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Apologetics Bible

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Published chapter Reader summary first Colossians live Chapter 4 of 4 18 verse waypoints 18 commentary witnesses

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Colossians 4 — Colossians 4

Connected primary witness
  • Connected ID: Colossians_4
  • Primary Witness Text: Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven. Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving; Withal praying also for us, that God would open unto us a door of utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds: That I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak. Walk in wisdom toward them that are without, redeeming the time. Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man. All my state shall Tychicus declare unto you, who is a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellowservant in the Lord: Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose, that he might know your estate, and comfort your hearts; With Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They shall make known unto you all things which are done here. Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister’s son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him;) And Jesus, which is called Justus, who are of the circumcision. These only are my fellowworkers unto the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort unto me. Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ, saluteth you, always labouring fervently for you in prayers, that ye may stand perfect and complete in all the will of God. For I bear him record, that he hath a great zeal for you, and them that are in Laodicea, and them in Hierapolis. Luke, ...

Connected dataset overlay
  • Connected ID: Colossians_4
  • Chapter Blob Preview: Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven. Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving; Withal praying also for us, that God would open unto us a door of utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds: That I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak. Walk in wisdom toward...

Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.

Chapter frame

Colossians (c. AD 60-62) was written to counter an incipient syncretistic philosophy combining Jewish law, Greek philosophy, and angel-mediated ritual. Paul's counter is total: Christ is the full image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation, the head of the body, the beginning and firstborn from the dead (1:15-20).

Colossians 1:15-20 is the NT's most comprehensive Christological hymn for cosmic creation and cosmic reconciliation — Christ as both origin and endpoint of all things, the glue (sunestēken, "holds together," v. 17) of the universe. This text defeats both Arianism and modern deism in a single sweep.


Verse-by-verse study laneOpen only when you are ready for notes and witnesses.

Verse-by-verse study lane

Colossians 4:1

Greek
οἱ κύριοι, τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τὴν ἰσότητα τοῖς δούλοις παρέχεσθε, εἰδότες ὅτι καὶ ὑμεῖς ἔχετε κύριον ἐν ⸀οὐρανῷ.

oi kyrioi, to dikaion kai ten isoteta tois doylois parechesthe, eidotes oti kai ymeis echete kyrion en oyrano.

KJV: Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven.

AKJV: Masters, give to your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that you also have a Master in heaven.

ASV: Masters, render unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven.

YLT: The masters! that which is righteous and equal to the servants give ye, having known that ye also have a Master in the heavens.

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:1
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:1

Quoted commentary witness

Final Exhortation SUMMARY OF COLOSSIANS 4: A Charge to Masters. Prayer and Prudence Commended. Tychicus, the Bearer of the Letter, Introduced. Onesimus Commended. Greetings from Brethren at Rome. The Epistle of the Laodiceans. Masters, give to [your] servants. See notes on "Eph 6:9". This verse ought to have been joined to the section of the preceding chapter in which mutual duties are enjoined. It should be remarked that such a charge as this is not found in all the profane writings of antiquity. Even in the pages of the moralists a slave was regarded as a chattel with which the master had a right to deal according to his will. The Christian rule, at once introduced into the church, was for the master to treat his servants as he wished to be treated by his Master in heaven, and to expect the same kind of treatment that he meted out.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Eph 6:9

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Masters
  • Prudence Commended
  • Tychicus
  • Letter
  • Introduced
  • Onesimus Commended
  • Rome
  • Laodiceans

Exposition: Colossians 4:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:2

Greek
Τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτερεῖτε, γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ,

Te proseyche proskartereite, gregoroyntes en ayte en eycharistia,

KJV: Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving;

AKJV: Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving;

ASV: Continue stedfastly in prayer, watching therein with thanksgiving;

YLT: In the prayer continue ye, watching in it in thanksgiving;

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:2
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:2

Quoted commentary witness

Continue in prayer. Prayer ought to be regular, habitual. The Christian should every day have a season of prayer. See Lu 18:1 Ac 1:14 Eph 6:18. Watch in the same. Watch that you pray aright, in earnest, and ask for what you ought. With thanksgiving. Let thanks for mercies given ascend as you ask for new mercies.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Eph 6:18

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray

Exposition: Colossians 4:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:3

Greek
προσευχόμενοι ἅμα καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν, ἵνα ὁ θεὸς ἀνοίξῃ ἡμῖν θύραν τοῦ λόγου, λαλῆσαι τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, διʼ ὃ καὶ δέδεμαι,

proseychomenoi ama kai peri emon, ina o theos anoixe emin thyran toy logoy, lalesai to mysterion toy Christoy, di o kai dedemai,

KJV: Withal praying also for us, that God would open unto us a door of utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds:

AKJV: With praying also for us, that God would open to us a door of utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds:

ASV: withal praying for us also, that God may open unto us a door for the word, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds;

YLT: praying at the same time also for us, that God may open to us a door for the word, to speak the secret of the Christ, because of which also I have been bound,

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:3
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:3

Quoted commentary witness

Withal praying also for us, that God would open unto us a door of utterance. Note the spirit of this prayer; not a thought of his ease, comfort, or even safety, but only that he may be given full opportunity to preach Christ. So sublime a self-forgetfulness in a suffering prisoner is almost divine. The mystery of Christ. The gospel of Christ. It was a mystery, i.e., a hidden truth until it was revealed. See 1Co 4:1 Eph 6:19 Col 1:26 2:2. In bonds. See notes on Eph 6:20 Php 1:7.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • 1 Eph 6:19
  • Col 1:26
  • Eph 6:20

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Christ

Exposition: Colossians 4:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Withal praying also for us, that God would open unto us a door of utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:4

Greek
ἵνα φανερώσω αὐτὸ ὡς δεῖ με λαλῆσαι.

ina phaneroso ayto os dei me lalesai.

KJV: That I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak.

AKJV: That I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak.

ASV: that I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak.

YLT: that I may manifest it, as it behoveth me to speak;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Colossians 4:4
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Colossians 4:4

Generated editorial synthesis

Colossians 4:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'That I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Colossians 4:4

Exposition: Colossians 4:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:5

Greek
Ἐν σοφίᾳ περιπατεῖτε πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω, τὸν καιρὸν ἐξαγοραζόμενοι.

En sophia peripateite pros toys exo, ton kairon exagorazomenoi.

KJV: Walk in wisdom toward them that are without, redeeming the time.

AKJV: Walk in wisdom toward them that are without, redeeming the time.

ASV: Walk in wisdom toward them that are without, redeeming the time.

YLT: in wisdom walk ye toward those without, the time forestalling;

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:5
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:5

Quoted commentary witness

Walk in wisdom toward them that are without. Let your conduct be prudent and sagacious. Do not provoke persecution. Redeeming. Buying by giving up your own pleasure. Redeeming the time. Using every opportunity and seeking time to do them good.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:5

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Redeeming

Exposition: Colossians 4:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Walk in wisdom toward them that are without, redeeming the time.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:6

Greek
ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν πάντοτε ἐν χάριτι, ἅλατι ἠρτυμένος, εἰδέναι πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ ἀποκρίνεσθαι.

o logos ymon pantote en chariti, alati ertymenos, eidenai pos dei ymas eni ekasto apokrinesthai.

KJV: Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man.

AKJV: Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt, that you may know how you ought to answer every man.

ASV: Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer each one.

YLT: your word always in grace--with salt being seasoned--to know how it behoveth you to answer each one.

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:6
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:6

Quoted commentary witness

Let your speech [be] always with grace. Use courteous speech, calculated to attract rather than to repel. Seasoned with salt. Food without seasoning is insipid. Let the speech be so seasoned by "grace" that it will not be rejected with aversion. That ye may know how ye ought to answer every man. So that your answer to every man may be such as the case requires. The idea is to always say what is pertinent and best for the occasion.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Colossians 4:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:7

Greek
Τὰ κατʼ ἐμὲ πάντα γνωρίσει ὑμῖν Τυχικὸς ὁ ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ πιστὸς διάκονος καὶ σύνδουλος ἐν κυρίῳ,

Ta kat eme panta gnorisei ymin Tychikos o agapetos adelphos kai pistos diakonos kai syndoylos en kyrio,

KJV: All my state shall Tychicus declare unto you, who is a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellowservant in the Lord:

AKJV: All my state shall Tychicus declare to you, who is a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellow servant in the Lord:

ASV: All my affairs shall Tychicus make known unto you, the beloved brother and faithful minister and fellow-servant in the Lord:

YLT: All the things concerning me make known to you shall Tychicus--the beloved brother, and faithful ministrant, and fellow-servant in the Lord--

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:7
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:7

Quoted commentary witness

All my state shall Tychicus declare unto you. On Tychicus, see PNT Eph 6:21. He carried the Epistle to the Ephesians, and that to the Colossians on the same journey. He was probably a native of Ephesus, and was one of Paul's most trusted evangelists. See Ac 20:4 2Ti 4:12 Tit 3:12. It should be kept in mind that all Paul's Epistles were sent by messengers. There were no postal arrangements for carrying private letters such as exist in our times.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:7

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Eph 6:21

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • On Tychicus
  • Ephesians
  • Ephesus

Exposition: Colossians 4:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'All my state shall Tychicus declare unto you, who is a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellowservant in the Lord:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:8

Greek
ὃν ἔπεμψα πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἵνα ⸀γνῶτε τὰ περὶ ⸀ἡμῶν καὶ παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν,

on epempsa pros ymas eis ayto toyto ina gnote ta peri emon kai parakalese tas kardias ymon,

KJV: Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose, that he might know your estate, and comfort your hearts;

AKJV: Whom I have sent to you for the same purpose, that he might know your estate, and comfort your hearts;

ASV: whom I have sent unto you for this very purpose, that ye may know our state, and that he may comfort your hearts;

YLT: whom I did send unto you for this very thing, that he might know the things concerning you, and might comfort your hearts,

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:8
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:8

Quoted commentary witness

Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose. Not only to carry letters, but to ascertain the state of the churches, and to instruct and comfort them. He came as an evangelist to help them on.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:8

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Colossians 4:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose, that he might know your estate, and comfort your hearts;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:9

Greek
σὺν Ὀνησίμῳ τῷ πιστῷ καὶ ἀγαπητῷ ἀδελφῷ, ὅς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν· πάντα ὑμῖν γνωρίσουσιν τὰ ὧδε.

syn Onesimo to pisto kai agapeto adelpho, os estin ex ymon· panta ymin gnorisoysin ta ode.

KJV: With Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They shall make known unto you all things which are done here.

AKJV: With Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They shall make known to you all things which are done here.

ASV: together with Onesimus, the faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They shall make known unto you all things that are done here.

YLT: with Onesimus the faithful and beloved brother, who is of you; all things to you shall they make known that are here.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Colossians 4:9
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Colossians 4:9

Generated editorial synthesis

Colossians 4:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'With Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They shall make known unto you all things which are done here.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:9

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Colossians 4:9

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • With Onesimus

Exposition: Colossians 4:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'With Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They shall make known unto you all things which are done here.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:10

Greek
Ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς Ἀρίσταρχος ὁ συναιχμάλωτός μου, καὶ Μᾶρκος ὁ ἀνεψιὸς Βαρναβᾶ (περὶ οὗ ἐλάβετε ἐντολάς, ἐὰν ἔλθῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς δέξασθε αὐτόν),

Aspazetai ymas Aristarchos o synaichmalotos moy, kai Markos o anepsios Barnaba (peri oy elabete entolas, ean elthe pros ymas dexasthe ayton),

KJV: Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister’s son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him;)

AKJV: Aristarchus my fellow prisoner salutes you, and Marcus, sister’s son to Barnabas, (touching whom you received commandments: if he come to you, receive him;)

ASV: Aristarchus my fellow-prisoner saluteth you, and Mark, the cousin of Barnabas (touching whom ye received commandments; if he come unto you, receive him),

YLT: Salute you doth Aristarchus, my fellow-captive, and Marcus, the nephew of Barnabas, (concerning whom ye did receive commands--if he may come unto you receive him,)

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:10
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:10

Quoted commentary witness

There follow Christian remembrances from several of Paul's companions. Aristarchus, my fellow-prisoner. A Macedonian from Thessalonica (Ac 19:29 20:4 27:2). He accompanied Paul from Jerusalem to Rome. He is named in Phm 1:24. And Marcus. The old companion of Paul and Barnabas on their first missionary tour (Ac 13:5,13). Sister's son to Barnabas. It is now conceded that this should be, "Cousin to Barnabas". Since in this year (probably A.D. 62) Mark attends Paul, it is inferred that Barnabas was dead. Concerning whom. Mark. Commandments. Commendations. Receive him. Perhaps these churches knew that at one time Paul had refused to have Mark in his company (Ac 15:38), and hence would not have received him cordially without such a commendation.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:10

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Aristarchus
  • Rome
  • And Marcus
  • Barnabas
  • Paul
  • Mark
  • Commandments
  • Commendations

Exposition: Colossians 4:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister’s son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him;)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:11

Greek
καὶ Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος Ἰοῦστος, οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς, οὗτοι μόνοι συνεργοὶ εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ, οἵτινες ἐγενήθησάν μοι παρηγορία.

kai Iesoys o legomenos Ioystos, oi ontes ek peritomes, oytoi monoi synergoi eis ten basileian toy theoy, oitines egenethesan moi paregoria.

KJV: And Jesus, which is called Justus, who are of the circumcision. These only are my fellowworkers unto the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort unto me.

AKJV: And Jesus, which is called Justus, who are of the circumcision. These only are my fellow workers to the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort to me.

ASV: and Jesus that is called Justus, who are of the circumcision: these only are my fellow-workers unto the kingdom of God, men that have been a comfort unto me.

YLT: and Jesus who is called Justus, who are of the circumcision: these only are fellow-workers for the reign of God who did become a comfort to me.

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:11
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:11

Quoted commentary witness

And Jesus, which is called Justus. We only know of this man that, like Mark, he was a Jewish Christian, "of the circumcision", and highly commended by Paul.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:11

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • And Jesus
  • Justus
  • Mark
  • Jewish Christian
  • Paul

Exposition: Colossians 4:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus, which is called Justus, who are of the circumcision. These only are my fellowworkers unto the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort unto me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:12

Greek
ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς Ἐπαφρᾶς ὁ ἐξ ὑμῶν, δοῦλος ⸀Χριστοῦ, πάντοτε ἀγωνιζόμενος ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς, ἵνα ⸀σταθῆτε τέλειοι καὶ ⸀πεπληροφορημένοι ἐν παντὶ θελήματι τοῦ θεοῦ.

aspazetai ymas Epaphras o ex ymon, doylos Christoy, pantote agonizomenos yper ymon en tais proseychais, ina stathete teleioi kai peplerophoremenoi en panti thelemati toy theoy.

KJV: Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ, saluteth you, always labouring fervently for you in prayers, that ye may stand perfect and complete in all the will of God.

AKJV: Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ, salutes you, always laboring fervently for you in prayers, that you may stand perfect and complete in all the will of God.

ASV: Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ Jesus, saluteth you, always striving for you in his prayers, that ye may stand perfect and fully assured in all the will of God.

YLT: Salute you doth Epaphras, who is of you, a servant of Christ, always striving for you in the prayers, that ye may stand perfect and made full in all the will of God,

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:12
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:12

Quoted commentary witness

Epaphras. He is thought to have founded the church at Colosse. See PNT Col 1:7. Who is [one] of you. A member of the Colossian church. Always labouring fervently for you in prayers. In his absence from you he continues to labor fervently for you in his prayers.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:12

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Col 1:7

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Epaphras
  • Colosse

Exposition: Colossians 4:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ, saluteth you, always labouring fervently for you in prayers, that ye may stand perfect and complete in all the will of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:13

Greek
μαρτυρῶ γὰρ αὐτῷ ὅτι ἔχει ⸂πολὺν πόνον⸃ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν ἐν Λαοδικείᾳ καὶ τῶν ἐν Ἱεραπόλει.

martyro gar ayto oti echei polyn ponon yper ymon kai ton en Laodikeia kai ton en Ierapolei.

KJV: For I bear him record, that he hath a great zeal for you, and them that are in Laodicea, and them in Hierapolis.

AKJV: For I bear him record, that he has a great zeal for you, and them that are in Laodicea, and them in Hierapolis.

ASV: For I bear him witness, that he hath much labor for you, and for them in Laodicea, and for them in Hierapolis.

YLT: for I do testify to him, that he hath much zeal for you, and those in Laodicea, and those in Hierapolis.

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:13
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:13

Quoted commentary witness

Them [that are] in Laodicea. The sister city near at hand across the valley of the Lycus. And them in Hierapolis. Another city close at hand, in which a church had been planted. Probably Epaphras planted it also.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:13

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Laodicea
  • Lycus
  • Hierapolis

Exposition: Colossians 4:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I bear him record, that he hath a great zeal for you, and them that are in Laodicea, and them in Hierapolis.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:14

Greek
ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς Λουκᾶς ὁ ἰατρὸς ὁ ἀγαπητὸς καὶ Δημᾶς.

aspazetai ymas Loykas o iatros o agapetos kai Demas.

KJV: Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas, greet you.

AKJV: Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas, greet you.

ASV: Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas salute you.

YLT: Salute you doth Lukas, the beloved physician, and Demas;

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:14
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:14

Quoted commentary witness

Luke. The historian. Note that two, Mark and Luke, were both with Paul at this time. He was a Gentile. Demas. Named in Phm 1:24. Named also, and not to his credit, in 2Ti 4:10.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:14

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Luke
  • Gentile
  • Demas

Exposition: Colossians 4:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas, greet you.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:15

Greek
ἀσπάσασθε τοὺς ἐν Λαοδικείᾳ ἀδελφοὺς καὶ ⸂Νύμφαν καὶ τὴν κατʼ οἶκον αὐτῆς⸃ ἐκκλησίαν.

aspasasthe toys en Laodikeia adelphoys kai Nymphan kai ten kat oikon aytes ekklesian.

KJV: Salute the brethren which are in Laodicea, and Nymphas, and the church which is in his house.

AKJV: Salute the brothers which are in Laodicea, and Nymphas, and the church which is in his house.

ASV: Salute the brethren that are in Laodicea, and Nymphas, and the church that is in their house.

YLT: salute ye those in Laodicea--brethren, and Nymphas, and the assembly in his house;

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:15
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:15

Quoted commentary witness

Nymphas. An inhabitant of Laodicea. The church which is in his house, "His" in the Common Version; "her" in the Vatican MS, but the best authority renders it "their house"; i.e., the house of Nymphas and his family. In the first century no church building existed, and the Christians met in private houses. A portion, at least, of those in Laodicea met in the house of Nymphas, and are greeted as "the church in their house" (Revised Version). See also Ro 16:5 1Co 16:19 Phm 1:2.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:15

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Nymphas
  • Laodicea
  • Common Version

Exposition: Colossians 4:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Salute the brethren which are in Laodicea, and Nymphas, and the church which is in his house.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:16

Greek
καὶ ὅταν ἀναγνωσθῇ παρʼ ὑμῖν ἡ ἐπιστολή, ποιήσατε ἵνα καὶ ἐν τῇ ⸀Λαοδικέων ἐκκλησίᾳ ἀναγνωσθῇ, καὶ τὴν ἐκ Λαοδικείας ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀναγνῶτε.

kai otan anagnosthe par ymin e epistole, poiesate ina kai en te Laodikeon ekklesia anagnosthe, kai ten ek Laodikeias ina kai ymeis anagnote.

KJV: And when this epistle is read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans; and that ye likewise read the epistle from Laodicea.

AKJV: And when this letter is read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans; and that you likewise read the letter from Laodicea.

ASV: And when this epistle hath been read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans; and that ye also read the epistle from Laodicea.

YLT: and when the epistle may be read with you, cause that also in the assembly of the Laodiceans it may be read, and the epistle from Laodicea that ye also may read;

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:16
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:16

Quoted commentary witness

Likewise read the [epistle] from Laodicea. The Epistles addressed to these contiguous churches were for each other. Tychicus no doubt bore also a letter to the Laodiceans. Whether that letter was lost, whether it is the Epistle to the Ephesians, or whether the letter was a general letter to the churches of Asia, has been much discussed. My own opinion is that more than one copy of the Ephesian letter was made, one being delivered to the Ephesian church, and the other to the church at Laodicea. Space will not permit of a discussion upon this point.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:16

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Laodicea
  • Laodiceans
  • Ephesians
  • Asia

Exposition: Colossians 4:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when this epistle is read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans; and that ye likewise read the epistle from Laodicea.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:17

Greek
καὶ εἴπατε Ἀρχίππῳ· Βλέπε τὴν διακονίαν ἣν παρέλαβες ἐν κυρίῳ, ἵνα αὐτὴν πληροῖς.

kai eipate Archippo· Blepe ten diakonian en parelabes en kyrio, ina ayten plerois.

KJV: And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfil it.

AKJV: And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which you have received in the Lord, that you fulfill it.

ASV: And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfil it.

YLT: and say to Archippus, `See to the ministration that thou didst receive in the Lord, that thou mayest fulfil it.'

Commentary Witness (Generated)Colossians 4:17
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Colossians 4:17

Generated editorial synthesis

Colossians 4:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfil it.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:17

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Colossians 4:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Archippus
  • Lord

Exposition: Colossians 4:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfil it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Colossians 4:18

Greek
Ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ Παύλου. μνημονεύετέ μου τῶν δεσμῶν. ἡ χάρις μεθʼ ⸀ὑμῶν.

O aspasmos te eme cheiri Payloy. mnemoneyete moy ton desmon. e charis meth ymon.

KJV: The salutation by the hand of me Paul. Remember my bonds. Grace be with you. Amen. Written from Rome to the Colossians by Tychicus and Onesimus.

AKJV: The salutation by the hand of me Paul. Remember my bonds. Grace be with you. Amen.

ASV: The salutation of me Paul with mine own hand. Remember my bonds. Grace be with you.

YLT: The salutation by the hand of me, Paul; remember my bonds; the grace is with you. Amen.

Commentary WitnessColossians 4:18
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Colossians 4:18

Quoted commentary witness

The salutation by the hand of me Paul. Paul dictated his epistles to an amanuensis (Ro 16:22), but was wont to add a salutation in his own hand (Ga 6:11 2Th 3:17 1Co 16:21). Remember my bonds. Three times this chapter he alludes to his chains, in Col 4:3,10,18. The thought is, "Be willing to suffer for the gospel even as I do".

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Colossians 4:18

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Col 4:3

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Paul

Exposition: Colossians 4:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The salutation by the hand of me Paul. Remember my bonds. Grace be with you. Amen. Written from Rome to the Colossians by Tychicus and Onesimus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.

Scholarly apparatus

Commentary citation index

This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.

Direct commentary witnesses

15

Generated editorial witnesses

3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Canonical references surfaced in commentary

  • Eph 6:9
  • Colossians 4:1
  • Eph 6:18
  • Colossians 4:2
  • 1 Eph 6:19
  • Col 1:26
  • Eph 6:20
  • Colossians 4:3
  • Colossians 4:4
  • Colossians 4:5
  • Colossians 4:6
  • Eph 6:21
  • Colossians 4:7
  • Colossians 4:8
  • Colossians 4:9
  • Colossians 4:10
  • Colossians 4:11
  • Col 1:7
  • Colossians 4:12
  • Colossians 4:13
  • Colossians 4:14
  • Colossians 4:15
  • Colossians 4:16
  • Colossians 4:17
  • Col 4:3
  • Colossians 4:18

Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary

  • Ray
  • Masters
  • Prudence Commended
  • Tychicus
  • Letter
  • Introduced
  • Onesimus Commended
  • Rome
  • Laodiceans
  • Christ
  • Redeeming
  • On Tychicus
  • Ephesians
  • Ephesus
  • With Onesimus
  • Aristarchus
  • And Marcus
  • Barnabas
  • Paul
  • Mark
  • Commandments
  • Commendations
  • Jesus
  • And Jesus
  • Justus
  • Jewish Christian
  • Epaphras
  • Colosse
  • Laodicea
  • Lycus
  • Hierapolis
  • Luke
  • Gentile
  • Demas
  • Nymphas
  • Common Version
  • Asia
  • Archippus
  • Lord
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Old Testament Prophets

Lamentations

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Lamentations

Open Lamentations

Old Testament Prophets

Ezekiel

Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 48 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezekiel

Open Ezekiel

Old Testament Prophets

Daniel

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Daniel

Open Daniel

Old Testament Prophets

Hosea

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hosea

Open Hosea

Old Testament Prophets

Joel

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joel

Open Joel

Old Testament Prophets

Amos

Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 9 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Amos

Open Amos

Old Testament Prophets

Obadiah

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Obadiah

Open Obadiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jonah

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jonah

Open Jonah

Old Testament Prophets

Micah

Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 7 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Micah

Open Micah

Old Testament Prophets

Nahum

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nahum

Open Nahum

Old Testament Prophets

Habakkuk

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Habakkuk

Open Habakkuk

Old Testament Prophets

Zephaniah

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zephaniah

Open Zephaniah

Old Testament Prophets

Haggai

Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 2 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Haggai

Open Haggai

Old Testament Prophets

Zechariah

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zechariah

Open Zechariah

Old Testament Prophets

Malachi

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Malachi

Open Malachi

New Testament Gospels

Matthew

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Matthew

Open Matthew

New Testament Gospels

Mark

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Mark

Open Mark

New Testament Gospels

Luke

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Luke

Open Luke

New Testament Gospels

John

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for John

Open John

New Testament History

Acts

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Acts

Open Acts

New Testament Letters

Romans

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Romans

Open Romans

New Testament Letters

1 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Corinthians

Open 1 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

2 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Corinthians

Open 2 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

Galatians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Galatians

Open Galatians

New Testament Letters

Ephesians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ephesians

Open Ephesians

New Testament Letters

Philippians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philippians

Open Philippians

New Testament Letters

Colossians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Colossians

Open Colossians

New Testament Letters

1 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Thessalonians

Open 1 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

2 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Thessalonians

Open 2 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

1 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Timothy

Open 1 Timothy

New Testament Letters

2 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Timothy

Open 2 Timothy

New Testament Letters

Titus

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Titus

Open Titus

New Testament Letters

Philemon

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philemon

Open Philemon

New Testament Letters

Hebrews

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hebrews

Open Hebrews

New Testament Letters

James

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for James

Open James

New Testament Letters

1 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Peter

Open 1 Peter

New Testament Letters

2 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Peter

Open 2 Peter

New Testament Letters

1 John

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 John

Open 1 John

New Testament Letters

2 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 John

Open 2 John

New Testament Letters

3 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 3 John

Open 3 John

New Testament Letters

Jude

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jude

Open Jude

New Testament Apocalypse

Revelation

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Revelation

Open Revelation

What this explorer shows today

The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.

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