Apologetics Bible
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The Hebrew title בְּרֵאשִׁית (B'reishit — "In the beginning") identifies Genesis as the Ur-document of all biblical revelation. Moses compiled and wrote Genesis under divine inspiration (affirmed by Jesus in John 5:46; Luke 24:27), drawing on earlier written and oral sources (toledot records).
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Genesis_23
- Primary Witness Text: And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: these were the years of the life of Sarah. And Sarah died in Kirjath–arba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spake unto the sons of Heth, saying, I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight. And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying unto him, Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us: in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead. And Abraham stood up, and bowed himself to the people of the land, even to the children of Heth. And he communed with them, saying, If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight; hear me, and intreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar, That he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a buryingplace amongst you. And Ephron dwelt among the children of Heth: and Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the children of Heth, even of all that went in at the gate of his city, saying, Nay, my lord, hear me: the field give I thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it thee; in the presence of the sons of my people give I it thee: bury thy dead. And Abraham b...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Genesis_23
- Chapter Blob Preview: And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: these were the years of the life of Sarah. And Sarah died in Kirjath–arba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spake unto the sons of Heth, saying, I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession o...
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Chapter frame
The Hebrew title בְּרֵאשִׁית (B'reishit — "In the beginning") identifies Genesis as the Ur-document of all biblical revelation. Moses compiled and wrote Genesis under divine inspiration (affirmed by Jesus in John 5:46; Luke 24:27), drawing on earlier written and oral sources (toledot records).
Genesis addresses the deepest human questions: Origin, Identity, Fall, and Hope. Its apologetics force lies in presenting monotheistic creation, human dignity, the origin of evil, and the first redemptive promise (3:15) — each revolutionary in its ancient Near Eastern context where polytheism, fatalism, and cyclical time dominated all rival cosmologies.
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Genesis 23:1
Hebrew
וַיִּהְיוּ חַיֵּי שָׂרָה מֵאָה שָׁנָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וְשֶׁבַע שָׁנִים שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי שָׂרָֽה׃vayiheyv-chayey-sharah-me'ah-shanah-ve'esheriym-shanah-vesheva'-shaniym-sheney-chayey-sharah
KJV: And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: these were the years of the life of Sarah.
AKJV: And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: these were the years of the life of Sarah.
ASV: And the life of Sarah was a hundred and seven and twenty years: these were the years of the life of Sarah.
YLT: And the life of Sarah is a hundred and twenty and seven years--years of the life of Sarah;
Exposition: Genesis 23:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: these were the years of the life of Sarah.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:2
Hebrew
וַתָּמָת שָׂרָה בְּקִרְיַת אַרְבַּע הִוא חֶבְרוֹן בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וַיָּבֹא אַבְרָהָם לִסְפֹּד לְשָׂרָה וְלִבְכֹּתָֽהּ׃vatamat-sharah-veqireyat-'areva'-hiv'-chevervon-ve'eretz-khena'an-vayavo'-'averaham-lisefod-lesharah-velivekhotah
KJV: And Sarah died in Kirjath–arba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her.
AKJV: And Sarah died in Kirjatharba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. ¶
ASV: And Sarah died in Kiriath-arba (the same is Hebron), in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her.
YLT: and Sarah dieth in Kirjath-Arba, which is Hebron, in the land of Caanan, and Abraham goeth in to mourn for Sarah, and to bewail her.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:2
Verse 2 Sarah died in Kirjath-arba - Literally in the city of the four. Some suppose this place was called the city of the four because it was the burial place of Adam, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; others, because according to the opinion of the rabbins, Eve was buried there. with Sarah, Rebekah, and Leah. But it seems evidently to have had its name from a Canaanite, one of the Anakim, probably called Arba (for the text, Jos 14:14, does not actually say this was his name), who was the chief of the four brothers who dwelt there; the names of the others being Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. See Jdg 1:10. These three were destroyed by the tribe of Judah; probably the other had been previously dead. Abraham came to mourn for Sarah - From Gen 22:19 of the preceding chapter it appears that Abraham had settled at Beer-sheba; and here we find that Sarah died at Hebron, which was about twenty-four miles distant from Beersheba. For the convenience of feeding his numerous flocks, Abraham had probably several places of temporary residence, and particularly one at Beer-sheba, and another at Hebron; and it is likely that while he sojourned at Beersheba, Sarah died at Hebron; and his coming to mourn and weep for her signifies his coming from the former to the latter place on the news of her death.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 22:19
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Adam
- Abraham
- Isaac
- Jacob
- Sarah
- Rebekah
- Leah
- Canaanite
- Anakim
- Sheshai
- Ahiman
- Talmai
- Judah
- Hebron
- Beersheba
Exposition: Genesis 23:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Sarah died in Kirjath–arba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:3
Hebrew
וַיָּקָם אַבְרָהָם מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֹ וַיְדַבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי־חֵת לֵאמֹֽר׃vayaqam-'averaham-me'al-feney-metvo-vayedaver-'el-veney-chet-le'mor
KJV: And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spake unto the sons of Heth, saying,
AKJV: And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spoke to the sons of Heth, saying,
ASV: And Abraham rose up from before his dead, and spake unto the children of Heth, saying,
YLT: And Abraham riseth up from the presence of his dead, and speaketh unto the sons of Heth, saying,
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:3
Verse 3 Abraham stood up from before his dead - He had probably sat on the ground some days in token of sorrow, as the custom then was, (see Tobit 2:12, 13; Isa 47:1; and Gen 37:35); and when this time was finished he arose and began to treat about a burying place.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Isa 47:1
- Gen 37:35
Exposition: Genesis 23:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spake unto the sons of Heth, saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:4
Hebrew
גֵּר־וְתוֹשָׁב אָנֹכִי עִמָּכֶם תְּנוּ לִי אֲחֻזַּת־קֶבֶר עִמָּכֶם וְאֶקְבְּרָה מֵתִי מִלְּפָנָֽי׃ger-vetvoshav-'anokhiy-'imakhem-tenv-liy-'achuzat-qever-'imakhem-ve'eqeverah-metiy-milefanay
KJV: I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight.
AKJV: I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a burial plot with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight.
ASV: I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a burying-place with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight.
YLT: ‘A sojourner and a settler I am with you; give to me a possession of a burying-place with you, and I bury my dead from before me.’
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:4
Verse 4 I am a stranger and a sojourner - It appears from Heb 11:13-16; 1Pet 2:11, that these words refer more to the state of his mind than of his body. He felt that he had no certain dwelling place, and was seeking by faith a city that had foundations. Give me a possession of a burying place - It has been remarked that in different nations it was deemed ignominious to be buried in another's ground; probably this prevailed in early times in the east, and it may be in reference to a sentiment of this kind that Abraham refuses to accept the offer of the children of Heth to bury in any of their sepulchers, and earnestly requests them to sell him one, that he might bury his wife in a place that he could claim as his own.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Heb 11:13-16
- 1Pet 2:11
Exposition: Genesis 23:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:5
Hebrew
וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵי־חֵת אֶת־אַבְרָהָם לֵאמֹר לֽוֹ׃vaya'anv-veney-chet-'et-'averaham-le'mor-lvo
KJV: And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying unto him,
AKJV: And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying to him,
ASV: And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying unto him,
YLT: And the sons of Heth answer Abraham, saying to him,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:5Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:5
Genesis 23:5 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying unto him,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:5
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Abraham
Exposition: Genesis 23:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying unto him,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:6
Hebrew
שְׁמָעֵנוּ ׀ אֲדֹנִי נְשִׂיא אֱלֹהִים אַתָּה בְּתוֹכֵנוּ בְּמִבְחַר קְבָרֵינוּ קְבֹר אֶת־מֵתֶךָ אִישׁ מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת־קִבְרוֹ לֹֽא־יִכְלֶה מִמְּךָ מִקְּבֹר מֵתֶֽךָ׃shema'env- -'adoniy-neshiy'-'elohiym-'atah-vetvokhenv-vemivechar-qevareynv-qevor-'et-metekha-'iysh-mimenv-'et-qivervo-lo'-yikheleh-mimekha-miqevor-metekha
KJV: Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us: in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead.
AKJV: Hear us, my lord: you are a mighty prince among us: in the choice of our sepulchers bury your dead; none of us shall withhold from you his sepulcher, but that you may bury your dead.
ASV: Hear us, my lord; thou art a prince of God among us: in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead.
YLT: ‘Hear us, my lord; a prince of God art thou in our midst; in the choice of our burying-places bury thy dead: none of us his burying-place doth withhold from thee, from burying thy dead.’
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:6
Verse 6 Thou art a mighty prince - נשיא אלהים nesi Elohim, a prince of God - a person whom we know to be Divinely favored, and whom, in consequence, we deeply respect and reverence.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Elohim
Exposition: Genesis 23:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us: in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:7
Hebrew
וַיָּקָם אַבְרָהָם וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ לְעַם־הָאָרֶץ לִבְנֵי־חֵֽת׃vayaqam-'averaham-vayishetachv-le'am-ha'aretz-liveney-chet
KJV: And Abraham stood up, and bowed himself to the people of the land, even to the children of Heth.
AKJV: And Abraham stood up, and bowed himself to the people of the land, even to the children of Heth.
ASV: And Abraham rose up, and bowed himself to the people of the land, even to the children of Heth.
YLT: And Abraham riseth and boweth himself to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:7Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:7
Genesis 23:7 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Abraham stood up, and bowed himself to the people of the land, even to the children of Heth.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:7
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Heth
Exposition: Genesis 23:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Abraham stood up, and bowed himself to the people of the land, even to the children of Heth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:8
Hebrew
וַיְדַבֵּר אִתָּם לֵאמֹר אִם־יֵשׁ אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁכֶם לִקְבֹּר אֶת־מֵתִי מִלְּפָנַי שְׁמָעוּנִי וּפִגְעוּ־לִי בְּעֶפְרוֹן בֶּן־צֹֽחַר׃vayedaver-'itam-le'mor-'im-yesh-'et-nafeshekhem-liqevor-'et-metiy-milefanay-shema'vniy-vfige'v-liy-ve'efervon-ven-tzochar
KJV: And he communed with them, saying, If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight; hear me, and intreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar,
AKJV: And he communed with them, saying, If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight; hear me, and entreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar,
ASV: And he communed with them, saying, If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight, hear me, and entreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar,
YLT: and he speaketh with them, saying, ‘If it is your desire to bury my dead from before me, hear me, and meet for me with Ephron, son of Zoar;
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:8
Verse 8 Entreat for me to Ephron - Abraham had already seen the cave and field, and finding to whom they belonged, and that they would answer his purpose, came to the gate of Hebron, where the elders of the people sat to administer justice, etc., and where bargains and sales were made and witnessed, and having addressed himself to the elders, among whom Ephron was, though it appears he was not personally known to Abraham, he begged them to use their influence with the owner of the cave and field to sell it to him, that it might serve him and his family for a place of sepulture.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Hebron
- Abraham
Exposition: Genesis 23:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he communed with them, saying, If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight; hear me, and intreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:9
Hebrew
וְיִתֶּן־לִי אֶת־מְעָרַת הַמַּכְפֵּלָה אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ אֲשֶׁר בִּקְצֵה שָׂדֵהוּ בְּכֶסֶף מָלֵא יִתְּנֶנָּה לִי בְּתוֹכְכֶם לַאֲחֻזַּת־קָֽבֶר׃veyiten-liy-'et-me'arat-hamakhefelah-'asher-lvo-'asher-viqetzeh-shadehv-vekhesef-male'-yitenenah-liy-vetvokhekhem-la'achuzat-qaver
KJV: That he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a buryingplace amongst you.
AKJV: That he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he has, which is in the end of his field; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a burial plot among you.
ASV: that he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field; for the full price let him give it to me in the midst of you for a possession of a burying-place.
YLT: and he giveth to me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the extremity of his field; for full money doth he give it to me, in your midst, for a possession of a burying-place.'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:9Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:9
Genesis 23:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'That he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a buryingplace amongst you.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:9
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Machpelah
Exposition: Genesis 23:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a buryingplace amongst you.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:10
Hebrew
וְעֶפְרוֹן יֹשֵׁב בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי־חֵת וַיַּעַן עֶפְרוֹן הַחִתִּי אֶת־אַבְרָהָם בְּאָזְנֵי בְנֵי־חֵת לְכֹל בָּאֵי שַֽׁעַר־עִירוֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ve'efervon-yoshev-vetvokhe-veney-chet-vaya'an-'efervon-hachitiy-'et-'averaham-ve'azeney-veney-chet-lekhol-va'ey-sha'ar-'iyrvo-le'mor
KJV: And Ephron dwelt among the children of Heth: and Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the children of Heth, even of all that went in at the gate of his city, saying,
AKJV: And Ephron dwelled among the children of Heth: and Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the children of Heth, even of all that went in at the gate of his city, saying,
ASV: Now Ephron was sitting in the midst of the children of Heth: and Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the children of Heth, even of all that went in at the gate of his city, saying,
YLT: And Ephron is sitting in the midst of the sons of Heth, and Ephron the Hittite answereth Abraham in the ears of the sons of Heth, of all those entering the gate of his city, saying,
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:10
Verse 10 And Ephron dwelt among the children of Heth - And Ephron ישב yosheb, was sitting among the children of Heth, but, as was before conjectured, was personally unknown to Abraham; he therefore answered for himself, making a free tender of the field, etc., to Abraham, in the presence of all the people, which amounted to a legal conveyance of the whole property to the patriarch.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Heth
- Abraham
Exposition: Genesis 23:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Ephron dwelt among the children of Heth: and Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the children of Heth, even of all that went in at the gate of his city, saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:11
Hebrew
לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִי שְׁמָעֵנִי הַשָּׂדֶה נָתַתִּי לָךְ וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ לְךָ נְתַתִּיהָ לְעֵינֵי בְנֵי־עַמִּי נְתַתִּיהָ לָּךְ קְבֹר מֵתֶֽךָ׃lo'-'adoniy-shema'eniy-hashadeh-natatiy-lakhe-vehame'arah-'asher-vvo-lekha-netatiyha-le'eyney-veney-'amiy-netatiyha-lakhe-qevor-metekha
KJV: Nay, my lord, hear me: the field give I thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it thee; in the presence of the sons of my people give I it thee: bury thy dead.
AKJV: No, my lord, hear me: the field give I you, and the cave that is therein, I give it you; in the presence of the sons of my people give I it you: bury your dead.
ASV: Nay, my lord, hear me: the field give I thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it thee; in the presence of the children of my people give I it thee: bury thy dead.
YLT: ‘Nay, my lord, hear me: the field I have given to thee, and the cave that is in it, to thee I have given it; before the eyes of the sons of my people I have given it to thee--bury thy dead.’
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:11Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:11
Genesis 23:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Nay, my lord, hear me: the field give I thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it thee; in the presence of the sons of my people give I it thee: bury thy dead.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:11
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Nay
Exposition: Genesis 23:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Nay, my lord, hear me: the field give I thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it thee; in the presence of the sons of my people give I it thee: bury thy dead.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:12
Hebrew
וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ אַבְרָהָם לִפְנֵי עַם הָאָֽרֶץ׃vayishetachv-'averaham-lifeney-'am-ha'aretz
KJV: And Abraham bowed down himself before the people of the land.
AKJV: And Abraham bowed down himself before the people of the land.
ASV: And Abraham bowed himself down before the people of the land.
YLT: And Abraham boweth himself before the people of the land,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:12Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:12
Genesis 23:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Abraham bowed down himself before the people of the land.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:12
Exposition: Genesis 23:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Abraham bowed down himself before the people of the land.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:13
Hebrew
וַיְדַבֵּר אֶל־עֶפְרוֹן בְּאָזְנֵי עַם־הָאָרֶץ לֵאמֹר אַךְ אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שְׁמָעֵנִי נָתַתִּי כֶּסֶף הַשָּׂדֶה קַח מִמֶּנִּי וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶת־מֵתִי שָֽׁמָּה׃vayedaver-'el-'efervon-ve'azeney-'am-ha'aretz-le'mor-'akhe-'im-'atah-lv-shema'eniy-natatiy-khesef-hashadeh-qach-mimeniy-ve'eqeverah-'et-metiy-shamah
KJV: And he spake unto Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, saying, But if thou wilt give it, I pray thee, hear me: I will give thee money for the field; take it of me, and I will bury my dead there.
AKJV: And he spoke to Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, saying, But if you will give it, I pray you, hear me: I will give you money for the field; take it of me, and I will bury my dead there.
ASV: And he spake unto Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, saying, But if thou wilt, I pray thee, hear me: I will give the price of the field; take it of me, and I will bury my dead there.
YLT: and speaketh unto Ephron in the ears of the people of the land, saying, ‘Only--if thou wouldest hear me--I have given the money of the field--accept from me, and I bury my dead there.’
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:13
Verse 13 If thou wilt give it - Instead of, if thou wilt give it, we should read, But if thou wilt sell it, I will give thee money for the field; כסף keseph, silver, not coined money, for it is not probable that any such was then in use.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Genesis 23:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he spake unto Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, saying, But if thou wilt give it, I pray thee, hear me: I will give thee money for the field; take it of me, and I will bury my dead there.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:14
Hebrew
וַיַּעַן עֶפְרוֹן אֶת־אַבְרָהָם לֵאמֹר לֽוֹ׃vaya'an-'efervon-'et-'averaham-le'mor-lvo
KJV: And Ephron answered Abraham, saying unto him,
AKJV: And Ephron answered Abraham, saying to him,
ASV: And Ephron answered Abraham, saying unto him,
YLT: And Ephron answereth Abraham, saying to him,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:14
Genesis 23:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Ephron answered Abraham, saying unto him,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:14
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Abraham
Exposition: Genesis 23:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Ephron answered Abraham, saying unto him,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:15
Hebrew
אֲדֹנִי שְׁמָעֵנִי אֶרֶץ אַרְבַּע מֵאֹת שֶֽׁקֶל־כֶּסֶף בֵּינִי וּבֵֽינְךָ מַה־הִוא וְאֶת־מֵתְךָ קְבֹֽר׃'adoniy-shema'eniy-'eretz-'areva'-me'ot-sheqel-khesef-veyniy-vveynekha-mah-hiv'-ve'et-metekha-qevor
KJV: My lord, hearken unto me: the land is worth four hundred shekels of silver; what is that betwixt me and thee? bury therefore thy dead.
AKJV: My lord, listen to me: the land is worth four hundred shekels of silver; what is that between me and you? bury therefore your dead.
ASV: My lord, hearken unto me: a piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that betwixt me and thee? bury therefore thy dead.
YLT: ‘My lord, hear me: the land--four hundred shekels of silver; between me and thee, what is it? --thy dead bury.’
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:15
Verse 15 The land is worth four hundred shekels of silver - Though the words is worth are not in the text, yet they are necessarily expressed here to adapt the Hebrew to the idiom of our tongue. A shekel, according to the general opinion, was equal to two shillings and sixpence; but according to Dr. Prideaux, whose estimate I shall follow, three shillings English, four hundred of which are equal to sixty pounds sterling; but it is evident that a certain weight is intended, and not a coin, for in Gen 23:16 it is said, And Abraham weighed וישקל vaiyishkol, the silver, and hence it appears that this weight itself passed afterwards as a current coin, for the word שקל is not only used to express a coin or piece of silver, but also to weigh; See note on Gen 20:16.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 23:16
- Gen 20:16
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Dr
- Prideaux
- English
Exposition: Genesis 23:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'My lord, hearken unto me: the land is worth four hundred shekels of silver; what is that betwixt me and thee? bury therefore thy dead.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:16
Hebrew
וַיִּשְׁמַע אַבְרָהָם אֶל־עֶפְרוֹן וַיִּשְׁקֹל אַבְרָהָם לְעֶפְרֹן אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר בְּאָזְנֵי בְנֵי־חֵת אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵֽר׃vayishema'-'averaham-'el-'efervon-vayisheqol-'averaham-le'eferon-'et-hakhesef-'asher-diver-ve'azeney-veney-chet-'areva'-me'vot-sheqel-khesef-'over-lasocher
KJV: And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant.
AKJV: And Abraham listened to Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant. ¶
ASV: And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver which he had named in the audience of the children of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant.
YLT: And Abraham hearkeneth unto Ephron, and Abraham weigheth to Ephron the silver which he hath spoken of in the ears of the sons of Heth, four hundred silver shekels, passing with the merchant.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:16
Verse 16 Current with the merchant - עבר לסחר ober lassocher, passing to or with the traveler - such as was commonly used by those who traveled about with merchandise of any sort. The word signifies the same as hawker or peddler among us.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Genesis 23:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:17
Hebrew
וַיָּקָם ׀ שְׂדֵה עֶפְרוֹן אֲשֶׁר בַּמַּכְפֵּלָה אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי מַמְרֵא הַשָּׂדֶה וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ וְכָל־הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׂדֶה אֲשֶׁר בְּכָל־גְּבֻלוֹ סָבִֽיב׃vayaqam- -shedeh-'efervon-'asher-vamakhefelah-'asher-lifeney-mamere'-hashadeh-vehame'arah-'asher-vvo-vekhal-ha'etz-'asher-vashadeh-'asher-vekhal-gevulvo-saviyv
KJV: And the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were made sure
AKJV: And the field of Ephron which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were made sure
ASV: So the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the border thereof round about, were made sure
YLT: And established are the field of Ephron, which is in Machpelah, which is before Mamre, the field and the cave which is in it, and all the trees which are in the field, which are in all its border round about,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:17Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:17
Genesis 23:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were made sure'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:17
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ephron
- Machpelah
- Mamre
Exposition: Genesis 23:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were made sure'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:18
Hebrew
לְאַבְרָהָם לְמִקְנָה לְעֵינֵי בְנֵי־חֵת בְּכֹל בָּאֵי שַֽׁעַר־עִירֽוֹ׃le'averaham-lemiqenah-le'eyney-veney-chet-vekhol-va'ey-sha'ar-'iyrvo
KJV: Unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth, before all that went in at the gate of his city.
AKJV: To Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth, before all that went in at the gate of his city.
ASV: unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth, before all that went in at the gate of his city.
YLT: to Abraham by purchase, before the eyes of the sons of Heth, among all entering the gate of his city.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:18Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:18
Genesis 23:18 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth, before all that went in at the gate of his city.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:18
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Heth
Exposition: Genesis 23:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth, before all that went in at the gate of his city.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:19
Hebrew
וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן קָבַר אַבְרָהָם אֶת־שָׂרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ אֶל־מְעָרַת שְׂדֵה הַמַּכְפֵּלָה עַל־פְּנֵי מַמְרֵא הִוא חֶבְרוֹן בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ve'acharey-khen-qavar-'averaham-'et-sharah-'ishetvo-'el-me'arat-shedeh-hamakhefelah-'al-feney-mamere'-hiv'-chevervon-ve'eretz-khena'an
KJV: And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan.
AKJV: And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan.
ASV: And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre (the same is Hebron), in the land of Canaan.
YLT: And after this hath Abraham buried Sarah his wife at the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre (which is Hebron), in the land of Canaan;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 23:19Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 23:19
Genesis 23:19 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 23:19
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mamre
- Canaan
Exposition: Genesis 23:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Genesis 23:20
Hebrew
וַיָּקָם הַשָּׂדֶה וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ לְאַבְרָהָם לַאֲחֻזַּת־קָבֶר מֵאֵת בְּנֵי־חֵֽת׃vayaqam-hashadeh-vehame'arah-'asher-vvo-le'averaham-la'achuzat-qaver-me'et-veney-chet
KJV: And the field, and the cave that is therein, were made sure unto Abraham for a possession of a buryingplace by the sons of Heth.
AKJV: And the field, and the cave that is therein, were made sure to Abraham for a possession of a burial plot by the sons of Heth.
ASV: And the field, and the cave that is therein, were made sure unto Abraham for a possession of a burying-place by the children of Heth.
YLT: and established are the field, and the cave which is in it, to Abraham for a possession of a burying-place, from the sons of Heth.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 23:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:20
Verse 20 And the field, etc. were made sure - ויקם vaiyakom, were established, caused to stand; the whole transaction having been regulated according to all the forms of law then in use. 1. In this transaction between Abraham and the sons of Heth concerning the cave and field of Machpelah, we have the earliest account on record of the purchase of land. The simplicity, openness, and candour on both sides cannot be too much admired. 2. Sarah being dead, Abraham being only a sojourner in that land, shifting from place to place for the mere purpose of pasturing his flocks, and having no right to any part of the land, wished to purchase a place in which he might have the continual right of sepulture. For this purpose, 1. He goes to the gate of the city, the place where, in all ancient times, justice was administered, and bargains and sales concluded, and where for these purposes the elders of the people sat. 2. He there proposes to buy the cave known by the name of the Cave of Machpelah, the cave of the turning or the double cave, for a burying place for his family. 3. To prevent him from going to any unnecessary expense, the people with one voice offer him the privilege of burying his wife in any of their sepulchers; this appearing to them to be no more than the common rights of hospitality and humanity required. 4. Abraham, intent on making a purchase, Ephron, the owner of the field and cave, values them at four hundred shekels, but at the same time wishes Abraham to receive the whole as a gift. 5. Abraham refuses the gift and weighs down the silver specified. 6. The people who enter in at the gate, i.e., the inhabitants coming from or going to their ordinary occupations in the country, witness the transaction, and thus the conveyance to Abraham is made sure without the intervention of those puzzlers of civil affairs by whose tricks and chicanery property often becomes insecure, and right and succession precarious and uncertain. But this censure does not fall on lawyers properly so called, who are men of honor, and whose office, in every well-regulated state, is as useful as it is respectable. But the accumulation and complex nature of almost all modern systems of law puzzle even justice herself, and often induce decisions by which truth falls in the streets and equity goes backwards. In the first ages of mankind, suspicion, deceit, and guile seem to have had a very limited influence. Happy days of primitive simplicity! When shall they return? 3. We often hear of the rudeness and barbarity of the primitive ages, but on what evidence? Every rule of politeness that could be acted upon in such a case as that mentioned here, is brought into full practice. Is it possible to read the simple narration in this place without admiring the amiable, decent, and polite conduct displayed on both sides? Had even Lord Chesterfield read this account, his good sense would have led him to propose it as a model in all transactions between man and his fellows. There is neither awkward, stiff formality on the one hand, nor frippery or affectation on the other. Decent respect, good sense, good nature, and good breeding, are all prominently displayed. And how highly laudable and useful is all this! A pedant or a boor on either side might have destroyed the simplicity of the whole transaction; the one by engendering caution and suspicion, and the other by exciting disgust. In all such transactions the beau and the boor are equally to be avoided. From the first no sincerity can be expected, and the manners of the latter render him intolerable. The religion of the Bible recommends and inculcates orderly behavior, as well as purity of heart and life. They who, under the sanction of religion, trample under foot the decent forms of civil respect, supposing that because they are religious they have a right to be rude, totally mistake the spirit of Christianity, for love or charity (the soul and essence of that religion) behaveth not itself unseemly. Every attentive reader of the thirteenth chapter of St. Paul's first epistle to the Corinthians, will clearly discern that the description of true religion given in that place applies as forcibly to good breeding as to inward and outward holiness. What lessons of honesty, decent respect, and good manners could a sensible man derive from Abraham treating with the sons of Heth for the cave of Machpelah, and William Penn treating with the American Indians for the tract of land now called Pennsylvania! I leave others to draw the parallel, and to show how exactly the conduct and spirit of patriarch the first were exemplified in the conduct and spirit of patriarch the second. Let the righteous be had in everlasting remembrance!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Machpelah
- Abraham
- Ephron
- Christianity
- St
- Corinthians
Exposition: Genesis 23:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the field, and the cave that is therein, were made sure unto Abraham for a possession of a buryingplace by the sons of Heth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
11
Generated editorial witnesses
9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Gen 23:1
- Gen 23:2
- Gen 23:2-4
- Gen 23:5
- Gen 23:6
- Gen 23:7-9
- Gen 23:10
- Gen 23:11
- Gen 23:12
- Gen 23:13
- Gen 23:14
- Gen 23:15
- Gen 23:16-18
- Gen 23:19
- Gen 23:20
- Gal 4:22
- Gal 4:23
- Heb 11:11
- Gen 3:15
- Genesis 23:1
- Gen 22:19
- Genesis 23:2
- Isa 47:1
- Gen 37:35
- Genesis 23:3
- Heb 11:13-16
- 1Pet 2:11
- Genesis 23:4
- Genesis 23:5
- Genesis 23:6
- Genesis 23:7
- Genesis 23:8
- Genesis 23:9
- Genesis 23:10
- Genesis 23:11
- Genesis 23:12
- Genesis 23:13
- Genesis 23:14
- Gen 23:16
- Gen 20:16
- Genesis 23:15
- Genesis 23:16
- Genesis 23:17
- Genesis 23:18
- Genesis 23:19
- Genesis 23:20
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Jesus
- Sarah
- Heth
- Ephron
- Abraham
- St
- Paul
- Christ
- Hebrews
- Eve
- Mary
- Messiah
- Holy Ghost
- Bible
- He
- Adam
- Isaac
- Jacob
- Rebekah
- Leah
- Canaanite
- Anakim
- Sheshai
- Ahiman
- Talmai
- Judah
- Hebron
- Beersheba
- Elohim
- Machpelah
- Nay
- Dr
- Prideaux
- English
- Mamre
- Canaan
- Christianity
- Corinthians
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Commentary Witness
Genesis 23:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 23:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness