Apologetics Bible
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Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Job_11
- Primary Witness Text: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, Should not the multitude of words be answered? and should a man full of talk be justified? Should thy lies make men hold their peace? and when thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed? For thou hast said, My doctrine is pure, and I am clean in thine eyes. But oh that God would speak, and open his lips against thee; And that he would shew thee the secrets of wisdom, that they are double to that which is! Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth. Canst thou by searching find out God? canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection? It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know? The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea. If he cut off, and shut up, or gather together, then who can hinder him? For he knoweth vain men: he seeth wickedness also; will he not then consider it? For vain man would be wise, though man be born like a wild ass’s colt. If thou prepare thine heart, and stretch out thine hands toward him; If iniquity be in thine hand, put it far away, and let not wickedness dwell in thy tabernacles. For then shalt thou lift up thy face without spot; yea, thou shalt be stedfast, and shalt not fear: Because thou shalt forget thy misery, and remember it as waters that pass away: And thine age shall be clearer than the noonday; thou shalt shine forth, thou shalt be as the morning. And thou shalt be secure, because there is hope...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Job_11
- Chapter Blob Preview: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, Should not the multitude of words be answered? and should a man full of talk be justified? Should thy lies make men hold their peace? and when thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed? For thou hast said, My doctrine is pure, and I am clean in thine eyes. But oh that God would speak, and open his lips against thee; And that he ...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
Job's friends represent the dominant ancient Near Eastern theodicy: suffering = sin. God's answer from the whirlwind (chs. 38-41) does not explain the suffering but confronts Job with the staggering scale and wisdom of the creation — demanding the creature's epistemological humility before the Creator. Job 19:25-27 ("I know that my Redeemer lives") stands as the OT's most personal resurrection confession.
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Job 11:1
Hebrew
וַיַּעַן צֹפַר הַֽנַּעֲמָתִי וַיֹּאמַֽר׃vaya'an-tzofar-hana'amatiy-vayo'mar
KJV: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,
AKJV: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,
ASV: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,
YLT: And Zophar the Naamathite answereth and saith: --
Exposition: Job 11:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:2
Hebrew
הֲרֹב דְּבָרִים לֹא יֵעָנֶה וְאִם־אִישׁ שְׂפָתַיִם יִצְדָּֽק׃harov-devariym-lo'-ye'aneh-ve'im-'iysh-shefatayim-yitzedaq
KJV: Should not the multitude of words be answered? and should a man full of talk be justified?
AKJV: Should not the multitude of words be answered? and should a man full of talk be justified?
ASV: Should not the multitude of words be answered?
YLT: Is a multitude of words not answered? And is a man of lips justified?
Commentary WitnessJob 11:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:2
Verse 2 Should not the multitude of words be answered? - Some translate, "To multiply words profiteth nothing." And should a man full of talk be justified - איש שפתים ish sephathayim, "a man of lips," a proper appellation for a great talker: he is "a man of lips," i.e., his lips are the only active parts of his system.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 11:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Should not the multitude of words be answered? and should a man full of talk be justified?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:3
Hebrew
בַּדֶּיךָ מְתִים יַחֲרִישׁו וַתִּלְעַג וְאֵין מַכְלִֽם׃vadeykha-metiym-yachariyshv-vatile'ag-ve'eyn-makhelim
KJV: Should thy lies make men hold their peace? and when thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed?
AKJV: Should your lies make men hold their peace? and when you mock, shall no man make you ashamed?
ASV: Should thy boastings make men hold their peace?
YLT: Thy devices make men keep silent, Thou scornest, and none is causing blushing!
Commentary WitnessJob 11:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:3
Verse 3 Should thy lies make men hold their peace? - This is a very severe reproof, and not justified by the occasion. And when thou mockest - As thou despisest others, shall no man put thee to scorn? Zophar could never think that the solemn and awful manner in which Job spoke could be called bubbling, as some would translate the term לעג laag. He might consider Job's speech as sarcastic and severe, but he could not consider it as nonsense.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 11:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Should thy lies make men hold their peace? and when thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:4
Hebrew
וַתֹּאמֶר זַךְ לִקְחִי וּבַר הָיִיתִי בְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃vato'mer-zakhe-liqechiy-vvar-hayiytiy-ve'eyneykha
KJV: For thou hast said, My doctrine is pure, and I am clean in thine eyes.
AKJV: For you have said, My doctrine is pure, and I am clean in your eyes.
ASV: For thou sayest, My doctrine is pure,
YLT: And thou sayest, `Pure is my discourse, And clean I have been in Thine eyes.'
Commentary WitnessJob 11:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:4
Verse 4 My doctrine is pure - לקחי likchi, "my assumptions." What I assume or take as right, and just, and true, are so; the precepts which I have formed, and the practice which I have founded on them, are all correct and perfect. Job had not exactly said, My doctrine and way of life are pure, and I am clean in thine eyes; but he had vindicated himself from their charges of secret sins and hypocrisy, and appealed to God for his general uprightness and sincerity: but Zophar here begs the question, in order that he may have something to say, and room to give vent to his invective.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 11:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For thou hast said, My doctrine is pure, and I am clean in thine eyes.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:5
Hebrew
וְֽאוּלָם מִֽי־יִתֵּן אֱלוֹהַּ דַּבֵּר וְיִפְתַּח שְׂפָתָיו עִמָּֽךְ׃ve'vlam-miy-yiten-'elvoha-daver-veyifetach-shefatayv-'imakhe
KJV: But oh that God would speak, and open his lips against thee;
AKJV: But oh that God would speak, and open his lips against you;
ASV: But oh that God would speak,
YLT: And yet, O that God had spoken! And doth open His lips with thee.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 11:5Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 11:5
Job 11:5 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But oh that God would speak, and open his lips against thee;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 11:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 11:5
Exposition: Job 11:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But oh that God would speak, and open his lips against thee;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:6
Hebrew
וְיַגֶּד־לְךָ ׀ תַּֽעֲלֻמוֹת חָכְמָה כִּֽי־כִפְלַיִם לְֽתוּשִׁיָּה וְדַע כִּֽי־יַשֶּׁה לְךָ אֱלוֹהַ מֵעֲוֺנֶֽךָ׃veyaged-lekha- -ta'alumvot-chakhemah-khiy-khifelayim-letvshiyah-veda'-khiy-yasheh-lekha-'elvoha-me'avnekha
KJV: And that he would shew thee the secrets of wisdom, that they are double to that which is! Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth.
AKJV: And that he would show you the secrets of wisdom, that they are double to that which is! Know therefore that God exacts of you less than your iniquity deserves.
ASV: And that he would show thee the secrets of wisdom!
YLT: And declare to thee secrets of wisdom, For counsel hath foldings. And know thou that God forgetteth for thee, Some of thine iniquity.
Commentary WitnessJob 11:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:6
Verse 6 The secrets of wisdom - All the depths of his own counsels; the heights, lengths, and breadths, of holiness. That they are double to that which is, תושיה tushiyah, which we translate that which is, is a word frequent in Job and in the Book of Proverbs, and is one of the evidences brought in favor of Solomon as the author of this book. It signifies substance or essence, and is translated by a great variety of terms; enterprise, completeness, substance, the whole constitution, wisdom, law, sound wisdom, solid complete happiness, solidity of reason and truth, the complete total sum, etc., etc. See Taylor's Hebrew and English Concord., under ישה. In this place the versions are various. Coverdale, following the Vulgate, translates: That he might shewe the (out of his secrite wissdome) how manyfolde his lawe is. The Septuagint, ὁτι διπλους εσται των κατα σε, that it is double to what it is with thee. Mr. Good translates, "For they are intricacies to Iniquity." This is a meaning never before given to תושיה tushiyah, and a meaning which even his own learned note will not make generally prevalent. Perhaps Zophar is here, in mind, comparing the wisdom which has been revealed with the wisdom not revealed. The perfection and excellence of the Divine nature and the purity of his law, are, in substance and essence, double or manifold to the revelation already made. Less than thine iniquity deserveth - Mr. Good translates, And the knowledge hath withdrawn from thee because of thy sins; and represents Zophar as praying that God would reveal to him the secrets of wisdom, and the knowledge which he had withdrawn from him because of his transgressions. That Zophar intends to insinuate that God afflicted Job because of his iniquities, is evident; and that he thought that God had inflicted less chastisement upon him than his sins deserved, is not less so; and that, therefore, Job's complaining of harsh treatment was not at all well founded.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Ray
- Proverbs
- English Concord
- Coverdale
- The Septuagint
- Mr
- Iniquity
Exposition: Job 11:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And that he would shew thee the secrets of wisdom, that they are double to that which is! Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:7
Hebrew
הַחֵקֶר אֱלוֹהַ תִּמְצָא אִם עַד־תַּכְלִית שַׁדַּי תִּמְצָֽא׃hacheqer-'elvoha-timetza'-'im-'ad-takheliyt-shaday-timetza'
KJV: Canst thou by searching find out God? canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection?
AKJV: Can you by searching find out God? can you find out the Almighty to perfection?
ASV: Canst thou by searching find out God?
YLT: By searching dost thou find out God? Unto perfection find out the Mighty One?
Commentary WitnessJob 11:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:7
Verse 7 Canst thou by searching find out God? - What is God? A Being self-existent, eternal, infinite, immense, without bounds, incomprehensible either by mind, or time, or space. Who then can find this Being out? Who can fathom his depths, ascend to his heights, extend to his breadths, and comprehend the infinitude of his perfections?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 11:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Canst thou by searching find out God? canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:8
Hebrew
גָּבְהֵי שָׁמַיִם מַה־תִּפְעָל עֲמֻקָּה מִשְּׁאוֹל מַה־תֵּדָֽע׃gavehey-shamayim-mah-tife'al-'amuqah-mishe'vol-mah-teda'
KJV: It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know?
AKJV: It is as high as heaven; what can you do? deeper than hell; what can you know?
ASV: It is high as heaven; what canst thou do?
YLT: Heights of the heavens! --what dost thou? Deeper than Sheol! --what knowest thou?
Commentary WitnessJob 11:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:8
Verse 8 It is as high as heaven - High as the heavens, what canst thou work? Deep below sheol, (the invisible world), what canst thou know? Long beyond the earth, and broad beyond the sea, is its measure. These are instances in the immensity of created things, and all out of the reach of human power and knowledge; and if these things are so, how incomprehensible must he be, who designed, created, preserves, and governs the whole! We find the same thought in Milton: - "These are thy glorious works, Parent of good! Almighty! Thine this universal frame: How wondrous fair! Thyself how wondrous then!"
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Milton
Exposition: Job 11:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:9
Hebrew
אֲרֻכָּה מֵאֶרֶץ מִדָּהּ וּרְחָבָה מִנִּי־יָֽם׃'arukhah-me'eretz-midah-vrechavah-miniy-yam
KJV: The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea.
AKJV: The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea.
ASV: The measure thereof is longer than the earth,
YLT: Longer than earth is its measure, And broader than the sea.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 11:9Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 11:9
Job 11:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 11:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 11:9
Exposition: Job 11:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:10
Hebrew
אִם־יַחֲלֹף וְיַסְגִּיר וְיַקְהִיל וּמִי יְשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃'im-yachalof-veyasegiyr-veyaqehiyl-vmiy-yeshiyvenv
KJV: If he cut off, and shut up, or gather together, then who can hinder him?
AKJV: If he cut off, and shut up, or gather together, then who can hinder him?
ASV: If he pass through, and shut up,
YLT: If He pass on, and shut up, and assemble, Who then dost reverse it?
Commentary WitnessJob 11:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:10
Verse 10 If he cut off - As he is unlimited and almighty, he cannot be controlled. He will do whatsoever he pleases; and he is pleased with nothing but what is right. Who then will dare to find fault? Perhaps Zophar may refer to Job's former state, his losses and afflictions. If he cut off, as he has done, thy children; if he shut up, as he has done, thyself by this sore disease; or gather together hostile bands to invade thy territories and carry away thy property; who can hinder him? He is sovereign, and has a right to dispose of his own property as he pleases.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 11:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If he cut off, and shut up, or gather together, then who can hinder him?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:11
Hebrew
כִּי־הוּא יָדַע מְתֵי־שָׁוְא וַיַּרְא־אָוֶן וְלֹא יִתְבּוֹנָֽן׃khiy-hv'-yada'-metey-shave'-vayare'-'aven-velo'-yitevvonan
KJV: For he knoweth vain men: he seeth wickedness also; will he not then consider it?
AKJV: For he knows vain men: he sees wickedness also; will he not then consider it?
ASV: For he knoweth false men:
YLT: For he hath known men of vanity, And He seeth iniquity, And one doth not consider it !
Commentary WitnessJob 11:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:11
Verse 11 He knoweth vain men - מתי שוא methey shau, "men of falsehood." He seeth wickedness - He sees as well what is in man, as what man does; and of his actions and propensities he cannot be an indifferent spectator.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 11:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For he knoweth vain men: he seeth wickedness also; will he not then consider it?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:12
Hebrew
וְאִישׁ נָבוּב יִלָּבֵב וְעַיִר פֶּרֶא אָדָם יִוָּלֵֽד׃ve'iysh-navvv-yilavev-ve'ayir-fere'-'adam-yivaled
KJV: For vain man would be wise, though man be born like a wild ass’s colt.
AKJV: For vain men would be wise, though man be born like a wild ass’s colt.
ASV: But vain man is void of understanding,
YLT: And empty man is bold, And the colt of a wild ass man is born.
Commentary WitnessJob 11:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:12
Verse 12 For vain man would be wise - The original is difficult and uncertain, ואיש נבוב ילבב veish nabub yillabeb, "And shall the hollow man assume courage," or "pride himself?" Or, as Mr. Good rather paraphrases it, Will he then accept the hollow-hearted person? The Chaldee gives two renderings: An eloquent man shall become wiser in his heart, and the colt of the wild ass is born as the son of man. Or, The wise man shall ponder it; and the refractory youth, who at last becomes prudent, shall make a great man. Coverdale - A vayne body exalteth him self; and the son of man is like a wylde asse's foale. Houbigant translates thus: - A man who hath understanding will become prudent; but he who is as the wild ass hath no heart, i.e., sense. According to this critic, the meaning is this: - A man of sense, should he at any time transgress, will learn wisdom from it; but a man of a brutish mind, uncultivated and unreflecting, will plunge yet deeper into iniquity. Though man be born like a wild ass's colt - Is translated by Mr. Good, Or shall the wild ass colt assume the man? This is making a sense, but such as I fear the original will never allow. There is no end to the translations of this verse, and conjectures relative to its meaning. I shall conclude with the Vulgate - Vir vanus in superbiam erigitur, et tanquam pullum onagri se liberum natum putat, "Vain man is puffed up with pride; and he supposes himself to be born free like the wild ass's colt." Man is full of self-conceit; and imagines himself born to act as he pleases, to roam at large, to be under no control, and to be accountable to none for his actions.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- Or
- Mr
- Good
Exposition: Job 11:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For vain man would be wise, though man be born like a wild ass’s colt.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:13
Hebrew
אִם־אַתָּה הֲכִינוֹתָ לִבֶּךָ וּפָרַשְׂתָּ אֵלָיו כַּפֶּֽךָ׃'im-'atah-hakhiynvota-livekha-vfarasheta-'elayv-khafekha
KJV: If thou prepare thine heart, and stretch out thine hands toward him;
AKJV: If you prepare your heart, and stretch out your hands toward him;
ASV: If thou set thy heart aright,
YLT: If thou--thou hast prepared thy heart, And hast spread out unto Him thy hands,
Commentary WitnessJob 11:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:13
Verse 13 If thou prepare thine heart - Make use of the powers which God has given thee, and be determined to seek him with all thy soul. And stretch out thine hands toward him - Making fervent prayer and supplication, putting away iniquity out of thy hand, and not permitting wickedness to dwell in thy tabernacle; then thou shalt lift up thy face without a blush, thou wilt become established, and have nothing to fear, Job 11:14, Job 11:15. There is a sentiment in Pro 16:1, very similar to that in the Job 11:13, which we translate very improperly: - לאדם מערכי לב leadam maarchey leb. To man are the preparations of the heart: ומהוה מענה לשון umeyehovah maaneh lashon. But from Jehovah is the answer to the tongue. It is man's duty to pray; it is God's prerogative to answer. Zophar, like all the rest, is true to his principle. Job must be a wicked man, else he had not been afflicted. There must be some iniquity in his hand, and some wickedness tolerated in his family. So they all supposed.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 11:14
- Job 11:15
- Job 11:13
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Zophar
Exposition: Job 11:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If thou prepare thine heart, and stretch out thine hands toward him;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:14
Hebrew
אִם־אָוֶן בְּיָדְךָ הַרְחִיקֵהוּ וְאַל־תַּשְׁכֵּן בְּאֹהָלֶיךָ עַוְלָֽה׃'im-'aven-veyadekha-harechiyqehv-ve'al-tashekhen-ve'ohaleykha-'avelah
KJV: If iniquity be in thine hand, put it far away, and let not wickedness dwell in thy tabernacles.
AKJV: If iniquity be in your hand, put it far away, and let not wickedness dwell in your tabernacles.
ASV: If iniquity be in thy hand, put it far away,
YLT: If iniquity is in thy hand, put it far off, And let not perverseness dwell in thy tents.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 11:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 11:14
Job 11:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'If iniquity be in thine hand, put it far away, and let not wickedness dwell in thy tabernacles.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 11:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 11:14
Exposition: Job 11:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If iniquity be in thine hand, put it far away, and let not wickedness dwell in thy tabernacles.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:15
Hebrew
כִּי־אָז ׀ תִּשָּׂא פָנֶיךָ מִמּוּם וְהָיִיתָ מֻצָק וְלֹא תִירָֽא׃khiy-'az- -tisha'-faneykha-mimvm-vehayiyta-mutzaq-velo'-tiyra'
KJV: For then shalt thou lift up thy face without spot; yea, thou shalt be stedfast, and shalt not fear:
AKJV: For then shall you lift up your face without spot; yes, you shall be steadfast, and shall not fear:
ASV: Surely then shalt thou lift up thy face without spot;
YLT: For then thou liftest up thy face from blemish, And thou hast been firm, and fearest not.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 11:15Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 11:15
Job 11:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'For then shalt thou lift up thy face without spot; yea, thou shalt be stedfast, and shalt not fear:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 11:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 11:15
Exposition: Job 11:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For then shalt thou lift up thy face without spot; yea, thou shalt be stedfast, and shalt not fear:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:16
Hebrew
כִּי־אַתָּה עָמָל תִּשְׁכָּח כְּמַיִם עָבְרוּ תִזְכֹּֽר׃khiy-'atah-'amal-tishekhach-khemayim-'averv-tizekhor
KJV: Because thou shalt forget thy misery, and remember it as waters that pass away:
AKJV: Because you shall forget your misery, and remember it as waters that pass away:
ASV: For thou shalt forget thy misery;
YLT: For thou dost forget misery, As waters passed away thou rememberest.
Commentary WitnessJob 11:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:16
Verse 16 Because thou shalt forget thy misery - Thou shalt have such long and complete rest, that thou shalt scarcely remember thy labor. As waters that pass away - Like as the mountain floods, which sweep every thing before them, houses, tents, cattle, and the produce of the field, and are speedily absorbed by the sandy plains over which they run, so shalt thou remember thy sufferings: they were wasting and ruinous for the time, but were soon over and gone.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 11:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Because thou shalt forget thy misery, and remember it as waters that pass away:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:17
Hebrew
וּֽמִצָּהֳרַיִם יָקוּם חָלֶד תָּעֻפָה כַּבֹּקֶר תִּהְיֶֽה׃vmitzahorayim-yaqvm-chaled-ta'ufah-khavoqer-tiheyeh
KJV: And thine age shall be clearer than the noonday; thou shalt shine forth, thou shalt be as the morning.
AKJV: And your age shall be clearer than the noonday: you shall shine forth, you shall be as the morning.
ASV: Andthylife shall be clearer than the noonday;
YLT: And above the noon doth age rise, Thou fliest--as the morning thou art.
Commentary WitnessJob 11:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:17
Verse 17 Thine age shall be clearer than the noonday - The rest of thy life shall be unclouded prosperity. Thou shalt shine forth - Thou shalt be in this unclouded state, as the sun in the firmament of heaven, giving light and heat to all around thee. Thou shalt be as the morning - Thus the sun of thy prosperity shall arise, and shine more and more unto the perfect day. This is the image which the sacred writer employs, and it is correct and elegant.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 11:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thine age shall be clearer than the noonday; thou shalt shine forth, thou shalt be as the morning.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:18
Hebrew
וּֽבָטַחְתָּ כִּי־יֵשׁ תִּקְוָה וְחָפַרְתָּ לָבֶטַח תִּשְׁכָּֽב׃vvatacheta-khiy-yesh-tiqevah-vechafareta-lavetach-tishekhav
KJV: And thou shalt be secure, because there is hope; yea, thou shalt dig about thee, and thou shalt take thy rest in safety.
AKJV: And you shall be secure, because there is hope; yes, you shall dig about you, and you shall take your rest in safety.
ASV: And thou shalt be secure, because there is hope;
YLT: And thou hast trusted because their is hope, And searched--in confidence thou liest down,
Commentary WitnessJob 11:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:18
Verse 18 And thou shalt be secure - Thou shalt not fear any farther evils to disturb thy prosperity, for thou shalt have a well-grounded hope and confidence that thou shalt no more be visited by adversity. Yea, thou shalt dig - I believe this neither refers to digging his grave, nor to curiously investigating surrounding circumstances; but to the custom of digging for water in the places where they pitched their tents. It was a matter of high importance in Asiatic countries to find good wells of wholesome water; and they were frequently causes of contention among neighboring chiefs, who sometimes stopped them up, and at other times seized them as their own. Through envy of Isaac's prosperity the Philistines stopped up all the wells which Abraham had digged, Gen 26:12-16. And we find the herdsmen of Gerar contending with Isaac's servants about the wells which the latter had digged; so that they were obliged to abandon two of the chief of them, and remove to a distance in order to dig and find quiet possession. See Gen 31:17-22. Zophar, in reference to all these sorts of contentions and petty wars about wells and springs, tells Job that in the state of prosperity to which he shall be brought by the good providence of God, he shall dig - find wells of living water; none shall contend with him; and he shall rest in safety, all the neighboring chieftains cultivating friendship with him; see on Job 5:23 (note), Job 5:24 (note); and that this is the meaning of the passage the following verse shows: Thou shalt lie down, and none shall make thee afraid; yea, many shall make suit unto thee. Thou shalt be in perfect security; no enemy shall molest thee, and many shall seek thy friendship.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 26:12-16
- Gen 31:17-22
- Job 5:23
- Job 5:24
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Yea
- Zophar
Exposition: Job 11:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt be secure, because there is hope; yea, thou shalt dig about thee, and thou shalt take thy rest in safety.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:19
Hebrew
וְֽרָבַצְתָּ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד וְחִלּוּ פָנֶיךָ רַבִּֽים׃veravatzeta-ve'eyn-machariyd-vechilv-faneykha-raviym
KJV: Also thou shalt lie down, and none shall make thee afraid; yea, many shall make suit unto thee.
AKJV: Also you shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid; yes, many shall make suit to you.
ASV: Also thou shalt lie down, and none shall make thee afraid;
YLT: And thou hast rested, And none is causing trembling, And many have entreated thy face;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 11:19Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 11:19
Job 11:19 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Also thou shalt lie down, and none shall make thee afraid; yea, many shall make suit unto thee.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 11:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 11:19
Exposition: Job 11:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Also thou shalt lie down, and none shall make thee afraid; yea, many shall make suit unto thee.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 11:20
Hebrew
וְעֵינֵי רְשָׁעִים תִּכְלֶינָה וּמָנוֹס אָבַד מִנְהֶם וְתִקְוָתָם מַֽפַּח־נָֽפֶשׁ׃ve'eyney-resha'iym-tikheleynah-vmanvos-'avad-minehem-vetiqevatam-mafach-nafesh
KJV: But the eyes of the wicked shall fail, and they shall not escape, and their hope shall be as the giving up of the ghost.
AKJV: But the eyes of the wicked shall fail, and they shall not escape, and their hope shall be as the giving up of the ghost.
ASV: But the eyes of the wicked shall fail,
YLT: And the eyes of the wicked are consumed, And refuge hath perished from them, And their hope is a breathing out of soul!
Commentary WitnessJob 11:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 11:20
Verse 20 The eyes of the wicked shall fail - They shall be continually looking out for help and deliverance; but their expectation shall be cut off. And they shall not escape - They shall receive the punishment due to their deserts; for God has his eye continually upon them. מנהם ומנוס אבד umanos abad minnehem, literally, "And escape perishes from them." Flight from impending destruction is impossible. And their hope shall be as the giving up of the ghost - ותקותם מפח נפש vethikratham mappach naphesh, "And their hope an exhalation of breath," or a mere wish of the mind. They retain their hope to the last; and the last breath they breathe is the final and eternal termination of their hope. They give up their hope and their ghost together; for a vain hope cannot enter into that place where shadow and representation exist not; all being substance and reality. And thus endeth Zophar the Naamathite; whose premises were in general good, his conclusions legitimate, but his application of them to Job's case totally erroneous; because he still proceeded on the ground that Job was a wicked man, if not ostensibly, yet secretly; and that the sufferings he was undergoing were the means by which God was unmasking him to the view of men. But, allowing that Job had been a bad man, the exhortations of Zophar were well calculated to enforce repentance and excite confidence in the Divine mercy. Zophar seems to have had a full conviction of the all-governing providence of God; and that those who served him with an honest and upright heart would be ever distinguished in the distribution of temporal good. He seems however to think that rewards and punishments were distributed in this life, and does not refer, at least very evidently, to a future state. Probably his information on subjects of divinity did not extend much beyond the grave; and we have much cause to thank God for a clearer dispensation. Deus nobis haec otia fecit. God grant that we may make a good use of it!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Naamathite
- But
Exposition: Job 11:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But the eyes of the wicked shall fail, and they shall not escape, and their hope shall be as the giving up of the ghost.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
15
Generated editorial witnesses
5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Job 11:1-6
- Job 11:7-11
- Job 11:12-20
- Job 2:11
- Job 11:1
- Job 11:2
- Job 11:3
- Job 11:4
- Job 11:5
- Job 11:6
- Job 11:7
- Job 11:8
- Job 11:9
- Job 11:10
- Job 11:11
- Job 11:12
- Job 11:14
- Job 11:15
- Job 11:13
- Job 11:16
- Job 11:17
- Gen 26:12-16
- Gen 31:17-22
- Job 5:23
- Job 5:24
- Job 11:18
- Job 11:19
- Job 11:20
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Job
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Ray
- Proverbs
- English Concord
- Coverdale
- The Septuagint
- Mr
- Iniquity
- Milton
- Or
- Good
- Zophar
- Ovid
- Yea
- Naamathite
- But
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Lamentations
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezekiel
Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Daniel
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hosea
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joel
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Amos
Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Obadiah
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jonah
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Micah
Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nahum
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Habakkuk
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zephaniah
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Haggai
Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zechariah
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Malachi
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Matthew
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Mark
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Luke
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
John
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Acts
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Romans
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Galatians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ephesians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philippians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Colossians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
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What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
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Commentary Witness
Job 11:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 11:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness