Apologetics Bible
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The Hebrew title בְּרֵאשִׁית (B'reishit — "In the beginning") identifies Genesis as the Ur-document of all biblical revelation. Moses compiled and wrote Genesis under divine inspiration (affirmed by Jesus in John 5:46; Luke 24:27), drawing on earlier written and oral sources (toledot records).
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Genesis_6
- Primary Witness Text: And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years. There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown. And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart. And the LORD said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air; for it repenteth me that I have made them. But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God. And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence. And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth. And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Genesis_6
- Chapter Blob Preview: And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years. There were gi...
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Chapter frame
The Hebrew title בְּרֵאשִׁית (B'reishit — "In the beginning") identifies Genesis as the Ur-document of all biblical revelation. Moses compiled and wrote Genesis under divine inspiration (affirmed by Jesus in John 5:46; Luke 24:27), drawing on earlier written and oral sources (toledot records).
Genesis addresses the deepest human questions: Origin, Identity, Fall, and Hope. Its apologetics force lies in presenting monotheistic creation, human dignity, the origin of evil, and the first redemptive promise (3:15) — each revolutionary in its ancient Near Eastern context where polytheism, fatalism, and cyclical time dominated all rival cosmologies.
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Genesis 6:1
Hebrew
וַֽיְהִי כִּֽי־הֵחֵל הֽ͏ָאָדָם לָרֹב עַל־פְּנֵי הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָה וּבָנוֹת יֻלְּדוּ לָהֶֽם׃vayehiy-khiy-hechel-ha'adam-larov-'al-feney-ha'adamah-vvanvot-yuledv-lahem
KJV: And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them,
AKJV: And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them,
ASV: And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born unto them,
YLT: And it cometh to pass that mankind have begun to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters have been born to them,
Exposition: Human multiplication sets the stage for intensified moral testing; numerical growth without covenant fidelity amplifies corruption.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Population pressure without moral restraint correlates with social fragmentation in human systems studies.
- Hebrew Grammar: Temporal introductory formula marks a narrative transition into pre-flood crisis.
- Historical Evidence: Genesis frames civilizational expansion as ethically ambivalent, unlike triumphalist ANE growth texts.
Genesis 6:2
Hebrew
וַיִּרְאוּ בְנֵי־הָֽאֱלֹהִים אֶת־בְּנוֹת הָֽאָדָם כִּי טֹבֹת הֵנָּה וַיִּקְחוּ לָהֶם נָשִׁים מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בָּחָֽרוּ׃vayire'v-veney-ha'elohiym-'et-venvot-ha'adam-khiy-tovot-henah-vayiqechv-lahem-nashiym-mikhol-'asher-vacharv
KJV: That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose.
AKJV: That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose.
ASV: that the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all that they chose.
YLT: and sons of God see the daughters of men that they are fair, and they take to themselves women of all whom they have chosen.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:2Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:2
Genesis 6:2 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:2
Exposition: The 'sons of God' debate highlights boundary transgression and covenant disorder; the text emphasizes rebellion, not mythic sensationalism.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Boundary-collapse models in social theory show how role confusion accelerates systemic instability.
- Hebrew Grammar: Repetitive taking-language mirrors later Torah violation patterns of illicit desire and seizure.
- Historical Evidence: Jewish tradition preserved multiple readings (angelic/Sethite), demonstrating early recognition of interpretive complexity.
Genesis 6:3
Hebrew
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה לֹֽא־יָדוֹן רוּחִי בָֽאָדָם לְעֹלָם בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר וְהָיוּ יָמָיו מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָֽה׃vayo'mer-yehvah-lo'-yadvon-rvchiy-va'adam-le'olam-veshagam-hv'-vashar-vehayv-yamayv-me'ah-ve'esheriym-shanah
KJV: And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years.
AKJV: And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years.
ASV: And Jehovah said, My Spirit shall not strive with man for ever, for that he also is flesh: yet shall his days be a hundred and twenty years.
YLT: And Jehovah saith, ‘My Spirit doth not strive in man--to the age; in their erring they are flesh:' and his days have been an hundred and twenty years.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:3
Verse 3 My spirit shall not always strive - It is only by the influence of the Spirit of God that the carnal mind can be subdued and destroyed; but those who wilfully resist and grieve that Spirit must be ultimately left to the hardness and blindness of their own hearts, if they do not repent and turn to God. God delights in mercy, and therefore a gracious warning is given. Even at this time the earth was ripe for destruction; but God promised them one hundred and twenty years' respite: if they repented in that interim, well; if not, they should be destroyed by a flood. See the note on Gen 6:5
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 6:5
Exposition: God's Spirit will not strive indefinitely; divine patience is real but not endless, and judgment has a moral deadline.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Delayed consequence models still require terminal thresholds; open-ended impunity destabilizes moral order.
- Hebrew Grammar: The limitation statement functions as juridical decree within narrative prose.
- Historical Evidence: Ancient flood traditions rarely center moral probation windows; Genesis uniquely does.
Genesis 6:4
Hebrew
הַנְּפִלִים הָיוּ בָאָרֶץ בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם וְגַם אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵן אֲשֶׁר יָבֹאוּ בְּנֵי הָֽאֱלֹהִים אֶל־בְּנוֹת הֽ͏ָאָדָם וְיָלְדוּ לָהֶם הֵמָּה הַגִּבֹּרִים אֲשֶׁר מֵעוֹלָם אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּֽׁם׃hanefiliym-hayv-va'aretz-vayamiym-hahem-vegam-'acharey-khen-'asher-yavo'v-veney-ha'elohiym-'el-venvot-ha'adam-veyaledv-lahem-hemah-hagivoriym-'asher-me'volam-'aneshey-hashem
KJV: There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.
AKJV: There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown. ¶
ASV: The Nephilim were in the earth in those days, and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them: the same were the mighty men that were of old, the men of renown.
YLT: The fallen ones were in the earth in those days, and even afterwards when sons of God come in unto daughters of men, and they have borne to them--they are the heroes, who, from of old, are the men of name.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:4Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:4
Genesis 6:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:4
Exposition: The Nephilim notice underscores human notoriety and violence culture, not heroic idealization.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Prestige-violence cycles are well documented; fame often tracks domination in pre-state societies.
- Hebrew Grammar: Parenthetical style provides contextual note rather than mainline covenant emphasis.
- Historical Evidence: ANE giant-warrior motifs are re-framed here under judgment theology rather than hero cult.
Genesis 6:5
Hebrew
וַיַּרְא יְהוָה כִּי רַבָּה רָעַת הָאָדָם בָּאָרֶץ וְכָל־יֵצֶר מַחְשְׁבֹת לִבּוֹ רַק רַע כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃vayare'-yehvah-khiy-ravah-ra'at-ha'adam-va'aretz-vekhal-yetzer-macheshevot-livvo-raq-ra'-khal-hayvom
KJV: And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
AKJV: And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
ASV: And Jehovah saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
YLT: And Jehovah seeth that abundant is the wickedness of man in the earth, and every imagination of the thoughts of his heart only evil all the day;
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:5
Verse 5 The wickedness of man was great - What an awful character does God give of the inhabitants of the antediluvian world! 1. They were flesh, (Gen 6:3), wholly sensual, the desires of the mind overwhelmed and lost in the desires of the flesh, their souls no longer discerning their high destiny, but ever minding earthly things, so that they were sensualized, brutalized, and become flesh; incarnated so as not to retain God in their knowledge, and they lived, seeking their portion in this life. 2. They were in a state of wickedness. All was corrupt within, and all unrighteous without; neither the science nor practice of religion existed. Piety was gone, and every form of sound words had disappeared. 3. This wickedness was great רבה rabbah, "was multiplied;" it was continually increasing and multiplying increase by increase, so that the whole earth was corrupt before God, and was filled with violence, (Gen 6:11); profligacy among the lower, and cruelty and oppression among the higher classes, being only predominant. 4. All the imaginations of their thoughts were evil - the very first embryo of every idea, the figment of every thought, the very materials out of which perception, conception, and ideas were formed, were all evil; the fountain which produced them, with every thought, purpose, wish, desire, and motive, was incurably poisoned. 5. All these were evil without any mixture of good - the Spirit of God which strove with them was continually resisted, so that evil had its sovereign sway. 6. They were evil continually - there was no interval of good, no moment allowed for serious reflection, no holy purpose, no righteous act. What a finished picture of a fallen soul! Such a picture as God alone, who searches the heart and tries the spirit, could possibly give. 7. To complete the whole, God represents himself as repenting because he had made them, and as grieved at the heart because of their iniquities! Had not these been voluntary transgressions, crimes which they might have avoided, had they not grieved and quenched the Spirit of God, could he speak of them in the manner he does here? 8. So incensed is the most holy and the most merciful God, that he is determined to destroy the work of his hands: And the Lord said, I will destroy man whom I have created; Gen 6:7. How great must the evil have been, and how provoking the transgressions, which obliged the most compassionate God, for the vindication of his own glory, to form this awful purpose! Fools make a mock at sin, but none except fools.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 6:3
- Gen 6:11
- Gen 6:7
Exposition: Genesis 6:5 presents the comprehensive diagnosis of human corruption: every inclination (yetzer) of the thoughts of the heart was only evil continually. The problem is not merely bad behavior but a disordered inner factory of desire and intention. This verse grounds the biblical doctrine of radical depravity — not that humans are as evil as possible, but that every faculty is touched by sin.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Behavioral science confirms that repeated moral compromise rewires decision pathways (habit loops, reinforcement learning), making future evil more likely. Scripture's depiction of compounding corruption is psychologically realistic.
- Hebrew Grammar: The construction is intentionally emphatic: kol yetzer machshevot libbo raq ra kol-hayyom (every inclination... only evil... all day). The repetition of universals (every/only/all) creates totalizing force.
- Historical Evidence: Ancient flood traditions (Mesopotamian Atrahasis, Gilgamesh) preserve memory of a catastrophic deluge, but Genesis uniquely grounds judgment in moral evil rather than divine caprice.
Genesis 6:6
Hebrew
וַיִּנָּחֶם יְהוָה כִּֽי־עָשָׂה אֶת־הֽ͏ָאָדָם בָּאָרֶץ וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל־לִבּֽוֹ׃vayinachem-yehvah-khiy-'ashah-'et-ha'adam-va'aretz-vayite'atzev-'el-livvo
KJV: And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.
AKJV: And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.
ASV: And it repented Jehovah that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.
YLT: and Jehovah repenteth that He hath made man in the earth, and He grieveth Himself--unto His heart.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:6Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:6
Genesis 6:6 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:6
Exposition: Divine 'regret' communicates relational grief, not error; God responds morally to human evil within covenant history.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Relational language can be analogical yet truth-bearing; anthropopathic expressions communicate moral stance.
- Hebrew Grammar: Hebrew grief idiom conveys deep displeasure and sorrow, not revision of divine omniscience.
- Historical Evidence: Classical theism interpreted this as accommodated language preserving both divine constancy and real moral engagement.
Genesis 6:7
Hebrew
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶמְחֶה אֶת־הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָאתִי מֵעַל פְּנֵי הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָה מֽ͏ֵאָדָם עַד־בְּהֵמָה עַד־רֶמֶשׂ וְעַד־עוֹף הַשָּׁמָיִם כִּי נִחַמְתִּי כִּי עֲשִׂיתִֽם׃vayo'mer-yehvah-'emecheh-'et-ha'adam-'asher-vara'tiy-me'al-feney-ha'adamah-me'adam-'ad-vehemah-'ad-remesh-ve'ad-'vof-hashamayim-khiy-nichametiy-khiy-'ashiytim
KJV: And the LORD said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air; for it repenteth me that I have made them.
AKJV: And the LORD said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air; for it repents me that I have made them.
ASV: And Jehovah said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the ground; both man, and beast, and creeping things, and birds of the heavens; for it repenteth me that I have made them.
YLT: And Jehovah saith, ‘I wipe away man whom I have prepared from off the face of the ground, from man unto beast, unto creeping thing, and unto fowl of the heavens, for I have repented that I have made them.’
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:7Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:7
Genesis 6:7 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the LORD said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air; for it repenteth me that I have made them.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:7
Exposition: Judgment extends across corrupted creation order, showing sin's social and ecological consequences.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Systemic corruption research confirms that human ethical collapse impacts wider living systems.
- Hebrew Grammar: Judgment formula is comprehensive in scope terms, signaling legal finality.
- Historical Evidence: Flood judgment traditions are widespread, but Genesis anchors catastrophe in ethical accountability.
Genesis 6:8
Hebrew
וְנֹחַ מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָֽה׃venocha-matza'-chen-ve'eyney-yehvah
KJV: But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD.
AKJV: But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. ¶
ASV: But Noah found favor in the eyes of Jehovah.
YLT: And Noah found grace in the eyes of Jehovah.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:8
Verse 8 Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord - Why? Because he was, 1. A just man, איש צדיק ish tsaddik, a man who gave to all their due; for this is the ideal meaning of the original word. 2. He was perfect in his generation - he was in all things a consistent character, never departing from the truth in principle or practice. 3. He walked with God - he was not only righteous in his conduct, but he was pious, and had continual communion with God. The same word is used here as before in the case of Enoch. See Gen 5:22.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 5:22
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Enoch
Exposition: 'But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD' marks the first explicit use of grace (chen) in Scripture. Judgment is real, but mercy interrupts history through covenant election. Noah is not chosen because he is sinless, but because God extends favor and establishes a redemptive line.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Moral collapse narratives across civilizations typically end in deterministic pessimism. The biblical narrative uniquely introduces grace as a non-deterministic intervention — redemption is possible because God acts.
- Hebrew Grammar: The waw-disjunctive opening (ve-Noach) creates a sharp contrast with verse 5: while humanity is universally corrupt, Noah stands as the divinely favored exception.
- Historical Evidence: Jewish and Christian tradition consistently interpret Noah as a type of salvation through judgment, with the ark functioning typologically as a vessel of covenant preservation (cf. 1 Peter 3:20-21).
Genesis 6:9
Hebrew
אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת נֹחַ נֹחַ אִישׁ צַדִּיק תָּמִים הָיָה בְּדֹֽרֹתָיו אֶת־הֽ͏ָאֱלֹהִים הִֽתְהַלֶּךְ־נֹֽחַ׃'eleh-tvoledot-nocha-nocha-'iysh-tzadiyq-tamiym-hayah-vedorotayv-'et-ha'elohiym-hitehalekhe-nocha
KJV: These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God.
AKJV: These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God.
ASV: These are the generations of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, andperfect in his generations: Noah walked with God.
YLT: These are births of Noah: Noah is a righteous man; perfect he hath been among his generations; with God hath Noah walked habitually.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:9Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:9
Genesis 6:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:9
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Noah
Exposition: Noah is described as righteous and blameless in his generation, not sinless absolutely; covenant fidelity distinguishes him from surrounding violence.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Minority moral resilience under corrupt majorities is a known social pattern in ethical leadership studies.
- Hebrew Grammar: Character triad (righteous/blameless/walked with God) echoes covenant identity formulas.
- Historical Evidence: Noah as preserved remnant establishes a recurring biblical pattern later seen in prophetic literature.
Genesis 6:10
Hebrew
וַיּוֹלֶד נֹחַ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָנִים אֶת־שֵׁם אֶת־חָם וְאֶת־יָֽפֶת׃vayvoled-nocha-sheloshah-vaniym-'et-shem-'et-cham-ve'et-yafet
KJV: And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
AKJV: And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
ASV: And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
YLT: And Noah begetteth three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:10Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:10
Genesis 6:10 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:10
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Shem
- Ham
- Japheth
Exposition: Naming Noah's sons advances continuity of promise through family line despite global judgment.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Genealogical continuity is central in identity-preservation systems after civilizational rupture.
- Hebrew Grammar: Brief genealogical insertion stabilizes narrative movement toward covenant preservation.
- Historical Evidence: Lineage anchoring mirrors broader Genesis toledot structuring.
Genesis 6:11
Hebrew
וַתִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ לִפְנֵי הֽ͏ָאֱלֹהִים וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ חָמָֽס׃vatishachet-ha'aretz-lifeney-ha'elohiym-vatimale'-ha'aretz-chamas
KJV: The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence.
