Apologetics Bible

Hebrews 12:1

Greek

Τοιγαροῦν καὶ ἡμεῖς, τοσοῦτον ἔχοντες περικείμενον ἡμῖν νέφος μαρτύρων, ὄγκον ἀποθέμενοι πάντα καὶ τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν, διʼ ὑπομονῆς τρέχωμεν τὸν προκείμενον ἡμῖν ἀγῶνα,

Toigaroyn kai emeis, tosoyton echontes perikeimenon emin nephos martyron, ogkon apothemenoi panta kai ten eyperistaton amartian, di ypomones trechomen ton prokeimenon emin agona,

KJV: Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

AKJV: Why seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which does so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

ASV: Therefore let us also, seeing we are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

YLT: Therefore, we also having so great a cloud of witnesses set around us, every weight having put off, and the closely besetting sin, through endurance may we run the contest that is set before us,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:2

Greek

ἀφορῶντες εἰς τὸν τῆς πίστεως ἀρχηγὸν καὶ τελειωτὴν Ἰησοῦν, ὃς ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς ὑπέμεινεν σταυρὸν αἰσχύνης καταφρονήσας, ἐν δεξιᾷ τε τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ θεοῦ κεκάθικεν.

aphorontes eis ton tes pisteos archegon kai teleioten Iesoyn, os anti tes prokeimenes ayto charas ypemeinen stayron aischynes kataphronesas, en dexia te toy thronoy toy theoy kekathiken.

KJV: Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.

AKJV: Looking to Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.

ASV: looking unto Jesus the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising shame, and hath sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.

YLT: looking to the author and perfecter of faith--Jesus, who, over-against the joy set before him--did endure a cross, shame having despised, on the right hand also of the throne of God did sit down;

Exposition: Hebrews 12:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:3

Greek

Ἀναλογίσασθε γὰρ τὸν τοιαύτην ὑπομεμενηκότα ὑπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν εἰς ⸀ἑαυτοὺς ἀντιλογίαν, ἵνα μὴ κάμητε ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν ἐκλυόμενοι.

Analogisasthe gar ton toiayten ypomemenekota ypo ton amartolon eis eaytoys antilogian, ina me kamete tais psychais ymon eklyomenoi.

KJV: For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself, lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds.

AKJV: For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself, lest you be wearied and faint in your minds.

ASV: For consider him that hath endured such gainsaying of sinners against himself, that ye wax not weary, fainting in your souls.

YLT: for consider again him who endured such gainsaying from the sinners to himself, that ye may not be wearied in your souls--being faint.

Exposition: Hebrews 12:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself, lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:4

Greek

οὔπω μέχρις αἵματος ἀντικατέστητε πρὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνταγωνιζόμενοι,

oypo mechris aimatos antikatestete pros ten amartian antagonizomenoi,

KJV: Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against sin.

AKJV: You have not yet resisted to blood, striving against sin.

ASV: Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against sin:

YLT: Not yet unto blood did ye resist--with the sin striving;

Exposition: Hebrews 12:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against sin.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:5

Greek

καὶ ἐκλέλησθε τῆς παρακλήσεως, ἥτις ὑμῖν ὡς υἱοῖς διαλέγεται, Υἱέ μου, μὴ ὀλιγώρει παιδείας κυρίου, μηδὲ ἐκλύου ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος·

kai eklelesthe tes parakleseos, etis ymin os yiois dialegetai, Yie moy, me oligorei paideias kyrioy, mede eklyoy yp aytoy elegchomenos·

KJV: And ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh unto you as unto children, My son, despise not thou the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him:

AKJV: And you have forgotten the exhortation which speaks to you as to children, My son, despise not you the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when you are rebuked of him:

ASV: and ye have forgotten the exhortation which reasoneth with you as with sons, My son, regard not lightly the chastening of the Lord,

YLT: and ye have forgotten the exhortation that doth speak fully with you as with sons, `My son, be not despising chastening of the Lord, nor be faint, being reproved by Him,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh unto you as unto children, My son, despise not thou the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:6

Greek

ὃν γὰρ ἀγαπᾷ κύριος παιδεύει, μαστιγοῖ δὲ πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται.

on gar agapa kyrios paideyei, mastigoi de panta yion on paradechetai.

KJV: For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth.

AKJV: For whom the Lord loves he chastens, and whips every son whom he receives.

ASV: For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth,

YLT: for whom the Lord doth love He doth chasten, and He scourgeth every son whom He receiveth;'

Exposition: Hebrews 12:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:7

Greek

εἰς παιδείαν ὑπομένετε· ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ θεός· τίς ⸀γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ;

eis paideian ypomenete· os yiois ymin prospheretai o theos· tis gar yios on oy paideyei pater;

KJV: If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not?

AKJV: If you endure chastening, God deals with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chastens not?

ASV: It is for chastening that ye endure; God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is there whom his father chasteneth not?

YLT: if chastening ye endure, as to sons God beareth Himself to you, for who is a son whom a father doth not chasten?

Exposition: Hebrews 12:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:8

Greek

εἰ δὲ χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασι πάντες, ἄρα νόθοι ⸂καὶ οὐχ υἱοί ἐστε⸃.

ei de choris este paideias es metochoi gegonasi pantes, ara nothoi kai oych yioi este.

KJV: But if ye be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons.

AKJV: But if you be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are you bastards, and not sons.

ASV: But if ye are without chastening, whereof all have been made partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons.

YLT: and if ye are apart from chastening, of which all have become partakers, then bastards are ye, and not sons.

Exposition: Hebrews 12:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But if ye be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:9

Greek

εἶτα τοὺς μὲν τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας εἴχομεν παιδευτὰς καὶ ἐνετρεπόμεθα· οὐ ⸀πολὺ μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ ζήσομεν;

eita toys men tes sarkos emon pateras eichomen paideytas kai enetrepometha· oy poly mallon ypotagesometha to patri ton pneymaton kai zesomen;

KJV: Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live?

AKJV: Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection to the Father of spirits, and live?

ASV: Furthermore, we had the fathers of our flesh to chasten us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live?

YLT: Then, indeed, fathers of our flesh we have had, chastising us , and we were reverencing them ; shall we not much rather be subject to the Father of the spirits, and live?

Exposition: Hebrews 12:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:10

Greek

οἱ μὲν γὰρ πρὸς ὀλίγας ἡμέρας κατὰ τὸ δοκοῦν αὐτοῖς ἐπαίδευον, ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ συμφέρον εἰς τὸ μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἁγιότητος αὐτοῦ.

oi men gar pros oligas emeras kata to dokoyn aytois epaideyon, o de epi to sympheron eis to metalabein tes agiotetos aytoy.

KJV: For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness.

AKJV: For they truly for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness.

ASV: For they indeed for a few days chastened us as seemed good to them; but he for our profit, that we may be partakers of his holiness.

YLT: for they, indeed, for a few days, according to what seemed good to them, were chastening, but He for profit, to be partakers of His separation;

Exposition: Hebrews 12:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:11

Greek

πᾶσα ⸀δὲ παιδεία πρὸς μὲν τὸ παρὸν οὐ δοκεῖ χαρᾶς εἶναι ἀλλὰ λύπης, ὕστερον δὲ καρπὸν εἰρηνικὸν τοῖς διʼ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις ἀποδίδωσιν δικαιοσύνης.

pasa de paideia pros men to paron oy dokei charas einai alla lypes, ysteron de karpon eirenikon tois di aytes gegymnasmenois apodidosin dikaiosynes.

KJV: Now no chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby.

AKJV: Now no chastening for the present seems to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yields the peaceable fruit of righteousness to them which are exercised thereby.

ASV: All chastening seemeth for the present to be not joyous but grievous; yet afterward it yieldeth peaceable fruit unto them that have been exercised thereby, even the fruit of righteousness.

YLT: and all chastening for the present, indeed, doth not seem to be of joy, but of sorrow, yet afterward the peaceable fruit of righteousness to those exercised through it--it doth yield.

Exposition: Hebrews 12:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now no chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:12

Greek

Διὸ τὰς παρειμένας χεῖρας καὶ τὰ παραλελυμένα γόνατα ἀνορθώσατε,

Dio tas pareimenas cheiras kai ta paralelymena gonata anorthosate,

KJV: Wherefore lift up the hands which hang down, and the feeble knees;

AKJV: Why lift up the hands which hang down, and the feeble knees;

ASV: Wherefore lift up the hands that hang down, and the palsied knees;

YLT: Wherefore, the hanging-down hands and the loosened knees set ye up;

Exposition: Hebrews 12:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore lift up the hands which hang down, and the feeble knees;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:13

Greek

καὶ τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς ⸀ποιεῖτε τοῖς ποσὶν ὑμῶν, ἵνα μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ, ἰαθῇ δὲ μᾶλλον.

kai trochias orthas poieite tois posin ymon, ina me to cholon ektrape, iathe de mallon.

KJV: And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed.

AKJV: And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed.

ASV: and make straight paths for your feet, that that which is lame be not turned out of the way, but rather be healed.

YLT: and straight paths make for your feet, that that which is lame may not be turned aside, but rather be healed;

Exposition: Hebrews 12:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:14

Greek

Εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων, καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν κύριον,

Eirenen diokete meta panton, kai ton agiasmon, oy choris oydeis opsetai ton kyrion,

KJV: Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord:

AKJV: Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord:

ASV: Follow after peace with all men, and the sanctification without which no man shall see the Lord:

YLT: peace pursue with all, and the separation, apart from which no one shall see the Lord,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:15

Greek

ἐπισκοποῦντες μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ, μή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ καὶ ⸂διʼ αὐτῆς⸃ μιανθῶσιν ⸀πολλοί,

episkopoyntes me tis ysteron apo tes charitos toy theoy, me tis riza pikrias ano phyoysa enochle kai di aytes mianthosin polloi,

KJV: Looking diligently lest any man fail of the grace of God; lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and thereby many be defiled;

AKJV: Looking diligently lest any man fail of the grace of God; lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and thereby many be defiled;

ASV: looking carefully lestthere beany man that falleth short of the grace of God; lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and thereby the many be defiled;

YLT: looking diligently over lest any one be failing of the grace of God, lest any root of bitterness springing up may give trouble, and through this many may be defiled;

Exposition: Hebrews 12:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Looking diligently lest any man fail of the grace of God; lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and thereby many be defiled;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:16

Greek

μή τις πόρνος ἢ βέβηλος ὡς Ἠσαῦ, ὃς ἀντὶ βρώσεως μιᾶς ἀπέδετο τὰ πρωτοτόκια ⸀ἑαυτοῦ.

me tis pornos e bebelos os Esay, os anti broseos mias apedeto ta prototokia eaytoy.

KJV: Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright.

AKJV: Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright.

ASV: lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one mess of meat sold his own birthright.

YLT: lest any one be a fornicator, or a profane person, as Esau, who in exchange for one morsel of food did sell his birthright,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:17

Greek

ἴστε γὰρ ὅτι καὶ μετέπειτα θέλων κληρονομῆσαι τὴν εὐλογίαν ἀπεδοκιμάσθη, μετανοίας γὰρ τόπον οὐχ εὗρεν, καίπερ μετὰ δακρύων ἐκζητήσας αὐτήν.

iste gar oti kai metepeita thelon kleronomesai ten eylogian apedokimasthe, metanoias gar topon oych eyren, kaiper meta dakryon ekzetesas ayten.

KJV: For ye know how that afterward, when he would have inherited the blessing, he was rejected: for he found no place of repentance, though he sought it carefully with tears.

AKJV: For you know how that afterward, when he would have inherited the blessing, he was rejected: for he found no place of repentance, though he sought it carefully with tears.

ASV: For ye know that even when he afterward desired to inherit the blessing, he was rejected; for he found no place for a change of mind in his father, though he sought it diligently with tears.

YLT: for ye know that also afterwards, wishing to inherit the blessing, he was disapproved of, for a place of reformation he found not, though with tears having sought it.

Exposition: Hebrews 12:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For ye know how that afterward, when he would have inherited the blessing, he was rejected: for he found no place of repentance, though he sought it carefully with tears.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:18

Greek

Οὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε ⸀ψηλαφωμένῳ καὶ κεκαυμένῳ πυρὶ καὶ γνόφῳ καὶ ⸀ζόφῳ καὶ θυέλλῃ

Oy gar proselelythate pselaphomeno kai kekaymeno pyri kai gnopho kai zopho kai thyelle

KJV: For ye are not come unto the mount that might be touched, and that burned with fire, nor unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest,

AKJV: For you are not come to the mount that might be touched, and that burned with fire, nor to blackness, and darkness, and tempest,

ASV: For ye are not come unto a mount that might be touched, and that burned with fire, and unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest,

YLT: For ye came not near to the mount touched and scorched with fire, and to blackness, and darkness, and tempest,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For ye are not come unto the mount that might be touched, and that burned with fire, nor unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:19

Greek

καὶ σάλπιγγος ἤχῳ καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο ⸀μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον·

kai salpiggos echo kai phone rematon, es oi akoysantes paretesanto me prostethenai aytois logon·

KJV: And the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice they that heard intreated that the word should not be spoken to them any more:

AKJV: And the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice they that heard entreated that the word should not be spoken to them any more:

ASV: and the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice they that heard entreated that no word more should be spoken unto them;

YLT: and a sound of a trumpet, and a voice of sayings, which those having heard did entreat that a word might not be added to them,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice they that heard intreated that the word should not be spoken to them any more:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:20

Greek

οὐκ ἔφερον γὰρ τὸ διαστελλόμενον· Κἂν θηρίον θίγῃ τοῦ ὄρους, λιθοβοληθήσεται·

oyk epheron gar to diastellomenon· Kan therion thige toy oroys, lithobolethesetai·

KJV: (For they could not endure that which was commanded, And if so much as a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart:

AKJV: (For they could not endure that which was commanded, And if so much as a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart:

ASV: for they could not endure that which was enjoined, If even a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned;

YLT: for they were not bearing that which is commanded, `And if a beast may touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or with an arrow shot through,'

Exposition: Hebrews 12:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(For they could not endure that which was commanded, And if so much as a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:21

Greek

καί, οὕτω φοβερὸν ἦν τὸ φανταζόμενον, Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν· Ἔκφοβός εἰμι καὶ ἔντρομος.

kai, oyto phoberon en to phantazomenon, Moyses eipen· Ekphobos eimi kai entromos.

KJV: And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:)

AKJV: And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:)

ASV: and so fearful was the appearance, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:

YLT: and, (so terrible was the sight,) Moses said, `I am fearful exceedingly, and trembling.'

Exposition: Hebrews 12:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:22

Greek

ἀλλὰ προσεληλύθατε Σιὼν ὄρει καὶ πόλει θεοῦ ζῶντος, Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουρανίῳ, καὶ μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων, πανηγύρει

alla proselelythate Sion orei kai polei theoy zontos, Ieroysalem epoyranio, kai myriasin aggelon, panegyrei

KJV: But ye are come unto mount Sion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels,

AKJV: But you are come to mount Sion, and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels,

ASV: but ye are come unto mount Zion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to innumerable hosts of angels,

YLT: But, ye came to Mount Zion, and to a city of the living God, to the heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of messengers,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But ye are come unto mount Sion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:23

Greek

καὶ ἐκκλησίᾳ πρωτοτόκων ⸂ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς⸃, καὶ κριτῇ θεῷ πάντων, καὶ πνεύμασι δικαίων τετελειωμένων,

kai ekklesia prototokon apogegrammenon en oyranois, kai krite theo panton, kai pneymasi dikaion teteleiomenon,

KJV: To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

AKJV: To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

ASV: to the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

YLT: to the company and assembly of the first-born in heaven enrolled, and to God the judge of all, and to spirits of righteous men made perfect,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:24

Greek

καὶ διαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἅβελ.

kai diathekes neas mesite Iesoy, kai aimati rantismoy kreitton laloynti para ton Abel.

KJV: And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel.

AKJV: And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaks better things than that of Abel.

ASV: and to Jesus the mediator of a new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling that speaketh better than that of Abel.

YLT: and to a mediator of a new covenant--Jesus, and to blood of sprinkling, speaking better things than that of Abel!

