Apologetics Bible
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Apologetics exposition helps trace how passages function in canonical argument, what doctrinal claims they touch, and how themes connect across the 66 books.
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Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Job_30
- Primary Witness Text: But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock. Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom old age was perished? For want and famine they were solitary; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste. Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat. They were driven forth from among men, (they cried after them as after a thief;) To dwell in the clifts of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks. Among the bushes they brayed; under the nettles they were gathered together. They were children of fools, yea, children of base men: they were viler than the earth. And now am I their song, yea, I am their byword. They abhor me, they flee far from me, and spare not to spit in my face. Because he hath loosed my cord, and afflicted me, they have also let loose the bridle before me. Upon my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet, and they raise up against me the ways of their destruction. They mar my path, they set forward my calamity, they have no helper. They came upon me as a wide breaking in of waters: in the desolation they rolled themselves upon me. Terrors are turned upon me: they pursue my soul as the wind: and my welfare passeth away as a cloud. And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me. My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest. By the gre...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Job_30
- Chapter Blob Preview: But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock. Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom old age was perished? For want and famine they were solitary; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste. Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
Job's friends represent the dominant ancient Near Eastern theodicy: suffering = sin. God's answer from the whirlwind (chs. 38-41) does not explain the suffering but confronts Job with the staggering scale and wisdom of the creation — demanding the creature's epistemological humility before the Creator. Job 19:25-27 ("I know that my Redeemer lives") stands as the OT's most personal resurrection confession.
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Verse-by-verse study lane
Job 30:1
Hebrew
וְעַתָּה ׀ שָֽׂחֲקוּ עָלַי צְעִירִים מִמֶּנִּי לְיָמִים אֲשֶׁר־מָאַסְתִּי אֲבוֹתָם לָשִׁית עִם־כַּלְבֵי צֹאנִֽי׃ve'atah- -shachaqv-'alay-tze'iyriym-mimeniy-leyamiym-'asher-ma'asetiy-'avvotam-lashiyt-'im-khalevey-tzo'niy
KJV: But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock.
AKJV: But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock.
ASV: But now they that are younger than I have me in derision,
YLT: And now, laughed at me, Have the younger in days than I, Whose fathers I have loathed to set With the dogs of my flock.
Exposition: Job 30:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:2
Hebrew
גַּם־כֹּחַ יְדֵיהֶם לָמָּה לִּי עָלֵימוֹ אָבַד כָּֽלַח׃gam-khocha-yedeyhem-lamah-liy-'aleymvo-'avad-khalach
KJV: Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom old age was perished?
AKJV: Yes, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom old age was perished?
ASV: Yea, the strength of their hands, whereto should it profit me?
YLT: Also--the power of their hands, why is it to me? On them hath old age perished.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:2
Verse 2 The strength of their hands profit me - He is speaking here of the fathers of these young men. What was the strength of their hands to me? Their old age also has perished. The sense of which I believe to be this: I have never esteemed their strength even in their most vigorous youth, nor their conduct, nor their counsel even in old age. They were never good for any thing, either young or old. As their youth was without profit, so their old age was without honor. See Calmet. Mr. Good contends that the words are Arabic, and should be translated according to the meaning in that language, and the first clause of the third verse joined to the latter clause of the second, without which no good meaning can be elicited so as to keep properly close to the letter. I shall give the Hebrew text, Mr. Good's Arabic, and its translation: - The Hebrew text is this: - עלימו אבד כלח aleymo abad calach בחסר ובכפן גלמוד becheser ubechaphan galmud. The Arabic version which he translates thus: - "With whom crabbed looks are perpetual, From hunger and flinty famine." This translation is very little distant from the import of the present Hebrew text, if it may be called Hebrew, when the principal words are pure Arabic, and the others constructively so.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- See Calmet
- Mr
- Arabic
Exposition: Job 30:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom old age was perished?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:3
Hebrew
בְּחֶסֶר וּבְכָפָן גַּלְמוּד הַֽעֹרְקִים צִיָּה אֶמֶשׁ שׁוֹאָה וּמְשֹׁאָֽה׃vecheser-vvekhafan-galemvd-ha'oreqiym-tziyah-'emesh-shvo'ah-vmesho'ah
KJV: For want and famine they were solitary; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste.
AKJV: For want and famine they were solitary; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste.
