Apologetics Bible
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Exodus (Hebrew: Shemot — "Names") narrates the redemption of Israel from Egypt, the giving of the Law at Sinai, and the construction of the Tabernacle — the three great acts that define Israel's national, covenantal, and liturgical identity.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Exodus_27
- Primary Witness Text: And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits. And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass. And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basons, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass. And thou shalt make for it a grate of network of brass; and upon the net shalt thou make four brasen rings in the four corners thereof. And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the midst of the altar. And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with brass. And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be upon the two sides of the altar, to bear it. Hollow with boards shalt thou make it: as it was shewed thee in the mount, so shall they make it. And thou shalt make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen of an hundred cubits long for one side: And the twenty pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver. And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their twenty sockets of brass; the h...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Exodus_27
- Chapter Blob Preview: And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits. And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass. And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his bas...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Exodus (Hebrew: Shemot — "Names") narrates the redemption of Israel from Egypt, the giving of the Law at Sinai, and the construction of the Tabernacle — the three great acts that define Israel's national, covenantal, and liturgical identity.
The apologetics significance is multilayered: the Passover anticipates substitutionary atonement (1 Cor 5:7); the plagues demonstrate YHWH's sovereignty over the gods of Egypt; the Sinai covenant establishes divine law as the foundation of human ethics; and the Tabernacle introduces the theology of divine presence that culminates in the Incarnation (John 1:14 — eskēnōsen, "tabernacled among us").
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Verse-by-verse study lane
Exodus 27:1
Hebrew
וְעָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת אֹרֶךְ וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת רֹחַב רָבוּעַ יִהְיֶה הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְשָׁלֹשׁ אַמּוֹת קֹמָתֽוֹ׃ve'ashiyta-'et-hamizevecha-'atzey-shitiym-chamesh-'amvot-'orekhe-vechamesh-'amvot-rochav-ravv'a-yiheyeh-hamizevecha-veshalosh-'amvot-qomatvo
KJV: And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits.
AKJV: And you shall make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits.
ASV: And thou shalt make the altar of acacia wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits.
YLT: `And thou hast made the altar of shittim wood, five cubits the length, and five cubits the breadth--the altar is square--and three cubits its height.
Exposition: Exodus 27:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:2
Hebrew
וְעָשִׂיתָ קַרְנֹתָיו עַל אַרְבַּע פִּנֹּתָיו מִמֶּנּוּ תִּהְיֶיןָ קַרְנֹתָיו וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתוֹ נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ve'ashiyta-qarenotayv-'al-'areva'-finotayv-mimenv-tiheyeyna-qarenotayv-vetzifiyta-'otvo-nechoshet
KJV: And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass.
AKJV: And you shall make the horns of it on the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and you shall overlay it with brass.
ASV: And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof; the horns thereof shall be of one piece with it: and thou shalt overlay it with brass.
YLT: And thou hast made its horns on its four corners, its horns are of the same, and thou hast overlaid it with brass.
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:2
Verse 2 Thou shalt make the horns of it - The horns might have three uses: 1. For ornament. 2. To prevent carcasses, etc., from falling off. 3. To tie the victim to, previously to its being sacrificed. So David: Bind the sacrifice with cords to the horns of the altar; Psa 118:27. Horns were much used in all ancient altars among the heathen, and some of them were entirely constructed of the horns of the beasts that had been offered in sacrifice; but such altars appear to be erected rather as trophies in honor of their gods. On the reverses of several medals we find altars represented with horns at the corners. There is a medal of Antoninus on the reverse of which is an altar, on which a fire burns, consecrated Divi Pio, where the horns appear on each of the corners. There is one of Faustina, on which the altar and its horns are very distinct, the legend Pietas Augusta. All the following have altars with horns. One of Valerian, legend Consecratio; one of Claudius Gothicus, same legend; one of Quintillus, same legend; one of Crispina, with the legend Diis Genitalibus; and several others. See Numismatica Antiq., a Musellio, under Consecratio, in the index. Callimachus, in his Hymn to Apollo, line 60 introduces him constructing an altar of the horns of the animals slain by Diana: - πηξε δε βωμον Εκ κεραων κ. τ. λ. Martial has these words: Cornibus ara frequens.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- So David
- Divi Pio
- Faustina
- Pietas Augusta
- Valerian
- Consecratio
- Claudius Gothicus
- Quintillus
- Crispina
- Diis Genitalibus
- See Numismatica Antiq
- Musellio
- Callimachus
- Apollo
- Diana
Exposition: Exodus 27:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:3
Hebrew
וְעָשִׂיתָ סִּֽירֹתָיו לְדַשְּׁנוֹ וְיָעָיו וּמִזְרְקֹתָיו וּמִזְלְגֹתָיו וּמַחְתֹּתָיו לְכָל־כֵּלָיו תַּעֲשֶׂה נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ve'ashiyta-siyrotayv-ledashenvo-veya'ayv-vmizereqotayv-vmizelegotayv-vmachetotayv-lekhal-khelayv-ta'asheh-nechoshet
KJV: And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basons, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass.
AKJV: And you shall make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basins, and his meat hooks, and his fire pans: all the vessels thereof you shall make of brass.
ASV: And thou shalt make its pots to take away its ashes, and its shovels, and its basins, and its flesh-hooks, and its firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass.
YLT: And thou hast made its pots to remove its ashes, and its shovels, and its bowls, and its forks, and its fire-pans, even all its vessels thou dost make of brass.
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:3
Verse 3 Thou shalt make his pans - סירתיו sirothaiv, a sort or large brazen dishes, which stood under the altar to receive the ashes that fell through the grating. His shovels - יעיו yaaiv. Some render this besoms; but as these were brazen instruments, it is more natural to suppose that some kind of fire-shovels are intended, or scuttles, which were used to carry off the ashes that fell through the grating into the large pan or siroth. His basins - מזרקתיו mizrekothaiv, from זרק zarak, to sprinkle or disperse; bowls or basins to receive the blood of the sacrifices, in order that it might be sprinkled on the people before the altar, etc. His flesh-hooks - מזלגתיו mizlegothaiu. That this word is rightly translated flesh-hooks is fully evident from 1Sam 2:13, where the same word is used in such a connection as demonstrates its meaning: And the priest's custom with the people was, that when any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the flesh was in the seething, with a Flesh-Hook (מזלג mazleg) of three teeth (prongs) in his hand, and he struck it into the pan, etc.; all that the Flesh-Hook (מזלג mazleg) brought up, the priest took for himself. It was probably a kind of trident, or fork with three prongs, and these bent to a right angle at the middle, as the ideal meaning of the Hebrew seems to imply crookedness or curvature in general. His fire-pans - מחתתיו machtothaiu. Bishop Patrick and others suppose that "this was a larger sort of vessel, wherein, probably, the sacred fire which came down from heaven (Lev 9:24) was kept burning, whilst they cleansed the altar and the grate from the coals and the ashes; and while the altar was carried from one place to another, as it often was in the wilderness.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- 1Sam 2:13
- Lev 9:24
Exposition: Exodus 27:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basons, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:4
Hebrew
וְעָשִׂיתָ לּוֹ מִכְבָּר מַעֲשֵׂה רֶשֶׁת נְחֹשֶׁת וְעָשִׂיתָ עַל־הָרֶשֶׁת אַרְבַּע טַבְּעֹת נְחֹשֶׁת עַל אַרְבַּע קְצוֹתָֽיו׃ve'ashiyta-lvo-mikhevar-ma'asheh-reshet-nechoshet-ve'ashiyta-'al-hareshet-'areva'-tave'ot-nechoshet-'al-'areva'-qetzvotayv
KJV: And thou shalt make for it a grate of network of brass; and upon the net shalt thou make four brasen rings in the four corners thereof.
AKJV: And you shall make for it a grate of network of brass; and on the net shall you make four brazen rings in the four corners thereof.
ASV: And thou shalt make for it a grating of network of brass: and upon the net shalt thou make four brazen rings in the four corners thereof.
YLT: `And thou hast made for it a grate of net-work of brass, and hast made on the net four rings of brass on its four extremities,
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:4
Verse 4 Thou shalt make for it a grate - Calmet supposes this altar to have been a sort of box, covered with brass plates, on the top of which was a grating to supply the fire with air, and permit the ashes to fall through into the siroth or pan that was placed below. At the four corners of the grating were four rings and four chains, by which it was attached to the four horns; and at the sides were rings for the poles of shittim wood with which it was carried. Even on this there is a great variety of opinions.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Exodus 27:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt make for it a grate of network of brass; and upon the net shalt thou make four brasen rings in the four corners thereof.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:5
Hebrew
וְנָתַתָּה אֹתָהּ תַּחַת כַּרְכֹּבּ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִלְּמָטָּה וְהָיְתָה הָרֶשֶׁת עַד חֲצִי הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃venatatah-'otah-tachat-kharekhov-hamizevecha-milematah-vehayetah-hareshet-'ad-chatziy-hamizevecha
KJV: And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the midst of the altar.
AKJV: And you shall put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the middle of the altar.
ASV: And thou shalt put it under the ledge round the altar beneath, that the net may reach halfway up the altar.
YLT: and hast put it under the compass of the altar beneath, and the net hath been unto the middle of the altar.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:5Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:5
Exodus 27:5 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the midst of the altar.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:5
Exposition: Exodus 27:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the midst of the altar.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:6
Hebrew
וְעָשִׂיתָ בַדִּים לַמִּזְבֵּחַ בַּדֵּי עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ve'ashiyta-vadiym-lamizevecha-vadey-'atzey-shitiym-vetzifiyta-'otam-nechoshet
KJV: And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with brass.
AKJV: And you shall make staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with brass.
ASV: And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of acacia wood, and overlay them with brass.
YLT: `And thou hast made staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, and hast overlaid them with brass.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:6Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:6
Exodus 27:6 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with brass.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:6
Exposition: Exodus 27:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with brass.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:7
Hebrew
וְהוּבָא אֶת־בַּדָּיו בַּטַּבָּעֹת וְהָיוּ הַבַּדִּים עַל־שְׁתֵּי צַלְעֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ בִּשְׂאֵת אֹתֽוֹ׃vehvva'-'et-vadayv-vatava'ot-vehayv-havadiym-'al-shetey-tzale'ot-hamizevecha-vishe'et-'otvo
KJV: And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be upon the two sides of the altar, to bear it.
AKJV: And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be on the two sides of the altar, to bear it.
ASV: And the staves thereof shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be upon the two sides of the altar, in bearing it.
YLT: And the staves have been brought into the rings, and the staves have been on the two sides of the altar in bearing it.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:7Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:7
Exodus 27:7 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be upon the two sides of the altar, to bear it.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:7
Exposition: Exodus 27:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be upon the two sides of the altar, to bear it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:8
Hebrew
נְבוּב לֻחֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה אֹתוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר הֶרְאָה אֹתְךָ בָּהָר כֵּן יַעֲשֽׂוּ׃nevvv-luchot-ta'asheh-'otvo-kha'asher-here'ah-'otekha-vahar-khen-ya'ashv
KJV: Hollow with boards shalt thou make it: as it was shewed thee in the mount, so shall they make it.
AKJV: Hollow with boards shall you make it: as it was showed you in the mount, so shall they make it. ¶
ASV: Hollow with planks shalt thou make it: as it hath been showed thee in the mount, so shall they make it.
YLT: Hollow with boards thou dost make it, as it hath been shewed thee in the mount, so do they make it .
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:8
Verse 8 Hollow with boards - It seems to have been a kind of frame-work, and to have had nothing solid in the inside, and only covered with the grating at the top. This rendered it more light and portable.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Exodus 27:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hollow with boards shalt thou make it: as it was shewed thee in the mount, so shall they make it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:9
Hebrew
וְעָשִׂיתָ אֵת חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן לִפְאַת נֶֽגֶב־תֵּימָנָה קְלָעִים לֶחָצֵר שֵׁשׁ מָשְׁזָר מֵאָה בָֽאַמָּה אֹרֶךְ לַפֵּאָה הָאֶחָֽת׃ve'ashiyta-'et-chatzar-hamishekhan-life'at-negev-teymanah-qela'iym-lechatzer-shesh-mashezar-me'ah-va'amah-'orekhe-lafe'ah-ha'echat
KJV: And thou shalt make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen of an hundred cubits long for one side:
AKJV: And you shall make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen of an hundred cubits long for one side:
ASV: And thou shalt make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen a hundred cubits long for one side:
YLT: `And thou hast made the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward, hangings for the court of twined linen, a hundred by the cubit is the length for the one side,
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:9
Verse 9 The court of the tabernacle - The tabernacle stood in an enclosure or court, open at the top. This court was made with pillars or posts, and hangings. It was one hundred cubits, or about fifty-eight yards and a half, in length; the breadth we learn from Exo 27:12, Exo 27:18; and five cubits, or nearly three yards, high, Exo 27:18. And as this was but half the height of the tabernacle, Exo 26:16, that sacred building might easily be seen by the people from without.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Exodus 27:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen of an hundred cubits long for one side:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:10
Hebrew
וְעַמֻּדָיו עֶשְׂרִים וְאַדְנֵיהֶם עֶשְׂרִים נְחֹשֶׁת וָוֵי הָעַמֻּדִים וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶם כָּֽסֶף׃ve'amudayv-'esheriym-ve'adeneyhem-'esheriym-nechoshet-vavey-ha'amudiym-vachashuqeyhem-khasef
KJV: And the twenty pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.
AKJV: And the twenty pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.
ASV: and the pillars thereof shall be twenty, and their sockets twenty, of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.
YLT: and its twenty pillars and their twenty sockets are of brass, the pegs of the pillars and their fillets are of silver;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:10Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:10
Exodus 27:10 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the twenty pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:10
Exposition: Exodus 27:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the twenty pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:11
Hebrew
וְכֵן לִפְאַת צָפוֹן בָּאֹרֶךְ קְלָעִים מֵאָה אֹרֶךְ ועמדו וְעַמּוּדָיו עֶשְׂרִים וְאַדְנֵיהֶם עֶשְׂרִים נְחֹשֶׁת וָוֵי הָֽעַמֻּדִים וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶם כָּֽסֶף׃vekhen-life'at-tzafvon-va'orekhe-qela'iym-me'ah-'orekhe-v'mdv-ve'amvdayv-'esheriym-ve'adeneyhem-'esheriym-nechoshet-vavey-ha'amudiym-vachashuqeyhem-khasef
KJV: And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their twenty sockets of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver.
AKJV: And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their twenty sockets of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver. ¶
ASV: And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings a hundred cubits long, and the pillars thereof twenty, and their sockets twenty, of brass; the hooks of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver.
YLT: and so for the north side in length, hangings of a hundred cubits in length, and its twenty pillars and their twenty sockets are of brass, the pegs of the pillars and their fillets are of silver.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:11Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:11
Exodus 27:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their twenty sockets of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:11
Exposition: Exodus 27:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their twenty sockets of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:12
Hebrew
וְרֹחַב הֶֽחָצֵר לִפְאַת־יָם קְלָעִים חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה עַמֻּדֵיהֶם עֲשָׂרָה וְאַדְנֵיהֶם עֲשָׂרָֽה׃verochav-hechatzer-life'at-yam-qela'iym-chamishiym-'amah-'amudeyhem-'asharah-ve'adeneyhem-'asharah
KJV: And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits: their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.
AKJV: And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits: their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.
ASV: And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits; their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.
YLT: `And for the breadth of the court at the west side are hangings of fifty cubits, their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:12Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:12
Exodus 27:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits: their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:12
Exposition: Exodus 27:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits: their pillars ten, and their sockets ten.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:13
Hebrew
וְרֹחַב הֶֽחָצֵר לִפְאַת קֵדְמָה מִזְרָחָה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּֽה׃verochav-hechatzer-life'at-qedemah-mizerachah-chamishiym-'amah
KJV: And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.
AKJV: And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.
ASV: And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.
YLT: And for the breadth of the court at the east side, eastward, are fifty cubits.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:13Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:13
Exodus 27:13 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:13
Exposition: Exodus 27:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:14
Hebrew
וַחֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה קְלָעִים לַכָּתֵף עַמֻּדֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָׁה וְאַדְנֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃vachamesh-'eshereh-'amah-qela'iym-lakhatef-'amudeyhem-sheloshah-ve'adeneyhem-sheloshah
KJV: The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.
AKJV: The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.
ASV: The hangings for the one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.
YLT: And the hangings at the side are fifteen cubits, their pillars three, and their sockets three.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:14
Exodus 27:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:14
Exposition: Exodus 27:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:15
Hebrew
וְלַכָּתֵף הַשֵּׁנִית חְמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה קְלָעִים עַמֻּדֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָׁה וְאַדְנֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃velakhatef-hasheniyt-chemesh-'eshereh-qela'iym-'amudeyhem-sheloshah-ve'adeneyhem-sheloshah
KJV: And on the other side shall be hangings fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.
AKJV: And on the other side shall be hangings fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three. ¶
ASV: And for the other side shall be hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three.
YLT: And at the second side are hangings fifteen cubits , their pillars three, and their sockets three.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:15Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:15
Exodus 27:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And on the other side shall be hangings fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:15
Exposition: Exodus 27:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And on the other side shall be hangings fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:16
Hebrew
וּלְשַׁעַר הֶֽחָצֵר מָסָךְ ׀ עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן וְתוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי וְשֵׁשׁ מָשְׁזָר מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵם עַמֻּֽדֵיהֶם אַרְבָּעָה וְאַדְנֵיהֶם אַרְבָּעָֽה׃vlesha'ar-hechatzer-masakhe- -'esheriym-'amah-tekhelet-ve'aregaman-vetvola'at-shaniy-veshesh-mashezar-ma'asheh-roqem-'amudeyhem-'areva'ah-ve'adeneyhem-'areva'ah
KJV: And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their sockets four.
AKJV: And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, worked with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their sockets four.
ASV: And for the gate of the court shall be a screen of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, the work of the embroiderer; their pillars four, and their sockets four.
YLT: `And for the gate of the court a covering of twenty cubits, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen, work of an embroiderer; their pillars four, their sockets four.
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:16
Verse 16 And for the gate of the court - It appears that the hangings of this gate were of the same materials and workmanship with that of the inner covering of the tabernacle, and the outer and inner veil. See Exo 26:36.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Exodus 27:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their sockets four.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:17
Hebrew
כָּל־עַמּוּדֵי הֶֽחָצֵר סָבִיב מְחֻשָּׁקִים כֶּסֶף וָוֵיהֶם כָּסֶף וְאַדְנֵיהֶם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃khal-'amvdey-hechatzer-saviyv-mechushaqiym-khesef-vaveyhem-khasef-ve'adeneyhem-nechoshet
KJV: All the pillars round about the court shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall be of silver, and their sockets of brass.
AKJV: All the pillars round about the court shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall be of silver, and their sockets of brass. ¶
ASV: All the pillars of the court round about shall be filleted with silver; their hooks of silver, and their sockets of brass.
YLT: All the pillars of the court round about are filleted with silver, their pegs are silver, and their sockets brass.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:17Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:17
Exodus 27:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'All the pillars round about the court shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall be of silver, and their sockets of brass.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:17
Exposition: Exodus 27:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'All the pillars round about the court shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall be of silver, and their sockets of brass.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:18
Hebrew
אֹרֶךְ הֶֽחָצֵר מֵאָה בָֽאַמָּה וְרֹחַב ׀ חֲמִשִּׁים בַּחֲמִשִּׁים וְקֹמָה חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת שֵׁשׁ מָשְׁזָר וְאַדְנֵיהֶם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃'orekhe-hechatzer-me'ah-va'amah-verochav- -chamishiym-vachamishiym-veqomah-chamesh-'amvot-shesh-mashezar-ve'adeneyhem-nechoshet
KJV: The length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.
AKJV: The length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.
ASV: The length of the court shall be a hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits, of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.
YLT: `The length of the court is a hundred by the cubit, and the breadth fifty by fifty, and the height five cubits, of twined linen, and their sockets are brass,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Exodus 27:18Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Exodus 27:18
Exodus 27:18 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 27:18
Exposition: Exodus 27:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:19
Hebrew
לְכֹל כְּלֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן בְּכֹל עֲבֹדָתוֹ וְכָל־יְתֵדֹתָיו וְכָל־יִתְדֹת הֶחָצֵר נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃lekhol-kheley-hamishekhan-vekhol-'avodatvo-vekhal-yetedotayv-vekhal-yitedot-hechatzer-nechoshet
KJV: All the vessels of the tabernacle in all the service thereof, and all the pins thereof, and all the pins of the court, shall be of brass.
AKJV: All the vessels of the tabernacle in all the service thereof, and all the pins thereof, and all the pins of the court, shall be of brass. ¶
ASV: All the instruments of the tabernacle in all the service thereof, and all the pins thereof, and all the pins of the court, shall be of brass.
YLT: even all the vessels of the tabernacle, in all its service, and all its pins, and all the pins of the court, are brass.
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:19
Verse 19 All the vessels - shall be of brass - It would have been improper to have used instruments made of the more precious metals about this altar, as they must have been soon worn out by the severity of the service.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Exodus 27:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'All the vessels of the tabernacle in all the service thereof, and all the pins thereof, and all the pins of the court, shall be of brass.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:20
Hebrew
וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה ׀ אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִקְחוּ אֵלֶיךָ שֶׁמֶן זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית לַמָּאוֹר לְהַעֲלֹת נֵר תָּמִֽיד׃ve'atah-tetzaveh- -'et-veney-yishera'el-veyiqechv-'eleykha-shemen-zayit-zakhe-khatiyt-lama'vor-leha'alot-ner-tamiyd
KJV: And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn always.
AKJV: And you shall command the children of Israel, that they bring you pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn always.
ASV: And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee pure olive oil beaten for the light, to cause a lamp to burn continually.
YLT: `And thou--thou dost command the sons of Israel, and they bring unto thee pure beaten olive oil for the light, to cause the lamp to go up continually;
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:20
Verse 20 Pure oil olive beaten - That is, such oil as could easily be expressed from the olives after they had been bruised in a mortar; the mother drop, as it is called, which drops out of itself as soon as the olives are a little broken, and which is much purer than that which is obtained after the olives are put under the press. Columella, who is a legitimate evidence in all such matters, says that the oil which flowed out of the fruit either spontaneously, or with little application of the force of the press, was of a much finer flavour than that which was obtained otherwise. Quoniam longe melioris saporis est, quod minore vi preli, quasi luxurians, defluxerit - Colum., lib. xii., c. 50. To cause the lamp to burn always - They were to be kept burning through the whole of the night, and some think all the day besides; but there is a difference of sentiment upon this subject. See the note on Exo 27:21. This oil and continual flame were not only emblematical of the unction and influences of the Holy Ghost, but also of that pure spirit of devotion which ever animates the hearts and minds of the genuine worshippers of the true God. The temple of Vesta, where a fire was kept perpetually burning, seems to have been formed on the model of the tabernacle; and from this the followers of Zeratusht, commonly called Zoroaster, appear to have derived their doctrine of the perpetual fire, which they still worship as an emblem of the Deity.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Columella
- Colum
- Holy Ghost
- Vesta
- Zeratusht
- Zoroaster
- Deity
Exposition: Exodus 27:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn always.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Exodus 27:21
Hebrew
בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד מִחוּץ לַפָּרֹכֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל־הָעֵדֻת יַעֲרֹךְ אֹתוֹ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו מֵעֶרֶב עַד־בֹּקֶר לִפְנֵי יְהוָה חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתָם מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ve'ohel-mvo'ed-michvtz-lafarokhet-'asher-'al-ha'edut-ya'arokhe-'otvo-'aharon-vvanayv-me'erev-'ad-voqer-lifeney-yehvah-chuqat-'volam-ledorotam-me'et-veney-yishera'el
KJV: In the tabernacle of the congregation without the vail, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to morning before the LORD: it shall be a statute for ever unto their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.
AKJV: In the tabernacle of the congregation without the veil, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to morning before the LORD: it shall be a statute for ever to their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.
ASV: In the tent of meeting, without the veil which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall keep it in order from evening to morning before Jehovah: it shall be a statute for ever throughout their generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.
YLT: in the tent of meeting, at the outside of the vail, which is over the testimony, doth Aaron--his sons also--arrange it from evening till morning before Jehovah--a statute age-during to their generations, from the sons of Israel.
Commentary WitnessExodus 27:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:21
Verse 21 The tabernacle of the congregation - The place where all the assembly of the people were to worship, where the God of that assembly was pleased to reside, and to which, as the habitation of their king and protector, they were ever to turn their faces in all their adorations. Before the testimony - That is, the ark where the tables of the covenant were deposited. See Exo 25:16. Aaron and his sons - These and their descendants being the only legitimate priests, God having established the priesthood in this family. Shall order it from evening to morning - Josephus says the whole of the seven lamps burned all the night; in the morning four were extinguished, and three kept burning through the whole day. Others assert that the whole seven were kept lighted both day and night continually; but it appears sufficiently evident, from 1Sam 3:3, that these lamps were extinguished in the morning: And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the Lord, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep, etc. See also Exo 30:8 : And when Aaron Lighteth The Lamps At Even. It appears therefore that the business of the priests was to light the lamps in the evening; and either to extinguish them in the morning, or permit them to burn out, having put in the night before as much oil as was necessary to last till daylight. A statute for ever - This ordering of the lamps night and morning, and attendance on the service of the tabernacle, was a statute that was to be in full force while the tabernacle and temple stood, and should have its spiritual accomplishment in the Christian Church to the end of time. Reader, the tabernacle and temple are both destroyed; the Church of Christ is established in their place. The seven golden candlesticks were typical of this Church and the glorious light it possesses, Rev 1:12-20; and Jesus Christ, the Fountain and Dispenser of this true light, walks in the midst of them. Reader, hast thou that celestial flame to enlighten and animate thy heart in all those acts of devotion which thou professest to pay to him as thy Maker, Redeemer, and Preserver? What is thy profession, and what thy religious acts and services, without this? A sounding brass, a tinkling cymbal. Tertullian asserts that all the ancient heathens borrowed their best notions from the sacred writings: "Which," says he, "of your poets, which of your sophists, have not drunk from the fountain of the prophets? It is from those sacred springs that your philosophers have refreshed their thirsty spirits; and if they found any thing in the Holy Scriptures which hit their fancy, or which served their hypothesis, they took and turned it to a compliance with their own curiosity, not considering those writings to be sacred and unalterable, nor understanding their true sense, every one altering them according to his own fancy." - Apologet. The reader's attention has already been called to this point several times in the preceding parts of this work, and the subject will frequently recur. At the conclusion of Exo 25:31 (See Clarke's note at Exo 25:31) we had occasion to observe that the heathens had imitated many things in that Divine worship prescribed by Moses; but in application to their own corrupt system every thing was in a certain measure falsified and distorted, yet not so far as to prevent the grand outlines of primitive truth from being discerned. One of the most complete imitations of the tabernacle and its whole service is found in the very ancient temple of Hercules, founded probably by the Phoenicians, at Gades, now Cadiz, in Spain, so minutely described by Silius Italicus from actual observation. He observes that though the temple was at that time very ancient, yet the beams were the same that had been placed there by the founders, and that they were generally supposed to be incorruptible; a quality ascribed to the shittim wood, termed ξυλον ασηπτον, incorruptible wood, by the Septuagint. That women were not permitted to enter this temple, and that no swine were ever suffered to come near it. That the priests did not wear party-coloured vestments, but were always clothed in fine linen, and their bonnets made of the same. That they offered incense to their god, their clothes being ungirded; for the same reason doubtless given Exo 20:26, that in going up to the altar nothing unseemly might appear, and therefore they permitted their long robes to fall down to their feet. He adds, that by the laws of their forefathers they bore on their sacerdotal vestments the latus clavus, which was a round knob or stud of purple with which the robes of the Roman knights and senators were adorned, which these priests seem to have copied from the breastplate of judgment made of cunning work, embroidered with purple, blue, etc. See Exo 28:15. They also ministered barefooted, their hair was trimmed or cut off, and they observed the strictest continency, and kept a perpetual fire burning on their altars. And he farther adds that there was no image or similitude of the gods to be seen in that sacred place. This is the substance of his description; but as some of my readers may wish to see the original, I shall here subjoin it. Vulgatum (nec cassa fides) ab origine fani Impositas durare trabes, solasque per aevum Condentum novisse manus: hic credere gaudent Consedisse Deum, seniumque repellere templis. Tum, queis fas et honos adyti penetralia nosse, Foemineos prohibent gressus, ac limine curant Setigeros arcere sues: nec discolor ulli Ante aras cultus: velantur corpora lino, Et Pelusiaco praefulget stamine vertex. Discinctis mos thura dare, atque, e lege parenturn Sacrificam Lato vestem distinguere Clavo. Pes nudus, tousaeque comae, castumque cubile, Irrestincta focis servant altaria flammae. Sed nulla effigies, simulacrave nota Deorum Majestate locum, et sacro implevere timore. Punicor., lib. iii., ver. 17-31. This is such a remarkable case that I think myself justified in quoting it at length, as an extraordinary monument, though corrupted, of the tabernacle and its service. It is probable that the original founders had consecrated this temple to the true God, under the name of אל EL, the strong God, or אל גבור El Gibbor, the strong, prevailing, and victorious God, Isa 9:6, out of whom the Greeks and Romans made their Hercules, or god of strength; and, to make it agree with this appropriation, the labors of Hercules were sculptured on the doors of this temple at Gades. In foribus labor Alcidae Lernaea recisis Anguibus Hydra jacet, etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- 1Sam 3:3
- Rev 1:12-20
- Isa 9:6
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Josephus
- Philo
- Septuagint
- Clarke
- Moses
- Jesus
- Lord
- Lamps At Even
- Reader
- Jesus Christ
- Maker
- Redeemer
- Which
- Apologet
- Hercules
- Phoenicians
- Gades
- Cadiz
- Spain
- Consedisse Deum
- Tum
- Clavo
- Punicor
- El Gibbor
Exposition: Exodus 27:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'In the tabernacle of the congregation without the vail, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to morning before the LORD: it shall be a statute for ever unto their generations o...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
10
Generated editorial witnesses
11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Gen 8:20
- Exodus 27:1
- Exodus 27:2
- 1Sam 2:13
- Lev 9:24
- Exodus 27:3
- Exodus 27:4
- Exodus 27:5
- Exodus 27:6
- Exodus 27:7
- Exodus 27:8
- Exodus 27:9
- Exodus 27:10
- Exodus 27:11
- Exodus 27:12
- Exodus 27:13
- Exodus 27:14
- Exodus 27:15
- Exodus 27:16
- Exodus 27:17
- Exodus 27:18
- Exodus 27:19
- Exodus 27:20
- 1Sam 3:3
- Rev 1:12-20
- Isa 9:6
- Exodus 27:21
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Ovid
- Septuagint
- Clarke
- So David
- Divi Pio
- Faustina
- Pietas Augusta
- Valerian
- Consecratio
- Claudius Gothicus
- Quintillus
- Crispina
- Diis Genitalibus
- See Numismatica Antiq
- Musellio
- Callimachus
- Apollo
- Diana
- Columella
- Colum
- Holy Ghost
- Vesta
- Zeratusht
- Zoroaster
- Deity
- Josephus
- Philo
- Moses
- Jesus
- Lord
- Lamps At Even
- Reader
- Jesus Christ
- Maker
- Redeemer
- Which
- Apologet
- Hercules
- Phoenicians
- Gades
- Cadiz
- Spain
- Consedisse Deum
- Tum
- Clavo
- Punicor
- El Gibbor
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Commentary Witness
Exodus 27:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Exodus 27:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness