Apologetics Bible

Ezekiel 31:1

Hebrew

וַיְהִי בְּאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הָיָה דְבַר־יְהוָה אֵלַי לֵאמֹֽר׃

vayehiy-ve'achat-'eshereh-shanah-vasheliyshiy-ve'echad-lachodesh-hayah-devar-yehvah-'elay-le'mor

KJV: And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,

AKJV: And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came to me, saying,

ASV: And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the thirdmonth, in the firstdayof the month, that the word of Jehovah came unto me, saying,

YLT: And it cometh to pass, in the eleventh year, in the third month , in the first of the month, hath a word of Jehovah been unto me, saying:

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:2

Hebrew

בֶּן־אָדָם אֱמֹר אֶל־פַּרְעֹה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם וְאֶל־הֲמוֹנוֹ אֶל־מִי דָּמִיתָ בְגָדְלֶֽךָ׃

ven-'adam-'emor-'el-fare'oh-melekhe-mitzerayim-ve'el-hamvonvo-'el-miy-damiyta-vegadelekha

KJV: Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom art thou like in thy greatness?

AKJV: Son of man, speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom are you like in your greatness? ¶

ASV: Son of man, say unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude: Whom art thou like in thy greatness?

YLT: `Son of man, say unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and unto his multitude: To whom hast thou been like in thy greatness?

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom art thou like in thy greatness?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:3

Hebrew

הִנֵּה אַשּׁוּר אֶרֶז בַּלְּבָנוֹן יְפֵה עָנָף וְחֹרֶשׁ מֵצַל וּגְבַהּ קוֹמָה וּבֵין עֲבֹתִים הָיְתָה צַמַּרְתּֽוֹ׃

hineh-'ashvr-'erez-valevanvon-yefeh-'anaf-vechoresh-metzal-vgevah-qvomah-vveyn-'avotiym-hayetah-tzamaretvo

KJV: Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.

AKJV: Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.

ASV: Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a forest-like shade, and of high stature; and its top was among the thick boughs.

YLT: Lo, Asshur, a cedar in Lebanon, Fair in branch, and shading bough, and high in stature, And between thickets hath its foliage been.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:4

Hebrew

מַיִם גִּדְּלוּהוּ תְּהוֹם רֹֽמְמָתְהוּ אֶת־נַהֲרֹתֶיהָ הֹלֵךְ סְבִיבוֹת מַטָּעָהּ וְאֶת־תְּעָלֹתֶיהָ שִׁלְחָה אֶל כָּל־עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃

mayim-gidelvhv-tehvom-romematehv-'et-naharoteyha-holekhe-seviyvvot-mata'ah-ve'et-te'aloteyha-shilechah-'el-khal-'atzey-hashadeh

KJV: The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field.

AKJV: The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent her little rivers to all the trees of the field.

ASV: The waters nourished it, the deep made it to grow: the rivers thereof ran round about its plantation; and it sent out its channels unto all the trees of the field.

YLT: Waters have made it great, The deep hath exalted him with its flowings, Going round about its planting, And its conduits it hath sent forth unto all trees of the field.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:5

Hebrew

עַל־כֵּן גָּבְהָא קֹמָתוֹ מִכֹּל עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה וַתִּרְבֶּינָה סַֽרְעַפֹּתָיו וַתֶּאֱרַכְנָה פארתו פֹארֹתָיו מִמַּיִם רַבִּים בְּשַׁלְּחֽוֹ׃

'al-khen-gaveha'-qomatvo-mikhol-'atzey-hashadeh-vatireveynah-sare'afotayv-vate'erakhenah-f'rtv-fo'rotayv-mimayim-raviym-veshalechvo

KJV: Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth.

AKJV: Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth.

ASV: Therefore its stature was exalted above all the trees of the field; and its boughs were multiplied, and its branches became long by reason of many waters, when it shot them forth.

YLT: Therefore higher hath been his stature than all trees of the field, And multiplied are his boughs, and long are his branches, Because of many waters in his shooting forth,

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:6

Hebrew

בִּסְעַפֹּתָיו קִֽנְנוּ כָּל־עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וְתַחַת פֹּֽארֹתָיו יָֽלְדוּ כֹּל חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה וּבְצִלּוֹ יֵֽשְׁבוּ כֹּל גּוֹיִם רַבִּֽים׃

vise'afotayv-qinenv-khal-'vof-hashamayim-vetachat-fo'rotayv-yaledv-khol-chayat-hashadeh-vvetzilvo-yeshevv-khol-gvoyim-raviym

KJV: All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations.

AKJV: All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelled all great nations.

ASV: All the birds of the heavens made their nests in its boughs; and under its branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young; and under its shadow dwelt all great nations.

YLT: In his boughs made a nest hath every fowl of the heavens, And under his branches brought forth hath every beast of the field, And in his shade dwell do all great nations.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:7

Hebrew

וַיְּיִף בְּגָדְלוֹ בְּאֹרֶךְ דָּֽלִיּוֹתָיו כִּֽי־הָיָה שָׁרְשׁוֹ אֶל־מַיִם רַבִּֽים׃

vayeyif-vegadelvo-ve'orekhe-daliyvotayv-khiy-hayah-shareshvo-'el-mayim-raviym

KJV: Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.

AKJV: Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.

ASV: Thus was it fair in its greatness, in the length of its branches; for its root was by many waters.

YLT: And he is fair in his greatness, In the length of his thin shoots, For his root hath been by great waters.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:8

Hebrew

אֲרָזִים לֹֽא־עֲמָמֻהוּ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִים בְּרוֹשִׁים לֹא דָמוּ אֶל־סְעַפֹּתָיו וְעַרְמֹנִים לֹֽא־הָיוּ כְּפֹֽארֹתָיו כָּל־עֵץ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִים לֹא־דָמָה אֵלָיו בְּיָפְיֽוֹ׃

'araziym-lo'-'amamuhv-vegan-'elohiym-vervoshiym-lo'-damv-'el-se'afotayv-ve'aremoniym-lo'-hayv-khefo'rotayv-khal-'etz-vegan-'elohiym-lo'-damah-'elayv-veyafeyvo

KJV: The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chesnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.

AKJV: The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like to him in his beauty.

ASV: The cedars in the garden of God could not hide it; the fir-trees were not like its boughs, and the plane-trees were not as its branches; nor was any tree in the garden of God like unto it in its beauty.

YLT: Cedars have not hid him in the garden of God, Firs have not been like unto his boughs, And chesnut-trees have not been as his branches, No tree in the garden of God hath been like unto him in his beauty,

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chesnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:9

Hebrew

יָפֶה עֲשִׂיתִיו בְּרֹב דָּֽלִיּוֹתָיו וַיְקַנְאֻהוּ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵדֶן אֲשֶׁר בְּגַן הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃

yafeh-'ashiytiyv-verov-daliyvotayv-vayeqane'uhv-khal-'atzey-'eden-'asher-vegan-ha'elohiym

KJV: I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him.

AKJV: I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him. ¶

ASV: I made it fair by the multitude of its branches, so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied it.

YLT: Fair I have made him in the multitude of his thin shoots, And envy him do all trees of Eden that are in the garden of God.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:10

Hebrew

לָכֵן כֹּה אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה יַעַן אֲשֶׁר גָּבַהְתָּ בְּקוֹמָה וַיִּתֵּן צַמַּרְתּוֹ אֶל־בֵּין עֲבוֹתִים וְרָם לְבָבוֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ׃

lakhen-khoh-'amar-'adonay-yehvih-ya'an-'asher-gavaheta-veqvomah-vayiten-tzamaretvo-'el-veyn-'avvotiym-veram-levavvo-vegavehvo

KJV: Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;

AKJV: Therefore thus says the Lord GOD; Because you have lifted up yourself in height, and he has shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;

ASV: Therefore thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because thou art exalted in stature, and he hath set his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;

YLT: Therefore, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because that thou hast been high in stature, And he yieldeth his foliage between thickets, And high is his heart in his haughtiness,

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:11

Hebrew

וְאֶתְּנֵהוּ בְּיַד אֵיל גּוֹיִם עָשׂוֹ יַֽעֲשֶׂה לוֹ כְּרִשְׁעוֹ גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽהוּ׃

ve'etenehv-veyad-'eyl-gvoyim-'ashvo-ya'asheh-lvo-kherishe'vo-gerashetihv

KJV: I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness.

AKJV: I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness.

ASV: I will even deliver him into the hand of the mighty one of the nations; he shall surely deal with him; I have driven him out for his wickedness.

YLT: I give him into the hand of a god of nations, He dealeth sorely with him, In his wickedness I have cast him out.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:12

Hebrew

וַיִּכְרְתֻהוּ זָרִים עָרִיצֵי גוֹיִם וַֽיִּטְּשֻׁהוּ אֶל־הֶהָרִים וּבְכָל־גֵּאָיוֹת נָפְלוּ דָלִיּוֹתָיו וַתִּשָּׁבַרְנָה פֹֽארֹתָיו בְּכֹל אֲפִיקֵי הָאָרֶץ וַיֵּרְדוּ מִצִּלּוֹ כָּל־עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ וַֽיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּ׃

vayikheretuhv-zariym-'ariytzey-gvoyim-vayiteshuhv-'el-hehariym-vvekhal-ge'ayvot-nafelv-daliyvotayv-vatishavarenah-fo'rotayv-vekhol-'afiyqey-ha'aretz-vayeredv-mitzilvo-khal-'amey-ha'aretz-vayiteshuhv

KJV: And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

AKJV: And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: on the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

ASV: And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the watercourses of the land; and all the peoples of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

YLT: And cut him off do strangers, The terrible of nations, and they leave him, On the mountains and in all valleys have his thin shoots fallen, And broken are his boughs at all streams of the land, And go down from his shade do all peoples of the land, and they leave him.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:13

Hebrew

עַל־מַפַּלְתּוֹ יִשְׁכְּנוּ כָּל־עוֹף הַשָּׁמָיִם וְאֶל־פֹּארֹתָיו הָיוּ כֹּל חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃

'al-mafaletvo-yishekhenv-khal-'vof-hashamayim-ve'el-fo'rotayv-hayv-khol-chayat-hashadeh

KJV: Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:

AKJV: On his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be on his branches:

ASV: Upon his ruin all the birds of the heavens shall dwell, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches;

YLT: On his ruin dwell do all fowls of the heavens, And on his boughs have been all the beasts of the field,

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:14

Hebrew

לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִגְבְּהוּ בְקוֹמָתָם כָּל־עֲצֵי־מַיִם וְלֹֽא־יִתְּנוּ אֶת־צַמַּרְתָּם אֶל־בֵּין עֲבֹתִים וְלֹֽא־יַעַמְדוּ אֵלֵיהֶם בְּגָבְהָם כָּל־שֹׁתֵי מָיִם כִּֽי־כֻלָּם נִתְּנוּ לַמָּוֶת אֶל־אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם אֶל־יוֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃

lema'an-'asher-lo'-yigevehv-veqvomatam-khal-'atzey-mayim-velo'-yitenv-'et-tzamaretam-'el-veyn-'avotiym-velo'-ya'amedv-'eleyhem-vegaveham-khal-shotey-mayim-khiy-khulam-nitenv-lamavet-'el-'eretz-tachetiyt-vetvokhe-veney-'adam-'el-yvoredey-vvor

KJV: To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.

AKJV: To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered to death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the middle of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.

ASV: to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up in their height, even all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.

YLT: In order that none of the trees of the waters May become haughty because of their stature, Nor give their foliage between thickets, Nor any drinking waters stand up unto them in their haughtiness, For all of them are given up to death, Unto the earth--the lower part, In the midst of the sons of men, Unto those going down to the pit.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they ar...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:15

Hebrew

כֹּֽה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה בְּיוֹם רִדְתּוֹ שְׁאוֹלָה הֶאֱבַלְתִּי כִּסֵּתִי עָלָיו אֶת־תְּהוֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע נַהֲרוֹתֶיהָ וַיִּכָּלְאוּ מַיִם רַבִּים וָאַקְדִּר עָלָיו לְבָנוֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה עָלָיו עֻלְפֶּֽה׃

khoh-'amar-'adonay-yehvih-veyvom-ridetvo-she'volah-he'evaletiy-khisetiy-'alayv-'et-tehvom-va'emena'-naharvoteyha-vayikhale'v-mayim-raviym-va'aqedir-'alayv-levanvon-vekhal-'atzey-hashadeh-'alayv-'ulefeh

KJV: Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.

AKJV: Thus says the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.

ASV: Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: In the day when he went down to Sheol I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the rivers thereof; and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.

YLT: Thus said the Lord Jehovah: In the day of his going down to sheol I have caused mourning, I have covered for him the deep, and diminish its flowings, And restrained are many waters, And I make Lebanon black for him, And all trees of the field have been covered for him.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:16

Hebrew

מִקּוֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ הִרְעַשְׁתִּי גוֹיִם בְּהוֹרִדִי אֹתוֹ שְׁאוֹלָה אֶת־יוֹרְדֵי בוֹר וַיִּנָּחֲמוּ בְּאֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵדֶן מִבְחַר וְטוֹב־לְבָנוֹן כָּל־שֹׁתֵי מָֽיִם׃

miqvol-mafaletvo-hire'ashetiy-gvoyim-vehvoridiy-'otvo-she'volah-'et-yvoredey-vvor-vayinachamv-ve'eretz-tachetiyt-khal-'atzey-'eden-mivechar-vetvov-levanvon-khal-shotey-mayim

KJV: I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth.

AKJV: I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth.

ASV: I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to Sheol with them that descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the nether parts of the earth.

YLT: From the sound of his fall I have caused nations to shake, In My causing him to go down to sheol, With those going down to the pit, And comforted in the earth--the lower part, are all trees of Eden, The choice and the good of Lebanon, All drinking waters.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comfort...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:17

Hebrew

גַּם־הֵם אִתּוֹ יָרְדוּ שְׁאוֹלָה אֶל־חַלְלֵי־חָרֶב וּזְרֹעוֹ יָשְׁבוּ בְצִלּוֹ בְּתוֹךְ גּוֹיִֽם׃

gam-hem-'itvo-yaredv-she'volah-'el-chaleley-charev-vzero'vo-yashevv-vetzilvo-vetvokhe-gvoyim

KJV: They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen.

AKJV: They also went down into hell with him to them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelled under his shadow in the middle of the heathen. ¶

ASV: They also went down into Sheol with him unto them that are slain by the sword; yea, they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the nations.

YLT: Also they with him have gone down to sheol, Unto the pierced of the sword, And--his arm--they dwelt in his shade in the midst of nations.

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Ezekiel 31:18

Hebrew

אֶל־מִי דָמִיתָ כָּכָה בְּכָבוֹד וּבְגֹדֶל בַּעֲצֵי־עֵדֶן וְהוּרַדְתָּ אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵדֶן אֶל־אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית בְּתוֹךְ עֲרֵלִים תִּשְׁכַּב אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶרֶב הוּא פַרְעֹה וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹה נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִֽה׃

'el-miy-damiyta-khakhah-vekhavvod-vvegodel-va'atzey-'eden-vehvradeta-'et-'atzey-'eden-'el-'eretz-tachetiyt-vetvokhe-'areliym-tishekhav-'et-chaleley-cherev-hv'-fare'oh-vekhal-hamvonoh-ne'um-'adonay-yehvih

KJV: To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.

AKJV: To whom are you thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall you be brought down with the trees of Eden to the nether parts of the earth: you shall lie in the middle of the uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, says the Lord GOD.

ASV: To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord Jehovah.

YLT: Unto whom hast thou been thus like, In honour and in greatness among the trees of Eden, And thou hast been brought down with the trees of Eden, Unto the earth--the lower part, In the midst of the uncircumcised thou liest, With the pierced of the sword? It is Pharaoh, and all his multitude, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah!'

Exposition: Ezekiel 31:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.