Exposition: Hebrews 12:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:25

Greek

Βλέπετε μὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα· εἰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ⸀ἐξέφυγον ⸂ἐπὶ γῆς παραιτησάμενοι τὸν⸃ χρηματίζοντα, ⸀πολὺ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπʼ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι·

Blepete me paraitesesthe ton laloynta· ei gar ekeinoi oyk exephygon epi ges paraitesamenoi ton chrematizonta, poly mallon emeis oi ton ap oyranon apostrephomenoi·

KJV: See that ye refuse not him that speaketh. For if they escaped not who refused him that spake on earth, much more shall not we escape, if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven:

AKJV: See that you refuse not him that speaks. For if they escaped not who refused him that spoke on earth, much more shall not we escape, if we turn away from him that speaks from heaven:

ASV: See that ye refuse not him that speaketh. For if they escaped not when they refused him that warned them on earth, much more shall not we escape who turn away from him that warneth from heaven:

YLT: See, may ye not refuse him who is speaking, for if those did not escape who refused him who upon earth was divinely speaking--much less we who do turn away from him who speaketh from heaven,

Exposition: Hebrews 12:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'See that ye refuse not him that speaketh. For if they escaped not who refused him that spake on earth, much more shall not we escape, if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:26

Greek

οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν τότε, νῦν δὲ ἐπήγγελται λέγων· Ἔτι ἅπαξ ἐγὼ ⸀σείσω οὐ μόνον τὴν γῆν ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν οὐρανόν.

oy e phone ten gen esaleysen tote, nyn de epeggeltai legon· Eti apax ego seiso oy monon ten gen alla kai ton oyranon.

KJV: Whose voice then shook the earth: but now he hath promised, saying, Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven.

AKJV: Whose voice then shook the earth: but now he has promised, saying, Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven.

ASV: whose voice then shook the earth: but now he hath promised, saying, Yet once more will I make to tremble not the earth only, but also the heaven.

YLT: whose voice the earth shook then, and now hath he promised, saying, `Yet once--I shake not only the earth, but also the heaven;'

Exposition: Hebrews 12:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Whose voice then shook the earth: but now he hath promised, saying, Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:27

Greek

τὸ δὲ Ἔτι ἅπαξ δηλοῖ ⸂τῶν σαλευομένων⸃ μετάθεσιν ὡς πεποιημένων, ἵνα μείνῃ τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα.

to de Eti apax deloi ton saleyomenon metathesin os pepoiemenon, ina meine ta me saleyomena.

KJV: And this word, Yet once more, signifieth the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that are made, that those things which cannot be shaken may remain.

AKJV: And this word, Yet once more, signifies the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that are made, that those things which cannot be shaken may remain.

ASV: And this word, Yet once more, signifieth the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that have been made, that those things which are not shaken may remain.

YLT: and this--`Yet once' --doth make evident the removal of the things shaken, as of things having been made, that the things not shaken may remain;

Exposition: Hebrews 12:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And this word, Yet once more, signifieth the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that are made, that those things which cannot be shaken may remain.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:28

Greek

διὸ βασιλείαν ἀσάλευτον παραλαμβάνοντες ἔχωμεν χάριν, διʼ ἧς ⸀λατρεύωμεν εὐαρέστως τῷ θεῷ μετὰ ⸂εὐλαβείας καὶ δέους⸃,

dio basileian asaleyton paralambanontes echomen charin, di es latreyomen eyarestos to theo meta eylabeias kai deoys,

KJV: Wherefore we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear:

AKJV: Why we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear:

ASV: Wherefore, receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken, let us have grace, whereby we may offer service well-pleasing to God with reverence and awe:

YLT: wherefore, a kingdom that cannot be shaken receiving, may we have grace, through which we may serve God well-pleasingly, with reverence and religious fear;

Exposition: Hebrews 12:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Hebrews 12:29

Greek

καὶ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον.

kai gar o theos emon pyr katanaliskon.

KJV: For our God is a consuming fire.

AKJV: For our God is a consuming fire.

ASV: for our God is a consuming fire.

YLT: for also our God is a consuming fire.

Exposition: Hebrews 12:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For our God is a consuming fire.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.