Apologetics Bible
Read Scripture with the original-language, translation, commentary, and apologetics layers kept close to the text.
Scripture-first study surface. Data layers support reading; they do not replace prayer, context, humility, or the text itself.
Four study layers kept near the text.
The reader keeps Scripture first, then brings original-language notes, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition into an ordered study path without letting the tools outrank the passage.
Hebrew and Greek source shelves sit near the passage with transliteration and morphology notes where the source data is available.
A broad translation-comparison set brings KJV, ASV, YLT, BSB, Darby, and many other renderings near the verse so wording differences can be studied carefully.
Historical witness notes appear where source coverage is available, helping readers compare older interpreters without replacing the passage.
Apologetics exposition helps trace how passages function in canonical argument, what doctrinal claims they touch, and how themes connect across the 66 books.
Open a passage.
Read the text first, then compare available translations, words, witness notes, and defense notes.
Type a Bible reference, then jump into the reader.
Choose a layer, then the reader opens that study surface near the passage.
Summary first. Then the depth.
Each chapter starts with the passage, then keeps the supporting study layers close enough to check without replacing the text.
Book framing comes before the notes: title, placement, authorship questions, and why the passage matters.
The chapter text stays first. Supporting source shelves sit after the passage.
Original language, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition stay grouped around the passage when the supporting data is available.
Start with the passage. Use the tools after the text.
The reader keeps translations, source shelves, original-language data, and verse-linked notes close to Scripture. Open Bible Data for the public shelves, or bring a careful question to DaveAI later.
Read the Word before every witness.
Open the chapter itself first. Summaries, verse waypoints, ancient witnesses, cross-references, and the citation apparatus are here to serve the Word YHWH has given, never to outrank it.
The Bible is the authority here. Notes, languages, witnesses, and defenses sit below the text as servants of faithful study.
Receive the chapter frame
Ephesians (c. AD 60-62, written from Roman imprisonment) is Paul's most comprehensive ecclesiological document — describing the church as the body of Christ, the fullness of Him who fills all in all (1:23).
Move with reverence
Move carefully to the section you need
Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Ephesians_5
- Primary Witness Text: Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children; And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour. But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becometh saints; Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks. For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God. Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience. Be not ye therefore partakers with them. For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord: walk as children of light: (For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth;) Proving what is acceptable unto the Lord. And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them. For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret. But all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth make manifest is light. Wherefore he saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light. See then that ye walk circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise, Redeeming the time, because the days are evil. Wherefore be ye not unwise, but understanding what the wi...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Ephesians_5
- Chapter Blob Preview: Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children; And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour. But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becometh saints; Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenie...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Ephesians (c. AD 60-62, written from Roman imprisonment) is Paul's most comprehensive ecclesiological document — describing the church as the body of Christ, the fullness of Him who fills all in all (1:23).
Ephesians 1:3-14 is a single doxological sentence in Greek, the richest concentration of Trinitarian soteriology in the NT: election by the Father, redemption through the Son, sealing by the Spirit — all "in Christ." Ephesians 2:8-9 is the most quoted statement of grace-alone, faith-alone salvation in the NT, placed in direct contrast to human works and human boasting.
Verse-by-verse study laneOpen only when you are ready for notes and witnesses.
Verse-by-verse study lane
Ephesians 5:1
Greek
γίνεσθε οὖν μιμηταὶ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὡς τέκνα ἀγαπητά,ginesthe oyn mimetai toy theoy, os tekna agapeta,
KJV: Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children;
AKJV: Be you therefore followers of God, as dear children;
ASV: Be ye therefore imitators of God, as beloved children;
YLT: Become, then, followers of God, as children beloved,
Exposition: Ephesians 5:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:2
Greek
καὶ περιπατεῖτε ἐν ἀγάπῃ, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπησεν ⸀ἡμᾶς καὶ παρέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ⸀ἡμῶν προσφορὰν καὶ θυσίαν τῷ θεῷ εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας.kai peripateite en agape, kathos kai o Christos egapesen emas kai paredoken eayton yper emon prosphoran kai thysian to theo eis osmen eyodias.
KJV: And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour.
AKJV: And walk in love, as Christ also has loved us, and has given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet smelling smell.
ASV: and walk in love, even as Christ also loved you, and gave himself up for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God for an odor of a sweet smell.
YLT: and walk in love, as also the Christ did love us, and did give himself for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God for an odour of a sweet smell,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:2
Verse 2 And walk in love - Let every act of life be dictated by love to God and man. As Christ - hath loved us - Laying down your lives for your brethren if necessary; counting nothing too difficult to be done in order to promote their eternal salvation. Hath given himself for us - Christ hath died in our stead, and become thereby a sacrifice for our sins. An offering - Προσφορα· An oblation, an eucharistic offering; the same as מנחה minchah, Lev 2:1, etc., which is explained to be an offering made unto the Lord, of fine flour, with oil and frankincense. It means, any offering by which gratitude was expressed for temporal blessings received from the bounty of God. A sacrifice - Θυσια· A sin-offering, a victim for sin; the same as זבח zebach, which almost universally means that sacrificial act in which the blood of an animal was poured out as an atonement for sin. These terms may be justly considered as including every kind of sacrifice, offering, and oblation made to God on any account; and both these terms are with propriety used here, because the apostle's design was to represent the sufficiency of the offering made by Christ for the sin of the world. And the passage strongly intimates, that as man is bound to be grateful to God for the good things of this life, so he should testify that gratitude by suitable offerings; but having sinned against God, he has forfeited all earthly blessings as well as those that come from heaven; and that Jesus Christ gave himself ὑπερ ἡμων, in our stead and on our account, as the gratitude-offering, προσφορα, which we owed to our Maker, and, without which a continuance of temporal blessings could not be expected; and also as a sacrifice for sin, θυσια, without which we could never approach God, and without which we must be punished with an everlasting destruction from the presence of God and the glory of his power. Thus we find that even our temporal blessings come from and by Jesus Christ, as well as all our spiritual and eternal mercies. For a sweet-smelling savor - Εις οσμην ευωδιας· The same as is expressed in Gen 8:21; Lev 1:9; Lev 3:16 : ריח ניהוח ליהוה reiach nichoach laihovah, "a sweet savor unto the Lord;" i.e. an offering of his own prescription, and one with which he was well pleased; and by accepting of which he showed that he accepted the person who offered it. The sweet-smelling savor refers to the burnt-offerings, the fumes of which ascended from the fire in the act of burning; and as such odors are grateful to man, God represents himself as pleased with them, when offered by an upright worshipper according to his own appointment.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Lev 2:1
- Gen 8:21
- Lev 1:9
- Lev 3:16
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesus
- Lord
- Maker
- Jesus Christ
Exposition: Ephesians 5:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:3
Greek
Πορνεία δὲ καὶ ⸂ἀκαθαρσία πᾶσα⸃ ἢ πλεονεξία μηδὲ ὀνομαζέσθω ἐν ὑμῖν, καθὼς πρέπει ἁγίοις,Porneia de kai akatharsia pasa e pleonexia mede onomazestho en ymin, kathos prepei agiois,
KJV: But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becometh saints;
AKJV: But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becomes saints;
ASV: But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not even be named among you, as becometh saints;
YLT: and whoredom, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not even be named among you, as becometh saints;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:3
Verse 3 But fornication - It is probable that the three terms used here by the apostle refer to different species of the same thing. The word fornication, πορνεια, may imply not only fornication but adultery also, as it frequently does; uncleanness, ακαθαρσια may refer to all abominable and unnatural lusts - sodomy, bestiality, etc., and covetousness, πλεονεξια, to excessive indulgence in that which, moderately used, is lawful. As the covetous man never has enough of wealth, so the pleasure-taker and the libertine never have enough of the gratifications of sense, the appetite increasing in proportion to its indulgence. If, however, simple covetousness, i.e. the love of gain, be here intended, it shows from the connection in which it stands, (for it is linked with fornication, adultery, and all uncleanness), how degrading it is to the soul of man, and how abominable it is in the eye of God. In other places it is ranked with idolatry, for the man who has an inordinate love of gain makes money his god. Let it not be once named - Let no such things ever exist among you, for ye are called to be saints.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- If
Exposition: Ephesians 5:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becometh saints;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:4
Greek
καὶ αἰσχρότης καὶ μωρολογία ἢ εὐτραπελία, ⸂ἃ οὐκ ἀνῆκεν⸃, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον εὐχαριστία.kai aischrotes kai morologia e eytrapelia, a oyk aneken, alla mallon eycharistia.
KJV: Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks.
AKJV: Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks.
ASV: nor filthiness, nor foolish talking, or jesting, which are not befitting: but rather giving of thanks.
YLT: also filthiness, and foolish talking, or jesting, --the things not fit--but rather thanksgiving;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:4
Verse 4 Neither filthiness - Αισχροτης· Any thing base or vile in words or acts. Foolish talking - Μωρολογια· Scurrility, buffoonery, ridicule, or what tends to expose another to contempt. Nor jesting - Ευτραπελια· Artfully turned discourses or words, from ευ, well or easily, and τρεπω, I turn; words that can be easily turned to other meanings; double entendres; chaste words which, from their connection, and the manner in which they are used, convey an obscene or offensive meaning. It also means jests, puns, witty sayings, and mountebank repartees of all kinds. Which are not convenient - Ουκ ανηκοντα· They do not come up to the proper standard; they are utterly improper in themselves, and highly unbecoming in those who profess Christianity. But rather giving of thanks - Ευχαριστια· Decent and edifying discourse or thanksgiving to God. Prayer or praise is the most suitable language for man; and he who is of a trifling, light disposition, is ill fitted for either. How can a man, who has been talking foolishly or jestingly in company, go in private to magnify God for the use of his tongue which he has abused, or his rational faculties which he has degraded?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Scurrility
- Christianity
Exposition: Ephesians 5:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:5
Greek
τοῦτο γὰρ ⸀ἴστε γινώσκοντες ὅτι πᾶς πόρνος ἢ ἀκάθαρτος ἢ πλεονέκτης, ⸀ὅ ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης, οὐκ ἔχει κληρονομίαν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ.toyto gar iste ginoskontes oti pas pornos e akathartos e pleonektes, o estin eidololatres, oyk echei kleronomian en te basileia toy Christoy kai theoy.
KJV: For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God.
AKJV: For this you know, that no fornicator, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, has any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God.
ASV: For this ye know of a surety, that no fornicator, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God.
YLT: for this ye know, that every whoremonger, or unclean, or covetous person, who is an idolater, hath no inheritance in the reign of the Christ and God.
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:5
Verse 5 For this ye know - Ye must be convinced of the dangerous and ruinous tendency of such a spirit and conduct, when ye know that persons of this character can never inherit the kingdom of God. See on Eph 5:3 (note); and see the observations on the Greek article at the end of this epistle.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Eph 5:3
Exposition: Ephesians 5:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:6
Greek
Μηδεὶς ὑμᾶς ἀπατάτω κενοῖς λόγοις, διὰ ταῦτα γὰρ ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας.Medeis ymas apatato kenois logois, dia tayta gar erchetai e orge toy theoy epi toys yioys tes apeitheias.
KJV: Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience.
AKJV: Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things comes the wrath of God on the children of disobedience.
ASV: Let no man deceive you with empty words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the sons of disobedience.
YLT: Let no one deceive you with vain words, for because of these things cometh the anger of God upon the sons of the disobedience,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:6
Verse 6 Let no man deceive you - Suffer no man to persuade you that any of these things are innocent, or that they are unavoidable frailties of human nature; they are all sins and abominations in the sight of God; those who practice them are children of disobedience; and on account of such practices the wrath of God - Divine punishment, must come upon them.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Ephesians 5:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:7
Greek
μὴ οὖν γίνεσθε συμμέτοχοι αὐτῶν·me oyn ginesthe symmetochoi ayton·
KJV: Be not ye therefore partakers with them.
AKJV: Be not you therefore partakers with them.
ASV: Be not ye therefore partakers with them;
YLT: become not, then, partakers with them,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:7
Verse 7 Be not ye therefore partakers with them - Do not act as your fellow citizens do; nor suffer their philosophy, to it in vain words, κενοις λογοις, with empty and illusive doctrines, to lead you astray from the path of truth. That there was much need for such directions and cautions to the people of Ephesus has been often remarked. It appears, from Athenaeus, that these people were addicted to luxury, effeminacy etc. He tells us that the famous Aspasia, who was herself of the Socratic sect, brought a vast number of beautiful women into Greece, and by their means filled the country with prostitutes, και επληθυνεν απο των ταυτης ἑταιριδων ἡ Ελλας, lib. xiii. cap. 25. Ibid. cap. 31, he observes that the Ephesians had dedicated temples ἑταιρᾳ Αφροδιτῃ, to the prostitute Venus; and again, cap. 32, he quotes from Demosthenes, in Orat. contra Neaeram: τας μεν ἑταιρας ἡδονης ἑνεκα εχομεν, τας δε παλλακας της καθ' ἡμεραν παλλακειας, τας δε γυναικας του παιδοποιεισθαι γνησιως, και των ενδον φυλακα πιστην εχειν· "We have whores for our pleasure, harlots for daily use, and wives for the procreation of legitimate children, and for the faithful preservation of our property." Through the whole of this 13th book of Athenaeus the reader will see the most melancholy proofs of the most abominable practices among the Greeks, and the high estimation in which public prostitutes were held; the greatest lawgivers and the wisest philosophers among the Greeks supported this system both by their authority and example. Is it not in reference to their teaching and laws that the apostle says: Let no man deceive you with vain words?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Philo
- Ray
- Athenaeus
- Aspasia
- Greece
- Ibid
- Venus
- Demosthenes
- Orat
- Neaeram
- Greeks
Exposition: Ephesians 5:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Be not ye therefore partakers with them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:8
Greek
ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος, νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν κυρίῳ· ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε,ete gar pote skotos, nyn de phos en kyrio· os tekna photos peripateite,
KJV: For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord: walk as children of light:
AKJV: For you were sometimes darkness, but now are you light in the Lord: walk as children of light:
ASV: for ye were once darkness, but are now light in the Lord: walk as children of light
YLT: for ye were once darkness, and now light in the Lord; as children of light walk ye,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:8
Verse 8 For ye were sometimes (ποτε, formerly) darkness - While ye lived in darkness, ye lived in these crimes. But now are ye light in the Lord - When ye were in heathenish darkness ye served divers lusts and pleasures, but now ye have the light - the wisdom and teaching which come from God; therefore walk as children of the light - let the world see that ye are not slaves to the flesh, but free, willing, rational servants of the Most High; not brutish followers of devil gods.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Most High
Exposition: Ephesians 5:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord: walk as children of light:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:9
Greek
ὁ γὰρ καρπὸς τοῦ ⸀φωτὸς ἐν πάσῃ ἀγαθωσύνῃ καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ἀληθείᾳ,o gar karpos toy photos en pase agathosyne kai dikaiosyne kai aletheia,
KJV: (For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth;)
AKJV: (For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth;)
ASV: (for the fruit of the light is in all goodness and righteousness and truth),
YLT: for the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness, and righteousness, and truth,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:9
Verse 9 For the fruit of the Spirit - Instead of Spirit, Πνευματος, ABD*EFG, the Syriac, Coptic, Sahidic, Ethiopic, Armenian, Vulgate, and Itala, together with several of the fathers, read φωτος, light, which is supposed by most critics to be the true reading, because there is no mention made of the Spirit in any part of the context. As light, Eph 5:8, not only means the Divine influence upon the soul, but also the Gospel, with great propriety it may be said: The fruit of the light, i.e. of the Gospel, is in all goodness, and righteousness, and truth. Goodness, αγαθωσυνῃ, in the principle and disposition; righteousness, δικαιοσυνη, the exercise of that goodness in the whole conduct of life; truth, αληθεια, the director of that principle, and its exercise, to the glorification of God and the good of mankind.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Eph 5:8
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- Syriac
- Coptic
- Sahidic
- Ethiopic
- Armenian
- Itala
- Gospel
- Goodness
Exposition: Ephesians 5:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth;)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:10
Greek
δοκιμάζοντες τί ἐστιν εὐάρεστον τῷ κυρίῳ·dokimazontes ti estin eyareston to kyrio·
KJV: Proving what is acceptable unto the Lord.
AKJV: Proving what is acceptable to the Lord.
ASV: proving what is well-pleasing unto the Lord;
YLT: proving what is well-pleasing to the Lord,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:10
Verse 10 Proving what is acceptable - By walking in the light - under the influence of the Divine Spirit, according to the dictates of the Gospel, ye shall be able to try, and bring to full proof, that by which God is best pleased. Ye shall be able to please him well in all things.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Divine Spirit
- Gospel
Exposition: Ephesians 5:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Proving what is acceptable unto the Lord.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:11
Greek
καὶ μὴ συγκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐλέγχετε,kai me sygkoinoneite tois ergois tois akarpois toy skotoys, mallon de kai elegchete,
KJV: And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.
AKJV: And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.
ASV: and have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather even reprove them;
YLT: and have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of the darkness and rather even convict,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:11
Verse 11 Have no fellowship - Have no religious connection whatever with heathens or their worship. Unfruitful works of darkness - Probably alluding to the mysteries among the heathens, and the different lustrations and rites through which the initiated went in the caves and dark recesses where these mysteries were celebrated; all which he denominates works of darkness, because they were destitute of true wisdom; and unfruitful works, because they were of no use to mankind; the initiated being obliged, on pain of death, to keep secret what they had seen, heard, and done: hence they were called απορῥητα μυστηρια, unspeakable mysteries - things that were not to be divulged. That the apostle may refer to magic and incantations is also probable, for to these the Ephesians were greatly addicted. See the proofs in the notes on Act 19:19. Rather reprove them - Bear a testimony against them; convince them that they are wrong; confute them in their vain reasons; reprove them for their vices, which are flagrant, while pretending to superior illumination. All these meanings has the Greek word ελεγχω, which we generally render to convince or reprove.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Act 19:19
Exposition: Ephesians 5:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:12
Greek
τὰ γὰρ κρυφῇ γινόμενα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν αἰσχρόν ἐστιν καὶ λέγειν·ta gar kryphe ginomena yp ayton aischron estin kai legein·
KJV: For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret.
AKJV: For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret.
ASV: for the things which are done by them in secret it is a shame even to speak of.
YLT: for the things in secret done by them it is a shame even to speak of,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:12
Verse 12 For it is a shame even to speak - This no doubt refers to the Eleusinian and Bacchanalian mysteries, which were performed in the night and darkness, and were known to be so impure and abominable, especially the latter, that the Roman senate banished them both from Rome and Italy. How the discovery of these depths of Satan was made, and the whole proceedings in that case, may be seen in Livy, Hist. lib. xxxix. cap. 8-19, where the reader will see the force of what the apostle says here: It is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret; the abominations being of the most stupendous kind, and of the deepest dye.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Italy
- Livy
- Hist
Exposition: Ephesians 5:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:13
Greek
τὰ δὲ πάντα ἐλεγχόμενα ὑπὸ τοῦ φωτὸς φανεροῦται,ta de panta elegchomena ypo toy photos phaneroytai,
KJV: But all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth make manifest is light.
AKJV: But all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light: for whatever does make manifest is light.
ASV: But all things when they are reproved are made manifest by the light: for everything that is made manifest is light.
YLT: and all the things reproved by the light are manifested, for everything that is manifested is light;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:13
Verse 13 But all things that are reproved - Dr. Macknight paraphrases this verse as follows: "Now all these reprovable actions, ελεγχομενα, which are practised in celebrating these mysteries, are made manifest as sinful by the Gospel; and, seeing every thing which discovers the true nature of actions is light, the Gospel, which discovers the evil nature of the actions performed in these mysteries, is light." The apostle speaks against these mysteries as he speaks against fornication, uncleanness, and covetousness; but by no means either borrows expression or similitude from them to illustrate Divine truths; for, as it would be a shame even to speak of those things, surely it would be an abomination to allude to them in the illustration of the doctrines of the Gospel.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Dr
- Gospel
Exposition: Ephesians 5:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth make manifest is light.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:14
Greek
πᾶν γὰρ τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν. διὸ λέγει· Ἔγειρε, ὁ καθεύδων, καὶ ἀνάστα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, καὶ ἐπιφαύσει σοι ὁ Χριστός.pan gar to phaneroymenon phos estin. dio legei· Egeire, o katheydon, kai anasta ek ton nekron, kai epiphaysei soi o Christos.
KJV: Wherefore he saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light.
AKJV: Why he says, Awake you that sleep, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give you light.
ASV: Wherefore he saith, Awake, thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall shine upon thee.
YLT: wherefore he saith, `Arouse thyself, thou who art sleeping, and arise out of the dead, and the Christ shall shine upon thee.'
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:14Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:14
Verse 14 Wherefore he saith - It is a matter of doubt and controversy whence this saying is derived. Some think it taken from Isa 26:19 : Thy dead men shall live; with my dead body shall they arise; Awake and sing, ye that dwell in the dust, etc. Others think that it is taken from Isa 60:1-3 : Arise, shine; for thy light is come, etc. But these passages neither give the words nor the meaning of the apostle. Epiphanius supposed them to be taken from an ancient prophecy of Elijah, long since lost: Syncellus and Euthalius think they were taken from an apocryphal work attributed to Jeremiah the prophet: others, that they made part of a hymn then used in the Christian Church; for that there were, in the apostle's time, hymns and spiritual songs, as well as psalms, we learn from himself, in Eph 5:19, and from Col 3:16. The hymn is supposed to have begun thus: - Εγειραι ὁ καθευδων, Και αναστα εκ των νεκρων, Επιφαυσει σοι ὁ Χριστος. Awake, O thou who sleepest, And from the dead arise thou, And Christ shall shine upon thee. See Rosenmuller, Wolf, and others. But it seems more natural to understand the words he saith as referring to the light, i.e. the Gospel, mentioned Eph 5:13. And the διο λεγει should be translated, Wherefore It saith, Awake thou, etc. that is: This is the general, the strong, commanding voice of the Gospel in every part - Receive instruction; leave thy sins, which are leading thee to perdition; believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and he will enlighten and save thee. As a man asleep neither knows nor does any thing that can be called good or useful, so the Gentiles and all others, while without the knowledge of Christianity, had not only no proper knowledge of vice and virtue, but they had no correct notion of the true God. As the dead can perform no function of life, so the Gentiles and the unconverted were incapable of performing any thing worthy either of life or being. But though they were asleep - in a state of complete spiritual torpor, yet they might be awoke by the voice of the Gospel; and though dead to all goodness, and to every function of the spiritual life, yet, as their animal life was whole in them, and perception and reason were still left, they were capable of hearing the Gospel, and under that influence which always accompanies it when faithfully preached, they could discern its excellency, and find it to be the power of God to their salvation. And they are addressed by the apostle as possessing this capacity; and, on their using it properly, have the promise that Christ shall enlighten them.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Isa 26:19
- Isa 60:1-3
- Eph 5:19
- Col 3:16
- Eph 5:13
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesus
- Arise
- Elijah
- Christian Church
- Awake
- See Rosenmuller
- Wolf
- Gospel
- Lord Jesus Christ
- Christianity
Exposition: Ephesians 5:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore he saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:15
Greek
Βλέπετε οὖν ⸂ἀκριβῶς πῶς⸃ περιπατεῖτε, μὴ ὡς ἄσοφοι ἀλλʼ ὡς σοφοί,Blepete oyn akribos pos peripateite, me os asophoi all os sophoi,
KJV: See then that ye walk circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise,
AKJV: See then that you walk circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise,
ASV: Look therefore carefully how ye walk, not as unwise, but as wise;
YLT: See, then, how exactly ye walk, not as unwise, but as wise,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:15
Verse 15 Walk circumspectly - Our word circumspect, from the Latin circirmspicio, signifies to look round about on all hands; to be every way watchful, wary, and cautious, in order to avoid danger, discern enemies before they come too nigh, and secure a man's interest by every possible and lawful means. But the original word ακριβως signifies correctly, accurately, consistently, or perfectly. Be ye, who have received the truth, careful of your conduct; walk by the rule which God has given you; do this as well in little as in great matters; exemplify your principles, which are holy and good, by a corresponding conduct; do not only profess, but live the Gospel. As you embrace all its promises, be careful also to embrace all its precepts; and behave yourselves so, that your enemies may never be able to say that ye are holy in your doctrines and profession, but irregular in your lives. Not as fools, but as wise - Μη ὡς ασοφοι, αλλ' ὡς σοφοι. The heathens affected to be called σοφοι, or wise men. Pythagoras was perhaps the first who corrected this vanity, by assuming the title of φιλοσοφος, a lover of wisdom; hence our term philosopher, used now in a much prouder sense than that in which the great Pythagoras wished it to be applied. The apostle here takes the term σοφος, and applies it to the Christian; and, instead of it, gives the empty Gentile philosopher the title of ασοφος, without wisdom, fool.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Philo
- Gospel
- Christian
Exposition: Ephesians 5:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'See then that ye walk circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:16
Greek
ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν, ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν.exagorazomenoi ton kairon, oti ai emerai ponerai eisin.
KJV: Redeeming the time, because the days are evil.
AKJV: Redeeming the time, because the days are evil.
ASV: redeeming the time, because the days are evil.
YLT: redeeming the time, because the days are evil;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:16
Verse 16 Redeeming the time - Εξαγοραζομενοι τον καιρον· Buying up those moments which others seem to throw away; steadily improving every present moment, that ye may, in some measure, regain the time ye have lost. Let time be your chief commodity; deal in that alone; buy it all up, and use every portion of it yourselves. Time is that on which eternity depends; in time ye are to get a preparation for the kingdom of God; if you get not this in time, your ruin is inevitable; therefore, buy up the time. Some think there is an allusion here to the case of debtors, who, by giving some valuable consideration to their creditors, obtain farther time for paying their debts. And this appears to be the sense in which it is used by the Septuagint, Dan 2:8 : Επ' αληθειας οιδα εγω, ὁτι καιρον ὑμεις εξαγοραζετε· I know certainly that ye would gain or buy time - ye wish to have the time prolonged, that ye may seek out for some plausible explanation of the dream. Perhaps the apostle means in general, embrace every opportunity to glorify God, save your own souls, and do good to men. Because the days are evil - The present times are dangerous, they are full of trouble and temptations, and only the watchful and diligent have any reason to expect that they shall keep their garments unspotted.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Dan 2:8
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
Exposition: Ephesians 5:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Redeeming the time, because the days are evil.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:17
Greek
διὰ τοῦτο μὴ γίνεσθε ἄφρονες, ἀλλὰ ⸀συνίετε τί τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου·dia toyto me ginesthe aphrones, alla syniete ti to thelema toy kyrioy·
KJV: Wherefore be ye not unwise, but understanding what the will of the Lord is.
AKJV: Why be you not unwise, but understanding what the will of the Lord is.
ASV: Wherefore be ye not foolish, but understand what the will of the Lord is.
YLT: because of this become not fools, but--understanding what is the will of the Lord,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:17
Verse 17 Wherefore be ye not unwise - Μη γινεσθε αφρονες· Do not become madmen. Here is a most evident allusion to the orgies of Bacchus, in which his votaries acted like madmen; running about, tossing their heads from shoulder to shoulder, appearing to be in every sense completely frantic. See the whole of the passage in Livy, to which I have referred on Eph 5:12. But understanding what the will of the Lord is - It is the will of God that ye should be sober, chaste, holy, and pure. Get a thorough understanding of this; acquaint yourselves with God's will, that ye may know how to glorify him.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Eph 5:12
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Bacchus
- Livy
Exposition: Ephesians 5:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore be ye not unwise, but understanding what the will of the Lord is.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:18
Greek
καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία, ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν πνεύματι,kai me methyskesthe oino, en o estin asotia, alla pleroysthe en pneymati,
KJV: And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit;
AKJV: And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit;
ASV: And be not drunken with wine, wherein is riot, but be filled with the Spirit;
YLT: and be not drunk with wine, in which is dissoluteness, but be filled in the Spirit,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:18
Verse 18 Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess - This is a farther allusion to the Bacchanalian mysteries; in them his votaries got drunk, and ran into all manner of excesses. Plato, though he forbade drunkenness in general, yet allowed that the people should get drunk in the solemnities of that god who invented wine. And indeed this was their common custom; when they had offered their sacrifices they indulged themselves in drunkenness, and ran into all kinds of extravagance. Hence it is probable that μεθυω, to get drunk, is derived from μετα, after, and θυω, to sacrifice; for, having completed their sacrifices, they indulged themselves in wine. The word ασωτια, which we translate excess, means profligacy and debauchery of every kind; such as are the general concomitants of drunkenness, and especially among the votaries of Bacchus in Greece and Italy. But be filled with the Spirit - The heathen priests pretended to be filled with the influence of the god they worshipped; and it was in these circumstances that they gave out their oracles. See a remarkable instance of this quoted in the note on Luk 9:39 (note), where the case of a Bacchanalian is described. The apostle exhorts the Ephesians not to resemble these, but, instead of being filled with wine, to be filled with the Spirit of God; in consequence of which, instead of those discoveries of the Divine will to which in their drunken worship the votaries of Bacchus pretended, they should be wise indeed, and should understand what the will of the Lord is.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Plato
- Italy
Exposition: Ephesians 5:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:19
Greek
λαλοῦντες ⸀ἑαυτοῖς ψαλμοῖς καὶ ὕμνοις καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς, ᾄδοντες καὶ ⸀ψάλλοντες τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν τῷ κυρίῳ,laloyntes eaytois psalmois kai ymnois kai odais pneymatikais, adontes kai psallontes te kardia ymon to kyrio,
KJV: Speaking to yourselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord;
AKJV: Speaking to yourselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord;
ASV: speaking one to another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody with your heart to the Lord;
YLT: speaking to yourselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:19
Verse 19 Speaking to yourselves in psalms - We can scarcely say what is the exact difference between these three expressions. Psalms, ψαλμοι, may probably mean those of David. Hymns - Ὑμνοις· Extemporaneous effusions in praise of God, uttered under the influence of the Divine Spirit, or a sense of his especial goodness. See Act 16:25. Songs - Ωιδαις· Odes; premeditated and regular poetic compositions; but, in whatever form they were composed, we learn that they were all πνευματικα, spiritual - tending to magnify God and edify men. Singing and making melody in your heart - The heart always going with the lips. It is a shocking profanation of Divine worship to draw nigh to God with the lips, while the heart is far from him. It is too often the case that, in public worship, men are carried off from the sense of the words by the sounds that are put to them. And how few choirs of singers are there in the universe whose hearts ever accompany them in what they call singing the praises of God!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Act 16:25
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Psalms
- David
- Divine Spirit
- Odes
Exposition: Ephesians 5:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Speaking to yourselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:20
Greek
εὐχαριστοῦντες πάντοτε ὑπὲρ πάντων ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρί,eycharistoyntes pantote yper panton en onomati toy kyrioy emon Iesoy Christoy to theo kai patri,
KJV: Giving thanks always for all things unto God and the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ;
AKJV: Giving thanks always for all things to God and the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ;
ASV: giving thanks always for all things in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to God, even the Father;
YLT: giving thanks always for all things, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to the God and Father;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:20
Verse 20 Giving thanks always - God is continually loading you with his benefits; you deserve nothing of his kindness; therefore give him thanks for his unmerited bounties. God and the Father - That is: God, who is your Father, and the Father of mercies. See the observations on the Greek article at the end of this epistle. In the name of our Lord Jesus - He is the only mediator; and through him alone can ye approach to God; and it is for his sake only that God will hear your prayers or receive your praises.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Jesus
- Father
Exposition: Ephesians 5:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Giving thanks always for all things unto God and the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:21
Greek
ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Χριστοῦ.ypotassomenoi allelois en phobo Christoy.
KJV: Submitting yourselves one to another in the fear of God.
AKJV: Submitting yourselves one to another in the fear of God.
ASV: subjecting yourselves one to another in the fear of Christ.
YLT: subjecting yourselves to one another in the fear of God.
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:21
Verse 21 Submitting - one to another - Let no man be so tenacious of his own will or his opinion in matters indifferent, as to disturb the peace of the Church; in all such matters give way to each other, and let love rule. In the fear of God - Setting him always before your eyes, and considering that he has commanded you to love one another, and to bear each other's burdens; and that what you do in this or any other commanded case, you do as unto the Lord. Instead of εν φοβῳ Θεου, in the fear of God, εν φοβω Χριστου, in the fear of Christ, is the reading of ABDEFG, with all others of most value; besides the Syriac, Coptic, Sahidic, Ethiopic, Armenian, Vulgate, and Itala; Basil the Great, and Chrysostom. Neither reading makes any difference in the sense.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- Church
- Lord
- Christ
- Syriac
- Coptic
- Sahidic
- Ethiopic
- Armenian
- Itala
- Great
- Chrysostom
Exposition: Ephesians 5:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Submitting yourselves one to another in the fear of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:22
Greek
Αἱ γυναῖκες τοῖς ἰδίοις ⸀ἀνδράσιν ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ,Ai gynaikes tois idiois andrasin os to kyrio,
KJV: Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord.
AKJV: Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands, as to the Lord.
ASV: Wives, be in subjection unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord.
YLT: The wives! to your own husbands subject yourselves, as to the Lord,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:22
Verse 22 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands - As the Lord, viz. Christ, is the head or governor of the Church, and the head of the man, so is the man the head or governor of the woman. This is God's ordinance, and should not be transgressed. The husband should not be a tyrant, and the wife should not be the governor. Old Francis Quarles, in his homely rhymes, alluding to the superstitious notion, that the crowing of a hen bodes ill luck to the family, has said: - "Ill thrives the hapless family that shows A cock that's silent, and a hen that crows: I know not which live most unnatural lives, Obeying husbands or commanding wives." As unto the Lord - The word Church seems to be necessarily understood here; that is: Act under the authority of your husbands, as the Church acts under the authority of Christ. As the Church submits to the Lord, so let wives submit to their husbands.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Wives
- Lord
- Christ
- Church
- Old Francis Quarles
Exposition: Ephesians 5:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:23
Greek
ὅτι ἀνήρ ἐστιν κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς ὡς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ⸀αὐτὸς σωτὴρ τοῦ σώματος.oti aner estin kephale tes gynaikos os kai o Christos kephale tes ekklesias, aytos soter toy somatos.
KJV: For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body.
AKJV: For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the savior of the body.
ASV: For the husband is the head of the wife, as Christ also is the head of the church, being himself the saviour of the body.
YLT: because the husband is head of the wife, as also the Christ is head of the assembly, and he is saviour of the body,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:23Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:23
Verse 23 For the husband is the head of the wife - This is the reason which the apostle gives for his injunctions. See above. He is the Savior of the body - As Christ exercises authority over the Church so as to save and protect it, so let the husband exercise authority over his wife by protecting, comforting, and providing her with every necessary and comfort of life, according to his power.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
Exposition: Ephesians 5:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:24
Greek
ἀλλὰ ⸀ὡς ἡ ἐκκλησία ὑποτάσσεται τῷ Χριστῷ, οὕτως καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ⸀τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐν παντί.alla os e ekklesia ypotassetai to Christo, oytos kai ai gynaikes tois andrasin en panti.
KJV: Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in every thing.
AKJV: Therefore as the church is subject to Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in every thing.
ASV: But as the church is subject to Christ, so let the wives also be to their husbands in everything.
YLT: but even as the assembly is subject to Christ, so also are the wives to their own husbands in everything.
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:24
Verse 24 In every thing - That is, every lawful thing; for it is not intimated that they should obey their husbands in any thing criminal, or in any thing detrimental to the interests of their souls. The husband may be profligate, and may wish his wife to become such also; he may be an enemy to true religion, and use his authority to prevent his wife from those means of grace which she finds salutary to her soul; in none of these things should she obey him.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Ephesians 5:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in every thing.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:25
Greek
Οἱ ἄνδρες, ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς ⸀γυναῖκας, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπησεν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν καὶ ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς,Oi andres, agapate tas gynaikas, kathos kai o Christos egapesen ten ekklesian kai eayton paredoken yper aytes,
KJV: Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;
AKJV: Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;
ASV: Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself up for it;
YLT: The husbands! love your own wives, as also the Christ did love the assembly, and did give himself for it,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:25Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:25
Verse 25 Husbands, love your wives - Here is a grand rule, according to which every husband is called to act: Love your wife as Christ loved the Church. But how did Christ love the Church? He gave himself for it - he laid down his life for it. So then husbands should, if necessary, lay down their lives for their wives: and there is more implied in the words than mere protection and support; for, as Christ gave himself for the Church to save it, so husbands should, by all means in their power, labor to promote the salvation of their wives, and their constant edification in righteousness. Thus we find that the authority of the man over the woman is founded on his love to her, and this love must be such as to lead him to risk his life for her. As the care of the family devolves on the wife, and the children must owe the chief direction of their minds and formation of their manners to the mother, she has need of all the assistance and support which her husband can give her; and, if she performs her duty well, she deserves the utmost of his love and affection.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Husbands
- Church
Exposition: Ephesians 5:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:26
Greek
ἵνα αὐτὴν ἁγιάσῃ καθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν ῥήματι,ina ayten agiase katharisas to loytro toy ydatos en remati,
KJV: That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word,
AKJV: That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word,
ASV: that he might sanctify it, having cleansed it by the washing of water with the word,
YLT: that he might sanctify it, having cleansed it with the bathing of the water in the saying,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:26Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:26
Verse 26 That he might sanctify and cleanse it - The Church is represented as the spouse of Christ, as the woman is the spouse of the man; and, to prepare this Church for himself, he washes, cleanses, and sanctifies it. There is certainly an allusion here to the ancient method of purifying women, who were appointed to be consorts to kings; twelve months, it appears, were in some instances spent in this purification: Six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet odors and with other things, for the purifying of women. See the case of Esther, Est 2:12; see also Psa 45:13, Psa 45:14; Eze 16:7-14. With the washing of water - Baptism, accompanied by the purifying influences of the Holy Spirit. By the word - The doctrine of Christ crucified, through which baptism is administered, sin canceled, and the soul purified from all unrighteousness; the death of Christ giving efficacy to all.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:26
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Eze 16:7-14
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Christ
- Esther
- Baptism
- Holy Spirit
Exposition: Ephesians 5:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:27
Greek
ἵνα παραστήσῃ ⸀αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ ἔνδοξον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, μὴ ἔχουσαν σπίλον ἢ ῥυτίδα ἤ τι τῶν τοιούτων, ἀλλʼ ἵνα ᾖ ἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος.ina parastese aytos eayto endoxon ten ekklesian, me echoysan spilon e rytida e ti ton toioyton, all ina e agia kai amomos.
KJV: That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish.
AKJV: That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish.
ASV: that he might present the church to himself a glorious church, not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish.
YLT: that he might present it to himself the assembly in glory, not having spot or wrinkle, or any of such things, but that it may be holy and unblemished;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:27Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:27
Verse 27 That he might present it to himself - It was usual to bring the royal bride to the king in the most sumptuous apparel; and is there not here an allusion to Psa 45:13, Psa 45:14 : The king's daughter (Pharaoh's) is all glorious within, her clothing is of wrought gold; she shall be brought unto the king (Solomon) in raiment of needlework? This presentation here spoken of by the apostle will take place on the last day. See the note on 2Cor 11:2. A glorious Church - Every way splendid and honorable, because pure and holy. Not having spot - Σπιλος· No blemish on the face; no spots upon the garment; the heart and life both holy. Wrinkle - Ῥυτιδα· No mark of superannuation or decay. The word is commonly applied to wrinkles on the face, indicative of sickness or decrepitude. Holy and without blemish - In every sense holy, pure, and perfect. Now it was for this purpose that Christ gave himself for the Church; and for this purpose he continues the different ordinances which he has appointed; and, particularly, the preaching of the word - the doctrine of reconciliation through faith in his blood. And it is in this life that all this purification is to take place; for none shall be presented at the day of judgment to him who has not here been sanctified, cleansed, washed, made glorious, having neither spot, wrinkle, blemish, nor any such thing. How vain is the pretension of multitudes to be members of the true Church while full of spots, wrinkles, blemishes, and Many such things; fondly supposing that their holiness is in their surety, because not in themselves! Reader, lay thy hand on thy conscience and say, Dost thou believe that this is St. Paul's meaning? See the notes on Eph 3:14, etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:27
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- 2Cor 11:2
- Eph 3:14
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Church
- Reader
- St
Exposition: Ephesians 5:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:28
Greek
οὕτως ὀφείλουσιν ⸀καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες ἀγαπᾶν τὰς ἑαυτῶν γυναῖκας ὡς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα· ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα ἑαυτὸν ἀγαπᾷ,oytos opheiloysin kai oi andres agapan tas eayton gynaikas os ta eayton somata· o agapon ten eaytoy gynaika eayton agapa,
KJV: So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself.
AKJV: So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loves his wife loves himself.
ASV: Even so ought husbands also to love their own wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his own wife loveth himself:
YLT: so ought the husbands to love their own wives as their own bodies: he who is loving his own wife--himself he doth love;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:28Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:28
Verse 28 As their own bodies - For the woman is, properly speaking, a part of the man; for God made man male and female, and the woman was taken out of his side; therefore is she flesh of his flesh, and bone of his bone; and therefore, he that loveth his wife loveth himself, for they two are one flesh. The apostle, in all these verses, refers to the creation and original state of the first human pair.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:28
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Ephesians 5:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:29
Greek
οὐδεὶς γάρ ποτε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σάρκα ἐμίσησεν, ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφει καὶ θάλπει αὐτήν, καθὼς καὶ ὁ ⸀Χριστὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν,oydeis gar pote ten eaytoy sarka emisesen, alla ektrephei kai thalpei ayten, kathos kai o Christos ten ekklesian,
KJV: For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as the Lord the church:
AKJV: For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourishes and cherishes it, even as the Lord the church:
ASV: for no man ever hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as Christ also the church;
YLT: for no one ever his own flesh did hate, but doth nourish and cherish it, as also the Lord--the assembly,
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:29Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:29
Verse 29 No man ever yet hated his own flesh - And this is a natural reason why he should love his wife, and nourish and cherish her.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:29
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Ephesians 5:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as the Lord the church:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:30
Greek
ὅτι μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος ⸀αὐτοῦ.oti mele esmen toy somatos aytoy.
KJV: For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones.
AKJV: For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones.
ASV: because we are members of his body.
YLT: because members we are of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:30Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:30
Verse 30 We are members of his body - He has partaken of our nature, as we have partaken of the nature of Adam. And as he is the head of the Church and the Savior of this body; so we, being members of the Church, are members of his mystical body. That is, we are united to him by one Spirit in the closest intimacy, even similar to that which the members have with the body.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:30
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Adam
- Church
Exposition: Ephesians 5:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:31
Greek
ἀντὶ τούτου καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος ⸀τὸν ⸀πατέρα καὶ ⸀τὴν μητέρα καὶ προσκολληθήσεται ⸂τῇ γυναικὶ⸃ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν.anti toytoy kataleipsei anthropos ton patera kai ten metera kai proskollethesetai te gynaiki aytoy, kai esontai oi dyo eis sarka mian.
KJV: For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh.
AKJV: For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined to his wife, and they two shall be one flesh.
ASV: For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife; and the two shall become one flesh.
YLT: `for this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined to his wife, and they shall be--the two--for one flesh;'
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:31Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:31
Verse 31 Shall be joined unto his wife - Προσκολληθησεται· He shall be glued or cemented to her; and, as a well-glued board will sooner break in the whole wood than in the glued joint, so death alone can part the husband and wife; and nothing but death should dissolve their affection. See the notes on Gen 2:21-24 (note).
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:31
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 2:21-24
Exposition: Ephesians 5:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:32
Greek
τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο μέγα ἐστίν, ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω εἰς Χριστὸν καὶ εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν.to mysterion toyto mega estin, ego de lego eis Christon kai eis ten ekklesian.
KJV: This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church.
AKJV: This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church.
ASV: This mystery is great: but I speak in regard of Christ and of the church.
YLT: this secret is great, and I speak in regard to Christ and to the assembly;
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:32Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:32
Verse 32 This is a great mystery - Το μυστηριον τουτο μεγα εστιν· This mystery is great. Sacramentum hoc magnum est; this sacrament is great. - Vulgate. And on the evidence of this version the Church of Rome has made matrimony a sacrament, which, as they use it, is no meaning of the original. By mystery, here, we may understand a natural thing by which some spiritual matter is signified, which signification the Spirit of God alone can give. So, here, the creation and union of Adam and Eve, were intended, in the design of God, to point out the union of Christ and the Church: a union the most important that can be conceived; and therefore the apostle calls it a great mystery. See the observations at the end of this chapter, (Eph 5:33 (note)).
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:32
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Eph 5:33
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- So
- Eve
- Church
Exposition: Ephesians 5:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Ephesians 5:33
Greek
πλὴν καὶ ὑμεῖς οἱ καθʼ ἕνα ἕκαστος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν, ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἵνα φοβῆται τὸν ἄνδρα.plen kai ymeis oi kath ena ekastos ten eaytoy gynaika oytos agapato os eayton, e de gyne ina phobetai ton andra.
KJV: Nevertheless let every one of you in particular so love his wife even as himself; and the wife see that she reverence her husband.
AKJV: Nevertheless let every one of you in particular so love his wife even as himself; and the wife see that she reverence her husband.
ASV: Nevertheless do ye also severally love each one his own wife even as himself; and let the wife see that she fear her husband.
YLT: but ye also, every one in particular--let each his own wife so love as himself, and the wife--that she may reverence the husband.
Commentary WitnessEphesians 5:33Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:33
Verse 33 Nevertheless - Πλην· Moreover, or therefore, on the consideration of God's design in the institution of marriage, let every one of you love his wife as himself, because she is both naturally and by a Divine ordinance a part of himself. That she reverence her husband - Let the wife ever consider the husband as her head, and this he is, not only by nature, but also by the ordinance of God. These are very important matters, and on them the apostle lays great stress. See the following observations. There is one subject in the preceding verse on which I could not enlarge sufficiently in the notes, and which I have reserved for this place; viz. what the apostle says concerning the mystery of marriage, which certainly has a deeper meaning than what is generally apprehended. Dr. Macknight has some good observations on this part of the subject, which I shall beg leave to lay before my readers. 1. "The apostle calls the formation of Eve from Adam's body, his marriage with her; and the intimate union established between them by that marriage, a great mystery, because it contained an important emblematical meaning concerning the regeneration of believers, and their union with Christ, which hitherto had been kept secret, but which he had discovered in the 30th verse. For there, in allusion to what Adam said concerning Eve, 'This now is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh,' the apostle says, concerning Christ and believers: We are bone of his bones, and flesh of his flesh: that is, we are parts of his body, the Church. And by this application of Adam's words concerning Eve to Christ and to his Church, he intimates, First, That the formation of Eve of a rib taken out of Adam's body was a figure of the regeneration of believers by the breaking of Christ's body, mentioned Eph 5:25. Secondly, That Adam's love to Eve, on account of her being formed of his body, was a figure of Christ's love to believers because they are become his body, Eph 5:30. Thirdly, That Adam's marriage with Eve was a figure of the eternal union of Christ with believers in heaven, mentioned Eph 5:27. For he left his Father to be united to his Church. 2. "In giving this emblematical representation of these ancient facts, the apostle has not exceeded the bounds of probability. In the first age, neither the art of writing, nor any permanent method of conveying instruction, being invented, it was necessary to make such striking actions and events as could not easily be forgotten emblems of the instruction meant to be perpetuated. On this supposition, Adam, in whom the human race began, was a natural image of Christ, in whom the human race was to be restored; and his deep sleep, the opening of his side, and the formation of Eve of a rib taken out of his side, were fit emblems of Christ's death, of the opening of his side on the cross, and of the regeneration of believers by his death. The love which Adam expressed towards Eve, and his union with her by marriage, were lively images of Christ's love to believers, and of his eternal union with them in one society after their resurrection; and Eve herself, who was formed of a rib taken from Adam's side, was a natural image of believers, who are regenerated, both in their body and in their mind, by the breaking of Christ's side on the cross. Thus, the circumstances which accompanied the formation of Eve being fit emblems of the formation of the Church, we may suppose they were brought to pass to prefigure that great event; and, by prefiguring it, to show that it was decreed of God from the very beginning. 3. "The aptness, however, of these images is not the only reason for supposing that the formation of Eve, and her marriage with Adam in paradise, were emblems of the regeneration of believers by the death of Christ, and of their eternal union with him in heaven. The singular manner in which Eve was formed, and the declaration at her marriage with Adam, 'Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and cleave unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh,' strongly lead to that conclusion. Eve was not formed of the dust of the earth, as all other living things were made, (not excepting Adam himself), but of a rib taken from Adam's side while he was in a deep sleep. Now, for this diversity, what reason can be assigned, if that which the apostle hath suggested is not admitted? Farther: unless some deep instruction were couched under the formation of Eve, what occasion was there for Adam, at his marriage with her, to declare, 'This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called woman, because she was taken out of man: therefore shall a man leave,' etc.? For although the taking of Eve out of Adam might be a reason for Adam's affection towards her, it was no reason for the affection of his posterity towards their wives, who were not so formed. The reason of their love to their wives is their being creatures of the same species with themselves. This Eve might have been, though, like Adam, she had been formed of the dust of the earth. Wherefore Adam's declaration concerning Eve being taken out of his body, and concerning his love to her on that account, was intended for some purpose peculiar to himself; namely, as he was a type of Him who was to restore the human race by the breaking of his body on the cross, and who on that account loves them, and will unite them to himself for ever. Upon the whole, the formation of Eve and her marriage with Adam, and his love to and union with her because she was taken out of his side, and the declaration that, on that account, all his posterity should love their wives, and continue united to them through life, (a union which does not subsist among other animals), are events so singular, that I do not see what account can be given of them, unless, with the Apostle Paul, we suppose that, agreeably to the most ancient method of instruction, God intended these things as figurative representations of the regeneration of believers by the death of Christ, and of his eternal union with them in heaven; and that Adam and Eve were taught by God himself to consider them as such. 4. "It is no small confirmation of the apostle's emblematical interpretation of the formation and marriage of Eve, that in Scripture we find a variety of images and expressions founded on that interpretation. For example, Rom 5:14, Adam is expressly called a type of him who was to come, on which account, 1Cor 15:45, Christ is called the last Adam. Next, the catholic Church, consisting of believers of all nations, is called the body of Christ, and the members thereof are said to be members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones; in allusion to the formation of Eve, the emblem of the Church. For, as Eve was formed of a rib taken out of Adam's body during his deep sleep, so believers are regenerated both in mind and body, and formed into one great society, and united to Christ as their head and governor, by the breaking of his body on the cross. Thirdly, to this emblematical meaning of the formation of Eve, our Lord, I think, alluded when he instituted his supper. For instead of appointing one symbol only of his death, he appointed two; and, in explaining the first of them, he expressed himself in such a manner as to show that he had his eye on what happened to Adam when Eve was formed: This is my body which is broken for you - for your regeneration. Fourthly, the eternal union of the regenerated with Christ after the resurrection is called a marriage, Rev 19:7; and the new Jerusalem, that is, the inhabitants of the new Jerusalem, the society of the redeemed, is termed the bride, the Lamb's wife; and the preparing of men for that happy union, by introducing them into the Church upon earth through faith, and by sanctifying them through the word, is called, 2Cor 11:2, A fitting them for one husband, that at the resurrection they may be presented a chaste virgin to Christ; in allusion, I suppose, to the presenting of Eve to Adam, in order to her marriage with him; and to show that, in this expression, the apostle had the figurative meaning of Eve's marriage in his mind, he mentions, 2Cor 11:3, the subtlety of the devil in deceiving Eve. Finally, the union of the Jewish Church with God, as the figure of the catholic Church, consisting of the regenerated of all nations, is by God himself termed a marriage, Jer 3:14; Ezekiel 16:8-32; and God is called the husband of that people, Isa 54:5; and their union to him by the law of Moses is termed, The day of their espousals, Jer 2:2." 1. A truly Christian marriage has an excellence, holiness, and unity in it, that cannot be easily described; and let it be observed that, while it prefigures the union of Christ with his Church, it is one means of giving children to the Church, and members to the mystical body of Christ. It is an ordinance of God, and, cannot be too highly honored; endless volumes might be written on its utility to man: without marriage, by which every man is assigned his own wife, and every woman her own husband, even the multitude of spurious births which would take place would fail to keep up the population of the earth; and natural, moral, and political wretchedness would be the consequence of promiscuous, fortuitous, and transitory connections. For without that ascertainment of peculiar property which marriage gives to every man in his wife, and to every woman in her husband, the human progeny would be unnoticed, unclaimed, uneducated, and totally neglected. This would continually increase the wretchedness, and in process of time bring about the total depopulation of the world. 2. The husband is to love his wife, the wife to obey and venerate her husband; love and protection on the one hand, affectionate subjection and fidelity on the other. The husband should provide for his wife without encouraging profuseness; watch over her conduct without giving her vexation; keep her in subjection without making her a slave; love her without jealousy; oblige her without flattery; honor her without making her proud; and be hers entirely, without becoming either her footman or her slave. In short, they have equal rights and equal claims; but superior strength gives the man dominion, affection and subjection entitle the woman to love and protection. Without the woman, man is but half a human being; in union with the man, the woman finds her safety and perfection. In the above remarks there are many things solid and useful; there are others which rest more on fancy than judgment. 3. Of marriage the Church of Rome has made a sacrament, and it is one of the seven which that Church acknowledges. That it is an ordinance of God is sufficiently evident; that he has not made it a sacrament is not less so. Though the minister of religion celebrates it, yet the regulation of it, in reference to inheritance, etc., is assumed by the state. This is of great moment, as by it many evils are prevented, and many political and domestic advantages secured. If a man enter hastily into this state it is at his own risk; after he has once entered it, the seal of the legislature is imposed upon it, and with his engagements, he cannot trifle. A consideration of this has prevented many hasty and disproportionate alliances. Though they might hope to trifle with the Church, they dare not do it with the state.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:33
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Eph 5:25
- Eph 5:30
- Eph 5:27
- Rom 5:14
- 1Cor 15:45
- Rev 19:7
- 2Cor 11:2
- 2Cor 11:3
- Jer 3:14
- Ezekiel 16:8-32
- Isa 54:5
- Jer 2:2
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Moses
- Moreover
- Dr
- Christ
- Eve
- Church
- First
- Secondly
- Thirdly
- Adam
- Thus
- Now
- Farther
- Apostle Paul
- Next
- For
- Lord
- Fourthly
- Jerusalem
- Finally
Exposition: Ephesians 5:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Nevertheless let every one of you in particular so love his wife even as himself; and the wife see that she reverence her husband.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
33
Generated editorial witnesses
0
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Eph 5:1
- Eph 5:2
- Eph 5:3-7
- Eph 5:8-13
- Eph 5:14-17
- Eph 5:18
- Eph 5:19
- Eph 5:20
- Eph 5:21
- Eph 5:22-33
- Ephesians 5:1
- Lev 2:1
- Gen 8:21
- Lev 1:9
- Lev 3:16
- Ephesians 5:2
- Ephesians 5:3
- Ephesians 5:4
- Eph 5:3
- Ephesians 5:5
- Ephesians 5:6
- Ephesians 5:7
- Ephesians 5:8
- Eph 5:8
- Ephesians 5:9
- Ephesians 5:10
- Act 19:19
- Ephesians 5:11
- Ephesians 5:12
- Ephesians 5:13
- Isa 26:19
- Isa 60:1-3
- Col 3:16
- Eph 5:13
- Ephesians 5:14
- Ephesians 5:15
- Dan 2:8
- Ephesians 5:16
- Eph 5:12
- Ephesians 5:17
- Ephesians 5:18
- Act 16:25
- Ephesians 5:19
- Ephesians 5:20
- Ephesians 5:21
- Ephesians 5:22
- Ephesians 5:23
- Ephesians 5:24
- Ephesians 5:25
- Eze 16:7-14
- Ephesians 5:26
- 2Cor 11:2
- Eph 3:14
- Ephesians 5:27
- Ephesians 5:28
- Ephesians 5:29
- Ephesians 5:30
- Gen 2:21-24
- Ephesians 5:31
- Eph 5:33
- Ephesians 5:32
- Eph 5:25
- Eph 5:30
- Eph 5:27
- Rom 5:14
- 1Cor 15:45
- Rev 19:7
- 2Cor 11:3
- Jer 3:14
- Ezekiel 16:8-32
- Isa 54:5
- Jer 2:2
- Ephesians 5:33
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Jesus
- Father
- Christ
- Lord
- Church
- Maker
- Jesus Christ
- If
- Ray
- Scurrility
- Christianity
- Philo
- Athenaeus
- Aspasia
- Greece
- Ibid
- Venus
- Demosthenes
- Orat
- Neaeram
- Greeks
- Most High
- Vulgate
- Syriac
- Coptic
- Sahidic
- Ethiopic
- Armenian
- Itala
- Gospel
- Goodness
- Divine Spirit
- Italy
- Livy
- Hist
- Dr
- Arise
- Elijah
- Christian Church
- Awake
- See Rosenmuller
- Wolf
- Lord Jesus Christ
- Christian
- Septuagint
- Bacchus
- Plato
- Psalms
- David
- Odes
- Great
- Chrysostom
- Wives
- Old Francis Quarles
- Ovid
- Husbands
- Esther
- Baptism
- Holy Spirit
- Reader
- St
- Adam
- So
- Eve
- Moses
- Moreover
- First
- Secondly
- Thirdly
- Thus
- Now
- Farther
- Apostle Paul
- Next
- For
- Fourthly
- Jerusalem
- Finally
Book directory Open the 66-book reader directory Use this when you need a specific book. The passage reader above stays first.
Choose a book and open the reader.
Each card opens chapter 1 for that canonical book. The directory is here for navigation, not as the first thing a visitor has to read.
Examples: Genesis, Psalms, Gospels, prophets, Romans, Revelation.
Genesis
Rendered chapters 1–50 are mapped to the public reader path for Genesis. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Exodus
Rendered chapters 1–40 are mapped to the public reader path for Exodus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Leviticus
Rendered chapters 1–27 are mapped to the public reader path for Leviticus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Numbers
Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for Numbers. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Deuteronomy
Rendered chapters 1–34 are mapped to the public reader path for Deuteronomy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joshua
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Joshua. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Judges
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for Judges. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ruth
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Ruth. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Samuel
Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Samuel
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Kings
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Kings
Rendered chapters 1–25 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–29 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezra
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nehemiah
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Esther
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Job
Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Psalms
Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Proverbs
Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ecclesiastes
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Song of Solomon
Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Isaiah
Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jeremiah
Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Lamentations
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezekiel
Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Daniel
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hosea
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joel
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Amos
Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Obadiah
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jonah
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Micah
Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nahum
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Habakkuk
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zephaniah
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Haggai
Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zechariah
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Malachi
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Matthew
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Mark
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Luke
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
John
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Acts
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Romans
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Galatians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ephesians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philippians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Colossians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
No book matched that filter yet
Try a book name like Genesis, Psalms, Romans, or Revelation, or switch back to a broader testament filter.
What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
Return to Apologetics Bible Use Bible Insights Use Bible Data

Commentary Witness
Ephesians 5:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Ephesians 5:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness