Apologetics Bible
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Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Job_20
- Primary Witness Text: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste. I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of my understanding causeth me to answer. Knowest thou not this of old, since man was placed upon earth, That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment? Though his excellency mount up to the heavens, and his head reach unto the clouds; Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung: they which have seen him shall say, Where is he? He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be found: yea, he shall be chased away as a vision of the night. The eye also which saw him shall see him no more; neither shall his place any more behold him. His children shall seek to please the poor, and his hands shall restore their goods. His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down with him in the dust. Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, though he hide it under his tongue; Though he spare it, and forsake it not; but keep it still within his mouth: Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him. He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: God shall cast them out of his belly. He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper’s tongue shall slay him. He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter. That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance s...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Job_20
- Chapter Blob Preview: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste. I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of my understanding causeth me to answer. Knowest thou not this of old, since man was placed upon earth, That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment? Though his ...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
Job's friends represent the dominant ancient Near Eastern theodicy: suffering = sin. God's answer from the whirlwind (chs. 38-41) does not explain the suffering but confronts Job with the staggering scale and wisdom of the creation — demanding the creature's epistemological humility before the Creator. Job 19:25-27 ("I know that my Redeemer lives") stands as the OT's most personal resurrection confession.
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Verse-by-verse study lane
Job 20:1
Hebrew
וַיַּעַן צֹפַר הַנַּֽעֲמָתִי וַיֹּאמַֽר׃vaya'an-tzofar-hana'amatiy-vayo'mar
KJV: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,
AKJV: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,
ASV: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,
YLT: And Zophar the Naamathite answereth and saith: --
Exposition: Job 20:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:2
Hebrew
לָכֵן שְׂעִפַּי יְשִׁיבוּנִי וּבַעֲבוּר חוּשִׁי בִֽי׃lakhen-she'ifay-yeshiyvvniy-vva'avvr-chvshiy-viy
KJV: Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste.
AKJV: Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste.
ASV: Therefore do my thoughts give answer to me,
YLT: Therefore my thoughts cause me to answer, And because of my sensations in me.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:2
Verse 2 Therefore do my thoughts - It has already been observed that Zophar was the most inveterate of all Job's enemies, for we really must cease to call them friends. He sets no bounds to his invective, and outrages every rule of charity. A man of such a bitter spirit must have been, in general, very unhappy. With him Job is, by insinuation, every thing that is base, vile, and hypocritical. Mr. Good translates this verse thus: "Whither would my tumult transport me? And how far my agitation within me?" This is all the modesty that appears in Zophar's discourse. He acknowledges that he is pressed by the impetuosity of his spirit to reply to Job's self-vindication. The original is variously translated, but the sense is as above. For this I make haste - ובעבור חושי בי ubaabur chushi bi, there is sensibility in me, and my feelings provoke me to reply.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
Exposition: Job 20:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:3
Hebrew
מוּסַר כְּלִמָּתִי אֶשְׁמָע וְרוּחַ מִֽבִּינָתִי יַעֲנֵֽנִי׃mvsar-khelimatiy-'eshema'-vervcha-miviynatiy-ya'aneniy
KJV: I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of my understanding causeth me to answer.
AKJV: I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of my understanding causes me to answer.
ASV: I have heard the reproof which putteth me to shame;
YLT: The chastisement of my shame I hear, And the spirit of mine understanding Doth cause me to answer:
Commentary WitnessJob 20:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:3
Verse 3 I have heard the check of my reproach - Some suppose that Zophar quotes the words of Job, and that some words should be supplied to indicate this meaning; e.g., "I have heard (sayest thou) the check or charge of my reproach?" Or it may refer to what Job says of Zophar and his companions, Job 19:2, Job 19:3 : How long will ye vex may soul - these ten times have ye reproached me. Zophar therefore assumes his old ground, and retracts nothing of what he had said. Like many of his own complexion in the present day, he was determined to believe that his judgment was infallible, and that he could not err.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 19:2
- Job 19:3
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Job
Exposition: Job 20:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of my understanding causeth me to answer.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:4
Hebrew
הֲזֹאת יָדַעְתָּ מִנִּי־עַד מִנִּי שִׂים אָדָם עֲלֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃hazo't-yada'eta-miniy-'ad-miniy-shiym-'adam-'aley-'aretz
KJV: Knowest thou not this of old, since man was placed upon earth,
AKJV: Know you not this of old, since man was placed on earth,
ASV: Knowest thou notthis of old time,
YLT: This hast thou known from antiquity? Since the placing of man on earth?
Commentary WitnessJob 20:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:4
Verse 4 Knowest thou not this of old - This is a maxim as ancient as the world; it began with the first man: A wicked man shall triumph but a short time; God will destroy the proud doer. Since man was placed upon earth - Literally, since Adam was placed on the earth; that is, since the fall, wickedness and hypocrisy have existed; but they have never triumphed long. Thou hast lately been expressing confidence in reference to a general judgment; but such is thy character, that thou hast little reason to anticipate with any joy the decisions of that day.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Literally
Exposition: Job 20:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Knowest thou not this of old, since man was placed upon earth,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:5
Hebrew
כִּי רִנְנַת רְשָׁעִים מִקָּרוֹב וְשִׂמְחַת חָנֵף עֲדֵי־רָֽגַע׃khiy-rinenat-resha'iym-miqarvov-veshimechat-chanef-'adey-raga'
KJV: That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment?
AKJV: That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment?
ASV: That the triumphing of the wicked is short,
YLT: That the singing of the wicked is short, And the joy of the profane for a moment,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 20:5Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 20:5
Job 20:5 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment?'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 20:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:5
Exposition: Job 20:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:6
Hebrew
אִם־יַעֲלֶה לַשָּׁמַיִם שִׂיאוֹ וְרֹאשׁוֹ לָעָב יַגִּֽיעַ׃'im-ya'aleh-lashamayim-shiy'vo-vero'shvo-la'av-yagiy'a
KJV: Though his excellency mount up to the heavens, and his head reach unto the clouds;
AKJV: Though his excellency mount up to the heavens, and his head reach to the clouds;
ASV: Though his height mount up to the heavens,
YLT: Though his excellency go up to the heavens, And his head against a cloud he strike--
Commentary WitnessJob 20:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:6
Verse 6 Though his excellency mount up to the heavens - Probably referring to the original state of Adam, of whose fall he appears to have spoken, Job 20:4. He was created in the image of God; but by his sin against his Maker he fell into wretchedness, misery, death, and destruction.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:4
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Adam
Exposition: Job 20:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Though his excellency mount up to the heavens, and his head reach unto the clouds;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:7
Hebrew
כְּֽגֶלֲלוֹ לָנֶצַח יֹאבֵד רֹאָיו יֹאמְרוּ אַיּֽוֹ׃khegelalvo-lanetzach-yo'ved-ro'ayv-yo'merv-'ayvo
KJV: Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung: they which have seen him shall say, Where is he?
AKJV: Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung: they which have seen him shall say, Where is he?
ASV: Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung:
YLT: As his own dung for ever he doth perish, His beholders say: `Where is he?'
Commentary WitnessJob 20:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:7
Verse 7 He shall perish for ever - He is dust, and shall return to the dust from which he was taken. Zophar here hints his disbelief in that doctrine, the resurrection of the body, which Job had so solemnly asserted in the preceding chapter. Or he might have been like some in the present day, who believe that the wicked shall be annihilated, and the bodies of the righteous only be raised from the dead; but I know of no scripture by which such a doctrine is confirmed. Like his own dung - His reputation shall be abominable, and his putrid carcass shall resemble his own excrement. A speech that partakes as much of the malevolence as of the asperity of Zophar's spirit.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 20:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung: they which have seen him shall say, Where is he?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:8
Hebrew
כַּחֲלוֹם יָעוּף וְלֹא יִמְצָאוּהוּ וְיֻדַּד כְּחֶזְיוֹן לָֽיְלָה׃khachalvom-ya'vf-velo'-yimetza'vhv-veyudad-khechezeyvon-layelah
KJV: He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be found: yea, he shall be chased away as a vision of the night.
AKJV: He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be found: yes, he shall be chased away as a vision of the night.
ASV: He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be found:
YLT: As a dream he fleeth, and they find him not, And he is driven away as a vision of the night,
Commentary WitnessJob 20:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:8
Verse 8 He shall fly away as a dream - Instead of rising again from corruption, as thou hast asserted, (Job 19:26), with a new body, his flesh shall rot in the earth, and his spirit be dissipated like a vapor; and, like a vision of the night, nothing shall remain but the bare impression that such a creature had once existed, but shall appear no more for ever.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 19:26
Exposition: Job 20:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be found: yea, he shall be chased away as a vision of the night.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:9
Hebrew
עַיִן שְׁזָפַתּוּ וְלֹא תוֹסִיף וְלֹא־עוֹד תְּשׁוּרֶנּוּ מְקוֹמֽוֹ׃'ayin-shezafatv-velo'-tvosiyf-velo'-'vod-teshvrenv-meqvomvo
KJV: The eye also which saw him shall see him no more; neither shall his place any more behold him.
AKJV: The eye also which saw him shall see him no more; neither shall his place any more behold him.
ASV: The eye which saw him shall see him no more;
YLT: The eye hath not seen him, and addeth not. And not again doth his place behold him.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 20:9Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 20:9
Job 20:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The eye also which saw him shall see him no more; neither shall his place any more behold him.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 20:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:9
Exposition: Job 20:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The eye also which saw him shall see him no more; neither shall his place any more behold him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:10
Hebrew
בָּנָיו יְרַצּוּ דַלִּים וְיָדָיו תָּשֵׁבְנָה אוֹנֽוֹ׃vanayv-yeratzv-daliym-veyadayv-tashevenah-'vonvo
KJV: His children shall seek to please the poor, and his hands shall restore their goods.
AKJV: His children shall seek to please the poor, and his hands shall restore their goods.
ASV: His children shall seek the favor of the poor,
YLT: His sons do the poor oppress, And his hands give back his wealth.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:10
Verse 10 His children shall seek to please the poor - They shall be reduced to the lowest degree of poverty and want, so as to be obliged to become servants to the poor. Cursed be Ham, a servant of servants shall he be. There are cases where the poor actually serve the poor; and this is the lowest or most abject state of poverty. His hands shall restore their goods - He shall be obliged to restore the goods that he has taken by violence. Mr. Good translates: His branches shall be involved in his iniquity; i.e., his children shall suffer on his account. "His own hands shall render to himself the evil that he has done to others." - Calmet. The clause is variously translated.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ham
- Mr
- Calmet
Exposition: Job 20:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'His children shall seek to please the poor, and his hands shall restore their goods.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:11
Hebrew
עַצְמוֹתָיו מָלְאוּ עלומו עֲלוּמָיו וְעִמּוֹ עַל־עָפָר תִּשְׁכָּֽב׃'atzemvotayv-male'v-'lvmv-'alvmayv-ve'imvo-'al-'afar-tishekhav
KJV: His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down with him in the dust.
AKJV: His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down with him in the dust.
ASV: His bones are full of his youth,
YLT: His bones have been full of his youth, And with him on the dust it lieth down.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 20:11Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 20:11
Job 20:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down with him in the dust.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 20:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:11
Exposition: Job 20:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down with him in the dust.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:12
Hebrew
אִם־תַּמְתִּיק בְּפִיו רָעָה יַכְחִידֶנָּה תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֽוֹ׃'im-tametiyq-vefiyv-ra'ah-yakhechiydenah-tachat-leshvonvo
KJV: Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, though he hide it under his tongue;
AKJV: Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, though he hide it under his tongue;
ASV: Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth,
YLT: Though he doth sweeten evil in his mouth, Doth hide it under his tongue,
Commentary WitnessJob 20:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:12
Verse 12 Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth - This seems to refer to the secret sins mentioned above. Hide it under his tongue - This and the four following verses contain an allegory; and the reference is to a man who, instead of taking wholesome food, takes what is poisonous, and is so delighted with it because it is sweet, that he rolls it under his tongue, and will scarcely let it down into his stomach, he is so delighted with the taste; "he spares it, and forsakes it not, but keeps it still within his mouth," Job 20:13. "But when he swallows it, it is turned to the gall of asps within him," Job 20:14, which shall corrode and torture his bowels.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:13
- Job 20:14
Exposition: Job 20:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, though he hide it under his tongue;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:13
Hebrew
יַחְמֹל עָלֶיהָ וְלֹא יַֽעַזְבֶנָּה וְיִמְנָעֶנָּה בְּתוֹךְ חִכּֽוֹ׃yachemol-'aleyha-velo'-ya'azevenah-veyimena'enah-vetvokhe-chikhvo
KJV: Though he spare it, and forsake it not; but keep it still within his mouth:
AKJV: Though he spare it, and forsake it not; but keep it still within his mouth:
ASV: Though he spare it, and will not let it go,
YLT: Hath pity on it, and doth not forsake it, And keep it back in the midst of his palate,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 20:13Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 20:13
Job 20:13 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Though he spare it, and forsake it not; but keep it still within his mouth:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 20:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:13
Exposition: Job 20:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Though he spare it, and forsake it not; but keep it still within his mouth:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:14
Hebrew
לַחְמוֹ בְּמֵעָיו נֶהְפָּךְ מְרוֹרַת פְּתָנִים בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃lachemvo-veme'ayv-nehefakhe-mervorat-fetaniym-veqirevvo
KJV: Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him.
AKJV: Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him.
ASV: Yet his food in his bowels is turned,
YLT: His food in his bowels is turned, The bitterness of asps is in his heart.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 20:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 20:14
Job 20:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 20:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:14
Exposition: Job 20:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:15
Hebrew
חַיִל בָּלַע וַיְקִאֶנּוּ מִבִּטְנוֹ יוֹרִשֶׁנּוּ אֵֽל׃chayil-vala'-vayeqi'env-mivitenvo-yvorishenv-'el
KJV: He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: God shall cast them out of his belly.
AKJV: He has swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: God shall cast them out of his belly.
ASV: He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again;
YLT: Wealth he hath swallowed, and doth vomit it. From his belly God driveth it out.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:15
Verse 15 He shall vomit them up again - This is also an allusion to an effect of most ordinary poisons; they occasion a nausea, and often excruciating vomiting; nature striving to eject what it knows, if retained, will be its bane.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 20:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: God shall cast them out of his belly.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:16
Hebrew
רֹאשׁ־פְּתָנִים יִינָק תַּֽהַרְגֵהוּ לְשׁוֹן אֶפְעֶֽה׃ro'sh-fetaniym-yiynaq-taharegehv-leshvon-'efe'eh
KJV: He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper’s tongue shall slay him.
AKJV: He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper’s tongue shall slay him.
ASV: He shall suck the poison of asps:
YLT: Gall of asps he sucketh, Slay him doth the tongue of a viper.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:16
Verse 16 He shall suck the poison of asps - That delicious morsel, that secret, easily-besetting sin, so palatable, and so pleasurable, shall act on the life of his soul, as the poison of asps would do on the life of his body. The poison is called the gall of asps, it being anciently supposed that the poison of serpents consists in their gall, which is thought to be copiously exuded when those animals are enraged; as it has been often seen that their bite is not poisonous when they are not angry. Pliny, in speaking of the various parts of animals, Hist. Nat. lib. xi., c. 37, states, from this circumstance, that in the gall, the poison of serpents consists; ne quis miretur id (fel) venenum esse serpentum. And in lib. xxviii., c. 9, he ranks the gall of horses among the poisons: Damnatur (fel) equinum tantum inter venena. We see, therefore, that the gall was considered to be the source whence the poison of serpents was generated, not only in Arabia, but also in Italy.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Pliny
- Hist
- Nat
- Arabia
- Italy
Exposition: Job 20:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper’s tongue shall slay him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:17
Hebrew
אַל־יֵרֶא בִפְלַגּוֹת נַהֲרֵי נַחֲלֵי דְּבַשׁ וְחֶמְאָֽה׃'al-yere'-vifelagvot-naharey-nachaley-devash-vecheme'ah
KJV: He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter.
AKJV: He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter.
ASV: He shall not look upon the rivers,
YLT: He looketh not on rivulets, Flowing of brooks of honey and butter.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:17
Verse 17 He shall not see the rivers - Mr. Good has the following judicious note on this passage: "Honey and butter are the common results of a rich, well-watered pasturage, offering a perpetual banquet of grass to kine, and of nectar to bees; and thus loading the possessor with the most luscious luxuries of pastoral life, peculiarly so before the discovery of the means of obtaining sugar. The expression appears to have been proverbial; and is certainly used here to denote a very high degree of temporal prosperity." See also Job 29:6. To the Hebrews such expressions were quite familiar. See Exo 3:8; Exo 13:5; Exo 33:3; 2Kgs 18:32; Deu 31:20, and elsewhere. The Greek and Roman writers abound in such images. Milk and honey were such delicacies with the ancients, that Pindar compares his song to them for its smoothness and sweetness: - Χαιρε Φιλος. Εγω τοδε τοι Πεμπω μεμιγμενον μελι λευκῳ Συν γαλακτι· κιρναμενα δ' εερς' αμφεπει πομ' αοιδιμον, Αιολισιν εν πνοαισιν αυλων. Pind. Nem. iii., ver. 133. "Hail, friend! to thee I tune my song; For thee its mingled sweets prepare; Mellifluous accents pour along; Verse, pure as milk, to thee I bear; On all thy actions falls the dew of praise; Pierian draughts thy thirst of fame assuage, And breathing flutes thy songs of triumph raise." J. B. C. Qui te, Pollio, amat, veniat, quo te quoque gaudet; Mella fluant illi, ferat et rubus asper amomum. Virg. Ecl. iii., ver. 88. "Who Pollio loves, and who his muse admires; Let Pollio's fortune crown his full desires Let myrrh, instead of thorn, his fences fill; And showers of honey from his oaks distil!" Dryden. Ovid, describing the golden age, employs the same image: - Flumina jam lactis, jam flumina nectaris ibant; Flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella. Metam. lib. i., ver. 3. "Floods were with milk, and floods with nectar, fill'd; And honey from the sweating oak distill'd." Dryden. Horace employs a similar image in nearly the same words: - Mella cava manant ex ilice, montibus altis; Levis crepante lympha desilit pede. Epod. xvi., ver. 46. "From hollow oaks, where honey'd streams distil, And bounds with noisy foot the pebbled rill." Francis. Job employs the same metaphor, Job 29:6 : - When I washed my steps with butter, And the rock poured out to me rivers of oil. Isaiah, also, Isa 7:22, uses the same when describing the produce of a heifer and two ewes: - From the plenty of milk that they shall produce, He shall eat butter: butter and honey shall he eat, Whosoever is left in the midst of the land. And Joel, Joe 3:18 : - And it shall come to pass in that day, The mountains shall drop down new wine, And the hills shall flow with milk; And all the rivers of Judah shall flow with waters. These expressions denote fertility and abundance; and are often employed to point out the excellence of the promised land, which is frequently denominated a land flowing with milk and honey: and even the superior blessings of the Gospel are thus characterized, Isa 51:1.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 29:6
- 2Kgs 18:32
- Isa 7:22
- Isa 51:1
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Dryden
- Mr
- Pind
- Nem
- Hail
- Pollio
- Virg
- Ecl
- Metam
- Epod
- Francis
- Isaiah
- And Joel
Exposition: Job 20:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:18
Hebrew
מֵשִׁיב יָגָע וְלֹא יִבְלָע כְּחֵיל תְּמוּרָתוֹ וְלֹא יַעֲלֹֽס׃meshiyv-yaga'-velo'-yivela'-khecheyl-temvratvo-velo'-ya'alos
KJV: That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein.
AKJV: That which he labored for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein.
ASV: That which he labored for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down;
YLT: He is giving back what he laboured for, And doth not consume it ; As a bulwark is his exchange, and he exults not.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 20:18Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 20:18
Job 20:18 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 20:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:18
Exposition: Job 20:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:19
Hebrew
כִּֽי־רִצַּץ עָזַב דַּלִּים בַּיִת גָּזַל וְלֹא יִבֶנֵֽהוּ׃khiy-ritzatz-'azav-daliym-vayit-gazal-velo'-yivenehv
KJV: Because he hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor; because he hath violently taken away an house which he builded not;
AKJV: Because he has oppressed and has forsaken the poor; because he has violently taken away an house which he built not;
ASV: For he hath oppressed and forsaken the poor;
YLT: For he oppressed--he forsook the poor, A house he hath taken violently away, And he doth not build it.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:19
Verse 19 He hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor - Literally, He hath broken in pieces the forsaken of the poor; כי רצץ עזב דלים ki ritstsats azab dallim. The poor have fled from famine, and left their children behind them; and this hard-hearted wretch, meaning Job all the while, has suffered them to perish, when he might have saved them alive. He hath violently taken away a house which he builded not - Or rather, He hath thrown down a house, and hath not rebuilt it. By neglecting or destroying the forsaken orphans of the poor, mentioned above, he has destroyed a house, (a family), while he might, by helping the wretched, have preserved the family from becoming extinct.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Literally
Exposition: Job 20:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Because he hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor; because he hath violently taken away an house which he builded not;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:20
Hebrew
כִּי ׀ לֹא־יָדַע שָׁלֵו בְּבִטְנוֹ בַּחֲמוּדוֹ לֹא יְמַלֵּֽט׃khiy- -lo'-yada'-shalev-vevitenvo-vachamvdvo-lo'-yemalet
KJV: Surely he shall not feel quietness in his belly, he shall not save of that which he desired.
AKJV: Surely he shall not feel quietness in his belly, he shall not save of that which he desired.
ASV: Because he knew no quietness within him,
YLT: For he hath not known ease in his belly. With his desirable thing he delivereth not himself.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:20
Verse 20 Surely he shall not feel quietness in his belly - I have already remarked that the word בטן beten, which we translate belly, often means in the sacred Scriptures the whole of the human trunk; the regions of the thorax and abdomen, with their contents; the heart, lungs, liver, etc., and consequently all the thoughts, purposes, and inclinations of the mind, of which those viscera were supposed to be the functionaries. The meaning seems to be, "He shall never be satisfied; he shall have an endless desire after secular good, and shall never be able to obtain what he covets."
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 20:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Surely he shall not feel quietness in his belly, he shall not save of that which he desired.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:21
Hebrew
אֵין־שָׂרִיד לְאָכְלוֹ עַל־כֵּן לֹא־יָחִיל טוּבֽוֹ׃'eyn-shariyd-le'akhelvo-'al-khen-lo'-yachiyl-tvvvo
KJV: There shall none of his meat be left; therefore shall no man look for his goods.
AKJV: There shall none of his meat be left; therefore shall no man look for his goods.
ASV: There was nothing left that he devoured not;
YLT: There is not a remnant to his food, Therefore his good doth not stay.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:21
Verse 21 There shall none of his meat be left - Coverdale translates thus: He devoured so gredily, that he left nothinge behynde, therefore his goodes shal not prospere. He shall be stripped of every thing.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 20:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There shall none of his meat be left; therefore shall no man look for his goods.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:22
Hebrew
בִּמְלֹאות שִׂפְקוֹ יֵצֶר לוֹ כָּל־יַד עָמֵל תְּבוֹאֶֽנּוּ׃vimelo'vt-shifeqvo-yetzer-lvo-khal-yad-'amel-tevvo'env
KJV: In the fulness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits: every hand of the wicked shall come upon him.
AKJV: In the fullness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits: every hand of the wicked shall come on him.
ASV: In the fulness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits:
YLT: In the fulness of his sufficiency he is straitened. Every perverse hand doth meet him.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:22
Verse 22 In the fullness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits - This is a fine saying, and few of the menders of Job's text have been able to improve the version. It is literally true of every great, rich, wicked man; he has no God, and anxieties and perplexities torment him, notwithstanding he has his portion in this life. Every hand of the wicked shall come upon him - All kinds of misery shall be his portion. Coverdale translates: Though he had plenteousnesse of every thinge, yet was he poore; and, therefore, he is but a wretch on every syde.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 20:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'In the fulness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits: every hand of the wicked shall come upon him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:23
Hebrew
יְהִי ׀ לְמַלֵּא בִטְנוֹ יְֽשַׁלַּח־בּוֹ חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ וְיַמְטֵר עָלֵימוֹ בִּלְחוּמֽוֹ׃yehiy- -lemale'-vitenvo-yeshalach-vvo-charvon-'afvo-veyameter-'aleymvo-vilechvmvo
KJV: When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating.
AKJV: When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of his wrath on him, and shall rain it on him while he is eating.
ASV: When he is about to fill his belly,
YLT: It cometh to pass, at the filling of his belly, He sendeth forth against him The fierceness of His anger, Yea, He raineth on him in his eating.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:23Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:23
Verse 23 When he is about to fill his belly - Here seems a plain allusion to the lustings of the children of Israel in the desert. God showered down quails upon them, and showered down his wrath while the flesh was in their mouth. The allusion is too plain to be mistaken; and this gives some countenance to the bishop of Killala's version of Job 20:20 - "Because he acknowledged not the quail in his stomach, In the midst of his delight he shall not escape." That שלו, which we translate quietness, means a quail, also the history of the Hebrews' lustings, Exo 16:2-11, and Num 11:31-35, sufficiently proves. Let the reader mark all the expressions here, Job 20:20-23, and compare them with Num 11:31-35, and he will probably be of opinion that Zophar has that history immediately in view, which speaks of the Hebrews' murmurings for bread and flesh, and the miraculous showers of manna and quails, and the judgments that fell on them for their murmurings. Let us compare a few passages: - Job 20:20. He shall not feel quietness - שלו selav, the quail. "He shall not save of that which he desired." Job 20:21 : "There shall none of his meat be left." Exo 16:19 : "Let no man leave of it till the morning." Job 20:22. In the fullness of his sufficiency, he shall be in straits - Exo 16:20 : "But some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms and stank." Job 20:23. When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating - Num 11:33 : "And while the flesh was yet between their teeth, ere it was chewed, the wrath of the Lord was kindled against the people, and the Lord smote the people with a very great plague." Psa 78:26-30 : "He rained flesh upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea: so they did eat and were filled-but, while the meat was in their mouth, the wrath of God came upon them," etc. These show to what Zophar refers.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 20:20
- Num 11:31-35
- Job 20:20-23
- Job 20:21
- Job 20:22
- Job 20:23
- Num 11:33
Exposition: Job 20:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:24
Hebrew
יִבְרַח מִנֵּשֶׁק בַּרְזֶל תַּחְלְפֵהוּ קֶשֶׁת נְחוּשָֽׁה׃yiverach-minesheq-varezel-tachelefehv-qeshet-nechvshah
KJV: He shall flee from the iron weapon, and the bow of steel shall strike him through.
AKJV: He shall flee from the iron weapon, and the bow of steel shall strike him through.
ASV: He shall flee from the iron weapon,
YLT: He fleeth from an iron weapon, Pass through him doth a bow of brass.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:24
Verse 24 He shall flee from the iron weapon - Or, "Though he should flee from the iron armor, the brazen bow should strike him through." So that yf he fle the yron weapens, he shal be shott with the stele bow - Coverdale. That is, he shall most certainly perish: all kinds of deaths await him.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Or
- Coverdale
Exposition: Job 20:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He shall flee from the iron weapon, and the bow of steel shall strike him through.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:25
Hebrew
שָׁלַף וַיֵּצֵא מִגֵּוָה וּבָרָק מִֽמְּרֹרָתוֹ יַהֲלֹךְ עָלָיו אֵמִֽים׃shalaf-vayetze'-migevah-vvaraq-mimeroratvo-yahalokhe-'alayv-'emiym
KJV: It is drawn, and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his gall: terrors are upon him.
AKJV: It is drawn, and comes out of the body; yes, the glittering sword comes out of his gall: terrors are on him.
ASV: He draweth it forth, and it cometh out of his body;
YLT: One hath drawn, And it cometh out from the body, And a glittering weapon from his gall proceedeth. On him are terrors.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:25Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:25
Verse 25 It is drawn, and cometh out - This refers to archery: The arrow is drawn out of the sheaf or quiver, and discharged from the bow against its mark, and pierces the vitals, and passes through the body. So Coverdale - The arowe shal be taken forth, and go out at his backe.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 20:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'It is drawn, and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his gall: terrors are upon him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:26
Hebrew
כָּל־חֹשֶׁךְ טָמוּן לִצְפּוּנָיו תְּאָכְלֵהוּ אֵשׁ לֹֽא־נֻפָּח יֵרַע שָׂרִיד בְּאָהֳלֽוֹ׃khal-choshekhe-tamvn-litzefvnayv-te'akhelehv-'esh-lo'-nufach-yera'-shariyd-ve'aholvo
KJV: All darkness shall be hid in his secret places: a fire not blown shall consume him; it shall go ill with him that is left in his tabernacle.
AKJV: All darkness shall be hid in his secret places: a fire not blown shall consume him; it shall go ill with him that is left in his tabernacle.
ASV: All darkness is laid up for his treasures:
YLT: All darkness is hid for his treasures, Consume him doth a fire not blown, Broken is the remnant in his tent.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:26Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:26
Verse 26 A fire not blown shall consume him - As Zophar is here showing that the wicked cannot escape from the Divine judgments; so he points out the different instruments which God employs for their destruction. The wrath of God - any secret or supernatural curse. The iron weapon - the spear or such like. The bow, and its swift-flying arrow. Darkness - deep horror and perplexity. A fire not blown - a supernatural fire; lightning: such as fell on Korah, and his company, to whose destruction there is probably here an allusion: hence the words, It shall go ill with him who is left in his tabernacle. "And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron, Separate yourselves from among this congregation, that I may consume them in a moment. Get ye up from about the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. Depart from the tents of these wicked men. There came out a fire from the Lord and consumed the two hundred and fifty men that offered incense;" Num 16:20, etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:26
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Num 16:20
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Moses
- Korah
- Aaron
- Dathan
- Abiram
Exposition: Job 20:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'All darkness shall be hid in his secret places: a fire not blown shall consume him; it shall go ill with him that is left in his tabernacle.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:27
Hebrew
יְגַלּוּ שָׁמַיִם עֲוֺנוֹ וְאֶרֶץ מִתְקוֹמָמָה לֽוֹ׃yegalv-shamayim-'avnvo-ve'eretz-miteqvomamah-lvo
KJV: The heaven shall reveal his iniquity; and the earth shall rise up against him.
AKJV: The heaven shall reveal his iniquity; and the earth shall rise up against him.
ASV: The heavens shall reveal his iniquity,
YLT: Reveal do the heavens his iniquity, And earth is raising itself against him.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:27Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:27
Verse 27 The heaven shall reveal his iniquity; and the earth shall rise up against him - Another allusion, if I mistake not, to the destruction of Korah and his company. The heaven revealed their iniquity; God declared out of heaven his judgment of their rebellion. "And the glory of the Lord appeared unto all the congregation;" Num 16:20, etc. And then the earth rose up against them. "The ground clave asunder that was under them, and the earth opened her mouth and swallowed them up; and they went down alive into the pit, and the earth closed upon them;" Num 16:31-33.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:27
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Num 16:20
- Num 16:31-33
Exposition: Job 20:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The heaven shall reveal his iniquity; and the earth shall rise up against him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:28
Hebrew
יִגֶל יְבוּל בֵּיתוֹ נִגָּרוֹת בְּיוֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃yigel-yevvl-veytvo-nigarvot-veyvom-'afvo
KJV: The increase of his house shall depart, and his goods shall flow away in the day of his wrath.
AKJV: The increase of his house shall depart, and his goods shall flow away in the day of his wrath.
ASV: The increase of his house shall depart;
YLT: Remove doth the increase of his house, Poured forth in a day of His anger.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:28Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:28
Verse 28 The increase of his house shall depart, and his goods shall flow away in the day of his wrath - A farther allusion to the punishment of the rebellious company of Korah, who not only perished themselves, but their houses also, and their goods. Num 16:32. These examples were all in point, on the ground assumed by Zophar; and such well-attested facts would not be passed over by him, had he known the record of them; and that he did know it, alludes to it, and quotes the very circumstances, is more than probable.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:28
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Num 16:32
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Korah
- Zophar
Exposition: Job 20:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The increase of his house shall depart, and his goods shall flow away in the day of his wrath.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 20:29
Hebrew
זֶה ׀ חֵֽלֶק־אָדָם רָשָׁע מֵאֱלֹהִים וְנַחֲלַת אִמְרוֹ מֵאֵֽל׃zeh- -cheleq-'adam-rasha'-me'elohiym-venachalat-'imervo-me'el
KJV: This is the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage appointed unto him by God.
AKJV: This is the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage appointed to him by God.
ASV: This is the portion of a wicked man from God,
YLT: This is the portion of a wicked man from God. And an inheritance appointed him by God.
Commentary WitnessJob 20:29Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 20:29
Verse 29 This is the portion - As God has dealt with the murmuring Israelites, and with the rebellious sons of Korah, so will he deal with those who murmur against the dispensations of his providence, and rebel against his authority. Instead of an earthly portion, and an ecclesiastical heritage, such as Korah, Dathan, and Abiram sought; they shall have fire from God to scorch them, and the earth to swallow them up. Dr. Stock, bishop of Killala, who has noticed the allusion to the quails, and for which he has been most unmeritedly ridiculed, gives us the following note on the passage: - "Here I apprehend is a fresh example of the known usage of Hebrew poets, in adorning their compositions by allusions to facts in the history of their own people. It has escaped all the interpreters; and it is the more important, because it fixes the date of this poem, so far as to prove its having been composed subsequently to the transgression of Israel, at Kibroth Hattaavah, recorded in Num 11:33, Num 11:34. Because the wicked acknowledges not the quail, that is, the meat with which God has filled his stomach; but, like the ungrateful Israelites, crammed, and blasphemed his feeder, as Milton finely expresses it, he shall experience the same punishment with them, and be cut off in the midst of his enjoyment, as Moses tells us the people were who lusted." If I mistake not, I have added considerable strength to the prelate's reasoning, by showing that there is a reference also to the history of the manna, and to that which details the rebellion of Korah and his company; and if so, (and they may dispute who please), it is a proof that the Book of Job is not so old as, much less older than, the Pentateuch, as some have endeavored to prove, but with no evidence of success, at least to my mind: a point which never has been, and I am certain never can be, proved; which has multitudes of presumptions against it, and not one clear incontestable fact for it. Mr. Good has done more in this case than any of his predecessors, and yet Mr. Good has failed; no wonder then that others, unmerciful criticisers of the bishop of Killala, have failed also, who had not a tenth part of Mr. Good's learning, nor one-hundredth part of his critical acumen. It is, however, strange that men cannot suffer others to differ from them on a subject of confessed difficulty and comparatively little importance, without raising up the cry of heresy against them, and treating them with superciliousness and contempt! These should know, if they are clergymen, whether dignified or not, that such conduct ill becomes the sacerdotal character; and that ante barbam docet senes cannot be always spoken to the teacher's advantage. As a good story is not the worse for being twice told, the following lines from a clergyman, who, for his humility and piety, was as much an honor to his vocation as he was to human nature, may not be amiss, in point of advice to all Warburtonian spirits: - "Be calm in arguing, for fierceness makes Error a fault, and truth discourtesy. Why should I feel another man's mistakes More than his sickness or his poverty? In love I should: but anger is not love Nor wisdom neither; therefore, gently move. Calmness is great advantage: he that lets Another chafe, may warm him at his fire, Mark all his wanderings, and enjoy his frets; As cunning fencers suffer heat to tire. Truth dwells not in the clouds: the bow that's there Doth often aim at, never hit, the sphere." Hebert. Dr. Stock's work on the Book of Job will stand honourably on the same shelf with the best on this difficult subject.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:29
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Num 11:33
- Num 11:34
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Moses
- Israelites
- Korah
- Dathan
- Dr
- Stock
- Killala
- Israel
- Kibroth Hattaavah
- Pentateuch
- Mr
- Hebert
Exposition: Job 20:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage appointed unto him by God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
23
Generated editorial witnesses
6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Job 20:1-9
- Job 20:10-14
- Job 20:15-23
- Job 20:24-29
- Job 20:1
- Job 20:2
- Job 19:2
- Job 19:3
- Job 20:3
- Job 20:4
- Job 20:5
- Job 20:6
- Job 20:7
- Job 19:26
- Job 20:8
- Job 20:9
- Job 20:10
- Job 20:11
- Job 20:13
- Job 20:14
- Job 20:12
- Job 20:15
- Job 20:16
- Job 29:6
- 2Kgs 18:32
- Isa 7:22
- Isa 51:1
- Job 20:17
- Job 20:18
- Job 20:19
- Job 20:20
- Job 20:21
- Job 20:22
- Num 11:31-35
- Job 20:20-23
- Job 20:23
- Num 11:33
- Job 20:24
- Job 20:25
- Num 16:20
- Job 20:26
- Num 16:31-33
- Job 20:27
- Num 16:32
- Job 20:28
- Num 11:34
- Job 20:29
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Job
- Mr
- Literally
- Adam
- Ham
- Calmet
- Pliny
- Hist
- Nat
- Arabia
- Italy
- Ovid
- Dryden
- Pind
- Nem
- Hail
- Pollio
- Virg
- Ecl
- Metam
- Epod
- Francis
- Isaiah
- And Joel
- Or
- Coverdale
- Moses
- Korah
- Aaron
- Dathan
- Abiram
- Zophar
- Israelites
- Dr
- Stock
- Killala
- Israel
- Kibroth Hattaavah
- Pentateuch
- Hebert
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Philippians
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Colossians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
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What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
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Commentary Witness
Job 20:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 20:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness