Apologetics Bible

Galatians 1:1

Greek

Παῦλος ἀπόστολος, οὐκ ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων οὐδὲ διʼ ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν,

Paylos apostolos, oyk ap anthropon oyde di anthropoy alla dia Iesoy Christoy kai theoy patros toy egeirantos ayton ek nekron,

KJV: Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;)

AKJV: Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;)

ASV: Paul, an apostle (not from men, neither through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead),

YLT: Paul, an apostle--not from men, nor through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who did raise him out of the dead--

Exposition: Galatians 1:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:2

Greek

καὶ οἱ σὺν ἐμοὶ πάντες ἀδελφοί, ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Γαλατίας·

kai oi syn emoi pantes adelphoi, tais ekklesiais tes Galatias·

KJV: And all the brethren which are with me, unto the churches of Galatia:

AKJV: And all the brothers which are with me, to the churches of Galatia:

ASV: and all the brethren that are with me, unto the churches of Galatia:

YLT: and all the brethren with me, to the assemblies of Galatia:

Exposition: Galatians 1:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And all the brethren which are with me, unto the churches of Galatia:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:3

Greek

χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ⸂καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν⸃ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,

charis ymin kai eirene apo theoy patros kai kyrioy emon Iesoy Christoy,

KJV: Grace be to you and peace from God the Father, and from our Lord Jesus Christ,

AKJV: Grace be to you and peace from God the Father, and from our Lord Jesus Christ,

ASV: Grace to you and peace from God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ,

YLT: Grace to you, and peace from God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ,

Exposition: Galatians 1:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Grace be to you and peace from God the Father, and from our Lord Jesus Christ,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:4

Greek

τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν ⸀ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ὅπως ἐξέληται ἡμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ ⸂αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος⸃ πονηροῦ κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς ἡμῶν,

toy dontos eayton yper ton amartion emon opos exeletai emas ek toy aionos toy enestotos poneroy kata to thelema toy theoy kai patros emon,

KJV: Who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us from this present evil world, according to the will of God and our Father:

AKJV: Who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us from this present evil world, according to the will of God and our Father:

ASV: who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us out of this present evil world, according to the will of our God and Father:

YLT: who did give himself for our sins, that he might deliver us out of the present evil age, according to the will of God even our Father,

Exposition: Galatians 1:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us from this present evil world, according to the will of God and our Father:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:5

Greek

ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων· ἀμήν.

o e doxa eis toys aionas ton aionon· amen.

KJV: To whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

AKJV: To whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

ASV: to whom be the glory for ever and ever. Amen.

YLT: to whom is the glory to the ages of the ages. Amen.

Exposition: Galatians 1:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:6

Greek

Θαυμάζω ὅτι οὕτως ταχέως μετατίθεσθε ἀπὸ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς ἐν χάριτι Χριστοῦ εἰς ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον,

Thaymazo oti oytos tacheos metatithesthe apo toy kalesantos ymas en chariti Christoy eis eteron eyaggelion,

KJV: I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel:

AKJV: I marvel that you are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ to another gospel:

ASV: I marvel that ye are so quickly removing from him that called you in the grace of Christ unto a different gospel;

YLT: I wonder that ye are so quickly removed from Him who did call you in the grace of Christ to another good news;

Exposition: Galatians 1:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:7

Greek

ὃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλο· εἰ μή τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς καὶ θέλοντες μεταστρέψαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ.

o oyk estin allo· ei me tines eisin oi tarassontes ymas kai thelontes metastrepsai to eyaggelion toy Christoy.

KJV: Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.

AKJV: Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.

ASV: which is not another gospel: only there are some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.

YLT: that is not another, except there be certain who are troubling you, and wishing to pervert the good news of the Christ;

Exposition: Galatians 1:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:8

Greek

ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐὰν ἡμεῖς ἢ ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ⸀εὐαγγελίζηται ⸀ὑμῖν παρʼ ὃ εὐηγγελισάμεθα ὑμῖν, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω.

alla kai ean emeis e aggelos ex oyranoy eyaggelizetai ymin par o eyeggelisametha ymin, anathema esto.

KJV: But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed.

AKJV: But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel to you than that which we have preached to you, let him be accursed.

ASV: But though we, or an angel from heaven, should preach unto you any gospel other than that which we preached unto you, let him be anathema.

YLT: but even if we or a messenger out of heaven may proclaim good news to you different from what we did proclaim to you--anathema let him be!

Exposition: Galatians 1:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:9

Greek

ὡς προειρήκαμεν, καὶ ἄρτι πάλιν λέγω, εἴ τις ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελίζεται παρʼ ὃ παρελάβετε, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω.

os proeirekamen, kai arti palin lego, ei tis ymas eyaggelizetai par o parelabete, anathema esto.

KJV: As we said before, so say I now again, If any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed.

AKJV: As we said before, so say I now again, if any man preach any other gospel to you than that you have received, let him be accursed.

ASV: As we have said before, so say I now again, If any man preacheth unto you any gospel other than that which ye received, let him be anathema.

YLT: as we have said before, and now say again, If any one to you may proclaim good news different from what ye did receive--anathema let him be!

Exposition: Galatians 1:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'As we said before, so say I now again, If any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:10

Greek

Ἄρτι γὰρ ἀνθρώπους πείθω ἢ τὸν θεόν; ἢ ζητῶ ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν; ⸀εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην.

Arti gar anthropoys peitho e ton theon; e zeto anthropois areskein; ei eti anthropois ereskon, Christoy doylos oyk an emen.

KJV: For do I now persuade men, or God? or do I seek to please men? for if I yet pleased men, I should not be the servant of Christ.

AKJV: For do I now persuade men, or God? or do I seek to please men? for if I yet pleased men, I should not be the servant of Christ.

ASV: For am I now seeking the favor of men, or of God? or am I striving to please men? if I were still pleasing men, I should not be a servant of Christ.

YLT: for now men do I persuade, or God? or do I seek to please men? for if yet men I did please--Christ's servant I should not be.

Exposition: Galatians 1:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For do I now persuade men, or God? or do I seek to please men? for if I yet pleased men, I should not be the servant of Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:11

Greek

Γνωρίζω ⸀γὰρ ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον·

Gnorizo gar ymin, adelphoi, to eyaggelion to eyaggelisthen yp emoy oti oyk estin kata anthropon·

KJV: But I certify you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man.

AKJV: But I certify you, brothers, that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man.

ASV: For I make known to you, brethren, as touching the gospel which was preached by me, that it is not after man.

YLT: And I make known to you, brethren, the good news that were proclaimed by me, that it is not according to man,

Exposition: Galatians 1:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But I certify you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:12

Greek

οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό, ⸀οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην, ἀλλὰ διʼ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.

oyde gar ego para anthropoy parelabon ayto, oyte edidachthen, alla di apokalypseos Iesoy Christoy.

KJV: For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.

AKJV: For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.

ASV: For neither did I receive it from man, nor was I taught it, but it came to me through revelation of Jesus Christ.

YLT: for neither did I from man receive it, nor was I taught it , but through a revelation of Jesus Christ,

Exposition: Galatians 1:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:13

Greek

Ἠκούσατε γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ, ὅτι καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ἐδίωκον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐπόρθουν αὐτήν,

Ekoysate gar ten emen anastrophen pote en to Ioydaismo, oti kath yperbolen ediokon ten ekklesian toy theoy kai eporthoyn ayten,

KJV: For ye have heard of my conversation in time past in the Jews’ religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the church of God, and wasted it:

AKJV: For you have heard of my conversation in time past in the Jews’ religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the church of God, and wasted it:

ASV: For ye have heard of my manner of life in time past in the Jews’ religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the church of God, and made havoc of it:

YLT: for ye did hear of my behaviour once in Judaism, that exceedingly I was persecuting the assembly of God, and wasting it,

Exposition: Galatians 1:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For ye have heard of my conversation in time past in the Jews’ religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the church of God, and wasted it:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:14

Greek

καὶ προέκοπτον ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ ὑπὲρ πολλοὺς συνηλικιώτας ἐν τῷ γένει μου, περισσοτέρως ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τῶν πατρικῶν μου παραδόσεων.

kai proekopton en to Ioydaismo yper polloys synelikiotas en to genei moy, perissoteros zelotes yparchon ton patrikon moy paradoseon.

KJV: And profited in the Jews’ religion above many my equals in mine own nation, being more exceedingly zealous of the traditions of my fathers.

AKJV: And profited in the Jews’ religion above many my equals in my own nation, being more exceedingly zealous of the traditions of my fathers.

ASV: and I advanced in the Jews’ religion beyond many of mine own age among my countrymen, being more exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers.

YLT: and I was advancing in Judaism above many equals in age in mine own race, being more abundantly zealous of my fathers' deliverances,

Exposition: Galatians 1:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And profited in the Jews’ religion above many my equals in mine own nation, being more exceedingly zealous of the traditions of my fathers.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:15

Greek

ὅτε δὲ ⸀εὐδόκησεν ὁ ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου καὶ καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ

ote de eydokesen o aphorisas me ek koilias metros moy kai kalesas dia tes charitos aytoy

KJV: But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother’s womb, and called me by his grace,

AKJV: But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother’s womb, and called me by his grace,

ASV: But when it was the good pleasure of God, who separated me, even from my mother’s womb, and called me through his grace,

YLT: and when God was well pleased--having separated me from the womb of my mother, and having called me through His grace--

Exposition: Galatians 1:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother’s womb, and called me by his grace,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:16

Greek

ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ ἵνα εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, εὐθέως οὐ προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι,

apokalypsai ton yion aytoy en emoi ina eyaggelizomai ayton en tois ethnesin, eytheos oy prosanethemen sarki kai aimati,

KJV: To reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood:

AKJV: To reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood:

ASV: to reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the Gentiles; straightway I conferred not with flesh and blood:

YLT: to reveal His Son in me, that I might proclaim him good news among the nations, immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood,

Exposition: Galatians 1:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:17

Greek

οὐδὲ ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα πρὸς τοὺς πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἀποστόλους, ἀλλὰ ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν, καὶ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψα εἰς Δαμασκόν.

oyde anelthon eis Ierosolyma pros toys pro emoy apostoloys, alla apelthon eis Arabian, kai palin ypestrepsa eis Damaskon.

KJV: Neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again unto Damascus.

AKJV: Neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again to Damascus.

ASV: neither went I up to Jerusalem to them that were apostles before me: but I went away into Arabia; and again I returned unto Damascus.

YLT: nor did I go up to Jerusalem unto those who were apostles before me, but I went away to Arabia, and again returned to Damascus,

Exposition: Galatians 1:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again unto Damascus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:18

Greek

Ἔπειτα μετὰ ⸂ἔτη τρία⸃ ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἱστορῆσαι ⸀Κηφᾶν, καὶ ἐπέμεινα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡμέρας δεκαπέντε·

Epeita meta ete tria anelthon eis Ierosolyma istoresai Kephan, kai epemeina pros ayton emeras dekapente·

KJV: Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and abode with him fifteen days.

AKJV: Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and stayed with him fifteen days.

ASV: Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas, and tarried with him fifteen days.

YLT: then, after three years I went up to Jerusalem to enquire about Peter, and remained with him fifteen days,

Exposition: Galatians 1:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and abode with him fifteen days.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:19

Greek

ἕτερον δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ κυρίου.

eteron de ton apostolon oyk eidon, ei me Iakobon ton adelphon toy kyrioy.

KJV: But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord’s brother.

AKJV: But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord’s brother.

ASV: But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord’s brother.

YLT: and other of the apostles I did not see, except James, the brother of the Lord.

Exposition: Galatians 1:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord’s brother.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:20

Greek

ἃ δὲ γράφω ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ὅτι οὐ ψεύδομαι.

a de grapho ymin, idoy enopion toy theoy oti oy pseydomai.

KJV: Now the things which I write unto you, behold, before God, I lie not.

AKJV: Now the things which I write to you, behold, before God, I lie not.

ASV: Now touching the things which I write unto you, behold, before God, I lie not.

YLT: And the things that I write to you, lo, before God--I lie not;

Exposition: Galatians 1:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now the things which I write unto you, behold, before God, I lie not.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:21

Greek

ἔπειτα ἦλθον εἰς τὰ κλίματα τῆς Συρίας καὶ τῆς Κιλικίας.

epeita elthon eis ta klimata tes Syrias kai tes Kilikias.

KJV: Afterwards I came into the regions of Syria and Cilicia;

AKJV: Afterwards I came into the regions of Syria and Cilicia;

ASV: Then I came into the regions of Syria and Cilicia.

YLT: then I came to the regions of Syria and of Cilicia,

Exposition: Galatians 1:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Afterwards I came into the regions of Syria and Cilicia;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:22

Greek

ἤμην δὲ ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἰουδαίας ταῖς ἐν Χριστῷ,

emen de agnooymenos to prosopo tais ekklesiais tes Ioydaias tais en Christo,

KJV: And was unknown by face unto the churches of Judea which were in Christ:

AKJV: And was unknown by face to the churches of Judaea which were in Christ:

ASV: And I was still unknown by face unto the churches of Judæa which were in Christ:

YLT: and was unknown by face to the assemblies of Judea, that are in Christ,

Exposition: Galatians 1:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And was unknown by face unto the churches of Judea which were in Christ:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:23

Greek

μόνον δὲ ἀκούοντες ἦσαν ὅτι Ὁ διώκων ἡμᾶς ποτε νῦν εὐαγγελίζεται τὴν πίστιν ἥν ποτε ἐπόρθει,

monon de akoyontes esan oti O diokon emas pote nyn eyaggelizetai ten pistin en pote eporthei,

KJV: But they had heard only, That he which persecuted us in times past now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed.

AKJV: But they had heard only, That he which persecuted us in times past now preaches the faith which once he destroyed.

ASV: but they only heard say, He that once persecuted us now preacheth the faith of which he once made havoc;

YLT: and only they were hearing, that `he who is persecuting us then, doth now proclaim good news--the faith that then he was wasting;'

Exposition: Galatians 1:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But they had heard only, That he which persecuted us in times past now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Galatians 1:24

Greek

καὶ ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν.

kai edoxazon en emoi ton theon.

KJV: And they glorified God in me.

AKJV: And they glorified God in me.

ASV: and they glorified God in me.

YLT: and they were glorifying God in me.

Exposition: Galatians 1:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they glorified God in me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.