AKJV: The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence.
ASV: And the earth was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence.
YLT: And the earth is corrupt before God, and the earth is filled with violence.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:11Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:11
Genesis 6:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:11
Exposition: The earth is corrupt and filled with violence; moral disorder is public and structural, not merely private.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Violence contagion models show rapid normalization when institutions fail to restrain aggression.
- Hebrew Grammar: Dual descriptors intensify scope: corruption plus violence as parallel diagnostics.
- Historical Evidence: Genesis diagnoses societal breakdown in terms that remain cross-culturally recognizable.
Genesis 6:12
Hebrew
וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְהִנֵּה נִשְׁחָתָה כִּֽי־הִשְׁחִית כָּל־בָּשָׂר אֶת־דַּרְכּוֹ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃vayare'-'elohiym-'et-ha'aretz-vehineh-nishechatah-khiy-hishechiyt-khal-vashar-'et-darekhvo-'al-ha'aretz
KJV: And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth.
AKJV: And God looked on the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted his way on the earth.
ASV: And God saw the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way upon the earth.
YLT: And God seeth the earth, and lo, it hath been corrupted, for all flesh hath corrupted its way on the earth.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:12Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:12
Genesis 6:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:12
Exposition: God's inspection confirms universal corruption; divine judgment is evidential, not arbitrary.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Assessment-before-sanction corresponds to procedural justice principles.
- Hebrew Grammar: The seeing-judging sequence mirrors earlier creation evaluation but in reversed moral polarity.
- Historical Evidence: This verse supports biblical themes of transparent divine justice.
Genesis 6:13
Hebrew
וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים לְנֹחַ קֵץ כָּל־בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי כִּֽי־מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם וְהִנְנִי מַשְׁחִיתָם אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃vayo'mer-'elohiym-lenocha-qetz-khal-vashar-va'-lefanay-khiy-male'ah-ha'aretz-chamas-mifeneyhem-vehineniy-mashechiytam-'et-ha'aretz
KJV: And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth.
AKJV: And God said to Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth. ¶
ASV: And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth.
YLT: And God said to Noah, ‘An end of all flesh hath come before Me, for the earth hath been full of violence from their presence; and lo, I am destroying them with the earth.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:13
Verse 13 I will destroy them with the earth - Not only the human race was to he destroyed, but all terrestrial animals, i.e. those which could not live in the waters. These must necessarily be destroyed when the whole surface of the earth was drowned. But destroying the earth may probably mean the alteration of its constitution. Dr. Woodward, in his natural history of the earth, has rendered it exceedingly probable that the whole terrestrial substance was amalgamated with the waters, after which the different materials of its composition settled in beds or strata according to their respective gravities. This theory, however, is disputed by others.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Dr
- Woodward
Exposition: God announces determined end because violence has filled the earth, linking judgment directly to ethical cause.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Causal moral framing distinguishes accountability narratives from fatalistic disaster accounts.
- Hebrew Grammar: Decisive decree language marks transition from diagnosis to sentence.
- Historical Evidence: Biblical judgment oracles consistently tie announced end to covenant breach and injustice.
Genesis 6:14
Hebrew
עֲשֵׂה לְךָ תֵּבַת עֲצֵי־גֹפֶר קִנִּים תּֽ͏ַעֲשֶׂה אֶת־הַתֵּבָה וְכָֽפַרְתָּ אֹתָהּ מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ בַּכֹּֽפֶר׃'asheh-lekha-tevat-'atzey-gofer-qiniym-ta'asheh-'et-hatevah-vekhafareta-'otah-mivayit-vmichvtz-vakhofer
KJV: Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
AKJV: Make you an ark of gopher wood; rooms shall you make in the ark, and shall pitch it within and without with pitch.
ASV: Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
YLT: ‘Make for thyself an ark of gopher-wood; rooms dost thou make with the ark, and thou hast covered it within and without with cypress;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:14
Genesis 6:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:14
Exposition: The command to build the ark is concrete, measurable, and public. God does not merely warn; He provides a means of rescue. Salvation in Scripture is always both declarative and embodied in covenant means — here in wood and pitch, later in cross and resurrection.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Ark dimensions (300 x 50 x 30 cubits) produce a vessel with strong stability ratio for rough water conditions. Naval architecture analyses have repeatedly noted the design's feasibility as a non-sailing survival barge.
- Hebrew Grammar: The repeated imperative sequence (make, pitch, construct) underscores obedience through enacted faith. Hebrew command chains often signal covenant response in narrative law contexts.
- Historical Evidence: Ancient flood accounts preserve vessel motifs, but Genesis alone binds the vessel directly to covenant promise and ethical judgment, not mythic conflict among gods.
Genesis 6:15
Hebrew
וְזֶה אֲשֶׁר תַּֽעֲשֶׂה אֹתָהּ שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת אַמָּה אֹרֶךְ הַתֵּבָה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה רָחְבָּהּ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה קוֹמָתָֽהּ׃vezeh-'asher-ta'asheh-'otah-shelosh-me'vot-'amah-'orekhe-hatevah-chamishiym-'amah-rachevah-vsheloshiym-'amah-qvomatah
KJV: And this is the fashion which thou shalt make it of: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits.
AKJV: And this is the fashion which you shall make it of: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits.
ASV: And this is how thou shalt make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits.
YLT: and this is that which thou dost with it: three hundred cubits is the length of the ark, fifty cubits its breadth, and thirty cubits its height;
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:15
Verse 15 Thou shalt make - the length of the ark - three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits - Allowing the cubit, which is the length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, to be eighteen inches, the ark must have been four hundred and fifty feet in length, seventy-five in breadth, and forty-five in height. But that the ancient cubit was more than eighteen inches has been demonstrated by Mr. Greaves, who traveled in Greece, Palestine, and Egypt, in order to be able to ascertain the weights, moneys, and measures of antiquity. He measured the pyramids in Egypt, and comparing the accounts which Herodotus, Strabo, and others, give of their size, he found the length of a cubit to be twenty-one inches and eight hundred and eighty-eight decimal parts out of a thousand, or nearly twenty-two inches. Hence the cube of a cubit is evidently ten thousand four hundred and eighty-six inches. And from this it will appear that the three hundred cubits of the ark's length make five hundred and forty-seven feet; the fifty for its breadth, ninety-one feet two inches; and the thirty for its height, fifty-four feet eight inches. When these dimensions are examined, the ark will be found to be a vessel whose capacity was more than sufficient to contain all persons and animals said to have been in it, with sufficient food for each for more than twelve months. This vessel Dr. Arbuthnot computes to have been eighty-one thousand and sixty-two tons in burden. As many have supposed the capacity of the ark to have been much too small for the things which were contained in it, it will be necessary to examine this subject thoroughly, that every difficulty may be removed. The things contained in the ark, besides the eight persons of Noah's family, were one pair of all unclean animals, and seven pairs of all clean animals with provisions for all sufficient for twelve months. At the first view the number of animals may appear so immense that no space but the forest could be thought sufficient to contain them. If, however, we come to a calculation, the number of the different genera or kinds of animals will be found much less than is generally imagined. It is a question whether in this account any but the different genera of animals necessary to be brought into the ark should be included Naturalists have divided the whole system of zoology into Classes and Orders, containing genera and species. There are six classes thus denominated: 1. Mammalia; 2. Aves; 3. Amphibia; 4. Pisces; 5. Insectae; 6. Vermes. With the three last of these, viz., fishes, insects, and worms, the question can have little to do. The first Class, Mammalia, or animals with teats, contains seven orders, and only forty-three genera if we except the seventh order, cete, i.e. all the whale kind, which certainly need not come into this account. The different species in this class amount, the cete excluded, to five hundred and forty-three. The second Class, Aves, birds, contains six orders, and only seventy-four genera, if we exclude the third order, anseres, or web-footed fowls, all of which could very well live in the water. The different species in this class, the anseres excepted, amount to two thousand three hundred and seventy-two. The third Class, Amphibia, contains only two orders, reptiles and serpents; these comprehend ten genera, and three hundred and sixty-six species, but of the reptiles many could live in the water, such as the tortoise, frog, etc. Of the former there are thirty-three species, of the latter seventeen, which excluded reduce the number to three hundred and sixteen. The whole of these would occupy but little room in the ark, for a small portion of earth, etc., in the hold would be sufficient for their accommodation. Bishop Wilkins, who has written largely and with his usual accuracy on this subject, supposes that quadrupeds do not amount to one hundred different kinds, nor birds which could not live in the water to two hundred. Of quadrupeds he shows that only seventy-two species needed a place in the ark, and the birds he divides into nine classes, including in the whole one hundred and ninety-five kinds, from which all the web-footed should be deducted, as these could live in the water. He computes all the carnivorous animals equivalent, as to the bulk of their bodies and food, to twenty-seven wolves; and all the rest to one hundred and eighty oxen. For the former he allows one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five sheep for their annual consumption; and for the latter, one hundred and nine thousand five hundred cubits of hay: these animals and their food will be easily contained In the two first stories, and much room to spare; as to the third story, no person can doubt its being sufficient for the fowls, with Noah and his family. One sheep each day he judges will be sufficient for six wolves; and a square cubit of hay, which contains forty-one pounds, as ordinarily pressed in our ricks, will he amply sufficient for one ox in the day. When the quantum of room which these animals and their provender required for one year, is compared with the capacity of the ark, we shall be led to conclude, with the learned bishop, "that of the two it is more difficult to assign a number and bulk of necessary things to answer to the capacity of the ark, than to find sufficient room for the several species of animals and their food already known to have been there." This he attributes to the imperfection of our lists of animals, especially those of the unknown parts of the earth; and adds, "that the most expert mathematicians at this day," and he was one of the first in Europe, "could not assign the proportion of a vessel better accommodated to the purpose than is here done;" and concludes thus: "The capacity of the ark, which has been made an objection against Scripture, ought to be esteemed a confirmation of its Divine authority; since, in those ruder ages men, being less versed in arts and philosophy, were more obnoxious to vulgar prejudices than now, so that had it been a human invention it would have been contrived, according to those wild apprehensions which arise from a confused and general view of things, as much too big as it has been represented too little." See Bishop Wilkins's Essay towards a Philosophical Character and Language.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Philo
- Mr
- Greaves
- Greece
- Palestine
- Egypt
- Herodotus
- Strabo
- Dr
- If
- Orders
- Mammalia
- Aves
- Amphibia
- Pisces
- Insectae
- Vermes
- Class
- Bishop Wilkins
- Europe
- Scripture
- Language
Exposition: Specific dimensions show salvation by revealed means, not vague spirituality; obedience includes concrete implementation.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Specified design constraints are typical of viable engineering instructions for survival contexts.
- Hebrew Grammar: Measurement commands give legal-technical precision within narrative form.
- Historical Evidence: Ancient sacred texts rarely include this level of practical specification in redemption scenes.
Genesis 6:16
Hebrew
צֹהַר ׀ תּֽ͏ַעֲשֶׂה לַתֵּבָה וְאֶל־אַמָּה תְּכַלֶנָּה מִלְמַעְלָה וּפֶתַח הַתֵּבָה בְּצִדָּהּ תָּשִׂים תַּחְתִּיִּם שְׁנִיִּם וּשְׁלִשִׁים תּֽ͏ַעֲשֶֽׂהָ׃tzohar- -ta'asheh-latevah-ve'el-'amah-tekhalenah-milema'elah-vfetach-hatevah-vetzidah-tashiym-tachetiyim-sheniyim-vshelishiym-ta'asheha
KJV: A window shalt thou make to the ark, and in a cubit shalt thou finish it above; and the door of the ark shalt thou set in the side thereof; with lower, second, and third stories shalt thou make it.
AKJV: A window shall you make to the ark, and in a cubit shall you finish it above; and the door of the ark shall you set in the side thereof; with lower, second, and third stories shall you make it.
ASV: A light shalt thou make to the ark, and to a cubit shalt thou finish it upward; and the door of the ark shalt thou set in the side thereof; with lower, second, and third stories shalt thou make it.
YLT: a window dost thou make for the ark, and unto a cubit thou dost restrain it from above; and the opening of the ark thou dost put in its side, --lower, second, and third stories dost thou make it.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:16
Verse 16 A window shalt thou make - What this was cannot be absolutely ascertained. The original word צהר tsohar signifies clear or bright; the Septuagint translate it by επωυναγων, "collecting, thou shalt make the ark," which plainly shows they did not understand the word as signifying any kind of window or light. Symmacbus translates it διαφανες, a transparency; and Aquila, μεσημβρινον, the noon. Jonathan ben Uzziel supposes that it was a precious luminous stone which Noah, by Divine command, brought from the river Pison. It is probably a word which should be taken in a collective sense, signifying apertures for air and light. In a cubit shalt thou finish it above - Probably meaning that the roof should be left a cubit broad at the apex or top, and that it should not terminate in a sharp ridge. But this place is variously understood.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Jonathan
- Aquila
- Noah
- Pison
Exposition: Ark structure (window, levels, door) presents ordered refuge, symbolizing God's provision of intelligible rescue.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Compartmentalization and ventilation are basic survivability design features in enclosed systems.
- Hebrew Grammar: Imperative chain continues covenant-obedience pattern through procedural detail.
- Historical Evidence: Jewish and Christian interpreters often saw typological links between ark door and exclusive salvation motifs.
Genesis 6:17
Hebrew
וַאֲנִי הִנְנִי מֵבִיא אֶת־הַמַּבּוּל מַיִם עַל־הָאָרֶץ לְשַׁחֵת כָּל־בָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמָיִם כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־בָּאָרֶץ יִגְוָֽע׃va'aniy-hineniy-meviy'-'et-hamavvl-mayim-'al-ha'aretz-leshachet-khal-vashar-'asher-vvo-rvcha-chayiym-mitachat-hashamayim-khol-'asher-va'aretz-yigeva'
KJV: And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; and every thing that is in the earth shall die.
AKJV: And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters on the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; and every thing that is in the earth shall die.
ASV: And I, behold, I do bring the flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; everything that is in the earth shall die.
YLT: ‘And I, lo, I am bringing in the deluge of waters on the earth to destroy all flesh, in which is a living spirit, from under the heavens; all that is in the earth doth expire.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:17
Verse 17 I-do bring a flood - מבול; mabbul; a word used only to designate the general deluge, being never applied to signify any other kind of inundation; and does not the Holy Spirit intend to show by this that no other flood was ever like this, and that it should continue to be the sole one of the kind? There have been many partial inundations in various countries, but never more than One general deluge; and we have God's promise, Gen 9:15, that there shall never be another.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 9:15
Exposition: God announces the flood as judicial act, not random catastrophe; creation's breath-life stands under Creator authority.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Hazard events interpreted through moral frameworks shape long-term communal ethics and law formation.
- Hebrew Grammar: First-person divine assertion emphasizes agency and covenant courtroom tone.
- Historical Evidence: Genesis differs from polytheist flood myths by moral monotheistic causation.
Genesis 6:18
Hebrew
וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי אִתָּךְ וּבָאתָ אֶל־הַתֵּבָה אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ וְאִשְׁתְּךָ וּנְשֵֽׁי־בָנֶיךָ אִתָּֽךְ׃vahaqimotiy-'et-veriytiy-'itakhe-vva'ta-'el-hatevah-'atah-vvaneykha-ve'ishetekha-vneshey-vaneykha-'itakhe
KJV: But with thee will I establish my covenant; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons’ wives with thee.
AKJV: But with you will I establish my covenant; and you shall come into the ark, you, and your sons, and your wife, and your sons’ wives with you.
ASV: But I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons’ wives with thee.
YLT: ‘And I have established My covenant with thee, and thou hast come in unto the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy son's wives with thee;
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:18
Verse 18 With thee will I establish my covenant - The word ברית berith, from בר bar, to purify or cleanse, signifies properly a purification or purifier, (see on Genesis 15 (note)), because in all covenants made between God and man, sin and sinfulness were ever supposed to be on man's side, and that God could not enter into any covenant or engagement with him without a purifier; hence, in all covenants, a sacrifice was offered for the removal of offenses, and the reconciliation of God to the sinner; and hence the word ברית berith signifies not only a covenant, but also the sacrifice offered on the occasion, Exo 24:8; Psa 50:5; and Jesus Christ, the great atonement and purifier, has the same word for his title, Isa 42:6; Isa 49:8; and Zac 9:11. Almost all nations, in forming alliances, etc., made their covenants or contracts in the same way. A sacrifice was provided, its throat was cut, and its blood poured out before God; then the whole carcass was divided through the spinal marrow from the head to the rump; so as to make exactly two equal parts; these were placed opposite to each other, and the contracting parties passed between them, or entering at opposite ends met in the center, and there took the covenant oath. This is particularly referred to by Jeremiah, Jer 34:18, Jer 34:19, Jer 34:20 : "I will give the men (into the hands of their enemies, Jer 34:20) that have transgressed my covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they made before me, when they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof," etc. See also Deu 29:12. A covenant, says Mr. Ainsworth, is a disposition of good things faithfully declared, which God here calls his, as arising from his grace towards Noah (Gen 6:8) and all men; but implying also conditions on man's part, and therefore is called our covenant, Zac 9:11. The apostles call it διαθηκη, a testament or disposition; and it is mixed of the properties both of covenant and testament, as the apostle shows, Heb 9:16, etc., and of both may be named a testamental covenant, whereby the disposing of God's favors and good things to us is declared. The covenant made with Noah signified, on God's part, that he should save Noah and his family from death by the ark. On Noah's part, that he should in faith and obedience make and enter into the ark - Thou shalt come into the ark, etc., so committing himself to God's preservation, Heb 11:7. And under this the covenant or testament of eternal salvation by Christ was also implied, the apostle testifying, 1Pet 3:21, that the antitype, baptism, doth also now save us; for baptism is a seal of our salvation, Mar 16:16. To provide a Savior, and the means of salvation, is God's part: to accept this Savior, laying hold on the hope set before us, is ours. Those who refuse the way and means of salvation must perish; those who accept of the great Covenant Sacrifice cannot perish, but shall have eternal life. See on Gen 15:10 (note), etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Isa 42:6
- Isa 49:8
- Jer 34:18
- Jer 34:19
- Jer 34:20
- Gen 6:8
- Heb 9:16
- Heb 11:7
- 1Pet 3:21
- Gen 15:10
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Jesus
- Jesus Christ
- Jeremiah
- Mr
- Ainsworth
- Savior
Exposition: Covenant is established with Noah before deliverance is fully seen, showing promise preceding visible outcome.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Commitment under uncertainty is central to trust-based action systems.
- Hebrew Grammar: Covenant verb marks first explicit berit trajectory in the primeval narrative.
- Historical Evidence: Noahic covenant forms a foundational layer for later Abrahamic and Mosaic covenant theology.
Genesis 6:19
Hebrew
וּמִכָּל־הָחַי מִֽכָּל־בָּשָׂר שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל תָּבִיא אֶל־הַתֵּבָה לְהַחֲיֹת אִתָּךְ זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃vmikhal-hachay-mikhal-vashar-shenayim-mikhol-taviy'-'el-hatevah-lehachayot-'itakhe-zakhar-vneqevah-yiheyv
KJV: And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shalt thou bring into the ark, to keep them alive with thee; they shall be male and female.
AKJV: And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shall you bring into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female.
ASV: And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shalt thou bring into the ark, to keep them alive with thee; they shall be male and female.
YLT: and of all that liveth, of all flesh, two of every sort thou dost bring in unto the ark, to keep alive with thee; male and female are they.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:19
Verse 19 To keep them alive - God might have destroyed all the animal creation, and created others to occupy the new world, but he chose rather to preserve those already created. The Creator and Preserver of the universe does nothing but what is essentially necessary to be done. Nothing should be wantonly wasted; nor should power or skill be lavished where no necessity exists; and yet it required more means and economy to preserve the old than to have created new ones. Such respect has God to the work of his hands, that nothing but what is essential to the credit of his justice and holiness shall ever induce him to destroy any thing he has made.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Preservation of life through ordered pairs reveals God's judgment and mercy operating together.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Biodiversity preservation logic anticipates the necessity of reproductive continuity after catastrophic bottlenecks.
- Hebrew Grammar: Pairing command emphasizes intentional preservation rather than accidental survival.
- Historical Evidence: Theological memory of species-preservation shaped later stewardship traditions.
Genesis 6:20
Hebrew
מֵהָעוֹף לְמִינֵהוּ וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָה לְמִינָהּ מִכֹּל רֶמֶשׂ הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָה לְמִינֵהוּ שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל יָבֹאוּ אֵלֶיךָ לְהֽ͏ַחֲיֽוֹת׃meha'vof-lemiynehv-vmin-havehemah-lemiynah-mikhol-remesh-ha'adamah-lemiynehv-shenayim-mikhol-yavo'v-'eleykha-lehachayvot
KJV: Of fowls after their kind, and of cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the earth after his kind, two of every sort shall come unto thee, to keep them alive.
AKJV: Of fowls after their kind, and of cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the earth after his kind, two of every sort shall come to you, to keep them alive.
ASV: Of the birds after their kind, and of the cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every sort shall come unto thee, to keep them alive.
YLT: Of the fowl after its kind, and of the cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every sort they come in unto thee, to keep alive.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:20Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:20
Genesis 6:20 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Of fowls after their kind, and of cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the earth after his kind, two of every sort shall come unto thee, to keep them alive.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:20
Exposition: Creature kinds are sustained under divine providence; creation order remains meaningful even under judgment.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Taxonomic grouping in pre-modern texts reflects practical ecological observation frameworks.
- Hebrew Grammar: Repetition by creature class reinforces ordered scope.
- Historical Evidence: The verse contributed to longstanding debates on kinds, adaptation, and continuity.
Genesis 6:21
Hebrew
וְאַתָּה קַח־לְךָ מִכָּל־מֽ͏ַאֲכָל אֲשֶׁר יֽ͏ֵאָכֵל וְאָסַפְתָּ אֵלֶיךָ וְהָיָה לְךָ וְלָהֶם לְאָכְלָֽה׃ve'atah-qach-lekha-mikhal-ma'akhal-'asher-ye'akhel-ve'asafeta-'eleykha-vehayah-lekha-velahem-le'akhelah
KJV: And take thou unto thee of all food that is eaten, and thou shalt gather it to thee; and it shall be for food for thee, and for them.
AKJV: And take you to you of all food that is eaten, and you shall gather it to you; and it shall be for food for you, and for them.
ASV: And take thou unto thee of all food that is eaten, and gather it to thee; and it shall be for food for thee, and for them.
YLT: ‘And thou, take to thyself of all food that is eaten; and thou hast gathered unto thyself, and it hath been to thee and to them for food.’
Commentary Witness (Generated)Genesis 6:21Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Genesis 6:21
Genesis 6:21 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And take thou unto thee of all food that is eaten, and thou shalt gather it to thee; and it shall be for food for thee, and for them.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Genesis 6:21
Exposition: Noah must gather food, underscoring that faith obeys through practical labor as well as trust.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Disaster preparedness requires logistics; spirituality and planning are not opposites.
- Hebrew Grammar: Provision command broadens obedience from structure to sustained life support.
- Historical Evidence: Biblical piety repeatedly joins prayer with prudent preparation.
Genesis 6:22
Hebrew
וַיַּעַשׂ נֹחַ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֹתוֹ אֱלֹהִים כֵּן עָשָֽׂה׃vaya'ash-nocha-khekhol-'asher-tzivah-'otvo-'elohiym-khen-'ashah
KJV: Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he.
AKJV: Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he.
ASV: Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he.
YLT: And Noah doth according to all that God hath commanded him; so hath he done.
Commentary WitnessGenesis 6:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:22
Verse 22 Thus did Noah - He prepared the ark; and during one hundred and twenty years preached righteousness to that sinful generation, 2Pet 2:5. And this we are informed, 1Pet 3:18, 1Pet 3:19, etc., he did by the Spirit of Christ; for it was only through him that the doctrine of repentance could ever be successfully preached. The people in Noah's time are represented as shut up in prison - arrested and condemned by God's justice, but graciously allowed the space of one hundred and twenty years to repent in. This respite was an act of great mercy; and no doubt thousands who died in the interim availed themselves of it, and believed to the saving of their souls. But the great majority of the people did not, else the flood had never come.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- 2Pet 2:5
- 1Pet 3:18
- 1Pet 3:19
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Christ
Exposition: Noah does all God commanded, presenting obedience as the decisive mark of covenant faith.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: Execution fidelity is often the difference between survival plans and failure outcomes.
- Hebrew Grammar: Summary obedience formula closes the chapter with covenant resolution.
- Historical Evidence: Noah's obedience became paradigmatic in later Jewish and Christian faith ethics (Hebrews 11).
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
11
Generated editorial witnesses
11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Gen 6:1
- Gen 6:2
- Gen 6:3
- Gen 6:4
- Gen 6:5
- Gen 6:6
- Gen 6:7
- Gen 6:8
- Gen 6:9
- Gen 6:10
- Gen 6:11
- Gen 6:12
- Gen 6:13
- Gen 6:14-16
- Gen 6:17
- Gen 6:18
- Gen 6:19
- Gen 6:20
- Gen 6:21
- Gen 6:22
- Joh 3:3
- Joh 3:5
- Joh 3:6
- Gal 5:6
- Genesis 6:1
- Genesis 6:2
- Genesis 6:3
- Genesis 6:4
- Genesis 6:5
- Genesis 6:6
- Genesis 6:7
- Gen 5:22
- Genesis 6:8
- Genesis 6:9
- Genesis 6:10
- Genesis 6:11
- Genesis 6:12
- Genesis 6:13
- Genesis 6:14
- Genesis 6:15
- Genesis 6:16
- Gen 9:15
- Genesis 6:17
- Isa 42:6
- Isa 49:8
- Jer 34:18
- Jer 34:19
- Jer 34:20
- Heb 9:16
- Heb 11:7
- 1Pet 3:21
- Gen 15:10
- Genesis 6:18
- Genesis 6:19
- Genesis 6:20
- Genesis 6:21
- 2Pet 2:5
- 1Pet 3:18
- 1Pet 3:19
- Genesis 6:22
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Ovid
- Noah
- Holy Spirit
- Dr
- Enoch
- Shem
- Ham
- Japheth
- Woodward
- Philo
- Mr
- Greaves
- Greece
- Palestine
- Egypt
- Herodotus
- Strabo
- If
- Orders
- Mammalia
- Aves
- Amphibia
- Pisces
- Insectae
- Vermes
- Class
- Bishop Wilkins
- Europe
- Scripture
- Language
- Septuagint
- Jonathan
- Aquila
- Pison
- Jesus
- Jesus Christ
- Jeremiah
- Ainsworth
- Savior
- Christ
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Commentary Witness
Genesis 6:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Genesis 6:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness