Apologetics Bible
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Apologetics exposition helps trace how passages function in canonical argument, what doctrinal claims they touch, and how themes connect across the 66 books.
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Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Job_21
- Primary Witness Text: But Job answered and said, Hear diligently my speech, and let this be your consolations. Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on. As for me, is my complaint to man? and if it were so, why should not my spirit be troubled? Mark me, and be astonished, and lay your hand upon your mouth. Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling taketh hold on my flesh. Wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in power? Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes. Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them. Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf. They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance. They take the timbrel and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the organ. They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways. What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? and what profit should we have, if we pray unto him? Lo, their good is not in their hand: the counsel of the wicked is far from me. How oft is the candle of the wicked put out! and how oft cometh their destruction upon them! God distributeth sorrows in his anger. They are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm carrieth away. God layeth up his iniquity for his children: he rewardeth him, and he shall know it. His eyes shall see h...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Job_21
- Chapter Blob Preview: But Job answered and said, Hear diligently my speech, and let this be your consolations. Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on. As for me, is my complaint to man? and if it were so, why should not my spirit be troubled? Mark me, and be astonished, and lay your hand upon your mouth. Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling taketh hold on my fle...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
Job's friends represent the dominant ancient Near Eastern theodicy: suffering = sin. God's answer from the whirlwind (chs. 38-41) does not explain the suffering but confronts Job with the staggering scale and wisdom of the creation — demanding the creature's epistemological humility before the Creator. Job 19:25-27 ("I know that my Redeemer lives") stands as the OT's most personal resurrection confession.
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Verse-by-verse study lane
Job 21:1
Hebrew
וַיַּעַן אִיּוֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃vaya'an-'iyvov-vayo'mar
KJV: But Job answered and said,
AKJV: But Job answered and said,
ASV: Then Job answered and said,
YLT: And Job answereth and saith: --
Exposition: Job 21:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Job answered and said,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:2
Hebrew
שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמוֹעַ מִלָּתִי וּתְהִי־זֹאת תַּנְחוּמֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃shime'v-shamvo'a-milatiy-vtehiy-zo't-tanechvmoteykhem
KJV: Hear diligently my speech, and let this be your consolations.
AKJV: Hear diligently my speech, and let this be your consolations.
ASV: Hear diligently my speech;
YLT: Hear ye diligently my word, And this is your consolation.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:2
Verse 2 Let this be your consolations - ותהי זאת תנחומתיכם uthehi zoth tanchumotheychem may be translated, "And let this be your retractations." Let what I am about to say induce you to retract what you have said, and to recall your false judgments. נחם nacham signifies, not only to comfort, but to change one's mind, to repent; hence the Vulgate translates et agite paenitentiam, "and repent," which Coverdale follows in his version, and amende yourselves. Some suppose the verse to be understood ironically: I am now about to give you consolations for those you have given me. When I have done, then turn them into mockery if you please.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
Exposition: Job 21:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hear diligently my speech, and let this be your consolations.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:3
Hebrew
שָׂאוּנִי וְאָנֹכִי אֲדַבֵּר וְאַחַר דַּבְּרִי תַלְעִֽיג׃sha'vniy-ve'anokhiy-'adaver-ve'achar-daveriy-tale'iyg
KJV: Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on.
AKJV: Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on.
ASV: Suffer me, and I also will speak;
YLT: Bear with me, and I speak, And after my speaking--ye may deride.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 21:3Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 21:3
Job 21:3 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 21:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 21:3
Exposition: Job 21:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:4
Hebrew
הֶאָנֹכִי לְאָדָם שִׂיחִי וְאִם־מַדּוּעַ לֹא־תִקְצַר רוּחִֽי׃he'anokhiy-le'adam-shiychiy-ve'im-madv'a-lo'-tiqetzar-rvchiy
KJV: As for me, is my complaint to man? and if it were so, why should not my spirit be troubled?
AKJV: As for me, is my complaint to man? and if it were so, why should not my spirit be troubled?
ASV: As for me, is my complaint to man?
YLT: I--to man is my complaint? and if so , wherefore May not my temper become short?
Commentary WitnessJob 21:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:4
Verse 4 As for me - האנכי heanochi, "Alas for me!" Is it not with a man that I speak? And, if this be the case, why should not my spirit be troubled? I do not reply against my Maker: I suffer much from God and man; why then may I not have the privilege of complaining to creatures like myself?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- And
- Maker
Exposition: Job 21:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'As for me, is my complaint to man? and if it were so, why should not my spirit be troubled?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:5
Hebrew
פְּנוּ־אֵלַי וְהָשַׁמּוּ וְשִׂימוּ יָד עַל־פֶּֽה׃fenv-'elay-vehashamv-veshiymv-yad-'al-feh
KJV: Mark me, and be astonished, and lay your hand upon your mouth.
AKJV: Mark me, and be astonished, and lay your hand on your mouth.
ASV: Mark me, and be astonished,
YLT: Turn unto me, and be astonished, And put hand to mouth.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:5
Verse 5 Mark me, and be astonished - Consider and compare the state in which I was once, with that in which I am now; and be astonished at the judgments and dispensations of God. You will then be confounded; you will put your hands upon your mouths, and keep silent. Putting the hand on the mouth, or the finger on the lips, was the token of silence. The Egyptian god Harpocrates, who was the god of silence, is represented with his finger compressing his upper lip.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Harpocrates
Exposition: Job 21:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Mark me, and be astonished, and lay your hand upon your mouth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:6
Hebrew
וְאִם־זָכַרְתִּי וְנִבְהָלְתִּי וְאָחַז בְּשָׂרִי פַּלָּצֽוּת׃ve'im-zakharetiy-venivehaletiy-ve'achaz-veshariy-falatzvt
KJV: Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling taketh hold on my flesh.
AKJV: Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling takes hold on my flesh.
ASV: Even when I remember I am troubled,
YLT: Yea, if I have remembered, then I have been troubled. And my flesh hath taken fright.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:6
Verse 6 I am afraid - I am about to speak of the mysterious workings of Providence; and I tremble at the thought of entering into a detail on such a subject; my very flesh trembles.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Providence
Exposition: Job 21:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling taketh hold on my flesh.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:7
Hebrew
מַדּוּעַ רְשָׁעִים יִחְיוּ עָתְקוּ גַּם־גָּבְרוּ חָֽיִל׃madv'a-resha'iym-yicheyv-'ateqv-gam-gaverv-chayil
KJV: Wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in power?
AKJV: Why do the wicked live, become old, yes, are mighty in power?
ASV: Wherefore do the wicked live,
YLT: Wherefore do the wicked live? They have become old, Yea, they have been mighty in wealth.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:7
Verse 7 Wherefore do the wicked live - You have frequently asserted that the wicked are invariably punished in this life; and that the righteous are ever distinguished by the strongest marks of God's providential kindness; how then does it come that many wicked men live long and prosperously, and at last die in peace, without any evidence whatever of God's displeasure? This is a fact that is occurring daily; none can deny it; how then will you reconcile it with your maxims?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
Exposition: Job 21:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in power?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:8
Hebrew
זַרְעָם נָכוֹן לִפְנֵיהֶם עִמָּם וְצֶאֱצָאֵיהֶם לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃zare'am-nakhvon-lifeneyhem-'imam-vetze'etza'eyhem-le'eyneyhem
KJV: Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes.
AKJV: Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes.
ASV: Their seed is established with them in their sight,
YLT: Their seed is established, Before their face with them, And their offspring before their eyes.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:8
Verse 8 Their seed is established - They see their own children grow up, and become settled in the land; and behold their children's children also; so that their generations are not cut off. Even the posterity of the wicked continue.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:9
Hebrew
בָּתֵּיהֶם שָׁלוֹם מִפָּחַד וְלֹא שֵׁבֶט אֱלוֹהַּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃vateyhem-shalvom-mifachad-velo'-shevet-'elvoha-'aleyhem
KJV: Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them.
AKJV: Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God on them.
ASV: Their houses are safe from fear,
YLT: Their houses are peace without fear, Nor is a rod of God upon them.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 21:9Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 21:9
Job 21:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 21:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 21:9
Exposition: Job 21:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:10
Hebrew
שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר וְלֹא יַגְעִל תְּפַלֵּט פָּרָתוֹ וְלֹא תְשַׁכֵּֽל׃shvorvo-'ivar-velo'-yage'il-tefalet-faratvo-velo'-teshakhel
KJV: Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf.
AKJV: Their bull engenders, and fails not; their cow calves, and casts not her calf.
ASV: Their bull gendereth, and faileth not;
YLT: His bullock hath eaten corn, and doth not loath. His cow bringeth forth safely, And doth not miscarry.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:10
Verse 10 Their bull gendereth - עבר ibbar, passes over, i.e., on the cow, referring to the actions of the bull when coupling with the female. Their flocks multiply greatly, they bring forth in time, and none of them is barren.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:11
Hebrew
יְשַׁלְּחוּ כַצֹּאן עֲוִילֵיהֶם וְיַלְדֵיהֶם יְרַקֵּדֽוּן׃yeshalechv-khatzo'n-'aviyleyhem-veyaledeyhem-yeraqedvn
KJV: They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance.
AKJV: They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance.
ASV: They send forth their little ones like a flock,
YLT: They send forth as a flock their sucklings, And their children skip,
Commentary WitnessJob 21:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:11
Verse 11 They send forth their little ones - It is not very clear whether this refers to the young of the flocks or to their children. The first clause may mean the former, the next clause the latter; while the young of their cattle are in flocks, their numerous children are healthy and vigorous, and dance for joy.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:12
Hebrew
יִשְׂאוּ כְּתֹף וְכִנּוֹר וְיִשְׂמְחוּ לְקוֹל עוּגָֽב׃yishe'v-khetof-vekhinvor-veyishemechv-leqvol-'vgav
KJV: They take the timbrel and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the organ.
AKJV: They take the tambourine and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the organ.
ASV: They sing to the timbrel and harp,
YLT: They lift themselves up at timbrel and harp, And rejoice at the sound of an organ.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:12
Verse 12 They take the timbrel and harp - ישאו yisu, they rise up or lift themselves up, probably alluding to the rural exercise of dancing. תף toph, which we translate timbrel, means a sort of drum, such as the tom-tom of the Asiatics. כנור kinnor may mean something of the harp kind. עוגב ugab, organ, means nothing like the instrument now called the organ, though thus translated both by the Septuagint and Vulgate; it probably means the syrinx, composed of several unequal pipes, close at the bottom, which when blown into at the top, gives a very shrill and lively sound. To these instruments the youth are represented as dancing joyfully. Mr. Good translates: "They trip merrily to the sound of the pipe." And illustrates his translation with the following verse: - "Now pursuing, now retreating,Now in circling troops they meet; To brisk notes in cadence beating,Glance their many twinkling feet." The original is intended to convey the true notion of the gambols of the rustic nymphs and swains on festival occasions, and let it be observed that this is spoken of the children of those who say unto God, "Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways. What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? and what profit should we have if we pray unto him?" Job 21:14, Job 21:15. Is it any wonder that the children of such parents should be living to the flesh, and serving the lusts of the flesh? for neither they nor their parents know God, nor pray unto him.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 21:14
- Job 21:15
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Ray
- Asiatics
- Mr
- Almighty
Exposition: Job 21:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They take the timbrel and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the organ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:13
Hebrew
יבלו יְכַלּוּ בַטּוֹב יְמֵיהֶם וּבְרֶגַע שְׁאוֹל יֵחָֽתּוּ׃yvlv-yekhalv-vatvov-yemeyhem-vverega'-she'vol-yechatv
KJV: They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave.
AKJV: They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave.
ASV: They spend their days in prosperity,
YLT: They wear out in good their days, And in a moment to Sheol go down.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:13
Verse 13 They spend their days in wealth - There is a various reading here of some importance. In the text we have יבלו yeballu, they grow old, or wear out as with old age, terent vetustate; and in the margin, יכלו yechallu, they consume; and the Masora states that this is one of the eleven words which are written with ב beth and must be read with כ caph. Several editions have the former word in the text, and the latter in the margin; the former being what is called the kethib, the latter keri. יבלו yeballu, they grow old, or wear out, is the reading of the Antwerp, Paris, and London Polyglots; יכלו yechallu, they accomplish or spend, is the reading of the Complutensian Polyglot, thirteen of Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS., the Septuagint, Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. The Vulgate has ducunt, "they lead or spend," from which our translation is borrowed. I incline to the former, as Job's argument derives considerable strength from this circumstance; they not only spend their days in faring sumptuously every day; but they even wear out so as to grow old in it; they are not cut off by any sudden judgment of God. This is fact; therefore your doctrine, that the wicked are cut off suddenly and have but a short time, is far from the truth. In a moment go down to the grave - They wear out their years in pleasure; grow old in their gay and giddy life; and die, as in a moment, without previous sickness; or, as Mr. Good has it, They quietly descend into the grave.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Antwerp
- Paris
- London Polyglots
- Complutensian Polyglot
- Chaldee
- Syriac
- Arabic
- Mr
Exposition: Job 21:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:14
Hebrew
וַיֹּאמְרוּ לָאֵל סוּר מִמֶּנּוּ וְדַעַת דְּרָכֶיךָ לֹא חָפָֽצְנוּ׃vayo'merv-la'el-svr-mimenv-veda'at-derakheykha-lo'-chafatzenv
KJV: Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways.
AKJV: Therefore they say to God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of your ways.
ASV: And they say unto God, Depart from us;
YLT: And they say to God, `Turn aside from us, And the knowledge of Thy ways We have not desired.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:14Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:14
Verse 14 They say unto God - This is the language of their conduct, though not directly of their lips. Depart from us - Let us alone; we do not trouble thee. Thy ways are painful; we do not like cross-bearing. Thy ways are spiritual; we wish to live after the flesh. We have learned to do our own will; we do not wish to study thine.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:15
Hebrew
מַה־שַׁדַּי כִּֽי־נַֽעַבְדֶנּוּ וּמַה־נּוֹעִיל כִּי נִפְגַּע־בּֽוֹ׃mah-shaday-khiy-na'avedenv-vmah-nvo'iyl-khiy-nifega'-vvo
KJV: What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? and what profit should we have, if we pray unto him?
AKJV: What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? and what profit should we have, if we pray to him?
ASV: What is the Almighty, that we should serve him?
YLT: What is the Mighty One that we serve Him? And what do we profit when we meet with Him?'
Commentary WitnessJob 21:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:15
Verse 15 What is the Almighty - What allegiance do we owe to him? We feel no obligation to obey him; and what profit can we derive from prayer? We are as happy as flesh and blood can make us: our kingdom is of this world; we wish for no other portion than that which we have. Those who have never prayed as they ought know nothing of the benefits of prayer.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
Exposition: Job 21:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? and what profit should we have, if we pray unto him?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:16
Hebrew
הֵן לֹא בְיָדָם טוּבָם עֲצַת רְשָׁעִים רָחֲקָה מֶֽנִּי׃hen-lo'-veyadam-tvvam-'atzat-resha'iym-rachaqah-meniy
KJV: Lo, their good is not in their hand: the counsel of the wicked is far from me.
AKJV: See, their good is not in their hand: the counsel of the wicked is far from me.
ASV: Lo, their prosperity is not in their hand:
YLT: Lo, not in their hand is their good, (The counsel of the wicked Hath been far from me.)
Commentary WitnessJob 21:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:16
Verse 16 Their good is not in their hand - With all their boasting and self-dependence, God only lends them his bounty; and though it appears to be their own, yet it is at his disposal. Some of the wicked he permits to live and die in affluence, provided it be acquired in the ordinary way of his providence, by trade, commerce, etc. Others he permits to possess it for a while only, and then strips them of their illegally procured property. The counsel of the wicked is far from me - Some understand the words thus: "Far be it from me to advocate the cause of the wicked." I have nothing in common with them, and am not their apologist. I state a fact: they are often found in continual prosperity. I state another fact: they are often found in wretchedness and misery.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
Exposition: Job 21:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Lo, their good is not in their hand: the counsel of the wicked is far from me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:17
Hebrew
כַּמָּה ׀ נֵר־רְשָׁעִים יִדְעָךְ וְיָבֹא עָלֵימוֹ אֵידָם חֲבָלִים יְחַלֵּק בְּאַפּֽוֹ׃khamah- -ner-resha'iym-yide'akhe-veyavo'-'aleymvo-'eydam-chavaliym-yechaleq-ve'afvo
KJV: How oft is the candle of the wicked put out! and how oft cometh their destruction upon them! God distributeth sorrows in his anger.
AKJV: How oft is the candle of the wicked put out! and how oft comes their destruction on them! God distributes sorrows in his anger.
ASV: How oft is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out?
YLT: How oft is the lamp of the wicked extinguished, And come on them doth their calamity? Pangs He apportioneth in His anger.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:17
Verse 17 How oft is the candle of the wicked put out? - The candle or lamp is often used, both as the emblem of prosperity and of posterity. Oftentimes the rejoicing of the wicked is short; and, not unfrequently, his seed is cut off from the earth. The root is dried up, and the branch is withered. God distributeth sorrows in his anger - He must be incensed against those who refuse to know, serve, and pray unto him. In his anger, therefore, he portions out to each his due share of misery, vexation, and wo.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
Exposition: Job 21:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'How oft is the candle of the wicked put out! and how oft cometh their destruction upon them! God distributeth sorrows in his anger.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:18
Hebrew
יִהְיוּ כְּתֶבֶן לִפְנֵי־רוּחַ וּכְמֹץ גְּנָבַתּוּ סוּפָֽה׃yiheyv-kheteven-lifeney-rvcha-vkhemotz-genavatv-svfah
KJV: They are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm carrieth away.
AKJV: They are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm carries away.
ASV: That they are as stubble before the wind,
YLT: They are as straw before wind, And as chaff a hurricane hath stolen away,
Commentary WitnessJob 21:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:18
Verse 18 They are as stubble before the wind - "His fan is in his hand; he will thoroughly cleanse his floor, and the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire. Therefore the wicked shall not stand in the judgment, but shall be like the chaff which the wind driveth away." Were not this a common thought, I should have supposed that the author of this book borrowed it from Psa 1:4. The original signifies that they shall be carried away by a furious storm; and borne off as booty is by the swift-riding robbers of the desert, who make a sudden irruption, and then set off at full speed with their prey.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm carrieth away.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:19
Hebrew
אֱלוֹהַּ יִצְפֹּן־לְבָנָיו אוֹנוֹ יְשַׁלֵּם אֵלָיו וְיֵדָֽע׃'elvoha-yitzefon-levanayv-'vonvo-yeshalem-'elayv-veyeda'
KJV: God layeth up his iniquity for his children: he rewardeth him, and he shall know it.
AKJV: God lays up his iniquity for his children: he rewards him, and he shall know it.
ASV: Ye say, God layeth up his iniquity for his children.
YLT: God layeth up for his sons his sorrow, He giveth recompense unto him--and he knoweth.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:19
Verse 19 God layeth up his iniquity for his children - This is according to the declaration of God, Exo 20:5 : "Visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me." This always supposes that the children, who are thus visited, have copied their parents' example; or that ill-gotten property is found in their hands, which has descended to them from their wicked fathers; and of this God, in his judgments, strips them. It is, however, very natural to suppose that children brought up without the fear of God will walk in the sight of their own eyes, and according to the imaginations of their own hearts. He rewardeth him, and he shall know it - He shall so visit his transgressions upon him, that he shall at last discern that it is God who hath done it. And thus they will find that there would have been profit in serving him, and safety in praying unto him. But this they have neglected, and now it is too late.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
Exposition: Job 21:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'God layeth up his iniquity for his children: he rewardeth him, and he shall know it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:20
Hebrew
יִרְאוּ עינו עֵינָיו כִּידוֹ וּמֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃yire'v-'ynv-'eynayv-khiydvo-vmechamat-shaday-yisheteh
KJV: His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
AKJV: His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
ASV: Let his own eyes see his destruction,
YLT: His own eyes see his destruction, And of the wrath of the Mighty he drinketh.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:20
Verse 20 His eyes shall see his destruction - He shall perceive its approach, and have the double punishment of fearing and feeling; feeling a Thousand deaths in fearing One. He shall drink of the wrath - The cup of God's wrath, the cup of trembling, etc., is frequently expressed or referred to in the sacred writings, Deu 32:33; Isa 51:17-22; Jer 25:15; Rev 14:8. It appears to be a metaphor taken from those cups of poison which certain criminals were obliged to drink. A cup of the juice of hemlock was the wrath or punishment assigned by the Athenian magistrates to the philosopher Socrates.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Isa 51:17-22
- Jer 25:15
- Rev 14:8
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Philo
- One
- Socrates
Exposition: Job 21:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:21
Hebrew
כִּי מַה־חֶפְצוֹ בְּבֵיתוֹ אַחֲרָיו וּמִסְפַּר חֳדָשָׁיו חֻצָּֽצוּ׃khiy-mah-chefetzvo-veveytvo-'acharayv-vmisefar-chodashayv-chutzatzv
KJV: For what pleasure hath he in his house after him, when the number of his months is cut off in the midst?
AKJV: For what pleasure has he in his house after him, when the number of his months is cut off in the middle?
ASV: For what careth he for his house after him,
YLT: For what is his delight in his house after him, And the number of his months cut off?
Commentary WitnessJob 21:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:21
Verse 21 For what pleasure hath he in his house after him - What may happen to his posterity he neither knows nor cares for, as he is now numbered with the dead, and numbered with them before he had lived out half his years. Some have translated the verse thus: "Behold how speedily God destroys the house of the wicked after him! How he shortens the number of his months!"
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For what pleasure hath he in his house after him, when the number of his months is cut off in the midst?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:22
Hebrew
הַלְאֵל יְלַמֶּד־דָּעַת וְהוּא רָמִים יִשְׁפּֽוֹט׃hale'el-yelamed-da'at-vehv'-ramiym-yishefvot
KJV: Shall any teach God knowledge? seeing he judgeth those that are high.
AKJV: Shall any teach God knowledge? seeing he judges those that are high.
ASV: Shall any teach God knowledge,
YLT: To God doth one teach knowledge, And He the high doth judge?
Commentary WitnessJob 21:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:22
Verse 22 Shall any teach God knowledge? - Who among the sons of men can pretend to teach God how to govern the world, who himself teaches those that are high - the heavenly inhabitants, that excel us infinitely both in knowledge and wisdom? Neither angels nor men can comprehend the reasons of the Divine providence. It is a depth known only to God.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
Exposition: Job 21:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Shall any teach God knowledge? seeing he judgeth those that are high.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:23
Hebrew
זֶה יָמוּת בְּעֶצֶם תֻּמּוֹ כֻּלּוֹ שַׁלְאֲנַן וְשָׁלֵֽיו׃zeh-yamvt-ve'etzem-tumvo-khulvo-shale'anan-veshaleyv
KJV: One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.
AKJV: One dies in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.
ASV: One dieth in his full strength,
YLT: This one dieth in his perfect strength, Wholly at ease and quiet.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:23Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:23
Verse 23 One dieth in his full strength - In this and the three following verses Job shows that the inequality of fortune, goods, health, strength, etc., decides nothing either for or against persons in reference to the approbation or disapprobation of God, as these various lots are no indications of their wickedness or innocence. One has a sudden, another a lingering death; but by none of these can their eternal states be determined.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:24
Hebrew
עֲטִינָיו מָלְאוּ חָלָב וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֹתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּֽה׃'atiynayv-male'v-chalav-vmocha-'atzemvotayv-yeshuqeh
KJV: His breasts are full of milk, and his bones are moistened with marrow.
AKJV: His breasts are full of milk, and his bones are moistened with marrow.
ASV: His pails are full of milk,
YLT: His breasts have been full of milk, And marrow his bones doth moisten.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:24
Verse 24 His breasts are full of milk - The word עטיניו atinaiv, which occurs nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible, is most likely an Arabic term, but probably so provincial as to be now lost. (Arabic) atana signifies to macerate hides so as to take off the hair: hence Mr. Good thinks it means here, that sleekness of skin which is the effect of fatness both in man and beast. But as the radical idea signifies to stink, as leather does which is thus macerated, I cannot see how this meaning can apply here. Under the root עטן atan, Mr. Parkhurst gives the following definitions:" עטן occurs, not as a verb, but as a noun masculine plural, in construction, עטיני atiney, the bowels, intestines; once Job 21:24, עטיניו atinaiv, his bowels or intestines, are full of, or abound with, חלב chalab, fat. So the lxx.: Τα δε εγκατα αυτου πληρη στεατος. The Vulgate: Viscera, ejus plena sent adipe, 'his intestines are full of fat.' May not עטינים atinim be a noun masculine plural from עטה atah, to involve, formed as גליונים gailyonim, mirrors, from גלה galah, to reveal? And may nor the intestines, including those fatty parts, the mesentery and omentum, be so called on account of their wonderful involutions?" I think this conjecture to be as likely as any that has yet been formed.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 21:24
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- Hebrew Bible
- Mr
- The Vulgate
- Viscera
Exposition: Job 21:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'His breasts are full of milk, and his bones are moistened with marrow.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:25
Hebrew
וְזֶה יָמוּת בְּנֶפֶשׁ מָרָה וְלֹֽא־אָכַל בַּטּוֹבָֽה׃vezeh-yamvt-venefesh-marah-velo'-'akhal-vatvovah
KJV: And another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and never eateth with pleasure.
AKJV: And another dies in the bitterness of his soul, and never eats with pleasure.
ASV: And another dieth in bitterness of soul,
YLT: And this one dieth with a bitter soul, And have not eaten with gladness.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 21:25Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 21:25
Job 21:25 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and never eateth with pleasure.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 21:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 21:25
Exposition: Job 21:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and never eateth with pleasure.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:26
Hebrew
יַחַד עַל־עָפָר יִשְׁכָּבוּ וְרִמָּה תְּכַסֶּה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃yachad-'al-'afar-yishekhavv-verimah-tekhaseh-'aleyhem
KJV: They shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover them.
AKJV: They shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover them.
ASV: They lie down alike in the dust,
YLT: Together--on the dust they lie down, And the worm doth cover them over.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:26Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:26
Verse 26 They shall lie down alike in the dust - Death levels all distinctions, and the grave makes all equal. There may be a difference in the grave itself; but the human corpse is the same in all. Splendid monuments enshrine corruption; but the sod must lie close and heavy upon the putrefying carcass, to prevent it from becoming the bane of the living.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:26
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:27
Hebrew
הֵן יָדַעְתִּי מַחְשְׁבֽוֹתֵיכֶם וּמְזִמּוֹת עָלַי תַּחְמֹֽסוּ׃hen-yada'etiy-macheshevvoteykhem-vmezimvot-'alay-tachemosv
KJV: Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye wrongfully imagine against me.
AKJV: Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which you wrongfully imagine against me.
ASV: Behold, I know your thoughts,
YLT: Lo, I have known your thoughts, And the devices against me ye do wrongfully.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:27Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:27
Verse 27 I know your thoughts - Ye still think that, because I am grievously afflicted, I must therefore be a felonious transgressor.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:27
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye wrongfully imagine against me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:28
Hebrew
כִּי תֹֽאמְרוּ אַיֵּה בֵית־נָדִיב וְאַיֵּה אֹהֶל ׀ מִשְׁכְּנוֹת רְשָׁעִֽים׃khiy-to'merv-'ayeh-veyt-nadiyv-ve'ayeh-'ohel- -mishekhenvot-resha'iym
KJV: For ye say, Where is the house of the prince? and where are the dwelling places of the wicked?
AKJV: For you say, Where is the house of the prince? and where are the dwelling places of the wicked?
ASV: For ye say, Where is the house of the prince?
YLT: For ye say, `Where is the house of the noble? And where the tent--The tabernacles of the wicked?'
Commentary WitnessJob 21:28Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:28
Verse 28 For ye say, Where is the house of the prince? - In order to prove your point, ye ask, Where is the house of the tyrant and oppressor? Are they not overthrown and destroyed? And is not this a proof that God does not permit the wicked to enjoy prosperity?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:28
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For ye say, Where is the house of the prince? and where are the dwelling places of the wicked?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:29
Hebrew
הֲלֹא שְׁאֶלְתֶּם עוֹבְרֵי דָרֶךְ וְאֹתֹתָם לֹא תְנַכֵּֽרוּ׃halo'-she'eletem-'voverey-darekhe-ve'ototam-lo'-tenakherv
KJV: Have ye not asked them that go by the way? and do ye not know their tokens,
AKJV: Have you not asked them that go by the way? and do you not know their tokens,
ASV: Have ye not asked wayfaring men?
YLT: Have ye not asked those passing by the way? And their signs do ye not know?
Commentary WitnessJob 21:29Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:29
Verse 29 Have ye not asked them that go by the way? - This appears to be Job's answer. Consult travelers who have gone through different countries; and they will tell you that they have seen both examples - the wicked in great prosperity in some instances, while suddenly destroyed in others. See at the end of the chapter, Job 21:34 (note). Do ye not know their tokens - Mr. Good translates the whole verse thus: "Surely thou canst never have inquired of men of travel; or thou couldst not have been ignorant of their tokens. Hadst thou made proper inquiries, thou wouldst have heard of their awful end in a thousand instances. And also of their prosperity." See at the end of this chapter, Job 21:34 (note).
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:29
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 21:34
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
Exposition: Job 21:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Have ye not asked them that go by the way? and do ye not know their tokens,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:30
Hebrew
כִּי לְיוֹם אֵיד יֵחָשֶׂךְ רָע לְיוֹם עֲבָרוֹת יוּבָֽלוּ׃khiy-leyvom-'eyd-yechashekhe-ra'-leyvom-'avarvot-yvvalv
KJV: That the wicked is reserved to the day of destruction? they shall be brought forth to the day of wrath.
AKJV: That the wicked is reserved to the day of destruction? they shall be brought forth to the day of wrath.
ASV: That the evil man is reserved to the day of calamity?
YLT: That to a day of calamity is the wicked spared. To a day of wrath they are brought.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:30Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:30
Verse 30 That the wicked is reserved to the day of destruction? - Though every one can tell that he has seen the wicked in prosperity, and even spend a long life in it; yet this is no proof that God loves him, or that he shall enjoy a prosperous lot in the next world. There, he shall meet with the day of wrath. There, the wicked shall be punished, and the just rewarded.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:30
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- There
Exposition: Job 21:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That the wicked is reserved to the day of destruction? they shall be brought forth to the day of wrath.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:31
Hebrew
מִֽי־יַגִּיד עַל־פָּנָיו דַּרְכּוֹ וְהֽוּא־עָשָׂה מִי יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽוֹ׃miy-yagiyd-'al-fanayv-darekhvo-vehv'-'ashah-miy-yeshalem-lvo
KJV: Who shall declare his way to his face? and who shall repay him what he hath done?
AKJV: Who shall declare his way to his face? and who shall repay him what he has done?
ASV: Who shall declare his way to his face?
YLT: Who doth declare to his face his way? And for that which he hath done, Who doth give recompence to him?
Commentary WitnessJob 21:31Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:31
Verse 31 Who shall declare his way to his face? - But while the wicked is in power, who shall dare to tell him to his face what his true character is? or, who shall dare to repay him the evil he has done? As such a person cannot have his punishment in this life, he must have it in another; and for this the day of wrath - the day of judgment, is prepared.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:31
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who shall declare his way to his face? and who shall repay him what he hath done?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:32
Hebrew
וְהוּא לִקְבָרוֹת יוּבָל וְֽעַל־גָּדִישׁ יִשְׁקֽוֹד׃vehv'-liqevarvot-yvval-ve'al-gadiysh-yisheqvod
KJV: Yet shall he be brought to the grave, and shall remain in the tomb.
AKJV: Yet shall he be brought to the grave, and shall remain in the tomb.
ASV: Yet shall he be borne to the grave,
YLT: And he--to the graves he is brought. And over the heap a watch is kept.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:32Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:32
Verse 32 Yet shall he be brought to the grave - He shall die like other men; and the corruption of the grave shall prey upon him. Mr. Carlyle, in his specimens of Arabic poetry, Translations, p. 16, quotes this verse, which he translates and paraphrases, והוא לקברות יובל "He shall be brought to the grave," ועל גדוש ישקוד And shall watch upon the high-raised heap." It was the opinion of the pagan Arabs, that upon the death of any person, a bird, by them called Manah, issued from the brain, and haunted the sepulcher of the deceased, uttering a lamentable scream. This notion, he adds, is evidently alluded to in Job 21:32. Thus Abusahel, on the death of his mistress: - "If her ghost's funereal screech Through the earth my grave should reach, On that voice I loved so well My transported ghost would dwell."
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:32
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 21:32
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
- Carlyle
- Translations
- Arabs
- Manah
- Thus Abusahel
Exposition: Job 21:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yet shall he be brought to the grave, and shall remain in the tomb.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:33
Hebrew
מָֽתְקוּ־לוֹ רִגְבֵי נָחַל וְאַחֲרָיו כָּל־אָדָם יִמְשׁוֹךְ וּלְפָנָיו אֵין מִסְפָּֽר׃mateqv-lvo-rigevey-nachal-ve'acharayv-khal-'adam-yimeshvokhe-vlefanayv-'eyn-misefar
KJV: The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him, and every man shall draw after him, as there are innumerable before him.
AKJV: The clods of the valley shall be sweet to him, and every man shall draw after him, as there are innumerable before him.
ASV: The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him,
YLT: Sweet to him have been the clods of the valley, And after him every man he draweth, And before him there is no numbering.
Commentary WitnessJob 21:33Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:33
Verse 33 The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him - Perhaps there is an allusion here to the Asiatic mode of interment for princes, saints, and nobles: a well-watered valley was chosen for the tomb, where a perpetual spring might be secured. This was intended to be the emblem of a resurrection, or of a future life; and to conceal as much as possible the disgrace of the rotting carcass. Every man shall draw after him - There seem to be two allusions intended here: 1. To death, the common lot of all. Millions have gone before him to the tomb; and כל אדם col adam, all men, shall follow him: all past generations have died, all succeeding generations shall die also. 2. To pompous funeral processions; multitudes preceding, and multitudes following, the corpse.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:33
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 21:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him, and every man shall draw after him, as there are innumerable before him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 21:34
Hebrew
וְאֵיךְ תְּנַחֲמוּנִי הָבֶל וּתְשֽׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם נִשְׁאַר־מָֽעַל׃ve'eykhe-tenachamvniy-havel-vteshvvoteykhem-nishe'ar-ma'al
KJV: How then comfort ye me in vain, seeing in your answers there remaineth falsehood?
AKJV: How then comfort you me in vain, seeing in your answers there remains falsehood?
ASV: How then comfort ye me in vain,
YLT: And how do ye comfort me with vanity, And in your answers hath been left trespass?
Commentary WitnessJob 21:34Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 21:34
Verse 34 How then comfort ye me in vain - Mr. Good translates: "How vainly then would ye make me retract!" See the note on Job 21:2. I cannot retract any thing I have said, as I have proved by fact and testimony that your positions are false and unfounded. Your pretensions to comfort me are as hollow as the arguments you bring in support of your exceptionable doctrines. This chapter may be called Job's triumph over the insinuated calumnies, and specious but false doctrines, of his opponents. The irritability of his temper no longer appears: from the time he got that glorious discovery of his Redeemer, and the Joyous hope of an eternal inheritance, Job 19:25, etc., we find no more murmurings, nor unsanctified complainings. He is now full master of himself; and reasons conclusively, because he reasons coolly. Impassioned transports no longer carry him away: his mind is serene; his heart, fixed; his hope, steady; and his faith, strong. Zophar the Naamathite is now, in his presence, as an infant in the gripe of a mighty giant. Another of these pretended friends but real enemies comes forward to renew the attack with virulent invective, malevolent insinuation, and unsupported assertion. Him, Job meets, and vanquishes by pious resignation and fervent prayer. Though, at different times after this, Job had his buffetings from his grand adversary, and some seasons of comparative darkness, yet his faith is unshaken, and he stands as a beaten anvil to the stroke. He effectually exculpates himself, and vindicates the dispensations of his Maker. There appears to be something in the Job 21:29 which requires to be farther examined: Have ye not asked them that go by the way? And do ye not know their tokens? It is probable that this verse may allude to the custom of burying the dead by the way-side, and raising up specious and descriptive monuments over them. Job argues that the lot of outward prosperity fell alike to the just and to the unjust, and that the sepulchral monuments by the wayside were proofs of his assertion; for his friends, as well as himself and others, had noted them, and asked the history of such and such persons, from the nearest inhabitants of the place; and the answers, in a great variety of cases, had been: "That monument points out the place where a wicked man lies, who was all his lifetime in prosperity and affluence, yet oppressed the poor, and shut up the bowels of his compassion against the destitute; and this belongs to a man who lived only to serve his God, and to do good to man according to his power, yet had not a day of health, nor an hour of prosperity; God having given to the former his portion in this life, and reserved the recompense of the latter to a future state." The Septuagint render the verse thus: - Ερωτησατε παραπορευμενους ὁδον, και τα σημεια αυτων ουκ απαλλοτριωσατε, "Inquire of those who pass by the way, and their signs [monuments] ye will not alienate." That is, When ye hear the history of these persons, ye will not then assert that the man who lived in prosperity was a genuine worshipper of the true God, and therefore was blessed with temporal good, and that he who lived in adversity was an enemy to God and was consequently cursed with the want of secular blessings. Of the former ye will hear a different account from those who dare now speak the truth, because the prosperous oppressor is no more; And of the latter ye shall learn that, though afflicted, destitute, and distressed, he was one of those who acknowledged God in all his ways, and never performed an act of religious service to him in hope of secular gain; sought his approbation only, and met death cheerfully, in the hope of being eternally with the Lord. Neither good nor evil can be known by the occurrences of this life. Every thing argues the certainty of a future state, and the necessity of a day of judgment. They who are in the habit of marking casualties, especially if those whom they love not are the subjects of them, as tokens of Divine displeasure, only show an ignorance of God's dispensations, and a malevolence of mind that would fain arm itself with the celestial thunders, in order to transfix those whom they deem their enemies.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:34
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 21:2
- Job 19:25
- Job 21:29
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Ray
- Mr
- Redeemer
- Him
- Though
- Maker
- Lord
Exposition: Job 21:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'How then comfort ye me in vain, seeing in your answers there remaineth falsehood?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
31
Generated editorial witnesses
3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Job 21:17-21
- Job 21:22-33
- Job 21:34
- Job 21:1
- Job 21:2
- Job 21:3
- Job 21:4
- Job 21:5
- Job 21:6
- Job 21:7
- Job 21:8
- Job 21:9
- Job 21:10
- Job 21:11
- Job 21:14
- Job 21:15
- Job 21:12
- Job 21:13
- Job 21:16
- Job 21:17
- Job 21:18
- Job 21:19
- Isa 51:17-22
- Jer 25:15
- Rev 14:8
- Job 21:20
- Job 21:21
- Job 21:22
- Job 21:23
- Job 21:24
- Job 21:25
- Job 21:26
- Job 21:27
- Job 21:28
- Job 21:29
- Job 21:30
- Job 21:31
- Job 21:32
- Job 21:33
- Job 19:25
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Ovid
- Divine Providence
- Vulgate
- And
- Maker
- Harpocrates
- Providence
- Septuagint
- Ray
- Asiatics
- Mr
- Almighty
- Antwerp
- Paris
- London Polyglots
- Complutensian Polyglot
- Chaldee
- Syriac
- Arabic
- Philo
- One
- Socrates
- Hebrew Bible
- The Vulgate
- Viscera
- There
- Carlyle
- Translations
- Arabs
- Manah
- Thus Abusahel
- Redeemer
- Him
- Though
- Lord
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2 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezra
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nehemiah
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Esther
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Job
Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Psalms
Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Proverbs
Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ecclesiastes
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Song of Solomon
Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Isaiah
Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jeremiah
Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Lamentations
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezekiel
Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Daniel
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hosea
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joel
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Amos
Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Obadiah
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jonah
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Micah
Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nahum
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Habakkuk
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zephaniah
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Haggai
Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zechariah
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Malachi
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Matthew
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Mark
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Luke
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
John
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Acts
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Romans
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Galatians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ephesians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philippians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Colossians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
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What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
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Commentary Witness
Job 21:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 21:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness