Persians
  • So
  • See Bp
  • David
  • St
  • Master
  • Babel
  • Mesopotamia
  • Ur
  • Haran

Exposition: Acts 7:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:3

Greek
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν· Ἔξελθε ἐκ τῆς γῆς σου καὶ ⸀ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου, καὶ δεῦρο εἰς ⸀τὴν γῆν ἣν ἄν σοι δείξω.

kai eipen pros ayton· Exelthe ek tes ges soy kai ek tes syggeneias soy, kai deyro eis ten gen en an soi deixo.

KJV: And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee.

AKJV: And said to him, Get you out of your country, and from your kindred, and come into the land which I shall show you.

ASV: and said unto him, Get thee out of thy land, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall show thee.

YLT: and He said to him, Go forth out of thy land, and out of thy kindred, and come to a land that I shall shew thee.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:3
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:3

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:3 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:3

Exposition: Acts 7:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:4

Greek
τότε ἐξελθὼν ἐκ γῆς Χαλδαίων κατῴκησεν ἐν Χαρράν. κἀκεῖθεν μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ μετῴκισεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν γῆν ταύτην εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς νῦν κατοικεῖτε,

tote exelthon ek ges Chaldaion katokesen en Charran. kakeithen meta to apothanein ton patera aytoy metokisen ayton eis ten gen tayten eis en ymeis nyn katoikeite,

KJV: Then came he out of the land of the Chaldeans, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell.

AKJV: Then came he out of the land of the Chaldaeans, and dwelled in Charran: and from there, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein you now dwell.

ASV: Then came he out of the land of the Chaldæans, and dwelt in Haran: and from thence, when his father was dead, God removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell:

YLT: `Then having come forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, he dwelt in Haran, and from thence, after the death of his father, He did remove him to this land wherein ye now dwell,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:4
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:4

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Then came he out of the land of the Chaldeans, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:4

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Chaldeans
  • Charran

Exposition: Acts 7:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then came he out of the land of the Chaldeans, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:5

Greek
καὶ οὐκ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κληρονομίαν ἐν αὐτῇ οὐδὲ βῆμα ποδός, καὶ ἐπηγγείλατο δοῦναι αὐτῷ εἰς κατάσχεσιν αὐτὴν καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτόν, οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ τέκνου.

kai oyk edoken ayto kleronomian en ayte oyde bema podos, kai epeggeilato doynai ayto eis kataschesin ayten kai to spermati aytoy met ayton, oyk ontos ayto teknoy.

KJV: And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.

AKJV: And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.

ASV: and he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: and he promised that he would give it to him in possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.

YLT: and He gave him no inheritance in it, not even a footstep, and did promise to give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him--he having no child.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:5
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:5

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 5 Gave him none inheritance - Both Abraham and Jacob had small parcels of land in Canaan; but they had them by purchase, not by God's gift; for, as Abraham was obliged to buy a burying-place in Canaan, Genesis 23:3-18, it is obvious he had no inheritance there. And to his seed after him - See Gen 12:7 (note); Gen 13:15, and the notes there.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:5

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Genesis 23:3-18
  • Gen 12:7
  • Gen 13:15

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Canaan

Exposition: Acts 7:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:6

Greek
ἐλάλησεν ⸀δὲ οὕτως ὁ θεὸς ὅτι ἔσται τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ πάροικον ἐν γῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ, καὶ δουλώσουσιν αὐτὸ καὶ κακώσουσιν ἔτη τετρακόσια·

elalesen de oytos o theos oti estai to sperma aytoy paroikon en ge allotria, kai doylosoysin ayto kai kakosoysin ete tetrakosia·

KJV: And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.

AKJV: And God spoke on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.

ASV: And God spake on this wise, that his seed should sojourn in a strange land, and that they should bring them into bondage, and treat them ill, four hundred years.

YLT: `And God spake thus, That his seed shall be sojourning in a strange land, and they shall cause it to serve, and shall do it evil four hundred years,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:6
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:6

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 6 That his seed should sojourn in a strange land - See Gen 15:13, Gen 15:14. Four hundred years - Moses says, Exo 12:40, that the sojourning of the children of Israel in Egypt - was 430 years. See the note there. St. Paul has the same number, Gal 3:17; and so has Josephus, Ant. lib. ii. cap. 1, sect. 9; in Bell. lib. v. cap. 9, sect. 4. St. Stephen uses the round number of 400, leaving out the odd tens, a thing very common, not only in the sacred writers, but in all others, those alone excepted who write professedly on chronological matters.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 15:13
  • Gen 15:14
  • Gal 3:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Josephus
  • Moses
  • St
  • Ant
  • Bell

Exposition: Acts 7:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:7

Greek
καὶ τὸ ἔθνος ᾧ ⸀ἐὰν ⸀δουλεύσουσιν κρινῶ ἐγώ, ⸂ὁ θεὸς εἶπεν⸃, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐξελεύσονται καὶ λατρεύσουσίν μοι ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τούτῳ.

kai to ethnos o ean doyleysoysin krino ego, o theos eipen, kai meta tayta exeleysontai kai latreysoysin moi en to topo toyto.

KJV: And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.

AKJV: And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.

ASV: And the nation to which they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.

YLT: and the nation whom they shall serve I will judge, said God; and after these things they shall come forth and shall do Me service in this place.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:7
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:7

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 7 Will I judge - Κρινω εγω, I will punish, for in this sense the Greek word is frequently taken. "When," says Bp. Pearce, "a malefactor is brought before a judge, the judge does three things: 1. he tries or judges him; 2. he then gives his judgment or sentence; and, 3. he puts the law in execution, and punishes him. Hence κρινω, at different times, signifies each of these things; and the sense of the word is to be determined by the context. Here it signifies to punish, as κριμα is used for punishment, in Rom 13:2; 1Cor 11:29, compared with 1Cor 11:30, 1Cor 11:31." The Egyptians, to whom the Israelites were in bondage, were punished by the ten plagues, described Exodus 7:19-12:30.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:7

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Rom 13:2
  • 1Cor 11:29
  • 1Cor 11:30
  • 1Cor 11:31
  • Exodus 7:19-12

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Pearce
  • When
  • Bp
  • The Egyptians

Exposition: Acts 7:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:8

Greek
καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ διαθήκην περιτομῆς· καὶ οὕτως ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰσαὰκ καὶ περιέτεμεν αὐτὸν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ὀγδόῃ, ⸀καὶ Ἰσαὰκ τὸν Ἰακώβ, ⸁καὶ Ἰακὼβ τοὺς δώδεκα πατριάρχας.

kai edoken ayto diatheken peritomes· kai oytos egennesen ton Isaak kai perietemen ayton te emera te ogdoe, kai Isaak ton Iakob, kai Iakob toys dodeka patriarchas.

KJV: And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs.

AKJV: And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham was the father of Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac was the father of Jacob; and Jacob was the father of the twelve patriarchs.

ASV: And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob, and Jacob the twelve patriarchs.

YLT: `And He gave to him a covenant of circumcision, and so he begat Isaac, and did circumcise him on the eighth day, and Isaac begat Jacob, and Jacob--the twelve patriarchs;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:8
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:8

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 8 He gave him the covenant of circumcision - That is, he instituted the rite of circumcision, as a sign of that covenant which he had made with him and his posterity. See Gen 17:10, etc. And so Abraham begat Isaac - Και οὑτως, And thus, in this covenant, he begat Isaac; and as a proof that he was born under this covenant, was a true son of Abraham and inheritor of the promises, he circumcised him the eighth day; and this rite being observed in the family of Isaac, Jacob and his twelve sons were born under the covenant; and thus their descendants, the twelve tribes, being born under the same covenant, and practising the same rite, were, by the ordinance of Gods legal inheritors of the promised land, and all the secular and spiritual advantages connected with it.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:8

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 17:10

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Isaac

Exposition: Acts 7:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:9

Greek
Καὶ οἱ πατριάρχαι ζηλώσαντες τὸν Ἰωσὴφ ἀπέδοντο εἰς Αἴγυπτον· καὶ ἦν ὁ θεὸς μετʼ αὐτοῦ,

Kai oi patriarchai zelosantes ton Ioseph apedonto eis Aigypton· kai en o theos met aytoy,

KJV: And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him,

AKJV: And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him,

ASV: And the patriarchs, moved with jealousy against Joseph, sold him into Egypt: and God was with him,

YLT: and the patriarchs, having been moved with jealousy, sold Joseph to Egypt, and God was with him,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:9
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:9

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 9 And the patriarchs - The twelve sons of Jacob, thus called because each was chief or head of his respective family or tribe. Moved with envy - Ζηλωσαντες. We translate ζηλος variously: zeal or fervent affection, whether its object be good or bad, is its general meaning; and ζηλοω signifies to be indignant, envious, etc. See the note on Act 5:17. The brethren of Joseph, hearing of his dreams, and understanding them to portend his future advancement, filled with envy, (with which no ordinary portion of malice was associated), sold Joseph into the land of Egypt, hoping by this means to prevent his future grandeur; but God, from whom the portents came, was with him, and made their envy the direct means of accomplishing the great design.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:9

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 5:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jacob
  • Joseph
  • Egypt

Exposition: Acts 7:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:10

Greek
καὶ ἐξείλατο αὐτὸν ἐκ πασῶν τῶν θλίψεων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ χάριν καὶ σοφίαν ἐναντίον Φαραὼ βασιλέως Αἰγύπτου, καὶ κατέστησεν αὐτὸν ἡγούμενον ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον ⸀καὶ ὅλον τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ.

kai exeilato ayton ek pason ton thlipseon aytoy, kai edoken ayto charin kai sophian enantion Pharao basileos Aigyptoy, kai katestesen ayton egoymenon ep Aigypton kai olon ton oikon aytoy.

KJV: And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.

AKJV: And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.

ASV: and delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favor and wisdom before Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.

YLT: and did deliver him out of all his tribulations, and gave him favour and wisdom before Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he did set him--governor over Egypt and all his house.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:10
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:10

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 10 Gave him favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh - God gave him much wisdom, in consequence of which he had favor with the king of Egypt. See the whole of this remarkable history explained at large, Genesis 41:1-45:28 (note).

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:10

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Genesis 41:1-45

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Egypt

Exposition: Acts 7:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:11

Greek
ἦλθεν δὲ λιμὸς ἐφʼ ὅλην τὴν ⸀Αἴγυπτον καὶ Χανάαν καὶ θλῖψις μεγάλη, καὶ οὐχ ηὕρισκον χορτάσματα οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν·

elthen de limos eph olen ten Aigypton kai Chanaan kai thlipsis megale, kai oych eyriskon chortasmata oi pateres emon·

KJV: Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.

AKJV: Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.

ASV: Now there came a famine over all Egypt and Canaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.

YLT: `And there came a dearth upon all the land of Egypt and Canaan, and great tribulation, and our fathers were not finding sustenance,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:11
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:11

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:11

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:11

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Chanaan

Exposition: Acts 7:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:12

Greek
ἀκούσας δὲ Ἰακὼβ ὄντα ⸂σιτία εἰς Αἴγυπτον⸃ ἐξαπέστειλεν τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν πρῶτον·

akoysas de Iakob onta sitia eis Aigypton exapesteilen toys pateras emon proton·

KJV: But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.

AKJV: But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.

ASV: But when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent forth our fathers the first time.

YLT: and Jacob having heard that there was corn in Egypt, sent forth our fathers a first time;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:12
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:12

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:12

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:12

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Egypt

Exposition: Acts 7:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:13

Greek
καὶ ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ ⸀ἀνεγνωρίσθη Ἰωσὴφ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ, καὶ φανερὸν ἐγένετο τῷ Φαραὼ τὸ ⸀γένος Ἰωσήφ.

kai en to deytero anegnoristhe Ioseph tois adelphois aytoy, kai phaneron egeneto to Pharao to genos Ioseph.

KJV: And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph’s kindred was made known unto Pharaoh.

AKJV: And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brothers; and Joseph’s kindred was made known to Pharaoh.

ASV: And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph’s race became manifest unto Pharaoh.

YLT: and at the second time was Joseph made known to his brethren, and Joseph's kindred became manifest to Pharaoh,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:13
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:13

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:13 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph’s kindred was made known unto Pharaoh.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:13

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:13

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Pharaoh

Exposition: Acts 7:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph’s kindred was made known unto Pharaoh.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:14

Greek
ἀποστείλας δὲ Ἰωσὴφ μετεκαλέσατο ⸂Ἰακὼβ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ⸃ καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε,

aposteilas de Ioseph metekalesato Iakob ton patera aytoy kai pasan ten syggeneian en psychais ebdomekonta pente,

KJV: Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.

AKJV: Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, three score and fifteen souls.

ASV: And Joseph sent, and called to him Jacob his father, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.

YLT: and Joseph having sent, did call for his father Jacob, and all his kindred--with seventy and five souls--

Commentary WitnessActs 7:14
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:14

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 14 Threescore and fifteen souls - There are several difficulties here, which it is hoped the reader will find satisfactorily removed in the note on Gen 46:20 (note). It is well known that in Gen 46:27, and in Deu 10:22, their number is said to be threescore and ten; but Stephen quotes from the Septuagint, which adds five persons to the account which are not in the Hebrew text, Machir, Gilead, Sutelaam, Taham, and Edem; but see the note referred to above.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:14

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 46:20
  • Gen 46:27

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Septuagint
  • Machir
  • Gilead
  • Sutelaam
  • Taham
  • Edem

Exposition: Acts 7:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:15

Greek
⸂καὶ κατέβη⸃ Ἰακὼβ εἰς Αἴγυπτον. καὶ ἐτελεύτησεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν,

kai katebe Iakob eis Aigypton. kai eteleytesen aytos kai oi pateres emon,

KJV: So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers,

AKJV: So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers,

ASV: And Jacob went down into Egypt; and he died, himself and our fathers;

YLT: and Jacob went down to Egypt, and died, himself and our fathers,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:15
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:15

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers,'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:15

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:15

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Egypt

Exposition: Acts 7:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:16

Greek
καὶ μετετέθησαν εἰς Συχὲμ καὶ ἐτέθησαν ἐν τῷ μνήματι ⸀ᾧ ὠνήσατο Ἀβραὰμ τιμῆς ἀργυρίου παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ἑμμὼρ ⸀ἐν Συχέμ.

kai metetethesan eis Sychem kai etethesan en to mnemati o onesato Abraam times argyrioy para ton yion Emmor en Sychem.

KJV: And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of Sychem.

AKJV: And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulcher that Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of Sychem.

ASV: and they were carried over unto Shechem, and laid in the tomb that Abraham bought for a price in silver of the sons of Hamor in Shechem.

YLT: and they were carried over into Sychem, and were laid in the tomb that Abraham bought for a price in money from the sons of Emmor, of Sychem.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:16
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:16

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 16 And were carried over to Sychem - "It is said, Gen 50:13, that Jacob was buried in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre. And in Jos 24:32, and Exo 13:19, it is said that the bones of Joseph were carried out of Egypt by the Israelites, and buried in Shechem, which Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem. As for the eleven brethren of Joseph, we are told by Josephus, Ant. lib. ii. cap. 8. sect. 2, that they were buried in Hebron, where their father had been buried. But, since the books of the Old Testament say nothing about this, the authority of Stephen (or of Luke here) for their being buried in Sychem is at least as good as that of Josephus for their being buried in Hebron." - Bp. Pearce. We have the uniform consent of the Jewish writers that all the patriarchs were brought out of Egypt, and buried in Canaan, but none, except Stephen, mentions their being buried in Sychem. As Sychem belonged to the Samaritans, probably the Jews thought it too great an honor for that people to possess the bones of the patriarchs; and therefore have carefully avoided making any mention of it. This is Dr. Lightfoot's conjecture; and it is as probable as any other. That Abraham bought for a sum of money - Two accounts seem here to be confounded: 1. The purchase made by Abraham of the cave and field of Ephron, which was in the field of Machpelah: this purchase was made from the children of Heth, Gen 23:3, Gen 23:10, Gen 23:17. 2. The purchase made by Jacob, from the sons of Hamor or Emmor, of a sepulchre in which the bones of Joseph were laid: this was in Sychem or Shechem, Gen 33:19; Jos 24:32. The word Abraham, therefore, in this place, is certainly a mistake; and the word Jacob, which some have supplied, is doubtless more proper. Bp. Pearce supposes that Luke originally wrote, ὁ ωνησατο τιμης αργυριου, which he bought for a sum of money: i.e. which Jacob bought, who is the last person, of the singular number, spoken of in the preceding verse. Those who saw that the word ωνησατο, bought, had no nominative case joined to it, and did not know where to find the proper one, seem to have inserted Αβρααμ, Abraham, in the text, for that purpose, without sufficiently attending to the different circumstances of his purchase from that of Jacob's.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:16

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 50:13
  • Gen 23:3
  • Gen 23:10
  • Gen 23:17
  • Gen 33:19

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Pearce
  • Josephus
  • Mamre
  • Israelites
  • Shechem
  • Joseph
  • Ant
  • Hebron
  • But
  • Bp
  • Egypt
  • Canaan
  • Stephen
  • Sychem
  • Samaritans
  • Dr
  • Ephron
  • Machpelah
  • Heth
  • Jacob
  • Emmor
  • Abraham

Exposition: Acts 7:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of Sychem.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:17

Greek
Καθὼς δὲ ἤγγιζεν ὁ χρόνος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας ἧς ⸀ὡμολόγησεν ὁ θεὸς τῷ Ἀβραάμ, ηὔξησεν ὁ λαὸς καὶ ἐπληθύνθη ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ,

Kathos de eggizen o chronos tes epaggelias es omologesen o theos to Abraam, eyxesen o laos kai eplethynthe en Aigypto,

KJV: But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,

AKJV: But when the time of the promise drew near, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,

ASV: But as the time of the promise drew nigh which God vouchsafed unto Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,

YLT: `And according as the time of the promise was drawing nigh, which God did swear to Abraham, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:17
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:17

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:17

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Abraham
  • Egypt

Exposition: Acts 7:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:18

Greek
ἄχρι οὗ ἀνέστη βασιλεὺς ἕτερος ⸂ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον⸃, ὃς οὐκ ᾔδει τὸν Ἰωσήφ.

achri oy aneste basileys eteros ep Aigypton, os oyk edei ton Ioseph.

KJV: Till another king arose, which knew not Joseph.

AKJV: Till another king arose, which knew not Joseph.

ASV: till there arose another king over Egypt, who knew not Joseph.

YLT: till another king rose, who had not known Joseph;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:18
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:18

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 18 Which knew not Joseph - That is, did not approve of him, of his mode of governing the kingdom, nor of his people, nor of his God. See the note on Exo 1:8.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:18

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 7:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Till another king arose, which knew not Joseph.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:19

Greek
οὗτος κατασοφισάμενος τὸ γένος ἡμῶν ἐκάκωσεν τοὺς ⸀πατέρας τοῦ ποιεῖν ⸂τὰ βρέφη ἔκθετα⸃ αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ μὴ ζῳογονεῖσθαι.

oytos katasophisamenos to genos emon ekakosen toys pateras toy poiein ta brephe ektheta ayton eis to me zoogoneisthai.

KJV: The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.

AKJV: The same dealt subtly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.

ASV: The same dealt craftily with our race, and ill-treated our fathers, that they should cast out their babes to the end they might not live.

YLT: this one, having dealt subtilely with our kindred, did evil to our fathers, causing to expose their babes, that they might not live;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:19
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:19

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 19 The same dealt subtilty - Οὑτος κατασοφισαμενος, A word borrowed from the Septuagint, who thus translate the Hebrew נהחכמה לו nithchokmah lo, let us deal wisely with it, i.e. with cunning and deceit, as the Greek word implies; and which is evidently intended by the Hebrew. See Gen 27:35, Thy brother came with subtilty, which the Targumist explains by בחוכמא be-chokma, with wisdom, that is, cunning and deceit. For this the Egyptians were so remarkable that αιγυπτιαζειν, to Egyptize, signified to act cunningly, and to use wicked devices. Hence the Jews compared them to foxes; and it is of them that Canticles, Sol 2:15, is understood by the rabbins: Take us the little foxes which spoil our vines; destroy the Egyptians, who, having slain our male children, sought to destroy the name of Israel from the face of the earth. To the end they might not live - Might not grow up and propagate, and thus build up the Hebrew nation.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:19

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 27:35

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Septuagint
  • Targum
  • Egyptize
  • Canticles
  • Egyptians

Exposition: Acts 7:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:20

Greek
ἐν ᾧ καιρῷ ἐγεννήθη Μωϋσῆς, καὶ ἦν ἀστεῖος τῷ θεῷ· ὃς ἀνετράφη μῆνας τρεῖς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρός·

en o kairo egennethe Moyses, kai en asteios to theo· os anetraphe menas treis en to oiko toy patros·

KJV: In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and nourished up in his father’s house three months:

AKJV: In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and nourished up in his father’s house three months:

ASV: At which season Moses was born, and was exceeding fair; and he was nourished three months in his father’s house:

YLT: in which time Moses was born, and he was fair to God, and he was brought up three months in the house of his father;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:20
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:20

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 20 Moses - was exceeding fair - ΑϚειος τῳ Θεῳ, Was fair to God, i.e. was divinely beautiful. See the note on Exo 2:2.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:20

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses

Exposition: Acts 7:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and nourished up in his father’s house three months:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:21

Greek
⸂ἐκτεθέντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀνείλατο αὐτὸν⸃ ἡ θυγάτηρ Φαραὼ καὶ ἀνεθρέψατο αὐτὸν ἑαυτῇ εἰς υἱόν.

ektethentos de aytoy aneilato ayton e thygater Pharao kai anethrepsato ayton eayte eis yion.

KJV: And when he was cast out, Pharaoh’s daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.

AKJV: And when he was cast out, Pharaoh’s daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.

ASV: and when he was cast out, Pharaoh’s daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.

YLT: and he having been exposed, the daughter of Pharaoh took him up, and did rear him to herself for a son;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:21
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:21

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:21 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And when he was cast out, Pharaoh’s daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:21

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:21

Exposition: Acts 7:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he was cast out, Pharaoh’s daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:22

Greek
καὶ ἐπαιδεύθη ⸀Μωϋσῆς πάσῃ σοφίᾳ Αἰγυπτίων, ἦν δὲ δυνατὸς ἐν λόγοις καὶ ἔργοις ⸀αὐτοῦ.

kai epaideythe Moyses pase sophia Aigyption, en de dynatos en logois kai ergois aytoy.

KJV: And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.

AKJV: And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.

ASV: And Moses was instructed in all the wisdom of the Egyptians; and he was mighty in his words and works.

YLT: and Moses was taught in all wisdom of the Egyptians, and he was powerful in words and in works.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:22
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:22

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 22 In all the wisdom of the Egyptians - Who were, at that time, the most intelligent and best instructed people in the universe. Philo says, Moses was taught arithmetic, geometry, poetry, music, medicine, and the knowledge of hieroglyphics. In Sohar Cadash, fol. 46, it is said, "that, of the ten portions of wisdom which came into the world, the Egyptians had nine, and that all the inhabitants of the earth had only the remaining portion." Much of the same nature may be seen in the rabbins, though they apply the term wisdom here to magic. Was mighty in words and in deeds - This may refer to the glorious doctrines he taught, and the miracles he wrought in Egypt. Josephus Ant. lib. ii. cap. 10, sect. 1, gives an account of his being general of an Egyptian army, defeating the Ethiopians, who had invaded Egypt, driving them back into their own country, and taking Saba their capital, which was afterwards called Meroe. But this, like many other tales of the same writer, is worthy of little credit. Phoenix says the same of Achilles: - Μυθων τε ῥητηρ' εμεναι, πρηκτηρα τε εργων. Il. ix. v. 443. Not only an orator of words, but a performer of deeds.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:22

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Josephus
  • Philo
  • Moses
  • In Sohar Cadash
  • Egypt
  • Josephus Ant
  • Ethiopians
  • Meroe
  • Achilles
  • Il

Exposition: Acts 7:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:23

Greek
Ὡς δὲ ἐπληροῦτο αὐτῷ τεσσερακονταετὴς χρόνος, ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπισκέψασθαι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ.

Os de epleroyto ayto tesserakontaetes chronos, anebe epi ten kardian aytoy episkepsasthai toys adelphoys aytoy toys yioys Israel.

KJV: And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.

AKJV: And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brothers the children of Israel.

ASV: But when he was well-nigh forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.

YLT: `And when forty years were fulfilled to him, it came upon his heart to look after his brethren, the sons of Israel;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:23
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:23

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 23 When he was full forty years old - This was a general tradition among the Jews: "Moses was forty years in Pharaoh's court, forty years in Midian, and forty years he served Israel." To visit his brethren - Probably on the ground of trying to deliver them from their oppressive bondage. This desire seems to have been early infused into his mind by the Spirit of God; and the effect of this desire to deliver his oppressed countrymen was his refusing to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter - see Heb 11:24, and thus renouncing all right to the Egyptian crown, choosing rather to endure addiction with the people of God than enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:23

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Heb 11:24

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • Jews
  • Midian
  • Israel

Exposition: Acts 7:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:24

Greek
καὶ ἰδών τινα ἀδικούμενον ἠμύνατο καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐκδίκησιν τῷ καταπονουμένῳ πατάξας τὸν Αἰγύπτιον.

kai idon tina adikoymenon emynato kai epoiesen ekdikesin to kataponoymeno pataxas ton Aigyption.

KJV: And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian:

AKJV: And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian:

ASV: And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, smiting the Egyptian:

YLT: and having seen a certain one suffering injustice, he did defend, and did justice to the oppressed, having smitten the Egyptian;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:24
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:24

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:24 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian:'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:24

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:24

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Egyptian

Exposition: Acts 7:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:25

Greek
ἐνόμιζεν δὲ συνιέναι τοὺς ⸀ἀδελφοὺς ὅτι ὁ θεὸς διὰ χειρὸς αὐτοῦ δίδωσιν ⸂σωτηρίαν αὐτοῖς⸃, οἱ δὲ οὐ συνῆκαν.

enomizen de synienai toys adelphoys oti o theos dia cheiros aytoy didosin soterian aytois, oi de oy synekan.

KJV: For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.

AKJV: For he supposed his brothers would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.

ASV: and he supposed that his brethren understood that God by his hand was giving them deliverance; but they understood not.

YLT: and he was supposing his brethren to understand that God through his hand doth give salvation; and they did not understand.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:25
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:25

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 25 He supposed his brethren would have understood, etc. - He probably imagined that, as he felt from the Divine influence he was appointed to be their deliverer, they would have his Divine appointment signified to them in a similar way; and the act of justice which he now did in behalf of his oppressed countryman would be sufficient to show them that he was now ready to enter upon his office, if they were willing to concur.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:25

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 7:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:26

Greek
τῇ τε ἐπιούσῃ ἡμέρᾳ ὤφθη αὐτοῖς μαχομένοις καὶ ⸀συνήλλασσεν αὐτοὺς εἰς εἰρήνην εἰπών· Ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί ⸀ἐστε· ἱνατί ἀδικεῖτε ἀλλήλους;

te te epioyse emera ophthe aytois machomenois kai synellassen aytoys eis eirenen eipon· Andres, adelphoi este· inati adikeite alleloys;

KJV: And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?

AKJV: And the next day he showed himself to them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, you are brothers; why do you wrong one to another?

ASV: And the day following he appeared unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?

YLT: `On the succeeding day, also, he shewed himself to them as they are striving, and urged them to peace, saying, Men, brethren are ye, wherefore do ye injustice to one another?

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:26
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:26

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:26 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:26

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:26

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Sirs

Exposition: Acts 7:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:27

Greek
ὁ δὲ ἀδικῶν τὸν πλησίον ἀπώσατο αὐτὸν εἰπών· Τίς σε κατέστησεν ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστὴν ἐφʼ ⸀ἡμῶν;

o de adikon ton plesion aposato ayton eipon· Tis se katestesen archonta kai dikasten eph emon;

KJV: But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?

AKJV: But he that did his neighbor wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made you a ruler and a judge over us?

ASV: But he that did his neighbor wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?

YLT: and he who is doing injustice to the neighbour, did thrust him away, saying, Who set thee a ruler and a judge over us?

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:27
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:27

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:27 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:27

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:27

Exposition: Acts 7:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:28

Greek
μὴ ἀνελεῖν με σὺ θέλεις ὃν τρόπον ἀνεῖλες ⸀ἐχθὲς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον;

me anelein me sy theleis on tropon aneiles echthes ton Aigyption;

KJV: Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?

AKJV: Will you kill me, as you did the Egyptian yesterday?

ASV: Wouldest thou kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian yesterday?

YLT: to kill me dost thou wish, as thou didst kill yesterday the Egyptian?

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:28
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:28

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:28 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:28

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:28

Exposition: Acts 7:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:29

Greek
ἔφυγεν δὲ Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ, καὶ ἐγένετο πάροικος ἐν γῇ Μαδιάμ, οὗ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς δύο.

ephygen de Moyses en to logo toyto, kai egeneto paroikos en ge Madiam, oy egennesen yioys dyo.

KJV: Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons.

AKJV: Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he was the father of two sons.

ASV: And Moses fled at this saying, and became a sojourner in the land of Midian, where he begat two sons.

YLT: `And Moses fled at this word, and became a sojourner in the land of Midian, where he begat two sons,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:29
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:29

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:29 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:29

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:29

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • Madian

Exposition: Acts 7:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:30

Greek
Καὶ πληρωθέντων ἐτῶν τεσσεράκοντα ὤφθη αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τοῦ ὄρους Σινᾶ ⸀ἄγγελος ἐν φλογὶ πυρὸς βάτου·

Kai plerothenton eton tesserakonta ophthe ayto en te eremo toy oroys Sina aggelos en phlogi pyros batoy·

KJV: And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.

AKJV: And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.

ASV: And when forty years were fulfilled, an angel appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sinai, in a flame of fire in a bush.

YLT: and forty years having been fulfilled, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sinai a messenger of the Lord, in a flame of fire of a bush,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:30
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:30

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 30 In a flame of fire in a bush - See this and the following verses largely explained in the notes on Exo 3:1-8 (note).

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:30

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 7:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:31

Greek
ὁ δὲ Μωϋσῆς ἰδὼν ⸀ἐθαύμασεν τὸ ὅραμα. προσερχομένου δὲ αὐτοῦ κατανοῆσαι ἐγένετο φωνὴ ⸀κυρίου·

o de Moyses idon ethaymasen to orama. proserchomenoy de aytoy katanoesai egeneto phone kyrioy·

KJV: When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the Lord came unto him,

AKJV: When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the LORD came to him,

ASV: And when Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold, there came a voice of the Lord,

YLT: and Moses having seen did wonder at the sight; and he drawing near to behold, there came a voice of the Lord unto him,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:31
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:31

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:31 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the Lord came unto him,'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:31

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:31

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses

Exposition: Acts 7:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the Lord came unto him,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:32

Greek
Ἐγὼ ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων σου, ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ ⸀καὶ Ἰσαὰκ ⸁καὶ Ἰακώβ. ἔντρομος δὲ γενόμενος Μωϋσῆς οὐκ ἐτόλμα κατανοῆσαι.

Ego o theos ton pateron soy, o theos Abraam kai Isaak kai Iakob. entromos de genomenos Moyses oyk etolma katanoesai.

KJV: Saying, I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and durst not behold.

AKJV: Saying, I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and dared not behold.

ASV: I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob. And Moses trembled, and durst not behold.

YLT: I am the God of thy fathers; the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. `And Moses having become terrified, durst not behold,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:32
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:32

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:32 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Saying, I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and durst not behold.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:32

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:32

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • Saying
  • Abraham
  • Isaac
  • Jacob

Exposition: Acts 7:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Saying, I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and durst not behold.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:33

Greek
εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος· Λῦσον τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν σου, ὁ γὰρ τόπος ⸀ἐφʼ ᾧ ἕστηκας γῆ ἁγία ἐστίν.

eipen de ayto o kyrios· Lyson to ypodema ton podon soy, o gar topos eph o estekas ge agia estin.

KJV: Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for the place where thou standest is holy ground.

AKJV: Then said the Lord to him, Put off your shoes from your feet: for the place where you stand is holy ground.

ASV: And the Lord said unto him, Loose the shoes from thy feet: for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground.

YLT: and the Lord said to him, Loose the sandal of thy feet, for the place in which thou hast stood is holy ground;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:33
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:33

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:33 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for the place where thou standest is holy ground.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:33

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:33

Exposition: Acts 7:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for the place where thou standest is holy ground.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:34

Greek
ἰδὼν εἶδον τὴν κάκωσιν τοῦ λαοῦ μου τοῦ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ τοῦ στεναγμοῦ ⸀αὐτοῦ ἤκουσα, καὶ κατέβην ἐξελέσθαι αὐτούς· καὶ νῦν δεῦρο ⸀ἀποστείλω σε εἰς Αἴγυπτον.

idon eidon ten kakosin toy laoy moy toy en Aigypto, kai toy stenagmoy aytoy ekoysa, kai kateben exelesthai aytoys· kai nyn deyro aposteilo se eis Aigypton.

KJV: I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt.

AKJV: I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send you into Egypt.

ASV: I have surely seen the affliction of my people that is in Egypt, and have heard their groaning, and I am come down to deliver them: and now come, I will send thee into Egypt.

YLT: seeing I have seen the affliction of My people that is in Egypt, and their groaning I did hear, and came down to deliver them; and now come, I will send thee to Egypt.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:34
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:34

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:34 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:34

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:34

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Egypt

Exposition: Acts 7:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:35

Greek
Τοῦτον τὸν Μωϋσῆν, ὃν ἠρνήσαντο εἰπόντες· Τίς σε κατέστησεν ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστήν, τοῦτον ὁ θεὸς ⸀καὶ ἄρχοντα καὶ λυτρωτὴν ⸂ἀπέσταλκεν σὺν⸃ χειρὶ ἀγγέλου τοῦ ὀφθέντος αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ βάτῳ.

Toyton ton Moysen, on ernesanto eipontes· Tis se katestesen archonta kai dikasten, toyton o theos kai archonta kai lytroten apestalken syn cheiri aggeloy toy ophthentos ayto en te bato.

KJV: This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.

AKJV: This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made you a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.

ASV: This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? him hath God sent to be both a ruler and a deliverer with the hand of the angel that appeared to him in the bush.

YLT: `This Moses, whom they did refuse, saying, Who did set thee a ruler and a judge? this one God a ruler and a redeemer did send, in the hand of a messenger who appeared to him in the bush;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:35
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:35

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:35 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:35

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:35

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses

Exposition: Acts 7:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:36

Greek
οὗτος ἐξήγαγεν αὐτοὺς ποιήσας τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα ἐν ⸀γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ καὶ ἐν Ἐρυθρᾷ Θαλάσσῃ καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα.

oytos exegagen aytoys poiesas terata kai semeia en ge Aigypto kai en Erythra Thalasse kai en te eremo ete tesserakonta.

KJV: He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years.

AKJV: He brought them out, after that he had showed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years. ¶

ASV: This man led them forth, having wrought wonders and signs in Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years.

YLT: this one did bring them forth, having done wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red Sea, and in the wilderness forty years;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:36
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:36

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 36 He brought them out, after that he had showed wonders, etc. - Thus the very person whom they had rejected, and, in effect, delivered up into the hands of Pharaoh that he might be slain, was the person alone by whom they were redeemed from their Egyptian bondage. And does not St. Stephen plainly say by this, that the very person, Jesus Christ, whom they had rejected and delivered up into the hands of Pilate to be crucified, was the person alone by whom they could be delivered out of their spiritual bondage, and made partakers of the inheritance among the saints in light? No doubt they felt that this was the drift of his speech.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:36

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • St
  • Jesus Christ

Exposition: Acts 7:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:37

Greek
οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Μωϋσῆς ὁ ⸀εἴπας τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ· Προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀναστήσει ⸂ὁ θεὸς⸃ ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν ὡς ἐμέ.

oytos estin o Moyses o eipas tois yiois Israel· Propheten ymin anastesei o theos ek ton adelphon ymon os eme.

KJV: This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear.

AKJV: This is that Moses, which said to the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up to you of your brothers, like to me; him shall you hear.

ASV: This is that Moses, who said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall God raise up unto you from among your brethren, like unto me.

YLT: this is the Moses who did say to the sons of Israel: A prophet to you shall the Lord your God raise up out of your brethren, like to me, him shall ye hear.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:37
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:37

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 37 This is that Moses, which said - A prophet, etc. - This very Moses, so highly esteemed and honored by God, announced that very prophet whom ye have lately put to death. See the observations at Deu 18:22 (note).

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:37

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses

Exposition: Acts 7:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:38

Greek
οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ γενόμενος ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ μετὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου τοῦ λαλοῦντος αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σινᾶ καὶ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, ὃς ἐδέξατο ⸀λόγια ζῶντα δοῦναι ⸀ἡμῖν,

oytos estin o genomenos en te ekklesia en te eremo meta toy aggeloy toy laloyntos ayto en to orei Sina kai ton pateron emon, os edexato logia zonta doynai emin,

KJV: This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:

AKJV: This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spoke to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give to us:

ASV: This is he that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel that spake to him in the mount Sinai, and with our fathers: who received living oracles to give unto us:

YLT: `This is he who was in the assembly in the wilderness, with the messenger who is speaking to him in the mount Sinai, and with our fathers who did receive the living oracles to give to us;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:38
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:38

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 38 With the angel which spake to him - Stephen shows that Moses received the law by the ministry of angels; and that he was only a mediator between the angel of God and them. The lively oracles - Λογια ζωντα, The living oracles. The doctrines of life, those doctrines - obedience to which entitled them, by the promise of God, to a long life upon earth, which spoke to them of that spiritual life which every true believer has in union with his God, and promised that eternal life which those who are faithful unto death shall enjoy with him in the realms of glory. The Greek word λογιον, which we translate oracle, signifies a Divine revelation, a communication from God himself, and is here applied to the Mosaic law; to the Old Testament in general, Rom 3:2; Heb 5:12; and to Divine revelation in general, 1Pet 4:11.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:38

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Rom 3:2
  • Heb 5:12
  • 1Pet 4:11

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses

Exposition: Acts 7:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:39

Greek
ᾧ οὐκ ἠθέλησαν ὑπήκοοι γενέσθαι οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν, ἀλλὰ ἀπώσαντο καὶ ἐστράφησαν ⸂ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις⸃ αὐτῶν εἰς Αἴγυπτον,

o oyk ethelesan ypekooi genesthai oi pateres emon, alla aposanto kai estraphesan en tais kardiais ayton eis Aigypton,

KJV: To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,

AKJV: To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,

ASV: to whom our fathers would not be obedient, but thrust him from them, and turned back in their hearts unto Egypt,

YLT: to whom our fathers did not wish to become obedient, but did thrust away, and turned back in their hearts to Egypt,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:39
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:39

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 39 In their hearts turned back again into Egypt - Became idolaters, and preferred their Egyptian bondage and their idolatry to the promised land and the pure worship of God. See the whole of these transactions explained at large in the notes on Exodus 32:1-35 (note).

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:39

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Exodus 32:1-35

Exposition: Acts 7:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:40

Greek
εἰπόντες τῷ Ἀαρών· Ποίησον ἡμῖν θεοὺς οἳ προπορεύσονται ἡμῶν· ὁ γὰρ Μωϋσῆς οὗτος, ὃς ἐξήγαγεν ἡμᾶς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, οὐκ οἴδαμεν τί ⸀ἐγένετο αὐτῷ.

eipontes to Aaron· Poieson emin theoys oi proporeysontai emon· o gar Moyses oytos, os exegagen emas ek ges Aigyptoy, oyk oidamen ti egeneto ayto.

KJV: Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.

AKJV: Saying to Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we know not what is become of him.

ASV: saying unto Aaron, Make us gods that shall go before us: for as for this Moses, who led us forth out of the land of Egypt, we know not what is become of him.

YLT: saying to Aaron, Make to us gods who shall go on before us, for this Moses, who brought us forth out of the land of Egypt, we have not known what hath happened to him.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:40
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:40

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:40 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:40

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:40

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • Aaron
  • Egypt

Exposition: Acts 7:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:41

Greek
καὶ ἐμοσχοποίησαν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις καὶ ἀνήγαγον θυσίαν τῷ εἰδώλῳ, καὶ εὐφραίνοντο ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν.

kai emoschopoiesan en tais emerais ekeinais kai anegagon thysian to eidolo, kai eyphrainonto en tois ergois ton cheiron ayton.

KJV: And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.

AKJV: And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice to the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.

ASV: And they made a calf in those days, and brought a sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their hands.

YLT: `And they made a calf in those days, and brought a sacrifice to the idol, and were rejoicing in the works of their hands,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:41
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:41

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:41 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:41

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:41

Exposition: Acts 7:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:42

Greek
ἔστρεψεν δὲ ὁ θεὸς καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς λατρεύειν τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν· Μὴ σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ;

estrepsen de o theos kai paredoken aytoys latreyein te stratia toy oyranoy, kathos gegraptai en biblo ton propheton· Me sphagia kai thysias prosenegkate moi ete tesserakonta en te eremo, oikos Israel;

KJV: Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness?

AKJV: Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O you house of Israel, have you offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness?

ASV: But God turned, and gave them up to serve the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, Did ye offer unto me slain beasts and sacrifices

YLT: and God did turn, and did give them up to do service to the host of the heaven, according as it hath been written in the scroll of the prophets: Slain beasts and sacrifices did ye offer to Me forty years in the wilderness, O house of Israel?

Commentary WitnessActs 7:42
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:42

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 42 Then God turned, and gave them up, etc. - He left them to themselves, and then they deified and worshipped the sun, moon, planets, and principal stars. In the book of the prophets - As this quotation is found in Amos, Amo 5:25, by the book of the prophets is meant the twelve minor prophets, which, in the ancient Jewish division of the sacred writings, formed only one book. Have ye offered to me slain beasts - It is certain that the Israelites did offer various sacrifices to God, while in the wilderness; and it is as certain that they scarcely ever did it with an upright heart. They were idolatrous, either in heart or act, in almost all their religious services; these were therefore so very imperfect that they were counted for nothing in the sight of God; for this seems to be strongly implied in the question here asked, Have ye offered to Me (exclusively and with an upright heart) slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years? On the contrary, these forty years were little else than a tissue of rebellion and idolatry.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:42

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Amos

Exposition: Acts 7:42 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:43

Greek
καὶ ἀνελάβετε τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ Μολὸχ καὶ τὸ ἄστρον τοῦ ⸀θεοῦ ⸀Ῥαιφάν, τοὺς τύπους οὓς ἐποιήσατε προσκυνεῖν αὐτοῖς. καὶ μετοικιῶ ὑμᾶς ἐπέκεινα Βαβυλῶνος.

kai anelabete ten skenen toy Moloch kai to astron toy theoy Raiphan, toys typoys oys epoiesate proskynein aytois. kai metoikio ymas epekeina Babylonos.

KJV: Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.

AKJV: Yes, you took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which you made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.

ASV: And ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch,

YLT: and ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan--the figures that ye made to bow before them, and I will remove your dwelling beyond Babylon.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:43
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:43

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 43 Ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them - This is a literal translation of the place, as it stands in the Septuagint; but in the Hebrew text it stands thus: But ye have borne the tabernacle of your Molech, and Chiun, your images, the star of your god which ye made to yourselves. This is the simple version of the place, unless we should translate ונסאתם את סכות מלככם venasatem eth Siccuth malkekem, ye took Sikuth your king, (instead of ye took up the tabernacle of your Molek), as some have done. The place is indeed very obscure, and the two texts do not tend to cast light on each other. The rabbins say siccuth, which we translate tabernacle, is the name of an idol. Molech is generally understood to mean the sun; and several persons of good judgment think that by Remphan or Raiphan is meant the planet Saturn, which the Copts call Ῥηφαν, Rephan. It will be seen above that instead of Remphan, or, as some of the best MSS. have it, Rephan, the Hebrew text has כיון Chiun, which might possibly be a corruption of ריפן Reiphan, as it would be very easy to mistake the כ caph for ר resh, and the vau shurek ו for פ pe. This emendation would bring the Hebrew, Septuagint, and the text of Luke, nearer together; but there is no authority either from MSS. or versions for this correction: however, as Chiun is mentioned in no other place, though Molech often occurs, it is the more likely that there might have been some very early mistake in the text, and that the Septuagint has preserved the true reading. It was customary for the idolaters of all nations to carry images of their gods about them in their journeys, military expeditions, etc.; and these, being very small, were enclosed in little boxes, perhaps some of them in the shape of temples, called tabernacles; or, as we have it, Act 19:24, shrines. These little gods were the penates and lares among the Romans, and the tselems or talismans among the ancient eastern idolaters. The Hebrew text seems to refer to these when it says, the tabernacle of your Molech, and Chiun, your images, צלמיכם tsalmeycem, your tselems, τους τυπους, the types or simulachres of your gods. See the note on Gen 31:19. Many of those small portable images are now in my own collection, all of copper or brass; some of them the identical penates of the ancient Romans, and others the offspring of the Hindoo idolatry; they are from an ounce weight to half a pound. Such images as these I suppose the idolatrous Israelites, in imitation of their neighbors, the Moabites, Ammonites, etc., to have carried about with them; and to such the prophet appears to me unquestionably to allude. I will carry you away beyond Babylon - You have carried your idolatrous images about; and I will carry you into captivity, and see if the gods in whom ye have trusted can deliver you from my hands. Instead of beyond Babylon, Amos, from whom the quotation is made, says, I will carry you beyond Damascus. Where they were carried was into Assyria and Media, see 2Kgs 17:6 : now, this was not only beyond Damascus, but beyond Babylon itself; and, as Stephen knew this to be the fact, he states it here, and thus more precisely fixes the place of their captivity. The Holy Spirit, in his farther revelations, has undoubted right to extend or illustrate those which he had given before. This case frequently occurs when a former prophecy is quoted in later times.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:43

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 19:24
  • Gen 31:19
  • 2Kgs 17:6

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Septuagint
  • Moloch
  • Remphan
  • Molech
  • Chiun
  • Saturn
  • Rephan
  • Reiphan
  • Luke
  • Romans
  • Israelites
  • Moabites
  • Ammonites
  • Babylon
  • Amos
  • Damascus
  • Media

Exposition: Acts 7:43 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:44

Greek
Ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἦν τοῖς πατράσιν ἡμῶν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καθὼς διετάξατο ὁ λαλῶν τῷ Μωϋσῇ ποιῆσαι αὐτὴν κατὰ τὸν τύπον ὃν ἑωράκει,

E skene toy martyrioy en tois patrasin emon en te eremo, kathos dietaxato o lalon to Moyse poiesai ayten kata ton typon on eorakei,

KJV: Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.

AKJV: Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking to Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.

ASV: Our fathers had the tabernacle of the testimony in the wilderness, even as he appointed who spake unto Moses, that he should make it according to the figure that he had seen.

YLT: `The tabernacle of the testimony was among our fathers in the wilderness, according as He did direct, who is speaking to Moses, to make it according to the figure that he had seen;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:44
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:44

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 44 Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness - That is, the tabernacle in which the two tables of stone written by the finger of God were laid up, as a testimony that he had delivered these laws to the people, and that they had promised to obey them. As one great design of St. Stephen was to show the Jews that they placed too much dependence on outward privileges, and had not used the law, the tabernacle, the temple, nor the temple service, for the purpose of their institution, he labors to bring them to a due sense of this, that conviction might lead to repentance and conversion. And he farther shows that God did not confine his worship to one place, or form. He was worshipped without any shrine in the times of the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, etc. He was worshipped with a tabernacle, or portable temple, in the wilderness. He was worshipped also in the fixed temple projected by David, but built by Solomon. He asserts farther that his infinite majesty cannot be confined to temples, made by human hands; and where there is neither tabernacle nor temple, (in any part of his vast dominions), he may be worshipped acceptably by the upright in heart. Thus he proves that neither tabernacle nor temple are essentially requisite for the true worship of the true God. Concerning the tabernacle to which St. Stephen here refers, the reader is requested to consult the notes on Exo 25:8, etc., and the subsequent chapters. Speaking unto Moses - Ὁ λαλων, Who spake, as in the margin; signifying the angel of God who spake to Moses, or God himself. See Exo 25:40.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:44

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • St
  • Abraham
  • Isaac
  • Jacob
  • David
  • Solomon

Exposition: Acts 7:44 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:45

Greek
ἣν καὶ εἰσήγαγον διαδεξάμενοι οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν μετὰ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῇ κατασχέσει τῶν ἐθνῶν ὧν ἐξῶσεν ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἕως τῶν ἡμερῶν Δαυίδ·

en kai eisegagon diadexamenoi oi pateres emon meta Iesoy en te kataschesei ton ethnon on exosen o theos apo prosopoy ton pateron emon eos ton emeron Dayid·

KJV: Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drave out before the face of our fathers, unto the days of David;

AKJV: Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drove out before the face of our fathers, to the days of David;

ASV: Which also our fathers, in their turn, brought in with Joshua when they entered on the possession of the nations, that God thrust out before the face of our fathers, unto the days of David;

YLT: which also our fathers having in succession received, did bring in with Joshua, into the possession of the nations whom God did drive out from the presence of our fathers, till the days of David,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:45
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:45

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 45 Brought in with Jesus - That is, with Joshua, whom the Greek version, quoted by St. Stephen, always writes Ιησους, Jesus, but which should constantly be written Joshua in such cases as the present, in order to avoid ambiguity and confusion. Possession of the Gentiles - Των εθνων, of the heathens, whom Joshua conquered, and gave their land to the children of Israel.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:45

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Joshua
  • St
  • Stephen
  • Israel

Exposition: Acts 7:45 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drave out before the face of our fathers, unto the days of David;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:46

Greek
ὃς εὗρεν χάριν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ᾐτήσατο εὑρεῖν σκήνωμα τῷ ⸀θεῷ Ἰακώβ.

os eyren charin enopion toy theoy kai etesato eyrein skenoma to theo Iakob.

KJV: Who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob.

AKJV: Who found favor before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob.

ASV: who found favor in the sight of God, and asked to find a habitation for the God of Jacob.

YLT: who found favour before God, and requested to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:46
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:46

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 46 Desired to find a tabernacle - This was in David's heart, and it met with the Divine approbation: see 2Sam 7:2, etc., and see the purpose, Psa 132:2-5; but, as David had been a man of war, and had shed much blood, God would not permit him to build the temple; but he laid the plan and made provision for it, and Solomon executed the design.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:46

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • 2Sam 7:2

Exposition: Acts 7:46 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:47

Greek
Σολομῶν δὲ οἰκοδόμησεν αὐτῷ οἶκον.

Solomon de oikodomesen ayto oikon.

KJV: But Solomon built him an house.

AKJV: But Solomon built him an house.

ASV: But Solomon built him a house.

YLT: and Solomon built Him an house.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:47
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:47

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:47 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But Solomon built him an house.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:47

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:47

Exposition: Acts 7:47 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Solomon built him an house.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:48

Greek
ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὁ ὕψιστος ἐν ⸀χειροποιήτοις κατοικεῖ· καθὼς ὁ προφήτης λέγει·

all oych o ypsistos en cheiropoietois katoikei· kathos o prophetes legei·

KJV: Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,

AKJV: However, the most High dwells not in temples made with hands; as says the prophet,

ASV: Howbeit the Most High dwelleth not in houses made with hands; as saith the prophet,

YLT: `But the Most High in sanctuaries made with hands doth not dwell, according as the prophet saith:

Commentary WitnessActs 7:48
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:48

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 48 The Most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands - Here St. Stephen evidently refers to Solomon's speech, 1Kgs 8:27. But will God indeed dwell on the earth? Behold, the heaven, and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee, how much less this house that I have builded? Both Solomon and St. Stephen mean that the majesty of God could not be contained, not even in the whole vortex of nature; much less in any temple which human hands could erect. As saith the prophet - The place referred to is Isa 66:1, Isa 66:2 : Thus saith the Lord, the heaven is my throne, and the earth my footstool. Where is the house that ye build unto me? And where is the place of my rest, etc., with which the quotation by Stephen agrees.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:48

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • 1Kgs 8:27
  • Isa 66:1
  • Isa 66:2

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Here St
  • Behold
  • St
  • Lord

Exposition: Acts 7:48 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:49

Greek
Ὁ οὐρανός μοι θρόνος, ⸂ἡ δὲ⸃ γῆ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν μου· ποῖον οἶκον οἰκοδομήσετέ μοι, λέγει κύριος, ἢ τίς τόπος τῆς καταπαύσεώς μου;

O oyranos moi thronos, e de ge ypopodion ton podon moy· poion oikon oikodomesete moi, legei kyrios, e tis topos tes katapayseos moy;

KJV: Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?

AKJV: Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will you build me? says the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?

ASV: The heaven is my throne,

YLT: The heaven is My throne, and the earth My footstool; what house will ye build to Me? saith the Lord, or what is the place of My rest?

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:49
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:49

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:49 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:49

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:49

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Lord

Exposition: Acts 7:49 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:50

Greek
οὐχὶ ἡ χείρ μου ἐποίησεν ταῦτα πάντα;

oychi e cheir moy epoiesen tayta panta;

KJV: Hath not my hand made all these things?

AKJV: Has not my hand made all these things? ¶

ASV: Did not my hand make all these things?

YLT: hath not My hand made all these things?

Commentary WitnessActs 7:50
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:50

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 50 Hath not my hand made all these things? - Stephen certainly had not finished his discourse, nor drawn his inferences from the facts already stated; but it is likely that, as they perceived he was about to draw conclusions unfavourable to the temple and its ritual, they immediately raised up a clamor against him, which was the cause of the following very cutting address.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:50

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 7:50 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hath not my hand made all these things?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:51

Greek
Σκληροτράχηλοι καὶ ἀπερίτμητοι ⸀καρδίαις καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν, ὑμεῖς ἀεὶ τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτετε, ὡς οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ ὑμεῖς.

Sklerotracheloi kai aperitmetoi kardiais kai tois osin, ymeis aei to pneymati to agio antipiptete, os oi pateres ymon kai ymeis.

KJV: Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.

AKJV: You stiff necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do you.

ASV: Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Spirit: as your fathers did, so do ye.

YLT: `Ye stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and in ears! ye do always the Holy Spirit resist; as your fathers--also ye;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:51
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:51

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 51 Ye stiff-necked - Σκληροτραχηλοι. A metaphor taken from untoward oxen, who cannot be broken into the yoke; and whose strong necks cannot be bended to the right or the left. Uncircumcised in heart and ears - This was a Jewish mode of speech, often used by the prophets. Circumcision was instituted, not only as a sign and seal of the covenant into which the Israelites entered with their Maker, but also as a type of that purity and holiness which the law of God requires; hence there was an excision of what was deemed not only superfluous but also injurious; and by this cutting off, the propensity to that crime which ruins the body, debases the mind, and was generally the forerunner of idolatry, was happily lessened. It would be easy to prove this, were not the subject too delicate. Where the spirit of disobedience was found, where the heart was prone to iniquity, and the ears impatient of reproof and counsel, the person is represented as uncircumcised in those parts, because devoted to iniquity, impatient of reproof, and refusing to obey. In Pirkey Eliezer, chap. 29, "Rabbi Seira said, There are five species of uncircumcision in the world; four in man, and one in trees. Those in man are the following: - "1. Uncircumcision of the Ear. Behold, their Ear is uncircumcised, and they cannot hearken, Jer 6:10. "2. The uncircumcision of the Lips. How shall Pharaoh hear me, who am of uncircumcised Lips? Exo 6:12. "3. Uncircumcision of Heart. If then their uncircumcised Hearts be humbled, Lev 26:41. Circumcise therefore the Foreskin of Your Heart, Deu 10:16; Jer 4:4. For all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the Heart, Jer 9:26. "4. The uncircumcision of the Flesh. Ye shall circumcise the Flesh of your Foreskin, etc., Gen 17:11." Ye do always resist the Holy Ghost - 1. Because they were uncircumcised in heart, they always resisted the influences of the Holy Spirit, bringing light and conviction to their minds; in consequence of which they became hardened through the deceitfulness of sin, and neither repented at the preaching of John, nor credited the glad tidings told them by Christ and the apostles. 2. Because they were uncircumcised in ears, they would neither hear nor obey Moses, the prophets, Christ, nor the apostles. As your fathers did, so do ye - They were disobedient children, of disobedient parents: in all their generations they had been disobedient and perverse. This whole people, as well as this text, are fearful proofs that the Holy Spirit, the almighty energy of the living God, may be resisted and rendered of none effect. This Spirit is not sent to stocks, stones, or machines, but to human beings endued with rational souls; therefore it is not to work on them with that irresistible energy which it must exert on inert matter, in order to conquer the vis inertiae or disposition to abide eternally in a motionless state, which is the state of all inanimate beings; but it works upon understanding, will, judgment, conscience, etc., in order to enlighten, convince, and persuade. If, after all, the understanding, the eye of the mind, refuses to behold the light; the will determines to remain obstinate; the judgment purposes to draw false inferences; and the conscience hardens itself against every check and remonstrance, (and all this is possible to a rational soul, which must be dealt with in a rational way), then the Spirit of God, being thus resisted, is grieved, and the sinner is left to reap the fruit of his doings. To force the man to see, feel, repent, believe, and be saved, would be to alter the essential principles of his creation and the nature of mind, and reduce him into the state of a machine, the vis inertiae of which was to be overcome and conducted by a certain quantum of physical force, superior to that resistance which would be the natural effect of the certain quantum of the vis inertiae possessed by the subject on and by which this agent was to operate. Now, man cannot be operated on in this way, because it is contrary to the laws of his creation and nature; nor can the Holy Ghost work on that as a machine which himself has made a free agent. Man therefore may, and generally does, resist the Holy Ghost; and the whole revelation of God bears unequivocal testimony to this most dreadful possibility, and most awful truth. It is trifling with the sacred text to say that resisting the Holy Ghost here means resisting the laws of Moses, the exhortations, threatenings, and promises of the prophets, etc. These, it is true, the uncircumcised ear may resist; but the uncircumcised heart is that alone to which the Spirit that gave the laws, exhortations, promises, etc;, speaks; and, as matter resists matter, so spirit resists spirit. These were not only uncircumcised in ear, but uncircumcised also in heart; and therefore they resisted the Holy Ghost, not only in his declarations and institutions, but also in his actual energetic operations upon their minds.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:51

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Jer 6:10
  • Lev 26:41
  • Jer 4:4
  • Jer 9:26
  • Gen 17:11

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • Maker
  • In Pirkey Eliezer
  • Ear
  • Behold
  • Lips
  • Heart
  • Your Heart
  • Flesh
  • Foreskin
  • Holy Spirit
  • John
  • Christ
  • If
  • Now
  • Holy Ghost
  • These

Exposition: Acts 7:51 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:52

Greek
τίνα τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἐδίωξαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν; καὶ ἀπέκτειναν τοὺς προκαταγγείλαντας περὶ τῆς ἐλεύσεως τοῦ δικαίου οὗ νῦν ὑμεῖς προδόται καὶ φονεῖς ⸀ἐγένεσθε,

tina ton propheton oyk edioxan oi pateres ymon; kai apekteinan toys prokataggeilantas peri tes eleyseos toy dikaioy oy nyn ymeis prodotai kai phoneis egenesthe,

KJV: Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers:

AKJV: Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which showed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom you have been now the betrayers and murderers:

ASV: Which of the prophets did not your fathers persecute? and they killed them that showed before of the coming of the Righteous One; of whom ye have now become betrayers and murderers;

YLT: which of the prophets did not your fathers persecute? and they killed those who declared before about the coming of the Righteous One, of whom now ye betrayers and murderers have become,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:52
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:52

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 52 Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? - Ye have not only resisted the Holy Ghost, but ye have persecuted all those who have spoken to you in his name, and by his influence: thus ye prove your opposition to the Spirit himself, by your opposition to every thing that proceeds from him. They have slain them, etc. - Isaiah, who showed before of the coming of Christ, the Jews report, was sawn asunder at the command of Manasseh. The coming of the Just One - Του δικαιου, Meaning Jesus Christ; emphatically called the just or righteous person, not only because of the unspotted integrity of his heart and life, but because of his plenary acquittal, when tried at the tribunal of Pilate: I find no fault at all in him. The mention of this circumstance served greatly to aggravate their guilt. The character of Just One is applied to our Lord in three other places of Scripture: Act 3:14; Act 22:14; and Jam 5:6. The betrayers and murderers - Ye first delivered him up into the hands of the Romans, hoping they would have put him to death; but, when they acquitted him, then, in opposition to the declaration of his innocence, and in outrage to every form of justice, ye took and murdered him. This was a most terrible charge; and one against which they could set up no sort of defense. No wonder, then, that they were instigated by the spirit of the old destroyer, which they never resisted, to add another murder to that of which they had been so recently guilty.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:52

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 3:14
  • Act 22:14

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Jesus
  • Holy Ghost
  • Isaiah
  • Christ
  • Manasseh
  • Meaning Jesus Christ
  • Pilate
  • Scripture
  • Romans

Exposition: Acts 7:52 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:53

Greek
οἵτινες ἐλάβετε τὸν νόμον εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων, καὶ οὐκ ἐφυλάξατε.

oitines elabete ton nomon eis diatagas aggelon, kai oyk ephylaxate.

KJV: Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it.

AKJV: Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it. ¶

ASV: ye who received the law as it was ordained by angels, and kept it not.

YLT: who received the law by arrangement of messengers, and did not keep it .'

Commentary WitnessActs 7:53
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:53

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 53 By the disposition of angels - Εις διαταγας αγγελων. After all that has been said on this difficult passage, perhaps the simple meaning is, that there were ranks, διαταγαι, of angels attending on the Divine Majesty when he gave the law: a circumstance which must have added greatly to the grandeur and solemnity of the occasion; and to this Psa 68:17 seems to me most evidently to allude: The chariots of God are twenty thousand, even many thousands of angels: the Lord is among them as in Sinai, in the holy place. It was not then by the mouths nor by the hands of angels, as prime agents, that Moses, and through him the people, received the law; but God himself gave it, accompanied with many thousands of those glorious beings. As it is probable they might be assisting in this most glorious solemnity, therefore St. Paul might say, Gal 3:19, that it was ordained by angels, διαταγεις δι' αγγελων, in the hand of a Mediator. And as they were the only persons that could appear, for no man hath seen God at any time, therefore the apostle might say farther, (if indeed he refers to the same transaction, see the note there), the word spoken by angels was steadfast, Heb 2:2. But the circumstances of this case are not sufficiently plain to lead to the knowledge of what was done by the angels in this most wonderful transaction; only we learn, from the use made of this circumstance by St. Stephen, that it added much to the enormity of their transgression, that they did not keep a law, in dispensing of which the ministry of angels had been employed. Some think Moses, Aaron, and Joshua are the angels here intended; and others think that the fire, light, darkness, cloud and thick darkness were the angels which Jehovah used on this occasion, and to which St. Stephen refers; but neither of these senses appears sufficiently natural, and particularly the latter.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:53

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gal 3:19
  • Heb 2:2

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Moses
  • Sinai
  • St
  • Mediator
  • Stephen
  • Aaron

Exposition: Acts 7:53 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:54

Greek
Ἀκούοντες δὲ ταῦτα διεπρίοντο ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν καὶ ἔβρυχον τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐπʼ αὐτόν.

Akoyontes de tayta dieprionto tais kardiais ayton kai ebrychon toys odontas ep ayton.

KJV: When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.

AKJV: When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.

ASV: Now when they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.

YLT: And hearing these things, they were cut to the hearts, and did gnash the teeth at him;

Commentary WitnessActs 7:54
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:54

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 54 They were cut to the heart - Διεπριοντο, They were sawn through. See the note on Act 5:33. They gnashed on him with their teeth - They were determined to hear him no longer; were filled with rage against him, and evidently thirsted for his blood.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:54

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 5:33

Exposition: Acts 7:54 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:55

Greek
ὑπάρχων δὲ πλήρης πνεύματος ἁγίου ἀτενίσας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εἶδεν δόξαν θεοῦ καὶ Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ θεοῦ,

yparchon de pleres pneymatos agioy atenisas eis ton oyranon eiden doxan theoy kai Iesoyn estota ek dexion toy theoy,

KJV: But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

AKJV: But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up steadfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

ASV: But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

YLT: and being full of the Holy Spirit, having looked stedfastly to the heaven, he saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:55
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:55

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 55 Saw the glory of God - The Shekinah, the splendor or manifestation of the Divine Majesty. And Jesus standing on the right hand of God - In his official character, as Mediator between God and man. Stephen had this revelation while in the Sanhedrin; for as yet he had not been forced out of the city. See Act 7:58.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:55

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 7:58

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • The Shekinah
  • Divine Majesty
  • Sanhedrin

Exposition: Acts 7:55 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:56

Greek
καὶ εἶπεν· Ἰδοὺ θεωρῶ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ⸀διηνοιγμένους καὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκ δεξιῶν ἑστῶτα τοῦ θεοῦ.

kai eipen· Idoy theoro toys oyranoys dienoigmenoys kai ton yion toy anthropoy ek dexion estota toy theoy.

KJV: And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.

AKJV: And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.

ASV: and said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.

YLT: and he said, `Lo, I see the heavens having been opened, and the Son of Man standing on the right hand of God.'

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 7:56
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 7:56

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 7:56 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:56

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 7:56

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Behold

Exposition: Acts 7:56 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:57

Greek
κράξαντες δὲ φωνῇ μεγάλῃ συνέσχον τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν, καὶ ὥρμησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐπʼ αὐτόν,

kraxantes de phone megale syneschon ta ota ayton, kai ormesan omothymadon ep ayton,

KJV: Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord,

AKJV: Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran on him with one accord,

ASV: But they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and rushed upon him with one accord;

YLT: And they, having cried out with a loud voice, stopped their ears, and did rush with one accord upon him,

Commentary WitnessActs 7:57
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:57

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 57 They - stopped their ears - As a proof that he had uttered blasphemy, because he said, He saw Jesus standing at the right hand of God. This was a fearful proof against them; for if Jesus was at the right hand of God, then they had murdered an innocent person; and they must infer that God's justice must speedily avenge his death. They were determined not to suffer a man to live any longer who could say he saw the heavens opened and Jesus Christ standing at the right hand of God.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:57

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus

Exposition: Acts 7:57 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:58

Greek
καὶ ἐκβαλόντες ἔξω τῆς πόλεως ἐλιθοβόλουν. καὶ οἱ μάρτυρες ἀπέθεντο τὰ ἱμάτια ⸀αὐτῶν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας νεανίου καλουμένου Σαύλου.

kai ekbalontes exo tes poleos elithoboloyn. kai oi martyres apethento ta imatia ayton para toys podas neanioy kaloymenoy Sayloy.

KJV: And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man’s feet, whose name was Saul.

AKJV: And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man’s feet, whose name was Saul.

ASV: and they cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul.

YLT: and having cast him forth outside of the city, they were stoning him --and the witnesses did put down their garments at the feet of a young man called Saul--

Commentary WitnessActs 7:58
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:58

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 58 Cast him out of the city, and stoned him - They did not however wait for any sentence to be pronounced upon him; it seems they were determined to stone him first, and then prove, after it had been done, that it was done justly. For the manner of stoning among the Jews, see the note on Lev 24:23. The witnesses laid down their clothes - To illustrate this whole transaction, see the observations at the end of this chapter.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:58

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Lev 24:23

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jews

Exposition: Acts 7:58 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man’s feet, whose name was Saul.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:59

Greek
καὶ ἐλιθοβόλουν τὸν Στέφανον ἐπικαλούμενον καὶ λέγοντα· Κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου·

kai elithoboloyn ton Stephanon epikaloymenon kai legonta· Kyrie Iesoy, dexai to pneyma moy·

KJV: And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.

AKJV: And they stoned Stephen, calling on God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.

ASV: And they stoned Stephen, calling upon the Lord, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.

YLT: and they were stoning Stephen, calling and saying, `Lord Jesus, receive my spirit;'

Commentary WitnessActs 7:59
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:59

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God - The word God is not found in any MS. or version, nor in any of the primitive fathers except Chrysostom. It is not genuine, and should not be inserted here: the whole sentence literally reads thus: And they stoned Stephen, invoking and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit! Here is a most manifest proof that prayer is offered to Jesus Christ; and that in the most solemn circumstances in which it could be offered, viz., when a man was breathing his last. This is, properly speaking, one of the highest acts of worship which can be offered to God; and, if Stephen had not conceived Jesus Christ to be God, could he have committed his soul into his hands? We may farther observe that this place affords a full proof of the immateriality of the soul; for he could not have commended his spirit to Christ, had he believed that he had no spirit, or, in other words, that his body and soul were one and the same thing. Allowing this most eminent saint to have had a correct notion of theology, and that, being full of the Holy Ghost, as he was at this time, he could make no mistake in matters of such vast weight and importance, then these two points are satisfactorily stated in this verse: 1. That Jesus Christ is God; for Stephen died praying to him. 2. That the soul is immaterial; for Stephen, in dying, commends his departing spirit into the hand of Christ.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:59

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Jesus
  • Stephen
  • Chrysostom
  • Lord Jesus
  • Jesus Christ
  • Christ
  • Holy Ghost

Exposition: Acts 7:59 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 7:60

Greek
θεὶς δὲ τὰ γόνατα ἔκραξεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ· Κύριε, μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ⸂ταύτην τὴν ἁμαρτίαν⸃· καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἐκοιμήθη.

theis de ta gonata ekraxen phone megale· Kyrie, me steses aytois tayten ten amartian· kai toyto eipon ekoimethe.

KJV: And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.

AKJV: And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.

ASV: And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.

YLT: and having bowed the knees, he cried with a loud voice, `Lord, mayest thou not lay to them this sin;' and this having said, he fell asleep.

Commentary WitnessActs 7:60
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 7:60

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 60 He kneeled down - That he might die as the subject of his heavenly Master - acting and suffering in the deepest submission to his Divine will and permissive providence; and, at the same time, showing the genuine nature of the religion of his Lord, in pouring out his prayers with his blood in behalf of his murderers! Lay not this sin to their charge - That is, do not impute it to them so as to exact punishment. How much did the servant resemble his Lord, Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do! This was the cry of our Lord in behalf of his murderers; and the disciple, closely copying his Master, in the same spirit, and with the same meaning, varies the expression, crying with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge! What an extent of benevolence! And in what a beautiful light does this place the spirit of the Christian religion! Christ had given what some have supposed to be an impossible command; Love your enemies; pray for them that despitefully use and persecute you. And Stephen shows here, in his own person, how practicable the grace of his Master had made this sublime precept. He fell asleep - This was a common expression among the Jews to signify death, and especially the death of good men. But this sleep is, properly speaking, not attributable to the soul, but to the body; for he had commended his spirit to the Lord Jesus, while his body was overwhelmed with the shower of stones cast on him by the mob. After the word εκοιμηθη, fell asleep, one MS. adds, εν ειρηνῃ, in peace; and the Vulgate has, in Domino, in the Lord. Both these readings are true, as to the state of St. Stephen; but I believe neither of them was written by St. Luke. The first clause of the next chapter should come in here, And Saul was consenting unto his death: never was there a worse division than that which separated it from the end of this chapter: this should be immediately altered, and the amputated member restored to the body to which it belongs. 1. Though I have spoken pretty much at large on the punishment of stoning among the Jews, in the note on Lev 24:23, yet, as the following extracts will serve to bring the subject more fully into view, in reference to the case of St. Stephen, the reader will not be displeased to find them here. Dr. Lightfoot sums up the evidence he has collected on this subject, in the following particulars: - "I. The place of stoning was without the sanhedrin, according as it is said, bring forth him that hath cursed without the camp, Lev 24:14. It is a tradition, the place of stoning was without three camps. The gloss tells us that the court was the camp of the Divine Presence; the mountain of the temple, the camp of the Levites; and Jerusalem, the camp of Israel. Now, in every sanhedrin, in whatever city, the place of stoning was without the city, as it was at Jerusalem. We are told the reason by the Gemarists, why the place of stoning was without the sanhedrin, and again without three camps: viz. If the Sanhedrin go forth and sit without the three camps, they make the place for stoning also distant from the sanhedrin, partly lest the sanhedrin should seem to kill the man; partly, that by the distance of the place there may be a little stop and space of time before the criminal come to the place of execution, if peradventure any one might offer some testimony that might make for him; for in the expectation of some such thing: - "II. There stood one at the door of the sanhedrin having a handkerchief in his hand, and a horse at such a distance as it was only within sight. If any one therefore say, I have something to offer in behalf of the condemned person, he waves the handkerchief, and the horseman rides and calls back the people. Nay, if the man himself say, I have something to offer in my own defense, they bring him back four or five times one after another, if it be any thing of moment that he hath to say." I doubt they hardly dealt so gently with the innocent Stephen. "III. If no testimony arise that makes any thing for him, then they go on to stoning him: the crier proclaiming before him, 'N. the son of N. comes forth to be stoned for such or such a crime. N. and N. are the witnesses against him; if any one have any thing to testify in his behalf, let him come forth and give his evidence.' "IV. When they come within ten cubits of the place where he must be stoned, they exhort him to confess, for so it is the custom for the malefactor to confess, because every one that confesseth hath his part in the world to come, as we find in the instance of Achan, etc. "V. When they come within four cubits of the place, they strip off his clothes, and make him naked. "VI. The place of execution was twice a man's height. One of the witnesses throws him down upon his loins; if he roll on his breast, they turn him on his loins again. If he die so, well. If not, then the other witness takes up a stone, and lays it upon his heart. If he die so, well. If not, he is stoned by all Israel. "VII. All that are stoned, are handed also, etc." These things I thought fit to transcribe the more largely, that the reader may compare this present action with this rule and common usage of doing it. "1. It may be questioned for what crime this person was condemned to die? You will say for blasphemy for the have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses and against God. But no one is condemned as a blasphemer, unless for abusing the sacred name with four letters, viz. יהוה YeHoVaH. Hence it is that although they oftentimes accused our Savior as a blasphemer, yet he was not condemned for this, but because he used witchcraft and deceived Israel, and seduced them into apostasy. And those are reckoned among persons that are to be stoned: He that evilly persuades; and he that draws into apostasy; and he that is a conjuror. "2. It may farther be questioned whether our blessed martyr was condemned by any formal sentence of the sanhedrin, or hurried in a tumultuary manner by the people; and so murdered: it seems to be the latter." 2. The defense of Stephen against the charges produced by his accusers must be considered as being indirect; as they had a show of truth for the ground of their accusations, it would have been improper at once to have roundly denied the charge. There is no doubt that Stephen had asserted and proved Jesus to be the Christ or Messiah; and that the whole nation should consider him as such, receive his doctrine, obey him, or expose themselves to the terrible sentence denounced in the prophecy of Moses: Whosoever will not hearken unto my words, which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him, Deu 18:19; for they well knew that this word implied that Divine judgments should inevitably fall upon them. To make proper way for this conclusion, Stephen enters into a detail of their history, showing that, from the beginning, God had in view the dispensation which was now opening, and that his designs were uniformly opposed by their impious forefathers. That, notwithstanding all this, God carried on his work: First, by revealing his will to Abraham, and giving him the rite of circumcision, which was to be preserved among his descendants. Secondly, to Moses and Aaron in Egypt. Thirdly, to the whole congregation of Israel at Mount Sinai, and variously in the wilderness. Fourthly, by instituting the tabernacle worship, which was completed in the promised land, and continued till the days of Solomon, when the temple was builded, and the worship of God became fixed. Fifthly, by the long race of prophets raised up under that temple, who had been all variously persecuted by their forefathers, who departed from the true worship, and frequently became idolatrous; in consequence of which God gave them up into the hands of their enemies, and they were carried into captivity. How far St. Stephen would have proceeded, or to what issue he would have brought his discourse, we can only conjecture, as the fury of his persecutors did not permit him to come to a conclusion. But this they saw most clearly, that, from his statement, they could expect no mercy at the hand of God, if they persisted in their opposition to Jesus of Nazareth, and that their temple and political existence must fall a sacrifice to their persevering obstinacy. Their guilt stung them to the heart, and they were determined rather to vent their insupportable feelings by hostile and murderous acts, than in penitential sorrow and supplication for mercy. The issue was the martyrdom of Stephen; a man of whom the sacred writings give the highest character, and a man who illustrated that character in every part of his conduct. Stephen is generally called the proto-martyr, i.e. the First martyr or witness, as the word μαρτυρ implies; the person who, at the evident risk and ultimate loss of his life, bears testimony to Truth. This honor, however, may be fairly contested, and the palm at least divided between him and John the Baptist. The martyrdom of Stephen, and the spirit in which he suffered, have been an honor to the cause for which he cheerfully gave up his life, for eighteen hundred years. While Christianity endures, (and it will endure till time is swallowed up in eternity), the martyrdom of Stephen will be the model, as it has been, for all martyrs, and a cause of triumph to the Church of God. 3. I cannot close these observations without making one remark on his prayer for his murderers. Though this shows most forcibly the amiable, forgiving spirit of the martyr, yet we must not forget that this, and all the excellent qualities with which the mind of this blessed man was endued, proceeded from that Holy Ghost of whose influences his mind was full. The prayer therefore shows most powerfully the matchless benevolence of God. Even these most unprincipled, most impious, and most brutal of all murderers, were not out of the reach of His mercy! His Spirit influenced the heart of this martyr to pray for his destroyers; and could such prayers fail? No: Saul of Tarsus, in all probability was the first fruits of them. St. Augustine has properly remarked, Si Stephanus non orasset, ecclesia Paulum non haberet. If Stephen had not prayed, the Church of Christ could not have numbered among her saints the apostle of the Gentiles. Let this example teach us at once the spirit that becomes a disciple of Christ, the efficacy of prayer, and the unbounded philanthropy of God.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 7:60

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Lev 24:23
  • Lev 24:14

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ovid
  • Vulgate
  • Ray
  • Moses
  • Jesus
  • Lord
  • Father
  • Master
  • Lord Jesus
  • Domino
  • St
  • Stephen
  • Luke
  • Jews
  • Dr
  • Divine Presence
  • Levites
  • Jerusalem
  • Israel
  • Now
  • Gemarists
  • Nay
  • Achan
  • Messiah
  • That
  • First
  • Abraham
  • Secondly
  • Egypt
  • Thirdly
  • Mount Sinai
  • Fourthly
  • Solomon
  • Fifthly
  • Nazareth
  • Truth
  • Baptist
  • No
  • Tarsus
  • Gentiles
  • Christ

Exposition: Acts 7:60 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.

Scholarly apparatus

Commentary citation index

This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.

Direct commentary witnesses

37

Generated editorial witnesses

23

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Canonical references surfaced in commentary

  • Act 7:1-8
  • Act 7:9-17
  • Act 7:18
  • Act 7:19
  • Act 7:38-43
  • Act 7:44-46
  • Act 7:47-50
  • Act 7:51-53
  • Act 7:54
  • Act 7:55
  • Act 7:56
  • Act 7:57
  • Act 7:58
  • Act 7:59
  • Act 7:60
  • Act 8:1
  • Act 22:20
  • Acts 7:1
  • Act 17:22
  • Mat 18:23
  • Act 8:27
  • Gen 11:31
  • Gen 12:1
  • Acts 7:2
  • Acts 7:3
  • Acts 7:4
  • Genesis 23:3-18
  • Gen 12:7
  • Gen 13:15
  • Acts 7:5
  • Gen 15:13
  • Gen 15:14
  • Gal 3:17
  • Acts 7:6
  • Rom 13:2
  • 1Cor 11:29
  • 1Cor 11:30
  • 1Cor 11:31
  • Exodus 7:19-12
  • Acts 7:7
  • Gen 17:10
  • Acts 7:8
  • Act 5:17
  • Acts 7:9
  • Genesis 41:1-45
  • Acts 7:10
  • Acts 7:11
  • Acts 7:12
  • Acts 7:13
  • Gen 46:20
  • Gen 46:27
  • Acts 7:14
  • Acts 7:15
  • Gen 50:13
  • Gen 23:3
  • Gen 23:10
  • Gen 23:17
  • Gen 33:19
  • Acts 7:16
  • Acts 7:17
  • Acts 7:18
  • Gen 27:35
  • Acts 7:19
  • Acts 7:20
  • Acts 7:21
  • Acts 7:22
  • Heb 11:24
  • Acts 7:23
  • Acts 7:24
  • Acts 7:25
  • Acts 7:26
  • Acts 7:27
  • Acts 7:28
  • Acts 7:29
  • Acts 7:30
  • Acts 7:31
  • Acts 7:32
  • Acts 7:33
  • Acts 7:34
  • Acts 7:35
  • Acts 7:36
  • Acts 7:37
  • Rom 3:2
  • Heb 5:12
  • 1Pet 4:11
  • Acts 7:38
  • Exodus 32:1-35
  • Acts 7:39
  • Acts 7:40
  • Acts 7:41
  • Acts 7:42
  • Act 19:24
  • Gen 31:19
  • 2Kgs 17:6
  • Acts 7:43
  • Acts 7:44
  • Acts 7:45
  • 2Sam 7:2
  • Acts 7:46
  • Acts 7:47
  • 1Kgs 8:27
  • Isa 66:1
  • Isa 66:2
  • Acts 7:48
  • Acts 7:49
  • Acts 7:50
  • Jer 6:10
  • Lev 26:41
  • Jer 4:4
  • Jer 9:26
  • Gen 17:11
  • Acts 7:51
  • Act 3:14
  • Act 22:14
  • Acts 7:52
  • Gal 3:19
  • Heb 2:2
  • Acts 7:53
  • Act 5:33
  • Acts 7:54
  • Acts 7:55
  • Acts 7:56
  • Acts 7:57
  • Lev 24:23
  • Acts 7:58
  • Acts 7:59
  • Lev 24:14
  • Acts 7:60

Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary

  • Ray
  • Moses
  • Jesus
  • Stephen
  • Abraham
  • Mesopotamia
  • Charran
  • Joseph
  • Egypt
  • David
  • Christ
  • Father
  • Lord Jesus
  • And
  • Him
  • St
  • Paul
  • Pearce
  • Men
  • Rather
  • Greek
  • Persians
  • So
  • See Bp
  • Master
  • Babel
  • Ur
  • Haran
  • Chaldeans
  • Canaan
  • Josephus
  • Ant
  • Bell
  • When
  • Bp
  • The Egyptians
  • Isaac
  • Jacob
  • Chanaan
  • Pharaoh
  • Septuagint
  • Machir
  • Gilead
  • Sutelaam
  • Taham
  • Edem
  • Mamre
  • Israelites
  • Shechem
  • Hebron
  • But
  • Sychem
  • Samaritans
  • Dr
  • Ephron
  • Machpelah
  • Heth
  • Emmor
  • Targum
  • Egyptize
  • Canticles
  • Egyptians
  • Philo
  • In Sohar Cadash
  • Josephus Ant
  • Ethiopians
  • Meroe
  • Achilles
  • Il
  • Jews
  • Midian
  • Israel
  • Egyptian
  • Sirs
  • Madian
  • Saying
  • Jesus Christ
  • Aaron
  • Amos
  • Moloch
  • Remphan
  • Molech
  • Chiun
  • Saturn
  • Rephan
  • Reiphan
  • Luke
  • Romans
  • Moabites
  • Ammonites
  • Babylon
  • Damascus
  • Media
  • Solomon
  • Joshua
  • Here St
  • Behold
  • Lord
  • Maker
  • In Pirkey Eliezer
  • Ear
  • Lips
  • Heart
  • Your Heart
  • Flesh
  • Foreskin
  • Holy Spirit
  • John
  • If
  • Now
  • Holy Ghost
  • These
  • Isaiah
  • Manasseh
  • Meaning Jesus Christ
  • Pilate
  • Scripture
  • Sinai
  • Mediator
  • The Shekinah
  • Divine Majesty
  • Sanhedrin
  • Chrysostom
  • Ovid
  • Vulgate
  • Domino
  • Divine Presence
  • Levites
  • Jerusalem
  • Gemarists
  • Nay
  • Achan
  • Messiah
  • That
  • First
  • Secondly
  • Thirdly
  • Mount Sinai
  • Fourthly
  • Fifthly
  • Nazareth
  • Truth
  • Baptist
  • No
  • Tarsus
  • Gentiles
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Amos

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  • Coverage: 9 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Amos

Open Amos

Old Testament Prophets

Obadiah

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Obadiah

Open Obadiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jonah

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jonah

Open Jonah

Old Testament Prophets

Micah

Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 7 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Micah

Open Micah

Old Testament Prophets

Nahum

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nahum

Open Nahum

Old Testament Prophets

Habakkuk

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Habakkuk

Open Habakkuk

Old Testament Prophets

Zephaniah

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zephaniah

Open Zephaniah

Old Testament Prophets

Haggai

Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 2 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Haggai

Open Haggai

Old Testament Prophets

Zechariah

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zechariah

Open Zechariah

Old Testament Prophets

Malachi

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Malachi

Open Malachi

New Testament Gospels

Matthew

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Matthew

Open Matthew

New Testament Gospels

Mark

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Mark

Open Mark

New Testament Gospels

Luke

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Luke

Open Luke

New Testament Gospels

John

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for John

Open John

New Testament History

Acts

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Acts

Open Acts

New Testament Letters

Romans

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Romans

Open Romans

New Testament Letters

1 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Corinthians

Open 1 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

2 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Corinthians

Open 2 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

Galatians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Galatians

Open Galatians

New Testament Letters

Ephesians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ephesians

Open Ephesians

New Testament Letters

Philippians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philippians

Open Philippians

New Testament Letters

Colossians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Colossians

Open Colossians

New Testament Letters

1 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Thessalonians

Open 1 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

2 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Thessalonians

Open 2 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

1 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Timothy

Open 1 Timothy

New Testament Letters

2 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Timothy

Open 2 Timothy

New Testament Letters

Titus

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Titus

Open Titus

New Testament Letters

Philemon

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philemon

Open Philemon

New Testament Letters

Hebrews

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hebrews

Open Hebrews

New Testament Letters

James

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for James

Open James

New Testament Letters

1 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Peter

Open 1 Peter

New Testament Letters

2 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Peter

Open 2 Peter

New Testament Letters

1 John

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 John

Open 1 John

New Testament Letters

2 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 John

Open 2 John

New Testament Letters

3 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 3 John

Open 3 John

New Testament Letters

Jude

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jude

Open Jude

New Testament Apocalypse

Revelation

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Revelation

Open Revelation

What this explorer shows today

The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.

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