ASV: They are gaunt with want and famine;
YLT: With want and with famine gloomy, Those fleeing to a dry place, Formerly a desolation and waste,
Commentary WitnessJob 30:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:3
Verse 3 Fleeing into the wilderness - Seeking something to sustain life even in the barren desert. This shows the extreme of want, when the desert is supposed to be the only place where any thing to sustain life can possibly be found.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For want and famine they were solitary; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:4
Hebrew
הַקֹּטְפִים מַלּוּחַ עֲלֵי־שִׂיחַ וְשֹׁרֶשׁ רְתָמִים לַחְמָֽם׃haqotefiym-malvcha-'aley-shiycha-veshoresh-retamiym-lachemam
KJV: Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat.
AKJV: Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat.
ASV: They pluck salt-wort by the bushes;
YLT: Those cropping mallows near a shrub, And broom-roots is their food.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:4
Verse 4 Who cut up mallows by the bushes - מלוח malluach, which we translate mallows, comes from מלח melach, salt; some herb or shrub of a salt nature, sea-purslane, or the salsaria, salsola, or saltwort. Bochart says it is the ἁλιμος of the Greeks, and the halimus of the Romans. Some translate it nettles. The Syriac and Arabic omit the whole verse. The halimus, or atriplex halimus, grows near the sea in different countries, and is found in Spain, America, England, and Barbary. The salsaria, salsola, or saltwort, is an extensive genus of plants, several common to Asia, and not a few indigenous to a dry and sandy soil. And juniper roots for their meat - רתמים rethamim. This is variously translated juniper, broom, furze, gorse, or whin. It is supposed to derive its name from the toughness of its twigs, as רתם ratham signifies to bind; and this answers well enough to the broom. Genista quoque vinculi usum praestat, "The broom serves for bands," says Pliny, Hist. Nat. lib. xxiv., c. 9. But how can it be said that the roots of this shrub were eaten? I do not find any evidence from Asiatic writers that the roots of the juniper tree were an article of food; and some have supposed, because of this want of evidence, that the word לחמם lachmam, for their bread, should be understood thus, to bake their bread, because it is well known that the wood of the juniper gives an intense heat, and the coals of it endure a long time; and therefore we find coals of juniper, גחלי רחמים gachaley rethamim, used Psa 120:4 to express severe and enduring punishment. But that the roots of the juniper were used for food in the northern countries, among the Goths, we have a positive testimony from Olaus Magnus, himself a Goth, and archbishop of Upsal, in lib. vii., c. 4, of his Hist. de Gentibus Septentrionalibus. Speaking of the great number of different trees in their woods, he says: "There is a great plenty of beech trees in all the northern parts, the virtue whereof is this: that, being cut between the bark and the wood, they send forth a juice that is good for drink. The fruit of them in famine serves for bread, and their bark for clothing. Likewise also the berries of the juniper, yea, even the roots of this tree are eaten for bread, as holy Job testifies, though it is difficult to come at them by reason of their prickles: in these prickles, or thorns, live coals will last a whole year. If the inhabitants do not quench them, when winds arise they set the woods on fire, and destroy all the circumjacent fields." In this account both the properties of the juniper tree, referred to by Job and David, are mentioned by the Gothic prelate. They use its berries and roots for food, and its wood for fire.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Bochart
- Greeks
- Romans
- Spain
- America
- England
- Barbary
- Asia
- Pliny
- Hist
- Nat
- Goths
- Olaus Magnus
- Goth
- Upsal
- Gentibus Septentrionalibus
- David
Exposition: Job 30:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:5
Hebrew
מִן־גֵּו יְגֹרָשׁוּ יָרִיעוּ עָלֵימוֹ כַּגַּנָּֽב׃min-gev-yegorashv-yariy'v-'aleymvo-khaganav
KJV: They were driven forth from among men, (they cried after them as after a thief;)
AKJV: They were driven forth from among men, (they cried after them as after a thief;)
ASV: They are driven forth from the midst of men;
YLT: From the midst they are cast out, (They shout against them as a thief),
Commentary WitnessJob 30:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:5
Verse 5 They were driven forth - They were persons whom no one would employ; they were driven away from the city; and if any of them appeared, the hue and cry was immediately raised up against them. The last clause Mr. Good translates, "They slunk away from them like a thief," instead of "They cried after them," etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
Exposition: Job 30:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They were driven forth from among men, (they cried after them as after a thief;)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:6
Hebrew
בַּעֲרוּץ נְחָלִים לִשְׁכֹּן חֹרֵי עָפָר וְכֵפִֽים׃va'arvtz-nechaliym-lishekhon-chorey-'afar-vekhefiym
KJV: To dwell in the clifts of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks.
AKJV: To dwell in the cliffs of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks.
ASV: So that they dwell in frightful valleys,
YLT: In a frightful place of valleys to dwell, Holes of earth and clefts.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:6
Verse 6 To dwell in the cliffs of the valleys - They were obliged to take shelter in the most dangerous, out-of-the-way, and unfrequented places. This is the meaning.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To dwell in the clifts of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:7
Hebrew
בֵּין־שִׂיחִים יִנְהָקוּ תַּחַת חָרוּל יְסֻפָּֽחוּ׃veyn-shiychiym-yinehaqv-tachat-charvl-yesufachv
KJV: Among the bushes they brayed; under the nettles they were gathered together.
AKJV: Among the bushes they brayed; under the nettles they were gathered together.
ASV: Among the bushes they bray;
YLT: Among shrubs they do groan, Under nettles they are gathered together.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:7
Verse 7 Among the bushes they brayed - They cried out among the bushes, seeking for food, as the wild ass when he is in want of provender. Two MSS. read ינאקו yinaku, they groaned, instead of ינהקו yinhaku, they brayed. Under the nettles - חרול charul, the briers or brambles, under the brushwood in the thickest parts of the underwood; they huddled together like wild beasts.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
Exposition: Job 30:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Among the bushes they brayed; under the nettles they were gathered together.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:8
Hebrew
בְּֽנֵי־נָבָל גַּם־בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם נִכְּאוּ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃veney-naval-gam-veney-veliy-shem-nikhe'v-min-ha'aretz
KJV: They were children of fools, yea, children of base men: they were viler than the earth.
AKJV: They were children of fools, yes, children of base men: they were viler than the earth.
ASV: They arechildren of fools, yea, children of base men;
YLT: Sons of folly--even sons without name, They have been smitten from the land.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:8
Verse 8 Children of fools - Children of nabal; children without a name; persons of no consideration, and descendants of such. Viler than the earth - Rather, driven out of the land; persons not fit for civil society.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Rather
Exposition: Job 30:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They were children of fools, yea, children of base men: they were viler than the earth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:9
Hebrew
וְעַתָּה נְגִינָתָם הָיִיתִי וָאֱהִי לָהֶם לְמִלָּֽה׃ve'atah-negiynatam-hayiytiy-va'ehiy-lahem-lemilah
KJV: And now am I their song, yea, I am their byword.
AKJV: And now am I their song, yes, I am their byword.
ASV: And now I am become their song,
YLT: And now, their song I have been, And I am to them for a byword.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:9
Verse 9 Now am I their song - I am the subject of their mirth, and serve as a proverb or by-word. They use me with every species of indignity.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And now am I their song, yea, I am their byword.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:10
Hebrew
תִּֽעֲבוּנִי רָחֲקוּ מֶנִּי וּמִפָּנַי לֹא־חָשְׂכוּ רֹֽק׃ti'avvniy-rachaqv-meniy-vmifanay-lo'-chashekhv-roq
KJV: They abhor me, they flee far from me, and spare not to spit in my face.
AKJV: They abhor me, they flee far from me, and spare not to spit in my face.
ASV: They abhor me, they stand aloof from me,
YLT: They have abominated me, They have kept far from me, And from before me have not spared to spit.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:10
Verse 10 They abhor me - What a state must civil society be in when such indignities were permitted to be offered to the aged and afflicted!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They abhor me, they flee far from me, and spare not to spit in my face.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:11
Hebrew
כִּֽי־יתרו יִתְרִי פִתַּח וַיְעַנֵּנִי וְרֶסֶן מִפָּנַי שִׁלֵּֽחוּ׃khiy-ytrv-yiteriy-fitach-vaye'aneniy-veresen-mifanay-shilechv
KJV: Because he hath loosed my cord, and afflicted me, they have also let loose the bridle before me.
AKJV: Because he has loosed my cord, and afflicted me, they have also let loose the bridle before me.
ASV: For he hath loosed his cord, and afflicted me;
YLT: Because His cord He loosed and afflicteth me, And the bridle from before me, They have cast away.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:11
Verse 11 Because he hath loosed my cord - Instead of יתרי yithri, my cord, which is the keri or marginal reading, יתרו yithro, his cord, is the reading of the text in many copies; and this reading directs us to a metaphor taken from an archer, who, observing his butt, sets his arrow on the string, draws it to a proper degree of tension, levels, and then loosing his hold, the arrow flies at the mark. He hath let loose his arrow against me; it has hit me; and I am wounded. The Vulgate understood it in this way: Pharetram enim suam aperuit. So also the Septuagint: Ανοιξας γαρ φαρετραν αυτου; "He hath opened his quiver." They have also let loose the bridle - When they perceived that God had afflicted me, they then threw off all restraints; like headstrong horses, swallowed the bit, got the reins on their own neck, and ran off at full speed.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
Exposition: Job 30:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Because he hath loosed my cord, and afflicted me, they have also let loose the bridle before me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:12
Hebrew
עַל־יָמִין פִּרְחַח יָקוּמוּ רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּחוּ וַיָּסֹלּוּ עָלַי אָרְחוֹת אֵידָֽם׃'al-yamiyn-firechach-yaqvmv-ragelay-shilechv-vayasolv-'alay-'arechvot-'eydam
KJV: Upon my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet, and they raise up against me the ways of their destruction.
AKJV: On my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet, and they raise up against me the ways of their destruction.
ASV: Upon my right hand rise the rabble;
YLT: On the right hand doth a brood arise, My feet they have cast away, And they raise up against me, Their paths of calamity.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:12
Verse 12 Upon my right hand rise the youth - The word פרחח pirchach, which we translate youth, signifies properly buds, or the buttons of trees. Mr. Good has younglings. Younkers would be better, were it not too colloquial. They push away my feet - They trip up my heels, or they in effect trample me under their feet. They rush upon and overwhelm me. They are violently incensed against me. They roll themselves upon me, התגלגלו hithgalgalu, velut unda impellit undam, as waves of the sea which wash the sand from under the feet, and then swamp the man to the bottom; see Job 30:14.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 30:14
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
Exposition: Job 30:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Upon my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet, and they raise up against me the ways of their destruction.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:13
Hebrew
נָתְסוּ נְֽתִיבָתִי לְהַוָּתִי יֹעִילוּ לֹא עֹזֵר לָֽמוֹ׃natesv-netiyvatiy-lehavatiy-yo'iylv-lo'-'ozer-lamvo
KJV: They mar my path, they set forward my calamity, they have no helper.
AKJV: They mar my path, they set forward my calamity, they have no helper.
ASV: They mar my path,
YLT: They have broken down my path, By my calamity they profit, `He hath no helper.'
Commentary WitnessJob 30:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:13
Verse 13 They mar my path - They destroy the way-marks, so that there is no safety in travelling through the deserts, the guide-posts and way-marks being gone. These may be an allusion here to a besieged city: the besiegers strive by every means and way to distress the besieged; stopping up the fountains, breaking up the road, raising up towers to project arrows and stones into the city, called here raising up against it the ways of destruction, Job 30:12; preventing all succor and support. They have no helper - "There is not an adviser among them." - Mr. Good. There is none to give them better instruction.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 30:12
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
- Good
Exposition: Job 30:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They mar my path, they set forward my calamity, they have no helper.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:14
Hebrew
כְּפֶרֶץ רָחָב יֶאֱתָיוּ תַּחַת שֹׁאָה הִתְגַּלְגָּֽלוּ׃kheferetz-rachav-ye'etayv-tachat-sho'ah-hitegalegalv
KJV: They came upon me as a wide breaking in of waters: in the desolation they rolled themselves upon me.
AKJV: They came on me as a wide breaking in of waters: in the desolation they rolled themselves on me.
ASV: As through a wide breach they come:
YLT: As a wide breach they come, Under the desolation have rolled themselves.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:14Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:14
Verse 14 They came upon me as a wide breaking in - They storm me on every side. In the desolation they rolled themselves - When they had made the breach, they rolled in upon me as an irresistible torrent. There still appears to be an allusion to a besieged city: the sap, the breach, the storm, the flight, the pursuit, and the slaughter. See the following verse, Job 30:15 (note).
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 30:15
Exposition: Job 30:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They came upon me as a wide breaking in of waters: in the desolation they rolled themselves upon me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:15
Hebrew
הָהְפַּךְ עָלַי בַּלָּהוֹת תִּרְדֹּף כָּרוּחַ נְדִבָתִי וּכְעָב עָבְרָה יְשֻׁעָתִֽי׃hahefakhe-'alay-valahvot-tiredof-kharvcha-nedivatiy-vkhe'av-'averah-yeshu'atiy
KJV: Terrors are turned upon me: they pursue my soul as the wind: and my welfare passeth away as a cloud.
AKJV: Terrors are turned on me: they pursue my soul as the wind: and my welfare passes away as a cloud.
ASV: Terrors are turned upon me;
YLT: He hath turned against me terrors, It pursueth as the wind mine abundance, And as a thick cloud, Hath my safety passed away.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:15
Verse 15 Terrors are turned upon me - Defence is no longer useful; they have beat down my walls. They pursue my soul as the wind - I seek safety in flight, my strong holds being no longer tenable; but they pursue me so swiftly, that it is impossible for me to escape. They follow me like a whirlwind; and as fast as that drives away the clouds before it, so is my prosperity destroyed. The word נדבתי nedibathi, which we translate my soul, signifies properly my nobility, my excellence: they endeavor to destroy both my reputation and my property.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Terrors are turned upon me: they pursue my soul as the wind: and my welfare passeth away as a cloud.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:16
Hebrew
וְעַתָּה עָלַי תִּשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשִׁי יֹאחֲזוּנִי יְמֵי־עֹֽנִי׃ve'atah-'alay-tishetafekhe-nafeshiy-yo'chazvniy-yemey-'oniy
KJV: And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me.
AKJV: And now my soul is poured out on me; the days of affliction have taken hold on me.
ASV: And now my soul is poured out within me;
YLT: And now, in me my soul poureth itself out, Seize me do days of affliction.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 30:16Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 30:16
Job 30:16 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 30:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 30:16
Exposition: Job 30:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:17
Hebrew
לַיְלָה עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָי וְעֹרְקַי לֹא יִשְׁכָּבֽוּן׃layelah-'atzamay-niqar-me'alay-ve'oreqay-lo'-yishekhavvn
KJV: My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest.
AKJV: My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest.
ASV: In the night season my bones are pierced in me,
YLT: At night my bone hath been pierced in me, And mine eyelids do not lie down.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 30:17Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 30:17
Job 30:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 30:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 30:17
Exposition: Job 30:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:18
Hebrew
בְּרָב־כֹּחַ יִתְחַפֵּשׂ לְבוּשִׁי כְּפִי כֻתָּנְתִּי יַֽאַזְרֵֽנִי׃verav-khocha-yitechafesh-levvshiy-khefiy-khutanetiy-ya'azereniy
KJV: By the great force of my disease is my garment changed: it bindeth me about as the collar of my coat.
AKJV: By the great force of my disease is my garment changed: it binds me about as the collar of my coat.
ASV: By God’sgreat force is my garment disfigured;
YLT: By the abundance of power, Is my clothing changed, As the mouth of my coat it doth gird me.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:18
Verse 18 Is my garment changed - There seem to be here plain allusions to the effect of his cruel disease; the whole body being enveloped with a kind of elephantine hide, formed by innumerable incrustations from the ulcerated surface. It bindeth me about - There is now a new kind of covering to my body, formed by the effects of this disease; and it is not a garment which I can cast off; it is as closely attached to me as the collar of my coat. Or, my disease seizes me as a strong armed man; it has throttled me, and cast me in the mud. This is probably an allusion to two persons struggling: the stronger seizes the other by the throat, brings him down, and treads him in the dirt.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Or
Exposition: Job 30:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'By the great force of my disease is my garment changed: it bindeth me about as the collar of my coat.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:19
Hebrew
הֹרָנִי לַחֹמֶר וָאֶתְמַשֵּׁל כֶּעָפָר וָאֵֽפֶר׃horaniy-lachomer-va'etemashel-khe'afar-va'efer
KJV: He hath cast me into the mire, and I am become like dust and ashes.
AKJV: He has cast me into the mire, and I am become like dust and ashes.
ASV: He hath cast me into the mire,
YLT: Casting me into mire, And I am become like dust and ashes.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 30:19Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 30:19
Job 30:19 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'He hath cast me into the mire, and I am become like dust and ashes.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 30:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 30:19
Exposition: Job 30:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He hath cast me into the mire, and I am become like dust and ashes.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:20
Hebrew
אֲשַׁוַּע אֵלֶיךָ וְלֹא תַעֲנֵנִי עָמַדְתִּי וַתִּתְבֹּנֶן בִּֽי׃'ashava'-'eleykha-velo'-ta'aneniy-'amadetiy-vatitevonen-viy
KJV: I cry unto thee, and thou dost not hear me: I stand up, and thou regardest me not.
AKJV: I cry to you, and you do not hear me: I stand up, and you regard me not.
ASV: I cry unto thee, and thou dost not answer me:
YLT: I cry unto Thee, And Thou dost not answer me, I have stood, and Thou dost consider me.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:20
Verse 20 I cry unto thee - I am persecuted by man, afflicted with sore disease, and apparently forsaken of God. I stand up - Or, as some translate, "I persevere, and thou lookest upon me." Thou seest my desolate, afflicted state; but thine eye doth not affect thy heart. Thou leavest me unsupported to struggle with my adversities.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Or
Exposition: Job 30:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I cry unto thee, and thou dost not hear me: I stand up, and thou regardest me not.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:21
Hebrew
תֵּהָפֵךְ לְאַכְזָר לִי בְּעֹצֶם יָדְךָ תִשְׂטְמֵֽנִי׃tehafekhe-le'akhezar-liy-ve'otzem-yadekha-tishetemeniy
KJV: Thou art become cruel to me: with thy strong hand thou opposest thyself against me.
AKJV: You are become cruel to me: with your strong hand you oppose yourself against me.
ASV: Thou art turned to be cruel to me;
YLT: Thou art turned to be fierce to me, With the strength of Thy hand, Thou oppressest me.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:21
Verse 21 Thou art become cruel to me - Thou appearest to treat me with cruelty. I cry for mercy, trust in thy goodness, and am still permitted to remain under my afflictions. Thou opposest thyself - Instead of helping, thou opposest me; thou appearest as my enemy.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Thou art become cruel to me: with thy strong hand thou opposest thyself against me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:22
Hebrew
תִּשָּׂאֵנִי אֶל־רוּחַ תַּרְכִּיבֵנִי וּתְמֹגְגֵנִי תשוה תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃tisha'eniy-'el-rvcha-tarekhiyveniy-vtemogegeniy-tshvh-tvshiyah
KJV: Thou liftest me up to the wind; thou causest me to ride upon it, and dissolvest my substance.
AKJV: You lift me up to the wind; you cause me to ride on it, and dissolve my substance.
ASV: Thou liftest me up to the wind, thou causest me to rideupon it;
YLT: Thou dost lift me up, On the wind Thou dost cause me to ride, And Thou meltest--Thou levellest me.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:22
Verse 22 Thou liftest me up to the wind - Thou hast so completely stripped me of all my substance, that I am like chaff lifted up by the wind; or as a straw, the sport of every breeze; and at last carried totally away, being dissipated into particles by the continued agitation.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Thou liftest me up to the wind; thou causest me to ride upon it, and dissolvest my substance.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:23
Hebrew
כִּֽי־יָדַעְתִּי מָוֶת תְּשִׁיבֵנִי וּבֵית מוֹעֵד לְכָל־חָֽי׃khiy-yada'etiy-mavet-teshiyveniy-vveyt-mvo'ed-lekhal-chay
KJV: For I know that thou wilt bring me to death, and to the house appointed for all living.
AKJV: For I know that you will bring me to death, and to the house appointed for all living.
ASV: For I know that thou wilt bring me to death,
YLT: For I have known To death Thou dost bring me back, And to the house appointed for all living.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:23Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:23
Verse 23 Thou wilt bring me to death - This must be the issue of my present affliction: to God alone it is possible that I should survive it. To the house appointed for all living - Or to the house, מועד moed, the rendezvous, the place of general assembly of human beings: the great devourer in whose jaws all that have lived, now live, and shall live, must necessarily meet. " - O great man-eater! Whose every day is carnival; not sated yet! Unheard of epicure! without a fellow! The veriest gluttons do not always cram! Some intervals of abstinence are sought To edge the appetite: thou seekest none. Methinks the countless swarms thou hast devour'd, And thousands that each hour thou gobblest up, This, less than this, might gorge thee to the full. But O! rapacious still, thou gap'st for more, Like one, whole days defrauded of his meals, On whom lank hunger lays her skinny hand, And whets to keenest eagerness his cravings; As if diseases, massacres, and poisons, Famine, and war, were not thy caterers." The Grave.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- This
- Famine
- The Grave
Exposition: Job 30:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I know that thou wilt bring me to death, and to the house appointed for all living.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:24
Hebrew
אַךְ לֹא־בְעִי יִשְׁלַח־יָד אִם־בְּפִידוֹ לָהֶן שֽׁוּעַ׃'akhe-lo'-ve'iy-yishelach-yad-'im-vefiydvo-lahen-shv'a
KJV: Howbeit he will not stretch out his hand to the grave, though they cry in his destruction.
AKJV: However, he will not stretch out his hand to the grave, though they cry in his destruction.
ASV: Howbeit doth not one stretch out the hand in his fall?
YLT: Surely not against the heap Doth He send forth the hand, Though in its ruin they have safety.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:24
Verse 24 He will not stretch out his hand to the grave - After all that has been said relative to the just translation and true meaning of this verse, is it not evident that it is in the mouth of Job a consolatory reflection? As if he said, Though I suffer here, I shall not suffer hereafter. Though he add stroke to stroke, so as to destroy my life, yet his displeasure shall not proceed beyond the grave. Though they cry in his destruction - Mr. Good translates: Surely there, in its ruin, is freedom. In the sepulcher there is freedom from calamity, and rest for the weary.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
Exposition: Job 30:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Howbeit he will not stretch out his hand to the grave, though they cry in his destruction.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:25
Hebrew
אִם־לֹא בָכִיתִי לִקְשֵׁה־יוֹם עָֽגְמָה נַפְשִׁי לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃'im-lo'-vakhiytiy-liqesheh-yvom-'agemah-nafeshiy-la'eveyvon
KJV: Did not I weep for him that was in trouble? was not my soul grieved for the poor?
AKJV: Did not I weep for him that was in trouble? was not my soul grieved for the poor?
ASV: Did not I weep for him that was in trouble?
YLT: Did not I weep for him whose day is hard? Grieved hath my soul for the needy.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:25Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:25
Verse 25 Did not I weep for him that was in trouble? - Mr. Good translates much nearer the sense of the original, לקשה יום liksheh yom. "Should I not then weep for the ruthless day?" May I not lament that my sufferings are only to terminate with my life? Or, Did I not mourn for those who suffered by times of calamity? Was not my soul grieved for the poor? Did I not relieve the distressed according to my power; and did I not sympathize with the sufferer?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
- Or
Exposition: Job 30:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Did not I weep for him that was in trouble? was not my soul grieved for the poor?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:26
Hebrew
כִּי טוֹב קִוִּיתִי וַיָּבֹא רָע וַֽאֲיַחֲלָה לְאוֹר וַיָּבֹא אֹֽפֶל׃khiy-tvov-qiviytiy-vayavo'-ra'-va'ayachalah-le'vor-vayavo'-'ofel
KJV: When I looked for good, then evil came unto me: and when I waited for light, there came darkness.
AKJV: When I looked for good, then evil came to me: and when I waited for light, there came darkness.
ASV: When I looked for good, then evil came;
YLT: When good I expected, then cometh evil, And I wait for light, and darkness cometh.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 30:26Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 30:26
Job 30:26 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'When I looked for good, then evil came unto me: and when I waited for light, there came darkness.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 30:26
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 30:26
Exposition: Job 30:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When I looked for good, then evil came unto me: and when I waited for light, there came darkness.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:27
Hebrew
מֵעַי רֻתְּחוּ וְלֹא־דָמּוּ קִדְּמֻנִי יְמֵי־עֹֽנִי׃me'ay-rutechv-velo'-damv-qidemuniy-yemey-'oniy
KJV: My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me.
AKJV: My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me.
ASV: My heart is troubled, and resteth not;
YLT: My bowels have boiled, and have not ceased, Gone before me have days of affliction.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:27Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:27
Verse 27 My bowels boiled - This alludes to the strong commotion in the bowels which every humane person feels at the sight of one in misery.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:27
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:28
Hebrew
קֹדֵר הִלַּכְתִּי בְּלֹא חַמָּה קַמְתִּי בַקָּהָל אֲשַׁוֵּֽעַ׃qoder-hilakhetiy-velo'-chamah-qametiy-vaqahal-'ashave'a
KJV: I went mourning without the sun: I stood up, and I cried in the congregation.
AKJV: I went mourning without the sun: I stood up, and I cried in the congregation.
ASV: I go mourning without the sun:
YLT: Mourning I have gone without the sun, I have risen, in an assembly I cry.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:28Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:28
Verse 28 I went mourning without the sun - חמה chammah, which we here translate the sun, comes from a root of the same letters, which signifies to hide, protect, etc., and may be translated, I went mourning without a protector or guardian; or, the word may be derived from חם cham, to be hot, and here it may signify fury, rage, anger; and thus it was understood by the Vulgate: Maerens incedebam, sine furore, I went mourning without anger; or, as Calmet translates, Je marchois tout triste, mais sans me laisser aller a l'emportement; "I walked in deep sadness, but did not give way to an angry spirit." The Syriac and Arabic understood it in the same way.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:28
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
Exposition: Job 30:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I went mourning without the sun: I stood up, and I cried in the congregation.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:29
Hebrew
אָח הָיִיתִי לְתַנִּים וְרֵעַ לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃'ach-hayiytiy-letaniym-vere'a-livenvot-ya'anah
KJV: I am a brother to dragons, and a companion to owls.
AKJV: I am a brother to dragons, and a companion to owls.
ASV: I am a brother to jackals,
YLT: A brother I have been to dragons, And a companion to daughters of the ostrich.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:29Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:29
Verse 29 I am a brother to dragons - By my mournful and continual cry I resemble תנים tannim, the jackals or hyenas. And a companion to owls - בנות יענה benoth yaanah, to the daughters of howling: generally understood to be the ostrich; for both the jackal and the female ostrich are remarkable for their mournful cry, and for their attachment to desolate places - Dodd.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:29
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Dodd
Exposition: Job 30:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I am a brother to dragons, and a companion to owls.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:30
Hebrew
עוֹרִי שָׁחַר מֵעָלָי וְעַצְמִי־חָרָה מִנִּי־חֹֽרֶב׃'voriy-shachar-me'alay-ve'atzemiy-charah-miniy-chorev
KJV: My skin is black upon me, and my bones are burned with heat.
AKJV: My skin is black on me, and my bones are burned with heat.
ASV: My skin is black, and fallethfrom me,
YLT: My skin hath been black upon me, And my bone hath burned from heat,
Commentary WitnessJob 30:30Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:30
Verse 30 My skin is black - By continual exposure to the open air, and parching influence of the sun. My bones are burned with heat - A strong expression, to point out the raging fever that was continually preying upon his vitals.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:30
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 30:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'My skin is black upon me, and my bones are burned with heat.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 30:31
Hebrew
וַיְהִי לְאֵבֶל כִּנֹּרִי וְעֻגָבִי לְקוֹל בֹּכִֽים׃vayehiy-le'evel-khinoriy-ve'ugaviy-leqvol-vokhiym
KJV: My harp also is turned to mourning, and my organ into the voice of them that weep.
AKJV: My harp also is turned to mourning, and my organ into the voice of them that weep.
ASV: Therefore is my harpturnedto mourning,
YLT: And my harp doth become mourning, And my organ the sound of weeping.
Commentary WitnessJob 30:31Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 30:31
Verse 31 My harp also is turned to mourning - Instead of the harp, my only music is my own plaintive cries. And my organ - What the עגב uggab was, we know not; it was most probably some sort of pipe or wind instrument. His harp, כנור kinnor, and his pipe, עגב uggab, were equally mute, or only used for mournful ditties. This chapter is full of the most painful and pathetic sorrow; but nevertheless tempered with a calmness and humiliation of spirit, which did not appear in Job's lamentations previously to the time in which he had that remarkable revelation mentioned in the nineteenth chapter. (Job 19:25) After he was assured that his Redeemer was the living God, he submitted to his dispensations, kissed the rod, and mourned not without hope, though in deep distress, occasioned by his unremitting sufferings. If the groaning of Job was great, his stroke was certainly heavy.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:31
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 19:25
Exposition: Job 30:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'My harp also is turned to mourning, and my organ into the voice of them that weep.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
27
Generated editorial witnesses
4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Job 30:1-15
- Job 29:8
- Job 30:1
- Job 30:2
- Job 30:3
- Job 30:4
- Job 30:5
- Job 30:6
- Job 30:7
- Job 30:8
- Job 30:9
- Job 30:10
- Job 30:11
- Job 30:14
- Job 30:12
- Job 30:13
- Job 30:15
- Job 30:16
- Job 30:17
- Job 30:18
- Job 30:19
- Job 30:20
- Job 30:21
- Job 30:22
- Job 30:23
- Job 30:24
- Job 30:25
- Job 30:26
- Job 30:27
- Job 30:28
- Job 30:29
- Job 30:30
- Job 19:25
- Job 30:31
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- See Calmet
- Mr
- Arabic
- Bochart
- Greeks
- Romans
- Spain
- America
- England
- Barbary
- Asia
- Pliny
- Hist
- Nat
- Goths
- Olaus Magnus
- Goth
- Upsal
- Gentibus Septentrionalibus
- David
- Ray
- Rather
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Good
- Or
- This
- Famine
- The Grave
- Dodd
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Commentary Witness
Job 30:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 30:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness