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Published chapter Reader summary first Acts live Chapter 9 of 28 43 verse waypoints 43 commentary witnesses

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Acts 9 — Acts 9

Connected primary witness
  • Connected ID: Acts_9
  • Primary Witness Text: And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest, And desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven: And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. And he trembling and astonished said, Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do. And the men which journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing a voice, but seeing no man. And Saul arose from the earth; and when his eyes were opened, he saw no man: but they led him by the hand, and brought him into Damascus. And he was three days without sight, and neither did eat nor drink. And there was a certain disciple at Damascus, named Ananias; and to him said the Lord in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I am here, Lord. And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the street which is called Straight, and enquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul, of Tarsus: for, behold, he prayeth, And hath seen in a vision a man named Ananias coming in, and putting his hand on him...

Connected dataset overlay
  • Connected ID: Acts_9
  • Chapter Blob Preview: And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest, And desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light fro...

Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.

Chapter frame

Acts (c. AD 62) is the pivot-document of redemptive history: the Spirit-empowered proclamation of the risen Christ from Jerusalem to Rome. As the second volume of Luke's work, it provides the historical framework for all the NT epistles.

Luke's accuracy in Acts receives substantial archaeological confirmation via the work of William Ramsay, who set out to disprove Acts and was converted by its precision — titles, place names, sea routes, civic procedures — all matching 1st-century realia. Paul's missionary journeys are among the most historically verifiable movements in ancient biography.


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Acts 9:1

Greek
Ὁ δὲ Σαῦλος ἔτι ἐμπνέων ἀπειλῆς καὶ φόνου εἰς τοὺς μαθητὰς τοῦ κυρίου, προσελθὼν τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ

O de Saylos eti empneon apeiles kai phonoy eis toys mathetas toy kyrioy, proselthon to archierei

KJV: And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest,

AKJV: And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest,

ASV: But Saul, yet breathing threatening and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest,

YLT: And Saul, yet breathing of threatening and slaughter to the disciples of the Lord, having gone to the chief priest,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:1
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:1

Quoted commentary witness

Saul, bent on the destruction of the Christians, obtains letters from the high priest, authorizing him to seize those whom he should find at Damascus, and bring them bound to Jerusalem, Act 9:1, Act 9:2. On his way to Damascus, he has a Divine vision, is convinced of his sin and folly, is struck blind, and remains three days without sight, and neither eats nor drinks, Act 9:3-9. Ananias, a disciple, is commanded in a vision to go and speak to Saul, and restore his sight, Act 9:10-16. Ananias goes and lays his hands on him, and he receives his sight, and is baptized, Act 9:17-19. Saul, having spent a few days with the Christians at Damascus, goes to the synagogues, proclaims Christ, and confounds the Jews, Act 9:20-22. The Jews lay wait to kill him, but the disciples let him down over the walls of the city in a basket, by night, and he escapes to Jerusalem, Act 9:23-25. Having wished to associate with the disciples there, they avoid him; but Barnabas takes and brings him to the apostles, and declares his conversion, Act 9:26, Act 9:27. He continues in Jerusalem preaching Christ, and arguing with the Hellenistic Jews, who endeavor to slay him; but the disciples take him to Caesarea, and send him thence to his own city Tarsus, Act 9:28-30. About this time, the Churches, being freed from persecution, are edified and multiplied, Act 9:31. Peter heals Eneas at Lydda, who had been afflicted with the palsy eight years: in consequence of which miracle, all the people of Lydda and Saron are converted, Act 9:32-35. Account of the sickness and death of a Christian woman named Tabitha, who dwelt at Joppa; and her miraculous restoration to life by the ministry of Peter, Act 9:36-41. Gracious effects produced among the inhabitants of Lydda by this miracle, Act 9:42, Act 9:43. Verse 1 Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter - The original text is very emphatic, ετι εμπνεων απειλης και φονου, and points out how determinate Saul was to pursue and accomplish his fell purpose of totally destroying the infant Church of Christ. The mode of speech introduced above is very frequent in the Greek writers, who often express any vehement and hostile affection of the mind by the verb πνεειν, to breathe, to pant; so Theocritus, Idyll. xxii. ver. 82: Ες μεσσον συναγον, φονον αλλαλοισι πνεοντες. They came into the assembly, breathing mutual slaughter. Euripides has the same form, πυρ πνεουσα και φονον, breathing out fire, and slaughter, Iphig. in Taur. And Aristophanes more fully, referring to all the preparations for war: - Αλλα πνεοντας δορυ και λογχας και λευκολοφους τρυφαλειας, Και πηληκας, και κνημιδας, και θυμους ἑπταβοειους. They breathed spears, and pikes, and helmets, and crests, and greaves, and the fury of redoubted heroes. The figure is a favourite one with Homer: hence μενεα πνειοντες Αβαντες, the Abantes breathing strength. - Il. ii. 536. And how frequently he speaks of his fierce countrymen as, μενεα πνειοντες Αχαιοι, the Greeks breathing strength, see Il. iii. 8; xi. 508; xxiv. 364, which phrase an old Scholiast interprets, being filled with strength and fury. St. Luke, who was master of the Greek tongue, chose such terms as best expressed a heart desperately and incessantly bent on accomplishing the destruction of the objects of its resentment. Such at this time was the heart of Saul of Tarsus; and it had already given full proof of its malignity, not only in the martyrdom of Stephen, but also in making havoc of the Church, and in forcibly entering every house, and dragging men and women, whom he suspected of Christianity, and committing them to prison. See Act 8:3. Went unto the high priest - As the high priest was chief in all matters of an ecclesiastical nature, and the present business was pretendedly religious, he was the proper person to apply to for letters by which this virulent persecutor might be accredited. The letters must necessarily be granted in the name of the whole Sanhedrin, of which Gamaliel, Saul's master, was at that time the head; but the high priest was the proper organ through whom this business might be negotiated.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 9:1
  • Act 9:2
  • Act 9:3-9
  • Act 9:10-16
  • Act 9:17-19
  • Act 9:20-22
  • Act 9:23-25
  • Act 9:26
  • Act 9:27
  • Act 9:28-30
  • Act 9:31
  • Act 9:32-35
  • Act 9:36-41
  • Act 9:42
  • Act 9:43
  • Act 8:3

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Saul
  • Christians
  • Damascus
  • Jerusalem
  • Ananias
  • Christ
  • Jews
  • Hellenistic Jews
  • Caesarea
  • Tarsus
  • Churches
  • Lydda
  • Tabitha
  • Joppa
  • Peter
  • Theocritus
  • Idyll
  • Iphig
  • Taur
  • Homer
  • Il
  • St
  • Luke
  • Stephen
  • Church
  • Christianity
  • Sanhedrin
  • Gamaliel

Exposition: Acts 9:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:2

Greek
ᾐτήσατο παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐπιστολὰς εἰς Δαμασκὸν πρὸς τὰς συναγωγάς, ὅπως ἐάν τινας εὕρῃ τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντας, ἄνδρας τε καὶ γυναῖκας, δεδεμένους ἀγάγῃ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ.

etesato par aytoy epistolas eis Damaskon pros tas synagogas, opos ean tinas eyre tes odoy ontas, andras te kai gynaikas, dedemenoys agage eis Ieroysalem.

KJV: And desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.

AKJV: And desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem.

ASV: and asked of him letters to Damascus unto the synagogues, that if he found any that were of the Way, whether men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem.

YLT: did ask from him letters to Damascus, unto the synagogues, that if he may find any being of the way, both men and women, he may bring them bound to Jerusalem.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:2
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:2

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 2 Letters to Damascus to the synagogues - Damascus, anciently called דמסק Damask, and דרמסק Darmask, was once the metropolis of all Syria. It was situated at fifty miles' distance from the sea; from which it is separated by lofty mountains. It is washed by two rivers, Amara or Abara, which ran through it, and Pharpar, called by the Greeks Chrysorrhoas, the golden stream, which ran on the outside of its walls. It is one of the most ancient cities in the world, for it existed in the time of Abraham, Gen 14:15; and how long before is not known. The city of Damascus is at present a place of considerable trade, owing to its being the rendezvous for all the pilgrims from the north of Asia, on their road to and from the temple of Mecca. It is surrounded with pretty strong walls, which have nine gates, and is between four and five miles in circumference. It contains about 100,000 inhabitants, some say more, the principal part of whom are Arabs and Turks, with whom live, in a state of considerable degradation, about 15,000 Christians. Damascus, like other places of importance, has passed through the hands of many masters. It was captured and ruined by Tiglath Pileser, who carried away its inhabitants to Kin, beyond the Euphrates, about 740 years before the Christian era; and thus was fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah, Isa 17:1-3, and that of Amos, Amo 1:4, Amo 1:5. It was also taken by Sennacherib, and by the generals of Alexander the Great. Metellus and Laelius seized it, during the war of Pompey with Tigranes; before Christ 65. It continued under the dominion of the Romans till the Saracens took possession of it, in a.d. 634. It was besieged and taken by Teemour lenk, a.d. 1400, who put all the inhabitants to the sword. The Egyptian Mamelukes repaired Damascus when they took possession of Syria; but the Turkish Emperor Selim having defeated them at the battle of Aleppo in 1516, Damascus was brought under the government of the Turks, and in their hands it still remains. In the time of St. Paul it was governed by Aretas, whose father, Obodas, had been governor of it under Augustus. Damascus is 112 miles south of Antioch; 130 N.N.E. of Jerusalem; and 270 S.S.W; of Diarbek. Longitude 37 east: latitude 33 45' north. The fruit tree called the Damascene, vulgarly Damazon, and the flower called the Damask rose, were transplanted from Damascus to the gardens of Europe; and the silks and linens, known by the name of Damasks, were probably first manufactured by the inhabitants of this ancient city. Any of this way - That is, this religion, for so דרך derec in Hebrew, and ὁδος, hodos, in Hellenistic Greek, are often to be understood. דרך יהוה derec Yehovah, the way of the Lord, implies the whole of the worship due to him, and prescribed by himself: the way or path in which he wills men to walk, that they may get safely through life, and finally attain everlasting felicity. The Jewish writers designate the whole doctrine and practice of Christianity by a similar expression, דרך הנוצרים derec hanotsarim, the way, doctrine, or sect of the Christians. Whether they were men or women - Provided they were Jews; for no converts had as yet been made among the Gentiles; nor did the power of the high priest and Sanhedrin extend to any but those who belonged to the synagogues. Pearce. In every country where there were Jews and synagogues, the power and authority of the Sanhedrin and high priest were acknowledged: just as papists in all countries acknowledge the authority of the pope. And as there can be but one pope, and one conclave, so there could be but one high priest, and one Sanhedrin; and this is the reason why the high priest and sanhedrin at Jerusalem had authority over all Jews, even in the most distant countries.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 14:15
  • Isa 17:1-3

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ovid
  • Pearce
  • Damascus
  • Damask
  • Darmask
  • Syria
  • Abara
  • Pharpar
  • Greeks Chrysorrhoas
  • Abraham
  • Asia
  • Mecca
  • Turks
  • Christians
  • Tiglath Pileser
  • Kin
  • Euphrates
  • Isaiah
  • Amos
  • Sennacherib
  • Great
  • Tigranes
  • St
  • Aretas
  • Obodas
  • Augustus
  • Antioch
  • Jerusalem
  • Diarbek
  • Damascene
  • Damazon
  • Europe
  • Damasks
  • Hellenistic Greek
  • Yehovah
  • Lord
  • Jews
  • Gentiles
  • Sanhedrin

Exposition: Acts 9:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:3

Greek
ἐν δὲ τῷ πορεύεσθαι ἐγένετο αὐτὸν ἐγγίζειν τῇ Δαμασκῷ, ⸂ἐξαίφνης τε αὐτὸν περιήστραψεν⸃ φῶς ⸀ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ,

en de to poreyesthai egeneto ayton eggizein te Damasko, exaiphnes te ayton periestrapsen phos ek toy oyranoy,

KJV: And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven:

AKJV: And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven:

ASV: And as he journeyed, it came to pass that he drew nigh unto Damascus: and suddenly there shone round about him a light out of heaven:

YLT: And in the going, he came nigh to Damascus, and suddenly there shone round about him a light from the heaven,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:3
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:3

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 3 Suddenly there shined round about him - This might have been an extraordinary flash of the electric fluid, accompanied with thunder, with which God chose to astonish and confound Saul and his company; but so modified it as to prevent it from striking them dead. Thunder would naturally follow such a large quantity of this fluid as appears to have been disengaged at this time; and out of this thunder, or immediately after it, Christ spoke in an awful and distinct voice, which appears to have been understood by Saul only.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 9:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:4

Greek
καὶ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἤκουσεν φωνὴν λέγουσαν αὐτῷ Σαοὺλ Σαούλ, τί με διώκεις;

kai peson epi ten gen ekoysen phonen legoysan ayto Saoyl Saoyl, ti me diokeis;

KJV: And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?

AKJV: And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying to him, Saul, Saul, why persecute you me?

ASV: and he fell upon the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?

YLT: and having fallen upon the earth, he heard a voice saying to him, `Saul, Saul, why me dost thou persecute?'

Commentary WitnessActs 9:4
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:4

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 4 And he fell to the earth - Being struck down with the lightning: many persons suppose he was on horseback, and painters thus represent him; but this is utterly without foundation. Painters are, in almost every case, wretched commentators.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 9:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:5

Greek
εἶπεν δέ· Τίς εἶ, κύριε; ὁ ⸀δέ· Ἐγώ εἰμι Ἰησοῦς ὃν σὺ διώκεις·

eipen de· Tis ei, kyrie; o de· Ego eimi Iesoys on sy diokeis·

KJV: And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.

AKJV: And he said, Who are you, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus whom you persecute: it is hard for you to kick against the pricks.

ASV: And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest:

YLT: And he said, Who art thou, Lord?' and the Lord said, I am Jesus whom thou dost persecute; hard for thee at the pricks to kick;'

Commentary WitnessActs 9:5
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:5

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 5 Who art thou, Lord? - Τις ει, Κυριε; Who art thou, Sir? He had no knowledge who it was that addressed him, and would only use the term Κυριε, as any Roman or Greek would, merely as a term of civil respect. I am Jesus whom thou persecutest - "Thy enmity is against me and my religion; and the injuries which thou dost to my followers I consider as done to myself." The following words, making twenty in the original, and thirty in our version, are found in no Greek MS. The words are, It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks: and he trembling and astonished said, Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? and the Lord said unto him. It is not very easy to account for such a large addition, which is not only not found in any Greek MS. yet discovered, but is wanting in the Itala, Erpen's Arabic, the Syriac, Coptic, Sahidic, and most of the Slavonian. It is found in the Vulgate, one of the Arabic, the Ethiopic, and Armenian; and was probably borrowed from Act 26:14, and some marginal notes. It is wanting also in the Complutensian edition, and in that of Bengel. Griesbach also leaves it out of the text. It is hard for thee, etc. - Σκληρον σοι προς κεντρα λακτιζειν. This is a proverbial expression, which exists, not only in substance, but even in so many words, both in the Greek and Latin writers. Κεντρον, kentron, signifies an ox goad, a piece of pointed iron stuck in the end of a stick, with which the ox is urged on when drawing the plough. The origin of the proverb seems to have been this: sometimes it happens that a restive or stubborn ox kicks back against the goad, and thus wounds himself more deeply: hence it has become a proverb to signify the fruitlessness and absurdity of rebelling against lawful authority, and the getting into greater difficulties by endeavoring to avoid trifling sufferings. So the proverb, Incidit in Scyllam qui vult vitare Charybdim. Out of the cauldron into the fire. "Out of bad into worse." The saying exists, almost in the apostolic form, in the following writers. Euripides, in Bacch. ver. 793: - Θυοιμ' αν αυτῳ μαλλον, η θυμουμενος Προς κεντρα λακτιζοιμι, θνητος ων, Θεῳ. "I, who am a frail mortal, should rather sacrifice to him who is a God, than, by giving place to anger, kick against the goads." And Aeschylus, in Agamemnon, ver. 1633: - Προς κεντρα μη λακτιζε. Kick not against the goads. And again in Prometh. Vinct. ver. 323: - Προς κεντρα κωλον εκτενεις, ὁρων ὁτι Τραχυς μοναρχος ουδ' ὑπευθυνος κρατει. "Thou stretchest out thy foot against goads, seeing the fierce monarch governs according to his own will." Resistance is of no use: the more thou dost rebel, the more keenly thou shalt suffer. See the Scholiast here. Pindar has a similar expression, Pyth. ii. ver. 171-5: - Φερειν δ' ελαφρως Επαυχενιον λαβοντα Ζυγον γ' αρηγει. Ποτι κεντρον δε τοι Λακτιζεμεν, τελεθει Ολισθηρος οιμος. "It is profitable to bear willingly the assumed yoke. To kick against the goad is pernicious conduct." Where see the Scholiast, who shows that "it is ridiculous for a man to fight with fortune: for if the unruly ox, from whom the metaphor is taken, kick against the goad, he shall suffer still more grievously." Terence uses the same figure. Phorm. Act i. scen. 2, ver. 27: - Venere in mentem mihi istaec: nam inscitia est, Adversum stimulum calces. - " These things have come to my recollection, for it is foolishness for thee to kick against a goad." Ovid has the same idea in other words, Trist. lib. ii. ver. 15: - At nunc (tanta meo comes est insania morbo) Saxa malum refero rursus ad icta pedem. Scilicet et victus repetit gladiator arenam; Et redit in tumidas naufraga puppis aquas. But madly now I wound myself alone, Dashing my injured foot against the stone: So to the wide arena, wild with pain, The vanquish'd gladiator hastes again; So the poor shatter'd bark the tempest braves, Launching once more into the swelling waves. Intelligent men, in all countries and in all ages of the world, have seen and acknowledged the folly and wickedness of fighting against God; of murmuring at the dispensations of his providence; of being impatient under affliction; and of opposing the purposes of his justice and mercy. The words contain a universal lesson, and teach us patience under affliction, and subjection to the sovereign will of God; and they especially show the desperate wickedness of endeavoring, by persecution, to hinder the dissemination of the truth of God in the earth. He that kicks against this goad does it at the risk of his final salvation. The fable of the viper and the file is another illustration of this proverb: it gnawed and licked the file, till it destroyed its teeth and wasted away its tongue. The maxim in the proverb should be early inculcated on the minds of children and scholars; when chastised for their faults, resistance and stubbornness produce increased coercion and chastisement. And let parents and masters learn that the oft-repeated use of the goad and ferula seldom tend to reclaim, but beget obduracy and desperation. The advice of Columella to the ploughman, having some relation to the proverb in the text, and a strong bearing on this latter part of the subject, is worthy of the most serious regard: "Voce potius quam verberibus terreat: ultimaque sint opus recusantibus remedia plagae. Nunquam stimulo lacessat juvencum, quod retrectantem calcitrosumque eum reddit: nonnunquam tamen admoneat flagello." Columella, De Re Rustica, lib. ii. cap. 2, in fine. "Let the husbandman intimidate his oxen more by his voice than by blows, to which he should never have recourse but in extreme cases. A young steer should never be goaded, for this will induce him to kick and run back; but on proper occasions the whip, as an incentive to activity, may be profitably used." In reference to the same subject, which all concerned should feel to be of the greatest importance I shall close with the advice of one greater than the Roman agriculturist: Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged, Col 3:21; but bring them up (εν παιδειᾳ και νουθεσιᾳ Κυριου) in the discipline and admonition of the Lord, Eph 6:4, using the authority that God has given you with a steady hand, actuated by a tender and feeling heart.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:5

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 26:14
  • Col 3:21
  • Eph 6:4

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ovid
  • Vulgate
  • Jesus
  • Lord
  • Itala
  • Arabic
  • Syriac
  • Coptic
  • Sahidic
  • Slavonian
  • Ethiopic
  • Armenian
  • Bengel
  • Charybdim
  • Euripides
  • Bacch
  • And Aeschylus
  • Agamemnon
  • Prometh
  • Vinct
  • Pyth
  • Scholiast
  • Phorm
  • Trist
  • Columella
  • De Re Rustica
  • Fathers

Exposition: Acts 9:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:6

Greek
ἀλλὰ ἀνάστηθι καὶ εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν πόλιν, καὶ λαληθήσεταί σοι ⸂ὅ τί⸃ σε δεῖ ποιεῖν.

alla anastethi kai eiselthe eis ten polin, kai lalethesetai soi o ti se dei poiein.

KJV: And he trembling and astonished said, Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.

AKJV: And he trembling and astonished said, Lord, what will you have me to do? And the Lord said to him, Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told you what you must do.

ASV: but rise, and enter into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.

YLT: trembling also, and astonished, he said, Lord, what dost thou wish me to do?' and the Lord said unto him, Arise, and enter into the city, and it shall be told thee what it behoveth thee to do.'

Commentary WitnessActs 9:6
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:6

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 6 Trembling - Under a strong apprehension of meeting the judgment he deserved. And astonished - At the light, the thunder, and the voice. Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? - The word Κυριε, Lord, is here to be understood in its proper sense, as expressing authority and dominion: in the 5th verse it appears to be equivalent to our word sir. The pride of the Pharisee is now brought down to the dust; and the fury of the persecutor is not only restrained, but the lion becomes a lamb. What wilt thou have me to do? Wilt thou condescend to employ me among thy meanest servants? Go into the city, and it shall be told thee, etc. - Jesus could have informed him at once what was his will concerning him; but he chose to make one of those very disciples whom he was going to bring in bonds to Jerusalem the means of his salvation: 1. To show that God will help man by man, that they may learn to love and respect each other. 2. That in the benevolence of Ananias he might see the spirit and tendency of that religion which he was persecuting, and of which he was shortly to become an apostle.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Lord

Exposition: Acts 9:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he trembling and astonished said, Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:7

Greek
οἱ δὲ ἄνδρες οἱ συνοδεύοντες αὐτῷ εἱστήκεισαν ἐνεοί, ἀκούοντες μὲν τῆς φωνῆς μηδένα δὲ θεωροῦντες.

oi de andres oi synodeyontes ayto eistekeisan eneoi, akoyontes men tes phones medena de theoroyntes.

KJV: And the men which journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing a voice, but seeing no man.

AKJV: And the men which journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing a voice, but seeing no man.

ASV: And the men that journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing the voice, but beholding no man.

YLT: And the men who are journeying with him stood speechless, hearing indeed the voice but seeing no one,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:7
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:7

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 7 Stood speechless, hearing a voice, but seeing no man - The men were εννεοι, stupified, hearing της φωνης, the voice or thunder, but not distinguishing the words, which were addressed to Saul alone; and which were spoken out of the thunder, or in a small, still voice, after the peal had ceased. The remarkable case, 1Kgs 19:11-13, may serve to illustrate that before us. And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the Lord; and the Lord passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks before the Lard; and after the wind an earthquake; and after the earthquake a fire; and after the fire a still small voice; and when Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave, and behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What Dost Thou Here, Elijah! The thunder must have been heard by all; the small, still voice by Saul alone. This consideration amply reconciles the passage in the text with that in Act 22:9, where Paul says, They that were with me saw the light and were afraid, but they heard not the voice of him that spoke with one. They had heard the thunder which followed the escape of the lightning, but they heard not the voice of him that spake to Saul; they did not hear the words, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest, etc.; but they saw and heard enough to convince them that the whole was supernatural; for they were all struck down to the earth with the splendor of the light, and the sound of the thunder, which I suppose took place on this occasion. It has been a question among divines, whether Jesus Christ did really appear to Saul on this occasion. The arguments against the real appearance are not strong. St. Luke tells us that those who were with him heard the voice, but they saw no man; which is a strong intimation that he saw what they did not. Ananias, it seems, was informed that there had been a real appearance, for, in addressing Saul, Act 9:17, he says, The Lord Jesus that Appeared unto Thee in the way as thou camest, etc. And Barnabas intimates thus much, when he brought him before the apostles at Jerusalem, for he declared unto them how he had Seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken unto him; and, Act 22:14, where the discourse of Ananias is given more at large, he says, The God of our fathers hath chosen thee that thou shouldest know his will, and See that Just One, and shouldest Hear the voice of his mouth; so we find that hearing the voice, or words of his mouth, was not what is called the appearance; for, besides this, there was an actual manifestation of the person of Christ. But St. Paul's own words, 1Cor 9:1, put the subject out of dispute: Am I not an apostle? Am I not free? Have I Not Seen Jesus Christ Our Lord? To which may be added, 1Cor 15:8, And last of all, He Was Seen of Me Also, as of one born out of due time.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:7

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • 1Kgs 19:11-13
  • Act 22:9
  • Act 9:17
  • Act 22:14
  • 1Cor 9:1
  • 1Cor 15:8

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Lord
  • Lard
  • Dost Thou Here
  • Saul
  • St
  • Ananias
  • Jerusalem
  • Just One
  • Christ
  • But St
  • Me Also

Exposition: Acts 9:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the men which journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing a voice, but seeing no man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:8

Greek
ἠγέρθη δὲ ⸀Σαῦλος ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, ἀνεῳγμένων ⸀δὲ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ ⸀οὐδὲν ἔβλεπεν· χειραγωγοῦντες δὲ αὐτὸν εἰσήγαγον εἰς Δαμασκόν.

egerthe de Saylos apo tes ges, aneogmenon de ton ophthalmon aytoy oyden eblepen· cheiragogoyntes de ayton eisegagon eis Damaskon.

KJV: And Saul arose from the earth; and when his eyes were opened, he saw no man: but they led him by the hand, and brought him into Damascus.

AKJV: And Saul arose from the earth; and when his eyes were opened, he saw no man: but they led him by the hand, and brought him into Damascus.

ASV: And Saul arose from the earth; and when his eyes were opened, he saw nothing; and they led him by the hand, and brought him into Damascus.

YLT: and Saul arose from the earth, and his eyes having been opened, he beheld no one, and leading him by the hand they brought him to Damascus,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:8
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:8

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 8 When his eyes were opened, he saw no man - Instead of ουδενα, no man, the Codex Alexandrinus, the Syriac, Vulgate, and some others, have ουδεν nothing. He not only saw no man, but he saw nothing, being quite blind; and therefore was led by the hand to Damascus, μη βλεπων, being without sight.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:8

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Vulgate
  • Codex Alexandrinus
  • Syriac
  • Damascus

Exposition: Acts 9:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Saul arose from the earth; and when his eyes were opened, he saw no man: but they led him by the hand, and brought him into Damascus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:9

Greek
καὶ ἦν ἡμέρας τρεῖς μὴ βλέπων, καὶ οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲ ἔπιεν.

kai en emeras treis me blepon, kai oyk ephagen oyde epien.

KJV: And he was three days without sight, and neither did eat nor drink.

AKJV: And he was three days without sight, and neither did eat nor drink. ¶

ASV: And he was three days without sight, and did neither eat nor drink.

YLT: and he was three days without seeing, and he did neither eat nor drink.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:9
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:9

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 9 Neither did eat nor drink - The anxiety of his mind and the anguish of his heart were so great that he had no appetite for food; and he continued in total darkness and without food for three days, till Ananias proclaimed salvation to him in the name of the Lord Jesus.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:9

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Lord Jesus

Exposition: Acts 9:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he was three days without sight, and neither did eat nor drink.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:10

Greek
Ἦν δέ τις μαθητὴς ἐν Δαμασκῷ ὀνόματι Ἁνανίας, καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ⸂ἐν ὁράματι ὁ κύριος⸃· Ἁνανία. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν· Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ, κύριε.

En de tis mathetes en Damasko onomati Ananias, kai eipen pros ayton en oramati o kyrios· Anania. o de eipen· Idoy ego, kyrie.

KJV: And there was a certain disciple at Damascus, named Ananias; and to him said the Lord in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I am here, Lord.

AKJV: And there was a certain disciple at Damascus, named Ananias; and to him said the Lord in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I am here, Lord.

ASV: Now there was a certain disciple at Damascus, named Ananias; and the Lord said unto him in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I am here, Lord.

YLT: And there was a certain disciple in Damascus, by name Ananias, and the Lord said unto him in a vision, Ananias;' and he said, Behold me, Lord;'

Commentary WitnessActs 9:10
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:10

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 10 A certain disciple - named Ananias - A general opinion has prevailed in the Greek Church that this Ananias was one of the seventy-two disciples, and that he was martyred; and they celebrate his martyrdom on the first of October. It has been farther stated that his house was turned into a church, which remains to the present day, though now occupied as a Turkish mosque; but even the Mohammedans have the tradition, and treat his memory with great respect. However this may be, from Act 22:12, we learn, what is of more importance, that he was a devout man according to the law, having a good report of all the Jews that dwelt there. See on Act 9:17 (note). To him said the Lord in a vision - Εν ὁραματι, In a strong impression made upon his mind, which left no doubt concerning its heavenly origin, nor of the truth of the things represented by it. It is very probable that the whole took place in a dream.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:10

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 22:12
  • Act 9:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • October

Exposition: Acts 9:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And there was a certain disciple at Damascus, named Ananias; and to him said the Lord in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I am here, Lord.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:11

Greek
ὁ δὲ κύριος πρὸς αὐτόν· ⸀Ἀναστὰς πορεύθητι ἐπὶ τὴν ῥύμην τὴν καλουμένην Εὐθεῖαν καὶ ζήτησον ἐν οἰκίᾳ Ἰούδα Σαῦλον ὀνόματι Ταρσέα, ἰδοὺ γὰρ προσεύχεται,

o de kyrios pros ayton· Anastas poreytheti epi ten rymen ten kaloymenen Eytheian kai zeteson en oikia Ioyda Saylon onomati Tarsea, idoy gar proseychetai,

KJV: And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the street which is called Straight, and enquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul, of Tarsus: for, behold, he prayeth,

AKJV: And the Lord said to him, Arise, and go into the street which is called Straight, and inquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul, of Tarsus: for, behold, he prays,

ASV: And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go to the street which is called Straight, and inquire in the house of Judas for one named Saul, a man of Tarsus: for behold, he prayeth;

YLT: and the Lord saith unto him, `Having risen, go on unto the street that is called Straight, and seek in the house of Judas, one by name Saul of Tarsus, for, lo, he doth pray,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:11
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:11

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 11 Arise, and go into the street which is called Straight - How very particular is this direction! And it was necessary that it should be so, that he might see the whole to be a Divine communication; the house was probably one in which Saul was accustomed to reside when at Damascus; and where he was known as a native of Tarsus. Tarsus was a city of Cilicia, seated on the Cydnus, and now called Tarasso. It was, at one period, the capital of all Cilicia, and became a rival to Alexandria and Athens in the arts and sciences. The inhabitants, in the time of Julius Caesar, having shown themselves friendly to the Romans, were endowed with all the privileges of Roman citizens; and it was on this account that St. Paul claimed the rights of a Roman citizen; a circumstance which, on different occasions, was to him, and the cause in which he was engaged, of considerable service. Behold, he prayeth - He is earnestly seeking to know my will, and to find the salvation of his soul; therefore, go speedily, and direct him. Some have laid needless stress on these words, as if they intimated, that "though Saul as a Pharisee had often said his prayers, yet he had never prayed them till now." This is not correct: he could himself testify that, while he was a Pharisee, he had lived in all good conscience towards God; and consequently, in that time, made many faithful and fervent prayers; but he was praying now for instruction, and his prayers were speedily answered.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:11

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Arise
  • Damascus
  • Tarsus
  • Cilicia
  • Cydnus
  • Tarasso
  • Julius Caesar
  • Romans
  • St
  • Behold
  • Pharisee

Exposition: Acts 9:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the street which is called Straight, and enquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul, of Tarsus: for, behold, he prayeth,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:12

Greek
καὶ εἶδεν ⸂ἄνδρα ἐν ὁράματι Ἁνανίαν ὀνόματι⸃ εἰσελθόντα καὶ ἐπιθέντα αὐτῷ ⸀χεῖρας ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃ.

kai eiden andra en oramati Ananian onomati eiselthonta kai epithenta ayto cheiras opos anablepse.

KJV: And hath seen in a vision a man named Ananias coming in, and putting his hand on him, that he might receive his sight.

AKJV: And has seen in a vision a man named Ananias coming in, and putting his hand on him, that he might receive his sight.

ASV: and he hath seen a man named Ananias coming in, and laying his hands on him, that he might receive his sight.

YLT: and he saw in a vision a man, by name Ananias, coming in, and putting a hand on him, that he may see again.'

Commentary WitnessActs 9:12
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:12

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 12 Hath seen in a vision - While God prepares Ananias, by a vision, to go and minister to Saul, he at the same time prepares Saul, by another vision, to profit by this ministry.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:12

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ananias
  • Saul

Exposition: Acts 9:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And hath seen in a vision a man named Ananias coming in, and putting his hand on him, that he might receive his sight.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:13

Greek
ἀπεκρίθη δὲ Ἁνανίας· Κύριε, ⸀ἤκουσα ἀπὸ πολλῶν περὶ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τούτου, ὅσα κακὰ ⸂τοῖς ἁγίοις σου ἐποίησεν⸃ ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ·

apekrithe de Ananias· Kyrie, ekoysa apo pollon peri toy andros toytoy, osa kaka tois agiois soy epoiesen en Ieroysalem·

KJV: Then Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard by many of this man, how much evil he hath done to thy saints at Jerusalem:

AKJV: Then Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard by many of this man, how much evil he has done to your saints at Jerusalem:

ASV: But Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard from many of this man, how much evil he did to thy saints at Jerusalem:

YLT: And Ananias answered, `Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how many evils he did to Thy saints in Jerusalem,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:13
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:13

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 13 Lord, I have heard by many of this man - This was all done in a dream, else this sort of reasoning with his Maker would have been intolerable in Ananias. Saul had been a notorious persecutor; many could testify of his outrageous acts against the poor followers of Christ. Thy saints - That is, the Christians, or followers of Christ. Ἁγιοι signifies not only holy persons, but also consecrated persons; from α, negative, and γη, the earth; persons who are separated from all earthly uses, and consecrated to the service of God alone.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:13

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Lord
  • Ananias
  • Christ
  • Christians

Exposition: Acts 9:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard by many of this man, how much evil he hath done to thy saints at Jerusalem:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:14

Greek
καὶ ὧδε ἔχει ἐξουσίαν παρὰ τῶν ἀρχιερέων δῆσαι πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομά σου.

kai ode echei exoysian para ton archiereon desai pantas toys epikaloymenoys to onoma soy.

KJV: And here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that call on thy name.

AKJV: And here he has authority from the chief priests to bind all that call on your name.

ASV: and here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that call upon thy name.

YLT: and here he hath authority from the chief priests, to bind all those calling on Thy name.'

Commentary WitnessActs 9:14
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:14

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 14 And here he hath authority, etc. - Ananias had undoubtedly heard of Saul's coming, and the commission he had received from the chief priests; and he was about to urge this as a reason why he should have no connection with so dangerous a man.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:14

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Acts 9:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that call on thy name.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:15

Greek
εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος· Πορεύου, ὅτι σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς ⸂ἐστίν μοι⸃ οὗτος τοῦ βαστάσαι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐνώπιον ⸀ἐθνῶν ⸀τε καὶ βασιλέων υἱῶν τε Ἰσραήλ,

eipen de pros ayton o kyrios· Poreyoy, oti skeyos ekloges estin moi oytos toy bastasai to onoma moy enopion ethnon te kai basileon yion te Israel,

KJV: But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel:

AKJV: But the Lord said to him, Go your way: for he is a chosen vessel to me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel:

ASV: But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles and kings, and the children of Israel:

YLT: And the Lord said unto him, `Be going on, because a choice vessel to Me is this one, to bear My name before nations and kings--the sons also of Israel;

Commentary WitnessActs 9:15
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:15

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 15 Go thy way - He was thus prevented from going farther in his reasoning on this subject. He is a chosen vessel unto me - The word σκευος in Greek, and כלי Keley in Hebrew, though they literally signify a vessel, yet they are both used to signify any kind of instrument, or the means by which an act is done. In the Tract. Sohar Exod. fol. 87, on these words of Boaz to Ruth, Rut 2:9, When thou art athirst, go unto the vessels and drink, etc., there are these remarkable words. "כלי keley, vessels; that is, the righteous, who are called the vessels or instruments of Jehovah; for it is decreed that the whole world shall bring gifts to the King Messiah; and these are the vessels of the Lord: vessels, I say, which the holy and blessed God uses, although they be brittle; but they are brittle only in this world, that they may establish the law and the worship with which the holy and blessed God is worshipped in this world; neither can this ministry be exercised but by vessels or instruments." This mode of speech was common also among the Greek and Roman writers. So Polybius, speaking of Damocles, Excerpta, vol. iii. lib. 13, [Edit. Ernesti], says, Ην ὑπηρετικον σκευος, και πολλας εχων εφορμας εις πραγματων οικονομιαν. "He was a useful instrument, and fit for the management of affairs." We find Paul, in 1Thes 4:4, using the same word, σκευος, for the body, agreeable to the expression of Lucretius, iii. 441, Corpus, quod Vas quasi constitit ejus. "The Body, which is the Vessel or instrument of the soul." See Bp. Pearce on this passage. Chosen vessel. - Σκευος εκλογης is properly a Hebraism, for an excellent or well-adapted instrument. Every reader of the Bible must have noticed how often the word chosen is used there to signify excelling or eminent: so we use the word choice, "choice men," eminent persons; "choice things," excellent articles. So in Jer 22:7 : They shall cut down the choice cedars, וכרתו מבחר ארזיך vecaretu Mibchar arazeyca; και εκκοψουσι τας εκλεκτας κεδρους σου, Sept. They shall cut the most Excellent of thy cedars; or thy cedar trees, which are the most excellent of their kind, they will cut down. Whoever considers the character of St. Paul, his education, attainments in natural knowledge, the distinguished part he took - first against Christianity, and afterwards, on the fullest conviction, the part he took in its favor - will at once perceive how well he was every way qualified for the great work to which God had called him. To bear my name before the Gentiles - To carry the ensign of the cross among the Greeks and Romans; and, by the demonstration of the Spirit, to confound their wisdom and learning, and prove that neither salvation nor happiness could be found in any other. Hence he was emphatically called, the apostle of the Gentiles, 1Tim 2:7; 2Tim 1:11. See also Gal 2:7, Gal 2:8, and Eph 3:8.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:15

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Jer 22:7
  • 1Tim 2:7
  • 2Tim 1:11
  • Gal 2:7
  • Gal 2:8
  • Eph 3:8

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Pearce
  • Greek
  • Tract
  • Sohar Exod
  • Ruth
  • Jehovah
  • King Messiah
  • Lord
  • So Polybius
  • Damocles
  • Excerpta
  • Edit
  • Paul
  • Lucretius
  • Corpus
  • The Body
  • See Bp
  • Hebraism
  • Sept
  • St
  • Christianity
  • Romans
  • Gentiles

Exposition: Acts 9:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:16

Greek
ἐγὼ γὰρ ὑποδείξω αὐτῷ ὅσα δεῖ αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου παθεῖν.

ego gar ypodeixo ayto osa dei ayton yper toy onomatos moy pathein.

KJV: For I will shew him how great things he must suffer for my name’s sake.

AKJV: For I will show him how great things he must suffer for my name’s sake.

ASV: for I will show him how many things he must suffer for my name’s sake.

YLT: for I will shew him how many things it behoveth him for My name to suffer.'

Commentary WitnessActs 9:16
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:16

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 16 How great things he must suffer - Instead of proceeding as a persecutor, and inflicting sufferings on others, I will show him how many things he himself must suffer for preaching that very doctrine which he has been hitherto employed in persecuting. Strange change indeed! And with great show of reason, as with incontrovertible strength of argument, has a noble writer, Lord Lyttleton, adduced the conversion of Saul of Tarsus, and his subsequent conduct, as an irrefragable proof of the truth of Christianity. Some think that the words, I will show him, etc., refer to a visionary representation, which Christ was immediately to give Saul, of the trials and difficulties which he should have to encounter; as also of that death by which he should seal his testimony to the truth. If so, what a most thorough conviction must Saul have had of the truth of Christianity, cheerfully and deliberately to give up all worldly honors and profits, and go forward in a work which he knew a violent death was to terminate!

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:16

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Lord Lyttleton
  • Tarsus
  • Christianity
  • Saul

Exposition: Acts 9:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I will shew him how great things he must suffer for my name’s sake.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:17

Greek
ἀπῆλθεν δὲ Ἁνανίας καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν, καὶ ἐπιθεὶς ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας εἶπεν· Σαοὺλ ἀδελφέ, ὁ κύριος ἀπέσταλκέν με, ⸀Ἰησοῦς ὁ ὀφθείς σοι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἤρχου, ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς καὶ πλησθῇς πνεύματος ἁγίου.

apelthen de Ananias kai eiselthen eis ten oikian, kai epitheis ep ayton tas cheiras eipen· Saoyl adelphe, o kyrios apestalken me, Iesoys o ophtheis soi en te odo e erchoy, opos anablepses kai plesthes pneymatos agioy.

KJV: And Ananias went his way, and entered into the house; and putting his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost.

AKJV: And Ananias went his way, and entered into the house; and putting his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, that appeared to you in the way as you came, has sent me, that you might receive your sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost.

ASV: And Ananias departed, and entered into the house; and laying his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, who appeared unto thee in the way which thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mayest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Spirit.

YLT: And Ananias went away, and did enter into the house, and having put upon him his hands, said, `Saul, brother, the Lord hath sent me--Jesus who did appear to thee in the way in which thou wast coming--that thou mayest see again, and mayest be filled with the Holy Spirit.'

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 9:17
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 9:17

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 9:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Ananias went his way, and entered into the house; and putting his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:17

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 9:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Brother Saul
  • Lord
  • Holy Ghost

Exposition: Acts 9:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Ananias went his way, and entered into the house; and putting his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mightest receive...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:18

Greek
καὶ εὐθέως ἀπέπεσαν ⸂αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν⸃ ⸀ὡς λεπίδες, ἀνέβλεψέν τε καὶ ἀναστὰς ἐβαπτίσθη,

kai eytheos apepesan aytoy apo ton ophthalmon os lepides, aneblepsen te kai anastas ebaptisthe,

KJV: And immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales: and he received sight forthwith, and arose, and was baptized.

AKJV: And immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales: and he received sight immediately, and arose, and was baptized.

ASV: And straightway there fell from his eyes as it were scales, and he received his sight; and he arose and was baptized;

YLT: And immediately there fell from his eyes as it were scales, he saw again also presently, and having risen, was baptized,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:18
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:18

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 18 There fell from his eyes as it had been scales - This was real: he had been so dazzled with the brightness of the light that we may suppose the globe of the eye, and particularly the cornea, had suffered considerable injury. The structure of the cornea was doubtless much disturbed, and the whole of that humor would be rendered opaque, and incapable of permitting the rays of light to pass through the different humours to the retina, where all the images of things transmitted through the lenses, or humours, are distinctly painted. In the miraculous cure the membrane was restored to its primitive state, and the opaque matter separated from the cornea, in the form of thin laminae or scales. This being done, the light would have as free a passage as formerly, and the result would be distinct vision. And arose, and was baptized - That he was baptized by Ananias there is every reason to believe; as he appears to have been the chief Christian at Damascus. As baptism implied, in an adult, the public profession of that faith into which he was baptized, this baptism of Saul proved, at once, his own sincerity, and the deep and thorough conviction he had of the truth of Christianity.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:18

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Damascus
  • Christianity

Exposition: Acts 9:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales: and he received sight forthwith, and arose, and was baptized.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:19

Greek
καὶ λαβὼν τροφὴν ⸀ἐνίσχυσεν. Ἐγένετο ⸀δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἐν Δαμασκῷ μαθητῶν ἡμέρας τινὰς,

kai labon trophen enischysen. Egeneto de meta ton en Damasko matheton emeras tinas,

KJV: And when he had received meat, he was strengthened. Then was Saul certain days with the disciples which were at Damascus.

AKJV: And when he had received meat, he was strengthened. Then was Saul certain days with the disciples which were at Damascus.

ASV: and he took food and was strengthened. And he was certain days with the disciples that were at Damascus.

YLT: and having received nourishment, was strengthened, and Saul was with the disciples in Damascus certain days,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:19
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:19

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 19 When he had received meat, he was strengthened - His mind must have been greatly worn down under his three days' conviction of sin, and the awful uncertainty he was in concerning his state; but when he was baptized, and had received the Holy Ghost, his soul was Divinely invigorated; and now, by taking food, his bodily strength, greatly exhausted by three days' fasting, was renewed also. The body is not supported by the bread of life, nor the soul by the bread that perisheth: each must have its proper aliment, that the whole man may be invigorated, and be enabled to perform all the functions of the animal and spiritual life with propriety and effect. Then was Saul certain days with the disciples - Doubtless under instructions, relative to the doctrines of Christianity; which he must learn particularly, in order to preach them successfully. His miraculous conversion did not imply that he must then have a consummate knowledge of every Christian doctrine. To this day we find that even the genuine Christian convert has a thousand things to learn; and for his instruction he is placed in the Church of Christ, where he is built up on his most holy faith by the ministry and experience of the disciples. Without the communion of saints, who is likely to make a steady and consistent Christian; even though his conversion should have been the most sincere and the most remarkable?

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:19

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Holy Ghost
  • Christianity
  • Christ
  • Christian

Exposition: Acts 9:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he had received meat, he was strengthened. Then was Saul certain days with the disciples which were at Damascus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:20

Greek
καὶ εὐθέως ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς ἐκήρυσσεν τὸν ⸀Ἰησοῦν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ.

kai eytheos en tais synagogais ekeryssen ton Iesoyn oti oytos estin o yios toy theoy.

KJV: And straightway he preached Christ in the synagogues, that he is the Son of God.

AKJV: And straightway he preached Christ in the synagogues, that he is the Son of God.

ASV: And straightway in the synagogues he proclaimed Jesus, that he is the Son of God.

YLT: and immediately in the synagogues he was preaching the Christ, that he is the Son of God.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:20
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:20

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 20 Preached Christ in the synagogues - Instead of ΧριϚον, Christ, Ιησουν, Jesus, is the reading of ABCE, several others of high importance, together with the Syriac, Coptic, Ethiopic, Armenian, Slavonic, and Vulgate. The great question to be determined, for the conviction of the Jews, was that Jesus was the Son of God. That the Christ, or Messiah, was to be the Son of God, they all believed. Saul was now convinced that Jesus, whom they had crucified, and who had appeared to him on the way, was the Son of God, or Messiah; and therefore as such he proclaimed him. The word Christ should be changed for Jesus, as the latter is, without doubt, the genuine reading. The first offers of the grace of the Gospel were uniformly made to the Jews. Saul did not at first offer Jesus to the heathens at Damascus; but to the synagogues of the Jews.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:20

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Vulgate
  • Jesus
  • Christ
  • Syriac
  • Coptic
  • Ethiopic
  • Armenian
  • Slavonic
  • Jews
  • Messiah
  • Damascus

Exposition: Acts 9:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And straightway he preached Christ in the synagogues, that he is the Son of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:21

Greek
ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες οἱ ἀκούοντες καὶ ἔλεγον· Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ πορθήσας ⸀ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο, καὶ ὧδε εἰς τοῦτο ἐληλύθει ἵνα δεδεμένους αὐτοὺς ἀγάγῃ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς;

existanto de pantes oi akoyontes kai elegon· Oych oytos estin o porthesas en Ieroysalem toys epikaloymenoys to onoma toyto, kai ode eis toyto elelythei ina dedemenoys aytoys agage epi toys archiereis;

KJV: But all that heard him were amazed, and said; Is not this he that destroyed them which called on this name in Jerusalem, and came hither for that intent, that he might bring them bound unto the chief priests?

AKJV: But all that heard him were amazed, and said; Is not this he that destroyed them which called on this name in Jerusalem, and came here for that intent, that he might bring them bound to the chief priests?

ASV: And all that heard him were amazed, and said, Is not this he that in Jerusalem made havoc of them that called on this name? and he had come hither for this intent, that he might bring them bound before the chief priests.

YLT: And all those hearing were amazed, and said, `Is not this he who laid waist in Jerusalem those calling on this name, and hither to this intent had come, that he might bring them bound to the chief priests?'

Commentary WitnessActs 9:21
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:21

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 21 Is not this he that destroyed them - Ὁ πορθησας. The verb πορθειν has three acceptations in the Greek writers: 1. To treat one as an enemy, to spoil him of his goods. 2. To lead away captive, to imprison. 3. To slay. Paul was properly πορθων, a destroyer, in all these senses. 1. He acted as the most determined enemy of the Christians: Being exceedingly mad against them, he persecuted them to strange cities, Act 26:11. 2. He shut up many of the saints in prison, Act 8:3; Act 9:14; Act 26:10. 3. He persecuted them unto death - gave his voice against them that they might be destroyed, and was a principal instrument in the martyrdom of Stephen. He breathed threatenings and slaughter. See Act 7:58; Act 8:1; Act 9:1; Act 26:10, Act 26:11. Therefore these three meanings of the original word are all exemplified in the conduct of Saul.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:21

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 26:11
  • Act 8:3
  • Act 9:14
  • Act 26:10
  • Act 7:58
  • Act 8:1
  • Act 9:1

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Christians
  • Stephen
  • Saul

Exposition: Acts 9:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But all that heard him were amazed, and said; Is not this he that destroyed them which called on this name in Jerusalem, and came hither for that intent, that he might bring them bound unto the chief priests?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:22

Greek
Σαῦλος δὲ μᾶλλον ἐνεδυναμοῦτο καὶ ⸀συνέχυννεν ⸀τοὺς Ἰουδαίους τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν Δαμασκῷ, συμβιβάζων ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ χριστός.

Saylos de mallon enedynamoyto kai synechynnen toys Ioydaioys toys katoikoyntas en Damasko, symbibazon oti oytos estin o christos.

KJV: But Saul increased the more in strength, and confounded the Jews which dwelt at Damascus, proving that this is very Christ.

AKJV: But Saul increased the more in strength, and confounded the Jews which dwelled at Damascus, proving that this is very Christ. ¶

ASV: But Saul increased the more in strength, and confounded the Jews that dwelt at Damascus, proving that this is the Christ.

YLT: And Saul was still more strengthened, and he was confounding the Jews dwelling in Damascus, proving that this is the Christ.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:22
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:22

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 22 Confounded the Jews - Συνεχυνε, Overwhelmed them so with his arguments that they were obliged to blush for the weakness of their own cause. Proving that this - Οὑτος, This person, viz. Jesus, is very Christ; εϚιν ὁ ΧριϚος, Is the Christ, or Messiah. See on Act 9:21 (note).

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:22

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 9:21

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Christ
  • Messiah

Exposition: Acts 9:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Saul increased the more in strength, and confounded the Jews which dwelt at Damascus, proving that this is very Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:23

Greek
Ὡς δὲ ἐπληροῦντο ἡμέραι ἱκαναί, συνεβουλεύσαντο οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἀνελεῖν αὐτόν·

Os de epleroynto emerai ikanai, syneboyleysanto oi Ioydaioi anelein ayton·

KJV: And after that many days were fulfilled, the Jews took counsel to kill him:

AKJV: And after that many days were fulfilled, the Jews took counsel to kill him:

ASV: And when many days were fulfilled, the Jews took counsel together to kill him:

YLT: And when many days were fulfilled, the Jews took counsel together to kill him,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:23
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:23

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 23 And after that many days were fulfilled - What follows relates to transactions which took place about three years after his conversion, when he had come a second time to Damascus, after having been in Arabia. See Gal 1:17, Gal 1:18. What he did in Arabia we know not; he probably preached Christ in different Jewish synagogues; but with what fruit we are not told. St. Luke, who could not have been ignorant of this part of his history, passes it over in silence; and any assertion, at this distance of time, Relative to his employment in Arabia for those three years, must be both foolish and impertinent.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:23

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gal 1:17
  • Gal 1:18

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Damascus
  • Arabia
  • St
  • Luke

Exposition: Acts 9:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And after that many days were fulfilled, the Jews took counsel to kill him:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:24

Greek
ἐγνώσθη δὲ τῷ Σαύλῳ ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ αὐτῶν. ⸂παρετηροῦντο δὲ καὶ⸃ τὰς πύλας ἡμέρας τε καὶ νυκτὸς ὅπως αὐτὸν ἀνέλωσιν·

egnosthe de to Saylo e epiboyle ayton. pareteroynto de kai tas pylas emeras te kai nyktos opos ayton anelosin·

KJV: But their laying await was known of Saul. And they watched the gates day and night to kill him.

AKJV: But their laying await was known of Saul. And they watched the gates day and night to kill him.

ASV: but their plot became known to Saul. And they watched the gates also day and night that they might kill him:

YLT: and their counsel against him was known to Saul; they were also watching the gates both day and night, that they may kill him,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:24
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:24

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 24 They watched the gates day and night to kill him - At this time Damascus was under the government of Aretas, king of Arabia, who was now at war with Herod, his son-in-law, who had put away his daughter in order to marry Herodias, his brother Philip's wife. As Herod was supported by the Romans, Saul's enemies might intimate that he was in league with them or Herod; and, as the gates of the city were constantly watched and shut, that no spy might enter, and no fugitive get away, they thought it would be easy to apprehend him; and doubtless got orders for the different officers at the gates to be on the look-out that he might not be permitted to escape.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:24

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Aretas
  • Arabia
  • Herod
  • Herodias
  • Romans

Exposition: Acts 9:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But their laying await was known of Saul. And they watched the gates day and night to kill him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:25

Greek
λαβόντες δὲ ⸂οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ⸃ νυκτὸς ⸂διὰ τοῦ τείχους καθῆκαν αὐτὸν⸃ χαλάσαντες ἐν σπυρίδι.

labontes de oi mathetai aytoy nyktos dia toy teichoys kathekan ayton chalasantes en spyridi.

KJV: Then the disciples took him by night, and let him down by the wall in a basket.

AKJV: Then the disciples took him by night, and let him down by the wall in a basket.

ASV: but his disciples took him by night, and let him down through the wall, lowering him in a basket.

YLT: and the disciples having taken him, by night did let him down by the wall, letting down in a basket.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:25
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:25

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 25 Let him down, by the wall - Favoured, probably, by a house built against or upon the wall, through the window of which they could lower him in a basket; and by this means he made his escape. His escape was something similar to that of the spies at Jericho, Jos 2:15.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:25

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Favoured
  • Jericho

Exposition: Acts 9:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then the disciples took him by night, and let him down by the wall in a basket.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:26

Greek
Παραγενόμενος δὲ ⸀εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ ⸀ἐπείραζεν κολλᾶσθαι τοῖς μαθηταῖς· καὶ πάντες ἐφοβοῦντο αὐτόν, μὴ πιστεύοντες ὅτι ἐστὶν μαθητής.

Paragenomenos de eis Ieroysalem epeirazen kollasthai tois mathetais· kai pantes ephoboynto ayton, me pisteyontes oti estin mathetes.

KJV: And when Saul was come to Jerusalem, he assayed to join himself to the disciples: but they were all afraid of him, and believed not that he was a disciple.

AKJV: And when Saul was come to Jerusalem, he assayed to join himself to the disciples: but they were all afraid of him, and believed not that he was a disciple.

ASV: And when he was come to Jerusalem, he assayed to join himself to the disciples: and they were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple.

YLT: And Saul, having come to Jerusalem, did try to join himself to the disciples, and they were all afraid of him, not believing that he is a disciple,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:26
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:26

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 26 He assayed to join himself to the disciples - Επειρατο κολλασθαι, He endeavored to get closely united to them, to be in religious fellowship with them. Believed not that he was a disciple - They did not suppose it possible that such a person could be converted to the faith of Christ. The full power of Divine grace, in the conversion of the soul, was not yet completely known.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:26

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Christ

Exposition: Acts 9:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when Saul was come to Jerusalem, he assayed to join himself to the disciples: but they were all afraid of him, and believed not that he was a disciple.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:27

Greek
Βαρναβᾶς δὲ ἐπιλαβόμενος αὐτὸν ἤγαγεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀποστόλους, καὶ διηγήσατο αὐτοῖς πῶς ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ εἶδεν τὸν κύριον καὶ ὅτι ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ καὶ πῶς ἐν Δαμασκῷ ἐπαρρησιάσατο ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι ⸀τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.

Barnabas de epilabomenos ayton egagen pros toys apostoloys, kai diegesato aytois pos en te odo eiden ton kyrion kai oti elalesen ayto kai pos en Damasko eparresiasato en to onomati toy Iesoy.

KJV: But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the apostles, and declared unto them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus.

AKJV: But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the apostles, and declared to them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus.

ASV: But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the apostles, and declared unto them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how at Damascus he had preached boldly in the name of Jesus.

YLT: and Barnabas having taken him, brought him unto the apostles, and did declare to them how in the way he saw the Lord, and that he spake to him, and how in Damascus he was speaking boldly in the name of Jesus.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:27
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:27

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 27 Barnabas - brought him to the apostles - That is, to Peter and James; for others of the apostles he saw none, Gal 1:19. It appears that he went up at this time to Jerusalem merely to see Peter, with whom he abode fifteen days, Gal 1:18. How it came that the apostles and Church at Jerusalem had not heard of Saul's conversion, which had taken place three years before, is not easy to be accounted for. The following considerations may help; 1. It is certain that intelligence did not travel speedily in those primitive times; there were few open roads, and no regular posts, except those between military stations. 2. Though there were many Jews in Damascus, and several Christians, yet the city was heathen, and under a heathen king, with whom the Jews at Jerusalem could have little commerce. 3. Though Herod had married the daughter of Aretas, yet, as he had put her away, there were great animosities between the two courts, which at last broke out into an open war; this must have prevented all social and commercial intercourse. 4. The Christians were at that time greatly persecuted by the Jews, and therefore the few that dwelt at Damascus could have little connection, if any, with their brethren at Jerusalem. 5. It might be the interest of the Jews at Jerusalem, supposing they had heard of it, to keep the fact of Saul's conversion as quiet as possible, that the Christian cause might not gain credit by it. 6. They might have heard of his conversion; but either did not fully credit what they had heard, or were not satisfied that the person who now presented himself was the man; for it is not likely that all the Christians at Jerusalem had been personally acquainted with Saul.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:27

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gal 1:19
  • Gal 1:18

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • James
  • Peter
  • Damascus
  • Christians
  • Aretas
  • Jews
  • Jerusalem
  • Saul

Exposition: Acts 9:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the apostles, and declared unto them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:28

Greek
καὶ ἦν μετʼ αὐτῶν εἰσπορευόμενος ⸂καὶ ἐκπορευόμενος⸃ εἰς ⸀Ἰερουσαλήμ, παρρησιαζόμενος ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ ⸀κυρίου,

kai en met ayton eisporeyomenos kai ekporeyomenos eis Ieroysalem, parresiazomenos en to onomati toy kyrioy,

KJV: And he was with them coming in and going out at Jerusalem.

AKJV: And he was with them coming in and going out at Jerusalem.

ASV: And he was with them going in and going out at Jerusalem,

YLT: And he was with them, coming in and going out in Jerusalem,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:28
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:28

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 28 He was with them coming in and going out - Freely conversing and associating with them; but this seems to have continued only fifteen days. See Gal 1:18.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:28

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gal 1:18

Exposition: Acts 9:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he was with them coming in and going out at Jerusalem.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:29

Greek
ἐλάλει τε καὶ συνεζήτει πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστάς· οἱ δὲ ἐπεχείρουν ⸂ἀνελεῖν αὐτόν⸃.

elalei te kai synezetei pros toys Ellenistas· oi de epecheiroyn anelein ayton.

KJV: And he spake boldly in the name of the Lord Jesus, and disputed against the Grecians: but they went about to slay him.

AKJV: And he spoke boldly in the name of the Lord Jesus, and disputed against the Grecians: but they went about to slay him.

ASV: preaching boldly in the name of the Lord: and he spake and disputed against the Grecian Jews; but they were seeking to kill him.

YLT: and speaking boldly in the name of the Lord Jesus, he was both speaking and disputing with the Hellenists, and they were taking in hand to kill him,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:29
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:29

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 29 Disputed against the Grecians - That is, the Hellenistic Jews, viz. those who lived in Grecian cities, spoke the Greek language, and used the Septuagint version for their scriptures. And thus the Syriac version has interpreted this place. See the note on Act 6:1, where this subject is largely explained.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:29

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 6:1

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Septuagint
  • Hellenistic Jews

Exposition: Acts 9:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he spake boldly in the name of the Lord Jesus, and disputed against the Grecians: but they went about to slay him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:30

Greek
ἐπιγνόντες δὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ κατήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς Καισάρειαν καὶ ἐξαπέστειλαν αὐτὸν εἰς Ταρσόν.

epignontes de oi adelphoi kategagon ayton eis Kaisareian kai exapesteilan ayton eis Tarson.

KJV: Which when the brethren knew, they brought him down to Cesarea, and sent him forth to Tarsus.

AKJV: Which when the brothers knew, they brought him down to Caesarea, and sent him forth to Tarsus.

ASV: And when the brethren knew it, they brought him down to Cæsarea, and sent him forth to Tarsus.

YLT: and the brethren having known, brought him down to Caesarea, and sent him forth to Tarsus.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:30
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:30

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 30 They brought him down to Caesarea - Calmet contends that this was Caesarea of Palestine, and not Caesarea Philippi; it being his opinion, and indeed that of others, that where this word occurs without any addition, in the New Testament, Caesarea of Palestine is meant, and not Caesarea Philippi. See on Act 8:40 (note). Sent him forth to Tarsus - This was his own city; and it was right that he should proclaim to his own countrymen and relatives that Gospel through which he was become wise to salvation.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:30

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 8:40

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Palestine
  • Caesarea Philippi
  • New Testament

Exposition: Acts 9:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which when the brethren knew, they brought him down to Cesarea, and sent him forth to Tarsus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:31

Greek
⸂Ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐκκλησία καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ Γαλιλαίας καὶ Σαμαρείας εἶχεν εἰρήνην οἰκοδομουμένη, καὶ πορευομένη τῷ φόβῳ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ τῇ παρακλήσει τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐπληθύνετο⸃.

E men oyn ekklesia kath oles tes Ioydaias kai Galilaias kai Samareias eichen eirenen oikodomoymene, kai poreyomene to phobo toy kyrioy kai te paraklesei toy agioy pneymatos eplethyneto.

KJV: Then had the churches rest throughout all Judea and Galilee and Samaria, and were edified; and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Ghost, were multiplied.

AKJV: Then had the churches rest throughout all Judaea and Galilee and Samaria, and were edified; and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Ghost, were multiplied. ¶

ASV: So the church throughout all Judæa and Galilee and Samaria had peace, being edified; and, walking in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit, was multiplied.

YLT: Then, indeed, the assemblies throughout all Judea, and Galilee, and Samaria, had peace, being built up, and, going on in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit, they were multiplied.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:31
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:31

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 31 Then had the Churches rest - Instead of ἱα εκκλησιαι, the Churches, ABC, several others, the Syriac, Coptic, Ethiopic, Armenian, and Vulgate, have ἡεκκλησια, the Church. Every assembly of God's people was a Church; the aggregate of these assemblies was The Church. The wordειρηνην, which we translate rest, and which literally signifies peace, evidently means, in this place, prosperity; and in this sense both it and the Hebrew שלום shalom are repeatedly used. But what was the cause of this rest or success? Some say, the conversion of Saul, who before made havoc of the Church; but this is not likely, as he could not be a universal cause of persecution and distress, however active and virulent he might have been during the time of his enmity to the Christian Church. Besides his own persecution, related above, shows that the opposition to the Gospel continued with considerable virulence three years after his conversion; therefore it was not Saul's ceasing to be a persecutor that gave this rest to the Churches. Dr. Lardner, with a greater show of probability, maintains that this rest was owing to the following circumstance: Soon after Caligula's accession to the imperial dignity, the Jews at Alexandria suffered very much from the Egyptians in that city; and at length their oratories were all destroyed. In the third year of Caligula, a.d. 39, Petronius, who was made president of Syria in the place of Vitellius, was sent by the emperor to set up his statue in the temple at Jerusalem. This was a thunder-stroke to the Jews, and so occupied them that they had no time to think of any thing else; apprehending that their temple must be defiled, and the national religion destroyed, or themselves run the risk of being exterminated if they rebelled against the imperial decree. The account given by Josephus will set this in a clear point of view. "Caligula sent Petronius to go with an army to Jerusalem, to set up his statues in the temple, enjoining him if the Jews opposed it, to put to death all that made resistance, and to make all the rest of the nation slaves. Petronius therefore marched from Antioch into Judea, with three legions, and a large body of auxiliaries raised in Syria. All were hereupon filled with consternation, the army being come as far as Ptolemais. The Jews, then, gathering together, went to the plain near Ptolemais, and entreated Petronius in the first place for their laws, in the next place for themselves. Petronius was moved with their solicitations, and, leaving his army and the statues, went into Galilee, and called an assembly of the heads of the Jews at Tiberias; and, having exhorted them without effect to submit to the emperor's orders, said, 'Will ye then fight against Caesar?' They answered that they offered up sacrifices twice every day for the emperor and the Roman people; but that if he would set up the images, he ought first of all to sacrifice the whole Jewish nation; and that they were ready to submit themselves, their wives and children, to the slaughter." Philo gives a similar account of this transaction. See Lardner's Credibility, Works, vol. i. p. 97, etc. It appears, therefore, that, as these transactions took place about the time mentioned in the text, their persecution from the Romans diverted them from persecuting the Christians; and Then had the Churches rest throughout all Judea and Galilee, and Samaria; the terror occasioned by the imperial decree having spread itself through all those places. Were edified - Οικοδομουμεναι, A metaphor taken from a building. 1. The ground is marked out; 2. the ichnograph, or dimensions of the building, ascertained; 3. the foundation is digged; 4. the foundation stone laid; 5. the walls builded up with course upon course; 6. the top-stone brought on; 7. the roof raised, and the whole covered in; and, 8. the interior part fitted up and adorned, and rendered convenient for the intended inhabitant. This figure frequently occurs in the sacred writings, especially in the New Testament. It has its reason in the original creation of man: God made the first human being as a shrine or temple, in which himself might dwell. Sin entered, and the heavenly building was destroyed. The materials, however, though all dislocated, and covered with rubbish and every way defiled, yet exist; no essential power or faculty of the soul having been lost. The work of redemption consists in building up this house as it was in the beginning, and rendering it a proper habitation for God. The various powers, faculties, and passions, are all to be purified and refined by the power of the Holy Spirit, and order and harmony restored to the whole soul. All this is beautifully pointed out by St. Peter, 1Pet 2:4, 1Pet 2:5 : To whom (Jesus Christ) coming as unto a Living Stone, chosen of God and precious, ye also, as Living Stones, are Built Up a spiritual House, a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices to God by Jesus Christ. And St. Paul, who, from his own profession as a tent-maker, could best seize on the metaphor, and press it into this spiritual service, goes through the whole figure at large, in the following inimitable words: Ye are the Household of God, and are Built upon the Foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief Cornerstone, in whom all the Building, Fitly Framed together, groweth unto a Holy Temple in the Lord: in whom ye also are Builded together for a Habitation of God, through the Spirit, Eph 2:19-22. Edification signifies, therefore, an increase in the light, life, and power of God; being founded on the doctrine of Christ crucified; having the soul purified from all unrighteousness, and fitted, by increasing holiness, to be a permanent residence for the ever-blessed God. Walking in the fear of the Lord - Keeping a continually tender conscience; abhorring all sin; having respect to every Divine precept; dreading to offend him from whom the soul has derived its being and its blessings. Without this salutary fear of God there never can be any circumspect walking. In the comfort of the Holy Ghost - In a consciousness of their acceptance and union with God, through his Spirit, by which solid peace and happiness are brought into the soul; the truly religious man knowing and feeling that he is of God, by the Spirit which is given him: nothing less can be implied in the comfort of the Holy Ghost. Were multiplied - No wonder that the Church of God increased, when such lights as these shone among men. This is a short, but full and forcible description of the righteousness, purity, and happiness of the primitive Church.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:31

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • 1Pet 2:4
  • 1Pet 2:5
  • Eph 2:19-22

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Josephus
  • Philo
  • Vulgate
  • Jesus
  • Churches
  • Syriac
  • Coptic
  • Ethiopic
  • Armenian
  • Church
  • The Church
  • Saul
  • Christian Church
  • Dr
  • Lardner
  • Caligula
  • Petronius
  • Vitellius
  • Jerusalem
  • Jews
  • Judea
  • Syria
  • Ptolemais
  • The Jews
  • Galilee
  • Tiberias
  • Credibility
  • Works
  • Christians
  • Samaria
  • New Testament
  • Holy Spirit
  • St
  • Peter
  • Living Stone
  • Living Stones
  • House
  • Jesus Christ
  • And St
  • Paul
  • Cornerstone
  • Building
  • Lord
  • Holy Ghost

Exposition: Acts 9:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then had the churches rest throughout all Judea and Galilee and Samaria, and were edified; and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Ghost, were multiplied.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:32

Greek
Ἐγένετο δὲ Πέτρον διερχόμενον διὰ πάντων κατελθεῖν καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἁγίους τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Λύδδα.

Egeneto de Petron dierchomenon dia panton katelthein kai pros toys agioys toys katoikoyntas Lydda.

KJV: And it came to pass, as Peter passed throughout all quarters, he came down also to the saints which dwelt at Lydda.

AKJV: And it came to pass, as Peter passed throughout all quarters, he came down also to the saints which dwelled at Lydda.

ASV: And it came to pass, as Peter went throughout all parts, he came down also to the saints that dwelt at Lydda.

YLT: And it came to pass that Peter passing throughout all quarters , came down also unto the saints who were dwelling at Lydda,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:32
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:32

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 32 As Peter passed throughout all quarters - Δια παντων, Bp. Pearce thinks, should be translated, not through all quarters, but through all the saints. The Churches having rest, the apostles made use of this interval of quiet to visit the different congregations, in order to build them up on their most holy faith. Of Saul we hear no more till Act 11:30, which is supposed to be about five years after this time; eight in all from his conversion. Peter, it seems, had continued in Jerusalem all the time that the Churches were in a state of persecution throughout the whole land. Great as he was, he never evidenced that steady determinate courage by which St. Paul was so eminently distinguished; nor did he ever suffer half so much for God and his truth. To the saints - The Jews, who had been converted to Christianity. Which dwelt at Lydda - A town in the tribe of Ephraim, almost on the border of Judea, and nigh unto Joppa: it was about ten leagues from Jerusalem, and was afterwards known by the name of Diospolis, or the city of Jupiter.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:32

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 11:30

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Pearce
  • Bp
  • Peter
  • St
  • The Jews
  • Christianity
  • Ephraim
  • Judea
  • Joppa
  • Jerusalem
  • Diospolis
  • Jupiter

Exposition: Acts 9:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, as Peter passed throughout all quarters, he came down also to the saints which dwelt at Lydda.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:33

Greek
εὗρεν δὲ ἐκεῖ ἄνθρωπόν τινα ⸂ὀνόματι Αἰνέαν⸃ ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτὼ κατακείμενον ἐπὶ ⸀κραβάττου, ὃς ἦν παραλελυμένος.

eyren de ekei anthropon tina onomati Ainean ex eton okto katakeimenon epi krabattoy, os en paralelymenos.

KJV: And there he found a certain man named Eneas, which had kept his bed eight years, and was sick of the palsy.

AKJV: And there he found a certain man named Aeneas, which had kept his bed eight years, and was sick of the palsy.

ASV: And there he found a certain man named Aeneas, who had kept his bed eight years; for he was palsied.

YLT: and he found there a certain man, Aeneas by name--for eight years laid upon a couch--who was paralytic,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:33
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:33

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 33 A certain man named Eneas - This name has been celebrated in the annals of heathen poetry, in that beautiful work of the poet Virgil, called the Aeneid; which gives an account of the misfortunes, travels, wars, etc., of a Trojan prince of this name, after the destruction of his native city, Troy. On the difference of names which so frequently occurs in some pasts of the Scriptures, Calmet makes the following judicious remarks: As both Greek and Hebrew, or Syriac, were commonly spoken in Palestine, most persons had two names, one Greek and the other Hebrew. Thus Peter was called Cephas in Hebrew, and Petros in Greek. Paul was called Saul in Hebrew, and Paulos in Greek. The person in Act 9:36, Tabitha in Hebrew, and Dorcas in Greek. And the paralytic person cured by Peter, Hananiah in Hebrew, and Aineas in Greek. So Thomas was the Hebrew name of the apostle who in Greek was called Didymus. Had kept his bed eight years - This was occasioned by a palsy; and now inveterate and hopeless, through its long standing.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:33

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 9:36

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Virgil
  • Aeneid
  • Troy
  • Scriptures
  • Syriac
  • Palestine
  • Greek
  • Peter
  • Didymus

Exposition: Acts 9:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And there he found a certain man named Eneas, which had kept his bed eight years, and was sick of the palsy.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:34

Greek
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Πέτρος· Αἰνέα, ἰᾶταί σε Ἰησοῦς ⸀Χριστός· ἀνάστηθι καὶ στρῶσον σεαυτῷ· καὶ εὐθέως ἀνέστη.

kai eipen ayto o Petros· Ainea, iatai se Iesoys Christos· anastethi kai stroson seayto· kai eytheos aneste.

KJV: And Peter said unto him, Eneas, Jesus Christ maketh thee whole: arise, and make thy bed. And he arose immediately.

AKJV: And Peter said to him, Aeneas, Jesus Christ makes you whole: arise, and make your bed. And he arose immediately.

ASV: And Peter said unto him, Aeneas, Jesus Christ healeth thee: arise, and make thy bed. And straightway he arose.

YLT: and Peter said to him, `Aeneas, heal thee doth Jesus the Christ; arise and spread for thyself;' and immediately he rose,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:34
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:34

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 34 Jesus Christ maketh thee whole - Not Peter, for he had no power but what was given him from above. And, as an instrument, any man could heal with this power as well as Peter; but God chose to put honor upon those primitive preachers of his word, that men might see that they were commissioned from heaven. Arise, and make thy bed - Give now full proof that Jesus Christ Has made thee whole, by arising, and by making thy bed. He was at home, and therefore was not commanded, as the paralytic person, to take up his bed; but he was ordered to make it - strew it afresh, that all might see that the cure was perfect.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:34

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Not Peter
  • And
  • Peter
  • Arise

Exposition: Acts 9:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Peter said unto him, Eneas, Jesus Christ maketh thee whole: arise, and make thy bed. And he arose immediately.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:35

Greek
καὶ εἶδαν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες Λύδδα καὶ τὸν ⸀Σαρῶνα, οἵτινες ἐπέστρεψαν ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον.

kai eidan ayton pantes oi katoikoyntes Lydda kai ton Sarona, oitines epestrepsan epi ton kyrion.

KJV: And all that dwelt at Lydda and Saron saw him, and turned to the Lord.

AKJV: And all that dwelled at Lydda and Saron saw him, and turned to the Lord. ¶

ASV: And all that dwelt at Lydda and in Sharon saw him, and they turned to the Lord.

YLT: and all those dwelling at Lydda, and Saron saw him, and did turn to the Lord.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:35
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:35

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 35 All that dwelt in Lydda and Saron saw him - Saron was that champaign country that lay between Joppa and Lydda. The long affliction of this man had been well known; and his cure, consequently, became a subject of general examination: it was found to be real. It was known to have been performed by the grace and mercy of Christ; and the consequence of all this conviction was that all these people became Christians.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:35

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Lydda
  • Christ
  • Christians

Exposition: Acts 9:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And all that dwelt at Lydda and Saron saw him, and turned to the Lord.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:36

Greek
Ἐν Ἰόππῃ δέ τις ἦν μαθήτρια ὀνόματι Ταβιθά, ἣ διερμηνευομένη λέγεται Δορκάς· αὕτη ἦν πλήρης ⸂ἔργων ἀγαθῶν⸃ καὶ ἐλεημοσυνῶν ὧν ἐποίει.

En Ioppe de tis en mathetria onomati Tabitha, e diermeneyomene legetai Dorkas· ayte en pleres ergon agathon kai eleemosynon on epoiei.

KJV: Now there was at Joppa a certain disciple named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works and almsdeeds which she did.

AKJV: Now there was at Joppa a certain disciple named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works and giving of alms which she did.

ASV: Now there was at Joppa a certain disciple named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works and almsdeeds which she did.

YLT: And in Joppa there was a certain female disciple, by name Tabitha, (which interpreted, is called Dorcas,) this woman was full of good works and kind acts that she was doing;

Commentary WitnessActs 9:36
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:36

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 36 Now there was at Joppa - This was a sea-port town on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, about a day's journey from Jerusalem. It is supposed to be the same which is called in the Old Testament Japho, which belonged to the tribe of Dan, Jos 19:46. It is at present called Jaffa, and is still a place of considerable note. A certain disciple named Tabitha - This word is more properly Syriac than Hebrew. Tebitho is the word in the Syriac version, and is their manner of writing the Hebrew צבי tsebi, the ט teth being changed for the צ tsaddi. The word tabio, and the feminine tabitho, have the same meaning as the Hebrew צבי tsebi and the Greek Δορκας, Dorcas, and signify the gazel or antelope; and it is still customary in the east to give the names of beautiful animals to young women. The comparison of fine eyes to those of the antelope is continually occurring in the writings of the Arabic and Persian poets. The person in the text probably had her name in the same way. She was very beautiful, and was therefore called Tabitha and Dorcas. This woman was full of good works - She spent her life in acts of kindness and charity. Her soul was full of love to God and man; and her whole time was filled up with works of piety and mercy.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:36

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Mediterranean Sea
  • Jerusalem
  • Old Testament Japho
  • Dan
  • Jaffa
  • Dorcas

Exposition: Acts 9:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now there was at Joppa a certain disciple named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works and almsdeeds which she did.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:37

Greek
ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἀσθενήσασαν αὐτὴν ἀποθανεῖν· λούσαντες δὲ ⸂ἔθηκαν αὐτὴν⸃ ἐν ὑπερῴῳ.

egeneto de en tais emerais ekeinais asthenesasan ayten apothanein· loysantes de ethekan ayten en yperoo.

KJV: And it came to pass in those days, that she was sick, and died: whom when they had washed, they laid her in an upper chamber.

AKJV: And it came to pass in those days, that she was sick, and died: whom when they had washed, they laid her in an upper chamber.

ASV: And it came to pass in those days, that she fell sick, and died: and when they had washed her, they laid her in an upper chamber.

YLT: and it came to pass in those days she, having ailed, died, and having bathed her, they laid her in an upper chamber,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:37
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:37

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 37 She was sick, and died - Even her holiness and usefulness could not prevent her from sickness and death. Dust thou art, and to dust thou shalt return, is a decree that must be fulfilled, even on the saints; for the body is dead, sentenced to death, because of sin, though the spirit be life because of righteousness. Whom when they had washed - Having the fullest proof that she was dead, they prepared for her interment. In most nations of the world it was customary to wash their dead before they buried them, and before they laid them out to lie in state, as Homer tells us was the case with the body of Patroclus: - Ὡς εἱπων, ἑταροισιν εκεκλετο διος Αχιλλευς, Αμφι πυρι Ϛησαι τριποδα μεγαν, οφρα ταχιϚα Πατροκλον λουσειαν - Και τοτε δη λουσαν τε, και ηλειψαν λιπ' ελαιῳ - Iliad xviii. 343. "So saying, he bade his train surround with fire A tripod huge, that they might quickly cleanse Patroclus from all stains of clotted gore. They on the blazing hearth a tripod placed, Infused the water, thrust dry wood beneath, And soon the flames, encompassing around Its ample belly, warm'd the flood within. Soon as the water in the singing brass Simmer'd, they bathed him, and with limpid oil Anointed. They stretch'd him on his bed, then cover'd him From head to feet with linen texture light, And with a wide unsullied mantle last." Cowper. The waking or watching of the dead was also practised among the ancient Greeks, as we learn from a preceding paragraph, where Achilles, addressing his dead friend Patroclus, tells him: - Τοφρα δε μοι παρα νηυσι κορωνισι κεισεαι αὑτως· Αμφι δε σε Τρωαι και Δαρδανιδες βαθυκολποι Κλαυσονται, νυκτας τε και ηματα δακρυχεουσαι Il. xviii. 338. - "Mean time, among My lofty galleys thou shalt lie, with tears Mourn'd day and night, by Trojan captives fair And Dardan, compassing thy bier around." Cowper. A similar description is given by Virgil of the funeral obsequies of Misenus, Aeneid vi. ver. 212. Nec minus interea Misenum in littore Teucri Flebant, et cineri ingrato suprema ferebant. Pars calidos latices et aena undantia flammis Expediunt, corpusque lavant frigentis et ungunt Fit gemitus: tum membra toro defleta reponunt, Purpureasque super vestes, velamina nota, Conjiciunt, etc. "Meanwhile, the Trojan troops, with weeping eyes, To dead Misenus pay his obsequies. First from the ground a lofty pile they rear Of pitch-trees, oaks, and pines, and unctuous fir: The fabric's front with cypress twigs they strew; And stick the sides with boughs of baleful yew; The topmost part his glitt'ring arms adorn: Warm waters then, in brazen cauldrons borne, Are pour'd to wash his body, joint by joint; And fragrant oils the stiffen'd limbs anoint. With groans and cries Misenus they deplore. Then on a bier with purple cover'd o'er The breathless body, thus bewail'd, they lay." Dryden. These rites, in many respects, resemble those still used among the native Irish. See the account of the funeral ceremonies of the Egyptians, in the notes on Gen 50:2 (note). The primitive Christians washed the bodies of their dead not only out of decency and affectionate respect to them, but as a token of their firm belief in the resurrection of the dead.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:37

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 50:2

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Dryden
  • Patroclus
  • Anointed
  • Cowper
  • Greeks
  • Achilles
  • Il
  • And Dardan
  • Misenus
  • Teucri Flebant
  • Expediunt
  • Conjiciunt
  • Meanwhile
  • Irish
  • Egyptians

Exposition: Acts 9:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass in those days, that she was sick, and died: whom when they had washed, they laid her in an upper chamber.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:38

Greek
ἐγγὺς δὲ οὔσης Λύδδας τῇ Ἰόππῃ οἱ μαθηταὶ ἀκούσαντες ὅτι Πέτρος ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῇ ἀπέστειλαν ⸂δύο ἄνδρας⸃ πρὸς αὐτὸν παρακαλοῦντες· Μὴ ⸀ὀκνήσῃς διελθεῖν ἕως ⸀ἡμῶν·

eggys de oyses Lyddas te Ioppe oi mathetai akoysantes oti Petros estin en ayte apesteilan dyo andras pros ayton parakaloyntes· Me okneses dielthein eos emon·

KJV: And forasmuch as Lydda was nigh to Joppa, and the disciples had heard that Peter was there, they sent unto him two men, desiring him that he would not delay to come to them.

AKJV: And for as much as Lydda was near to Joppa, and the disciples had heard that Peter was there, they sent to him two men, desiring him that he would not delay to come to them.

ASV: And as Lydda was nigh unto Joppa, the disciples, hearing that Peter was there, sent two men unto him, entreating him, Delay not to come on unto us.

YLT: and Lydda being nigh to Joppa, the disciples having heard that Peter is in that place , sent two men unto him, calling on him not to delay to come through unto them.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:38
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:38

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 38 Sent unto him - desiring - that he would not delay to come - Tabitha died at Joppa, and Peter was at Lydda, about four leagues distant. But why did they send for Peter? We cannot tell. It is not likely that they had any expectation that he should raise her from the dead; for none of the apostles had as yet raised any; and if God did not choose to restore Stephen to life, this favor could not be reasonably expected in behalf of inferior persons. However, they might hope that he who cured Eneas at Lydda might cure Dorcas; for it is probable that they had sent for Peter before she died; and in this sense we might understand the απεϚειλαν of the text.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:38

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Joppa
  • Lydda
  • However
  • Dorcas

Exposition: Acts 9:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And forasmuch as Lydda was nigh to Joppa, and the disciples had heard that Peter was there, they sent unto him two men, desiring him that he would not delay to come to them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:39

Greek
ἀναστὰς δὲ Πέτρος συνῆλθεν αὐτοῖς· ὃν παραγενόμενον ἀνήγαγον εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον, καὶ παρέστησαν αὐτῷ πᾶσαι αἱ χῆραι κλαίουσαι καὶ ἐπιδεικνύμεναι χιτῶνας καὶ ἱμάτια ὅσα ἐποίει μετʼ αὐτῶν οὖσα ἡ Δορκάς.

anastas de Petros synelthen aytois· on paragenomenon anegagon eis to yperoon, kai parestesan ayto pasai ai cherai klaioysai kai epideiknymenai chitonas kai imatia osa epoiei met ayton oysa e Dorkas.

KJV: Then Peter arose and went with them. When he was come, they brought him into the upper chamber: and all the widows stood by him weeping, and shewing the coats and garments which Dorcas made, while she was with them.

AKJV: Then Peter arose and went with them. When he was come, they brought him into the upper chamber: and all the widows stood by him weeping, and showing the coats and garments which Dorcas made, while she was with them.

ASV: And Peter arose and went with them. And when he was come, they brought him into the upper chamber: and all the widows stood by him weeping, and showing the coats and garments which Dorcas made, while she was with them.

YLT: And Peter having risen, went with them, whom having come, they brought into the upper chamber, and all the widows stood by him weeping, and shewing coats and garments, as many as Dorcas was making while she was with them.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:39
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:39

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 39 Showing the coats and garments - Χιτωνας και ἱματια, the outer and inner garments. These, it appears, she had made for the poor, and more particularly for poor widows, in whose behalf she had incessantly labored.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:39

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • These

Exposition: Acts 9:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then Peter arose and went with them. When he was come, they brought him into the upper chamber: and all the widows stood by him weeping, and shewing the coats and garments which Dorcas made, while she was with them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:40

Greek
ἐκβαλὼν δὲ ἔξω πάντας ὁ Πέτρος ⸀καὶ θεὶς τὰ γόνατα προσηύξατο, καὶ ἐπιστρέψας πρὸς τὸ σῶμα εἶπεν· Ταβιθά, ἀνάστηθι. ἡ δὲ ἤνοιξεν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῆς, καὶ ἰδοῦσα τὸν Πέτρον ἀνεκάθισεν.

ekbalon de exo pantas o Petros kai theis ta gonata proseyxato, kai epistrepsas pros to soma eipen· Tabitha, anastethi. e de enoixen toys ophthalmoys aytes, kai idoysa ton Petron anekathisen.

KJV: But Peter put them all forth, and kneeled down, and prayed; and turning him to the body said, Tabitha, arise. And she opened her eyes: and when she saw Peter, she sat up.

AKJV: But Peter put them all forth, and kneeled down, and prayed; and turning him to the body said, Tabitha, arise. And she opened her eyes: and when she saw Peter, she sat up.

ASV: But Peter put them all forth, and kneeled down, and prayed; and turning to the body, he said, Tabitha, arise. And she opened her eyes; and when she saw Peter, she sat up.

YLT: And Peter having put them all forth without, having bowed the knees, did pray, and having turned unto the body said, `Tabitha, arise;' and she opened her eyes, and having seen Peter, she sat up,

Commentary WitnessActs 9:40
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:40

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 40 Peter put them all forth, and kneeled down and prayed - It was not even known to Peter that God would work this miracle: therefore he put all the people out, that he might seek the will of God by fervent prayer, and during his supplications be liable neither to distraction nor interruption, which he must have experienced had he permitted this company of weeping widows to remain in the chamber. And turning - to the body - Σωμα, The lifeless body, for the spirit had already departed. Said, Tabitha, arise - During his wrestling with God, he had, undoubtedly, received confidence that she would be raised at his word. And when she saw Peter, she sat up - As Dorcas was a woman so eminently holy, her happy soul had doubtless gone to the paradise of God. Must she not therefore be filled with regret to find herself thus called back to earth again? And must not the remembrance of the glories she had now lost fill her with dislike to all the goods of earth? No: for, 1. As a saint of God, her Maker's will must be hers; because she knew that this will must be ever best. 2. It is very likely that, in the case of the revivescence of saint or sinner, God mercifully draws a veil over all they have seen or known, so that they have no recollection of what they have either seen or heard. Even St. Paul found it impossible to tell what he had heard in the third heaven, though he was probably not in the state of the dead. Of the economy of the invisible world God will reveal nothing. We walk here by faith, and not by sight.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:40

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Said
  • Tabitha
  • Peter
  • No
  • Even St

Exposition: Acts 9:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Peter put them all forth, and kneeled down, and prayed; and turning him to the body said, Tabitha, arise. And she opened her eyes: and when she saw Peter, she sat up.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:41

Greek
δοὺς δὲ αὐτῇ χεῖρα ἀνέστησεν αὐτήν, φωνήσας δὲ τοὺς ἁγίους καὶ τὰς χήρας παρέστησεν αὐτὴν ζῶσαν.

doys de ayte cheira anestesen ayten, phonesas de toys agioys kai tas cheras parestesen ayten zosan.

KJV: And he gave her his hand, and lifted her up, and when he had called the saints and widows, presented her alive.

AKJV: And he gave her his hand, and lifted her up, and when he had called the saints and widows, presented her alive.

ASV: And he gave her his hand, and raised her up; and calling the saints and widows, he presented her alive.

YLT: and having given her his hand, he lifted her up, and having called the saints and the widows, he presented her alive,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Acts 9:41
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Acts 9:41

Generated editorial synthesis

Acts 9:41 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And he gave her his hand, and lifted her up, and when he had called the saints and widows, presented her alive.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:41

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Acts 9:41

Exposition: Acts 9:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he gave her his hand, and lifted her up, and when he had called the saints and widows, presented her alive.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:42

Greek
γνωστὸν δὲ ἐγένετο καθʼ ὅλης ⸀τῆς Ἰόππης, καὶ ⸂ἐπίστευσαν πολλοὶ⸃ ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον.

gnoston de egeneto kath oles tes Ioppes, kai episteysan polloi epi ton kyrion.

KJV: And it was known throughout all Joppa; and many believed in the Lord.

AKJV: And it was known throughout all Joppa; and many believed in the Lord.

ASV: And it became known throughout all Joppa: and many believed on the Lord.

YLT: and it became known throughout all Joppa, and many believed on the Lord;

Commentary WitnessActs 9:42
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:42

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 42 Many believed in the Lord - That is, in Christ Jesus, in whose name and through whose power they understood this miracle to be wrought. This miracle, as well as that at Lydda, was not only the means of strengthening the faith of the disciples, and gaining credit to the cause of Christianity, but also of bringing many sincere converts to the Lord, so that the Church was thereby both builded up and multiplied.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:42

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Christ Jesus
  • Lydda
  • Christianity
  • Lord

Exposition: Acts 9:42 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it was known throughout all Joppa; and many believed in the Lord.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Acts 9:43

Greek
ἐγένετο ⸀δὲ ἡμέρας ἱκανὰς ⸀μεῖναι ἐν Ἰόππῃ παρά τινι Σίμωνι βυρσεῖ.

egeneto de emeras ikanas meinai en Ioppe para tini Simoni byrsei.

KJV: And it came to pass, that he tarried many days in Joppa with one Simon a tanner.

AKJV: And it came to pass, that he tarried many days in Joppa with one Simon a tanner.

ASV: And it came to pass, that he abode many days in Joppa with one Simon a tanner.

YLT: and it came to pass, that he remained many days in Joppa, with a certain one, Simon a tanner.

Commentary WitnessActs 9:43
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Acts 9:43

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 43 He tarried many days in Joppa - Taking advantage of the good impression made on the people's minds by the miracle, he preached to them the great truths of Christianity, and thus established them in the faith. Simon a tanner - Whether the original word βυρσευς signifies a tanner or a currier, is of little consequence. The person who dealt in the hides, whether of clean or unclean animals, could not be in high repute among the Jews. Even in Joppa, the trade appears to have been reputed unclean; and therefore this Simon had his house by the sea side. See Act 10:6. Of the trade itself the Talmudists speak with great contempt; they reckon it among blemishes. See proofs in Schoettgen. 1. Thus terminates what has not been improperly called the first period of the Christian Church, which began at the day of pentecost, Act 2:1, and continued to the resurrection of Dorcas; a period of about eight years. During the whole of this time the Gospel was preached to the Jews only, no Gentile being called before Cornelius, the account of whose conversion, and the Divine vision that led to it, are detailed in the following chapter. Salvation was of the Jews: theirs were the fathers, the covenants, and the promises, and from them came Christ Jesus; and it was right that they should have the first offer of a salvation which, while it was a light to lighten the Gentiles, was to be the glory of the Israelitish people. When they utterly rejected it, then the apostles turned unto the Gentiles. Among them the Christian Church was founded, and thus the reprobates became the elect, and the elect became reprobates. Reader! behold the goodness and severity of God! Towards them that fell, severity; but towards thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness; otherwise thou also shalt be cut off, Rom 11:22. Thou canst only stand by faith; and be not high-minded, but fear. Nothing less than Christ dwelling in thy heart by faith can save thy soul unto eternal life. 2. The conversion of Saul of Tarsus is one of the most remarkable facts recorded in the history of the Christian Church. When we consider the man; the manner in which he was brought to the knowledge of the truth; the impression made on his own mind and heart by the vision he had on his way to Damascus, and the effect produced in all his subsequent life, we have a series of the most convincing evidences of the truth of the Christian religion. In this light he ever viewed the subject himself; the manner of his conversion he ever appealed to, as the most proper apology for his conduct; and, on several most important occasions, he not only refers to it, but enters into a detail of its circumstances, that his hearers might see that the excellency of the power was of God and not of man. Saul of Tarsus was not a man of a light, fickle, and uncultivated mind. His natural powers were vast, his character the most decided, and his education, as we learn from his historian, and from his writings, was at once both liberal and profound. He was born and brought up in a city which enjoyed every privilege of which Rome itself could boast, and was a successful rival both of Rome and Athens in arts and science. Though a Jew, it is evident that his education was not confined to matters that concerned his own people and country alone. He had read the best Greek writers, as his style, allusions, and quotations sufficiently prove; and, an matters which concern his own religion, he was instructed by Gamaliel, one of the most celebrated doctors the synagogue had ever produced. He was evidently master of the three great languages which were spoken among the only people who deserved the name of nations - the Hebrew, and its prevailing dialect, the Chaldio-Syriac; the Greek, and the Latin; languages which, notwithstanding all the cultivation through which the earth has passed, maintain their rank, which is a most decisive superiority over all the languages of the universe. Was it likely that such a man, possessing such a mind, cultivated to such an extent, could have been imposed on or deceived? The circumstances of his conversion forbid the supposition: they do more; they render it impossible. One consideration on this subject will prove that imposture in this case was impossible: he had no communication with Christians; the men that accompanied him to Damascus were of his own mind - virulent, determined enemies to the very name of Christ; and his conversion took place in the open day, on the open road, in company only with such men as the persecuting high priest and Sanhedrin thought proper to be employed in the extermination of Christianity. In such circumstances, and in such company, no cheat could be practised. But was not he the deceiver? The supposition is absurd and monstrous, for this simple reason, that there was no motive that could prompt him to feign what he was not; and no end that could be answered by assuming the profession of Christianity. Christianity had in it such principles as must expose it to the hatred of Greece, Rome, and Judea. It exposed the absurdity and folly of Grecian and Roman superstition and idolatry, and asserted itself to be the completion, end, and perfection of the whole Mosaic economy. It was therefore hated by all those nations, and its followers despised, detested, and persecuted. From the profession of such a religion, so circumstanced, could any man, who possessed even the most moderate share of common sense, expect secular emolument or advantage? No! Had not this apostle of the Gentiles the fullest conviction of the truth of Christianity, the fullest proof of its heavenly influence on his own soul, the brightest prospect of the reality and blessedness of the spiritual world, he could not have taken one step in the path which the doctrine of Christ pointed out. Add to this, that he lived long after his conversion, saw Christianity and its influence in every point of view, and tried it in all circumstances. What was the result? The deepest conviction of its truth; so that he counted all things dross and dung in comparison of the excellency of its knowledge. Had he continued a Jew he would have infallibly risen to the first dignities and honors of his nation; but he willingly forfeited all his secular privileges and well grounded expectations of secular honor and emolument, and espoused a cause from which he could not only have no expectation of worldly advantage, but which, most evidently and necessarily, exposed him to all sorts of privations, sufferings, hardships, dangers, and death itself! These were not only the unavoidable consequences of the cause he espoused; but he had them fully in his apprehension and constantly in his eye. He predicted them, and knew that every step he took was a progressive advance in additional sufferings, and the issue of his journey must be a violent death! The whole history of St. Paul proves him to be one of the greatest of men; and his conduct after he became a Christian, had it not sprung from a Divine motive, of the truth of which he had the fullest conviction, would have shown him to be one of the weakest of men. The conclusion therefore is self-evident, that in St. Paul's call there could be no imposture, that in his own mind there could be no deception, that his conversion was from heaven, and the religion he professed and taught, the infallible and eternal truth of Jehovah. In this full conviction he counted not his life dear unto him, but finished his rugged race with joy, cheerfully giving up his life for the testimony of Jesus; and thus his luminous sun set in blood, to rise again in glory. The conversion of St. Paul is the triumph of Christianity; his writings, the fullest exhibition and defense of its doctrines; and his life and death, a glorious illustration of its principles. Armed with this history of Paul's conversion and life, the feeblest believer needs not fear the most powerful infidel. The ninth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles will ever remain an inexpugnable fortress to defend Christianity and defeat its enemies. Reader, hath not God so done his marvellous works that they may be had in everlasting remembrance?

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Acts 9:43

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Act 10:6
  • Act 2:1
  • Rom 11:22

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Christianity
  • Jews
  • Joppa
  • Schoettgen
  • Christian Church
  • Dorcas
  • Cornelius
  • Christ Jesus
  • Gentiles
  • Damascus
  • Jew
  • Gamaliel
  • Syriac
  • Greek
  • Latin
  • Christians
  • Christ
  • Greece
  • Rome
  • Judea
  • St
  • Christian
  • Jehovah
  • Reader

Exposition: Acts 9:43 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, that he tarried many days in Joppa with one Simon a tanner.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.

Scholarly apparatus

Commentary citation index

This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.

Direct commentary witnesses

41

Generated editorial witnesses

2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Canonical references surfaced in commentary

  • Act 9:1
  • Act 9:2
  • Act 9:3-9
  • Act 9:10-16
  • Act 9:17-19
  • Act 9:20-22
  • Act 9:23-25
  • Act 9:26
  • Act 9:27
  • Act 9:28-30
  • Act 9:31
  • Act 9:32-35
  • Act 9:36-41
  • Act 9:42
  • Act 9:43
  • Act 8:3
  • Acts 9:1
  • Gen 14:15
  • Isa 17:1-3
  • Acts 9:2
  • Acts 9:3
  • Acts 9:4
  • Act 26:14
  • Col 3:21
  • Eph 6:4
  • Acts 9:5
  • Acts 9:6
  • 1Kgs 19:11-13
  • Act 22:9
  • Act 9:17
  • Act 22:14
  • 1Cor 9:1
  • 1Cor 15:8
  • Acts 9:7
  • Acts 9:8
  • Acts 9:9
  • Act 22:12
  • Acts 9:10
  • Acts 9:11
  • Acts 9:12
  • Acts 9:13
  • Acts 9:14
  • Jer 22:7
  • 1Tim 2:7
  • 2Tim 1:11
  • Gal 2:7
  • Gal 2:8
  • Eph 3:8
  • Acts 9:15
  • Acts 9:16
  • Acts 9:17
  • Acts 9:18
  • Acts 9:19
  • Acts 9:20
  • Act 26:11
  • Act 9:14
  • Act 26:10
  • Act 7:58
  • Act 8:1
  • Acts 9:21
  • Act 9:21
  • Acts 9:22
  • Gal 1:17
  • Gal 1:18
  • Acts 9:23
  • Acts 9:24
  • Acts 9:25
  • Acts 9:26
  • Gal 1:19
  • Acts 9:27
  • Acts 9:28
  • Act 6:1
  • Acts 9:29
  • Act 8:40
  • Acts 9:30
  • 1Pet 2:4
  • 1Pet 2:5
  • Eph 2:19-22
  • Acts 9:31
  • Act 11:30
  • Acts 9:32
  • Act 9:36
  • Acts 9:33
  • Acts 9:34
  • Acts 9:35
  • Acts 9:36
  • Gen 50:2
  • Acts 9:37
  • Acts 9:38
  • Acts 9:39
  • Acts 9:40
  • Acts 9:41
  • Acts 9:42
  • Act 10:6
  • Act 2:1
  • Rom 11:22
  • Acts 9:43

Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary

  • Saul
  • Christians
  • Damascus
  • Jerusalem
  • Ananias
  • Christ
  • Jews
  • Hellenistic Jews
  • Caesarea
  • Tarsus
  • Churches
  • Lydda
  • Tabitha
  • Joppa
  • Peter
  • Theocritus
  • Idyll
  • Iphig
  • Taur
  • Homer
  • Il
  • St
  • Luke
  • Stephen
  • Church
  • Christianity
  • Sanhedrin
  • Gamaliel
  • Ovid
  • Pearce
  • Damask
  • Darmask
  • Syria
  • Abara
  • Pharpar
  • Greeks Chrysorrhoas
  • Abraham
  • Asia
  • Mecca
  • Turks
  • Tiglath Pileser
  • Kin
  • Euphrates
  • Isaiah
  • Amos
  • Sennacherib
  • Great
  • Tigranes
  • Aretas
  • Obodas
  • Augustus
  • Antioch
  • Diarbek
  • Damascene
  • Damazon
  • Europe
  • Damasks
  • Hellenistic Greek
  • Yehovah
  • Lord
  • Gentiles
  • Vulgate
  • Jesus
  • Itala
  • Arabic
  • Syriac
  • Coptic
  • Sahidic
  • Slavonian
  • Ethiopic
  • Armenian
  • Bengel
  • Charybdim
  • Euripides
  • Bacch
  • And Aeschylus
  • Agamemnon
  • Prometh
  • Vinct
  • Pyth
  • Scholiast
  • Phorm
  • Trist
  • Columella
  • De Re Rustica
  • Fathers
  • Lard
  • Dost Thou Here
  • Just One
  • But St
  • Me Also
  • Codex Alexandrinus
  • Lord Jesus
  • October
  • Ray
  • Arise
  • Cilicia
  • Cydnus
  • Tarasso
  • Julius Caesar
  • Romans
  • Behold
  • Pharisee
  • Greek
  • Tract
  • Sohar Exod
  • Ruth
  • Jehovah
  • King Messiah
  • So Polybius
  • Damocles
  • Excerpta
  • Edit
  • Paul
  • Lucretius
  • Corpus
  • The Body
  • See Bp
  • Hebraism
  • Sept
  • Lord Lyttleton
  • Brother Saul
  • Holy Ghost
  • Christian
  • Slavonic
  • Messiah
  • Arabia
  • Herod
  • Herodias
  • Favoured
  • Jericho
  • James
  • Septuagint
  • Palestine
  • Caesarea Philippi
  • New Testament
  • Josephus
  • Philo
  • The Church
  • Christian Church
  • Dr
  • Lardner
  • Caligula
  • Petronius
  • Vitellius
  • Judea
  • Ptolemais
  • The Jews
  • Galilee
  • Tiberias
  • Credibility
  • Works
  • Samaria
  • Holy Spirit
  • Living Stone
  • Living Stones
  • House
  • Jesus Christ
  • And St
  • Cornerstone
  • Building
  • Bp
  • Ephraim
  • Diospolis
  • Jupiter
  • Virgil
  • Aeneid
  • Troy
  • Scriptures
  • Didymus
  • Not Peter
  • And
  • Mediterranean Sea
  • Old Testament Japho
  • Dan
  • Jaffa
  • Dorcas
  • Dryden
  • Patroclus
  • Anointed
  • Cowper
  • Greeks
  • Achilles
  • And Dardan
  • Misenus
  • Teucri Flebant
  • Expediunt
  • Conjiciunt
  • Meanwhile
  • Irish
  • Egyptians
  • However
  • These
  • Said
  • No
  • Even St
  • Christ Jesus
  • Schoettgen
  • Cornelius
  • Jew
  • Latin
  • Greece
  • Rome
  • Reader
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Ezra

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezra

Open Ezra

Old Testament History

Nehemiah

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nehemiah

Open Nehemiah

Old Testament History

Esther

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Esther

Open Esther

Old Testament Wisdom

Job

Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 42 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Job

Open Job

Old Testament Wisdom

Psalms

Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 150 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Psalms

Open Psalms

Old Testament Wisdom

Proverbs

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Proverbs

Open Proverbs

Old Testament Wisdom

Ecclesiastes

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ecclesiastes

Open Ecclesiastes

Old Testament Wisdom

Song of Solomon

Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 8 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Song of Solomon

Open Song of Solomon

Old Testament Prophets

Isaiah

Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 66 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Isaiah

Open Isaiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jeremiah

Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 52 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jeremiah

Open Jeremiah

Old Testament Prophets

Lamentations

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Lamentations

Open Lamentations

Old Testament Prophets

Ezekiel

Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 48 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezekiel

Open Ezekiel

Old Testament Prophets

Daniel

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Daniel

Open Daniel

Old Testament Prophets

Hosea

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hosea

Open Hosea

Old Testament Prophets

Joel

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joel

Open Joel

Old Testament Prophets

Amos

Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 9 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Amos

Open Amos

Old Testament Prophets

Obadiah

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Obadiah

Open Obadiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jonah

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jonah

Open Jonah

Old Testament Prophets

Micah

Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 7 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Micah

Open Micah

Old Testament Prophets

Nahum

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nahum

Open Nahum

Old Testament Prophets

Habakkuk

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Habakkuk

Open Habakkuk

Old Testament Prophets

Zephaniah

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zephaniah

Open Zephaniah

Old Testament Prophets

Haggai

Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 2 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Haggai

Open Haggai

Old Testament Prophets

Zechariah

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zechariah

Open Zechariah

Old Testament Prophets

Malachi

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Malachi

Open Malachi

New Testament Gospels

Matthew

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Matthew

Open Matthew

New Testament Gospels

Mark

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Mark

Open Mark

New Testament Gospels

Luke

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Luke

Open Luke

New Testament Gospels

John

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for John

Open John

New Testament History

Acts

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Acts

Open Acts

New Testament Letters

Romans

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Romans

Open Romans

New Testament Letters

1 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Corinthians

Open 1 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

2 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Corinthians

Open 2 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

Galatians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Galatians

Open Galatians

New Testament Letters

Ephesians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ephesians

Open Ephesians

New Testament Letters

Philippians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philippians

Open Philippians

New Testament Letters

Colossians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Colossians

Open Colossians

New Testament Letters

1 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Thessalonians

Open 1 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

2 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Thessalonians

Open 2 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

1 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Timothy

Open 1 Timothy

New Testament Letters

2 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Timothy

Open 2 Timothy

New Testament Letters

Titus

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Titus

Open Titus

New Testament Letters

Philemon

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philemon

Open Philemon

New Testament Letters

Hebrews

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hebrews

Open Hebrews

New Testament Letters

James

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for James

Open James

New Testament Letters

1 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Peter

Open 1 Peter

New Testament Letters

2 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Peter

Open 2 Peter

New Testament Letters

1 John

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 John

Open 1 John

New Testament Letters

2 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 John

Open 2 John

New Testament Letters

3 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 3 John

Open 3 John

New Testament Letters

Jude

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jude

Open Jude

New Testament Apocalypse

Revelation

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Revelation

Open Revelation

What this explorer shows today

The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.

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