Apologetics Bible

Job 31:1

Hebrew

בְּרִית כָּרַתִּי לְעֵינָי וּמָה אֶתְבּוֹנֵן עַל־בְּתוּלָֽה׃

veriyt-kharatiy-le'eynay-vmah-'etevvonen-'al-vetvlah

KJV: I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?

AKJV: I made a covenant with my eyes; why then should I think on a maid?

ASV: I made a covenant with mine eyes;

YLT: A covenant I made for mine eyes, And what--do I attend to a virgin?

Exposition: Job 31:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:2

Hebrew

וּמֶה ׀ חֵלֶק אֱלוֹהַּ מִמָּעַל וְֽנַחֲלַת שַׁדַּי מִמְּרֹמִֽים׃

vmeh- -cheleq-'elvoha-mima'al-venachalat-shaday-mimeromiym

KJV: For what portion of God is there from above? and what inheritance of the Almighty from on high?

AKJV: For what portion of God is there from above? and what inheritance of the Almighty from on high?

ASV: For what is the portion from God above,

YLT: And what is the portion of God from above? And the inheritance of the Mighty from the heights?

Exposition: Job 31:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For what portion of God is there from above? and what inheritance of the Almighty from on high?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:3

Hebrew

הֲלֹא־אֵיד לְעַוָּל וְנֵכֶר לְפֹעֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃

halo'-'eyd-le'aval-venekher-lefo'aley-'aven

KJV: Is not destruction to the wicked? and a strange punishment to the workers of iniquity?

AKJV: Is not destruction to the wicked? and a strange punishment to the workers of iniquity?

ASV: Is it not calamity to the unrighteous,

YLT: Is not calamity to the perverse? And strangeness to workers of iniquity?

Exposition: Job 31:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Is not destruction to the wicked? and a strange punishment to the workers of iniquity?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:4

Hebrew

הֲלֹא־הוּא יִרְאֶה דְרָכָי וְֽכָל־צְעָדַי יִסְפּֽוֹר׃

halo'-hv'-yire'eh-derakhay-vekhal-tze'aday-yisefvor

KJV: Doth not he see my ways, and count all my steps?

AKJV: Does not he see my ways, and count all my steps?

ASV: Doth not he see my ways,

YLT: Doth not He see my ways, And all my steps number?

Exposition: Job 31:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Doth not he see my ways, and count all my steps?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:5

Hebrew

אִם־הָלַכְתִּי עִם־שָׁוְא וַתַּחַשׁ עַל־מִרְמָה רַגְלִֽי׃

'im-halakhetiy-'im-shave'-vatachash-'al-miremah-rageliy

KJV: If I have walked with vanity, or if my foot hath hasted to deceit;

AKJV: If I have walked with vanity, or if my foot has hurried to deceit;

ASV: If I have walked with falsehood,

YLT: If I have walked with vanity, And my foot doth hasten to deceit,

Exposition: Job 31:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I have walked with vanity, or if my foot hath hasted to deceit;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:6

Hebrew

יִשְׁקְלֵנִי בְמֹאזְנֵי־צֶדֶק וְיֵדַע אֱלוֹהַּ תֻּמָּתִֽי׃

yisheqeleniy-vemo'zeney-tzedeq-veyeda'-'elvoha-tumatiy

KJV: Let me be weighed in an even balance, that God may know mine integrity.

AKJV: Let me be weighed in an even balance that God may know my integrity.

ASV: (Let me be weighed in an even balance,

YLT: He doth weigh me in righteous balances, And God doth know my integrity.

Exposition: Job 31:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Let me be weighed in an even balance, that God may know mine integrity.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:7

Hebrew

אִם תִּטֶּה אַשֻּׁרִי מִנִּי הַדָּרֶךְ וְאַחַר עֵינַי הָלַךְ לִבִּי וּבְכַפַּי דָּבַק מֻאֽוּם׃

'im-titeh-'ashuriy-miniy-hadarekhe-ve'achar-'eynay-halakhe-liviy-vvekhafay-davaq-mu'vm

KJV: If my step hath turned out of the way, and mine heart walked after mine eyes, and if any blot hath cleaved to mine hands;

AKJV: If my step has turned out of the way, and my heart walked after my eyes, and if any blot has stuck to my hands;

ASV: If my step hath turned out of the way,

YLT: If my step doth turn aside from the way, And after mine eyes hath my heart gone, And to my hands cleaved hath blemish,

Exposition: Job 31:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If my step hath turned out of the way, and mine heart walked after mine eyes, and if any blot hath cleaved to mine hands;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:8

Hebrew

אֶזְרְעָה וְאַחֵר יֹאכֵל וְֽצֶאֱצָאַי יְשֹׁרָֽשׁוּ׃

'ezere'ah-ve'acher-yo'khel-vetze'etza'ay-yeshorashv

KJV: Then let me sow, and let another eat; yea, let my offspring be rooted out.

AKJV: Then let me sow, and let another eat; yes, let my offspring be rooted out.

ASV: Then let me sow, and let another eat;

YLT: Let me sow--and another eat, And my products let be rooted out.

Exposition: Job 31:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then let me sow, and let another eat; yea, let my offspring be rooted out.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:9

Hebrew

אִם־נִפְתָּה לִבִּי עַל־אִשָּׁה וְעַל־פֶּתַח רֵעִי אָרָֽבְתִּי׃

'im-nifetah-liviy-'al-'ishah-ve'al-fetach-re'iy-'aravetiy

KJV: If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or if I have laid wait at my neighbour’s door;

AKJV: If my heart have been deceived by a woman, or if I have laid wait at my neighbor’s door;

ASV: If my heart hath been enticed unto a woman,

YLT: If my heart hath been enticed by woman, And by the opening of my neighbour I laid wait,

Exposition: Job 31:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or if I have laid wait at my neighbour’s door;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:10

Hebrew

תִּטְחַן לְאַחֵר אִשְׁתִּי וְעָלֶיהָ יִכְרְעוּן אֲחֵרִֽין׃

titechan-le'acher-'ishetiy-ve'aleyha-yikhere'vn-'acheriyn

KJV: Then let my wife grind unto another, and let others bow down upon her.

AKJV: Then let my wife grind to another, and let others bow down on her.

ASV: Then let my wife grind unto another,

YLT: Grind to another let my wife, And over her let others bend.

Exposition: Job 31:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then let my wife grind unto another, and let others bow down upon her.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:11

Hebrew

כִּי־הוא הִיא זִמָּה והיא וְהוּא עָוֺן פְּלִילִֽים׃

khiy-hv'-hiy'-zimah-vhy'-vehv'-'avn-feliyliym

KJV: For this is an heinous crime; yea, it is an iniquity to be punished by the judges.

AKJV: For this is an heinous crime; yes, it is an iniquity to be punished by the judges.

ASV: For that were a heinous crime;

YLT: For it is a wicked thing, and a judicial iniquity;

Exposition: Job 31:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For this is an heinous crime; yea, it is an iniquity to be punished by the judges.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:12

Hebrew

כִּי אֵשׁ הִיא עַד־אֲבַדּוֹן תֹּאכֵל וּֽבְכָל־תְּבוּאָתִי תְשָׁרֵֽשׁ׃

khiy-'esh-hiy'-'ad-'avadvon-to'khel-vvekhal-tevv'atiy-tesharesh

KJV: For it is a fire that consumeth to destruction, and would root out all mine increase.

AKJV: For it is a fire that consumes to destruction, and would root out all my increase.

ASV: For it is a fire that consumeth unto Destruction,

YLT: For a fire it is , to destruction it consumeth, And among all mine increase doth take root,

Exposition: Job 31:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For it is a fire that consumeth to destruction, and would root out all mine increase.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:13

Hebrew

אִם־אֶמְאַס מִשְׁפַּט עַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי בְּרִבָם עִמָּדִֽי׃

'im-'eme'as-mishefat-'avediy-va'amatiy-verivam-'imadiy

KJV: If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me;

AKJV: If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me;

ASV: If I have despised the cause of my man-servant or of my maid-servant,

YLT: If I despise the cause of my man-servant, And of my handmaid, In their contending with me,

Exposition: Job 31:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:14

Hebrew

וּמָה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה כִּֽי־יָקוּם אֵל וְכִֽי־יִפְקֹד מָה אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃

vmah-'e'esheh-khiy-yaqvm-'el-vekhiy-yifeqod-mah-'ashiyvenv

KJV: What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?

AKJV: What then shall I do when God rises up? and when he visits, what shall I answer him?

ASV: What then shall I do when God riseth up?

YLT: Then what do I do when God ariseth? And when He doth inspect, What do I answer Him?

Exposition: Job 31:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:15

Hebrew

הֲ‍ֽלֹא־בַבֶּטֶן עֹשֵׂנִי עָשָׂהוּ וַיְכֻנֶנּוּ בָּרֶחֶם אֶחָֽד׃

halo'-vaveten-'osheniy-'ashahv-vayekhunenv-varechem-'echad

KJV: Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb?

AKJV: Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb?

ASV: Did not he that made me in the womb make him?

YLT: Did not He that made me in the womb make him? Yea, prepare us in the womb doth One.

Exposition: Job 31:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:16

Hebrew

אִם־אֶמְנַע מֵחֵפֶץ דַּלִּים וְעֵינֵי אַלְמָנָה אֲכַלֶּֽה׃

'im-'emena'-mechefetz-daliym-ve'eyney-'alemanah-'akhaleh

KJV: If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

AKJV: If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

ASV: If I have withheld the poor fromtheirdesire,

YLT: If I withhold from pleasure the poor, And the eyes of the widow do consume,

Exposition: Job 31:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:17

Hebrew

וְאֹכַל פִּתִּי לְבַדִּי וְלֹא־אָכַל יָתוֹם מִמֶּֽנָּה׃

ve'okhal-fitiy-levadiy-velo'-'akhal-yatvom-mimenah

KJV: Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;

AKJV: Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless has not eaten thereof;

ASV: Or have eaten my morsel alone,

YLT: And I do eat my morsel by myself, And the orphan hath not eat of it,

Exposition: Job 31:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:18

Hebrew

כִּי מִנְּעוּרַי גְּדֵלַנִי כְאָב וּמִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי אַנְחֶֽנָּה׃

khiy-mine'vray-gedelaniy-khe'av-vmiveten-'imiy-'anechenah

KJV: (For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother’s womb;)

AKJV: (For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother’s womb;)

ASV: (Nay, from my youth he grew up with me as with a father,

YLT: (But from my youth He grew up with me as with a father, And from the belly of my mother I am led.)

Exposition: Job 31:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother’s womb;)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:19

Hebrew

אִם־אֶרְאֶה אוֹבֵד מִבְּלִי לְבוּשׁ וְאֵין כְּסוּת לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃

'im-'ere'eh-'voved-miveliy-levvsh-ve'eyn-khesvt-la'eveyvon

KJV: If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;

AKJV: If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;

ASV: If I have seen any perish for want of clothing,

YLT: If I see any perishing without clothing, And there is no covering to the needy,

Exposition: Job 31:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:20

Hebrew

אִם־לֹא בֵרֲכוּנִי חלצו חֲלָצָיו וּמִגֵּז כְּבָשַׂי יִתְחַמָּֽם׃

'im-lo'-verakhvniy-chltzv-chalatzayv-vmigez-khevashay-yitechamam

KJV: If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep;

AKJV: If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep;

ASV: If his loins have not blessed me,

YLT: If his loins have not blessed me, And from the fleece of my sheep He doth not warm himself,

Exposition: Job 31:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:21

Hebrew

אִם־הֲנִיפוֹתִי עַל־יָתוֹם יָדִי כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶה בַשַּׁעַר עֶזְרָתִֽי׃

'im-haniyfvotiy-'al-yatvom-yadiy-khiy-'ere'eh-vasha'ar-'ezeratiy

KJV: If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:

AKJV: If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:

ASV: If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless,

YLT: If I have waved at the fatherless my hand, When I see in him the gate of my court,

Exposition: Job 31:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:22

Hebrew

כְּתֵפִי מִשִּׁכְמָה תִפּוֹל וְאֶזְרֹעִי מִקָּנָה תִשָּׁבֵֽר׃

khetefiy-mishikhemah-tifvol-ve'ezero'iy-miqanah-tishaver

KJV: Then let mine arm fall from my shoulder blade, and mine arm be broken from the bone.

AKJV: Then let my arm fall from my shoulder blade, and my arm be broken from the bone.

ASV: Then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder-blade,

YLT: My shoulder from its blade let fall, And mine arm from the bone be broken.

Exposition: Job 31:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then let mine arm fall from my shoulder blade, and mine arm be broken from the bone.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:23

Hebrew

כִּי פַחַד אֵלַי אֵיד אֵל וּמִשְּׂאֵתוֹ לֹא אוּכָֽל׃

khiy-fachad-'elay-'eyd-'el-vmishe'etvo-lo'-'vkhal

KJV: For destruction from God was a terror to me, and by reason of his highness I could not endure.

AKJV: For destruction from God was a terror to me, and by reason of his highness I could not endure.

ASV: For calamity from God is a terror to me,

YLT: For a dread unto me is calamity from God, And because of His excellency I am not able.

Exposition: Job 31:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For destruction from God was a terror to me, and by reason of his highness I could not endure.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:24

Hebrew

אִם־שַׂמְתִּי זָהָב כִּסְלִי וְלַכֶּתֶם אָמַרְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽי׃

'im-shametiy-zahav-khiseliy-velakhetem-'amaretiy-mivetachiy

KJV: If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, Thou art my confidence;

AKJV: If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, You are my confidence;

ASV: If I have made gold my hope,

YLT: If I have made gold my confidence, And to the pure gold have said, `My trust,'

Exposition: Job 31:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, Thou art my confidence;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:25

Hebrew

אִם־אֶשְׂמַח כִּי־רַב חֵילִי וְכִֽי־כַבִּיר מָצְאָה יָדִֽי׃

'im-'eshemach-khiy-rav-cheyliy-vekhiy-khaviyr-matze'ah-yadiy

KJV: If I rejoiced because my wealth was great, and because mine hand had gotten much;

AKJV: If I rejoice because my wealth was great, and because my hand had gotten much;

ASV: If I have rejoiced because my wealth was great,

YLT: If I rejoice because great is my wealth, And because abundance hath my hand found,

Exposition: Job 31:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I rejoiced because my wealth was great, and because mine hand had gotten much;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:26

Hebrew

אִם־אֶרְאֶה אוֹר כִּי יָהֵל וְיָרֵחַ יָקָר הֹלֵֽךְ׃

'im-'ere'eh-'vor-khiy-yahel-veyarecha-yaqar-holekhe

KJV: If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking in brightness;

AKJV: If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking in brightness;

ASV: If I have beheld the sun when it shined,

YLT: If I see the light when it shineth, And the precious moon walking,

Exposition: Job 31:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking in brightness;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:27

Hebrew

וַיִּפְתְּ בַּסֵּתֶר לִבִּי וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִֽי׃

vayifete-vaseter-liviy-vatishaq-yadiy-lefiy

KJV: And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand:

AKJV: And my heart has been secretly enticed, or my mouth has kissed my hand:

ASV: And my heart hath been secretly enticed,

YLT: And my heart is enticed in secret, And my hand doth kiss my mouth,

Exposition: Job 31:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:28

Hebrew

גַּם־הוּא עָוֺן פְּלִילִי כִּֽי־כִחַשְׁתִּי לָאֵל מִמָּֽעַל׃

gam-hv'-'avn-feliyliy-khiy-khichashetiy-la'el-mima'al

KJV: This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge: for I should have denied the God that is above.

AKJV: This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge: for I should have denied the God that is above.

ASV: This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judges;

YLT: It also is a judicial iniquity, For I had lied to God above.

Exposition: Job 31:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge: for I should have denied the God that is above.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:29

Hebrew

אִם־אֶשְׂמַח בְּפִיד מְשַׂנְאִי וְהִתְעֹרַרְתִּי כִּֽי־מְצָאוֹ רָֽע׃

'im-'eshemach-vefiyd-meshane'iy-vehite'oraretiy-khiy-metza'vo-ra'

KJV: If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up myself when evil found him:

AKJV: If I rejoice at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up myself when evil found him:

ASV: If I have rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me,

YLT: If I rejoice at the ruin of my hater, And stirred up myself when evil found him,

Exposition: Job 31:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up myself when evil found him:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:30

Hebrew

וְלֹא־נָתַתִּי לַחֲטֹא חִכִּי לִשְׁאֹל בְּאָלָה נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃

velo'-natatiy-lachato'-chikhiy-lishe'ol-ve'alah-nafeshvo

KJV: Neither have I suffered my mouth to sin by wishing a curse to his soul.

AKJV: Neither have I suffered my mouth to sin by wishing a curse to his soul.

ASV: (Yea, I have not suffered my mouth to sin

YLT: Yea, I have not suffered my mouth to sin, To ask with an oath his life.

Exposition: Job 31:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Neither have I suffered my mouth to sin by wishing a curse to his soul.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:31

Hebrew

אִם־לֹא אָמְרוּ מְתֵי אָהֳלִי מִֽי־יִתֵּן מִבְּשָׂרוֹ לֹא נִשְׂבָּֽע׃

'im-lo'-'amerv-metey-'aholiy-miy-yiten-mivesharvo-lo'-nisheva'

KJV: If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his flesh! we cannot be satisfied.

AKJV: If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his flesh! we cannot be satisfied.

ASV: If the men of my tent have not said,

YLT: If not--say ye, O men of my tent, `O that we had of his flesh, we are not satisfied.'

Exposition: Job 31:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his flesh! we cannot be satisfied.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:32

Hebrew

בַּחוּץ לֹא־יָלִין גֵּר דְּלָתַי לָאֹרַח אֶפְתָּֽח׃

vachvtz-lo'-yaliyn-ger-delatay-la'orach-'efetach

KJV: The stranger did not lodge in the street: but I opened my doors to the traveller.

AKJV: The stranger did not lodge in the street: but I opened my doors to the travelers.

ASV: (The sojourner hath not lodged in the street;

YLT: In the street doth not lodge a stranger, My doors to the traveller I open.

Exposition: Job 31:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The stranger did not lodge in the street: but I opened my doors to the traveller.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:33

Hebrew

אִם־כִּסִּיתִי כְאָדָם פְּשָׁעָי לִטְמוֹן בְּחֻבִּי עֲוֺֽנִי׃

'im-khisiytiy-khe'adam-fesha'ay-litemvon-vechuviy-'avniy

KJV: If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom:

AKJV: If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom:

ASV: If like Adam I have covered my transgressions,

YLT: If I have covered as Adam my transgressions, To hide in my bosom mine iniquity,

Exposition: Job 31:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:34

Hebrew

כִּי אֶֽעֱרוֹץ ׀ הָמוֹן רַבָּה וּבוּז־מִשְׁפָּחוֹת יְחִתֵּנִי וָאֶדֹּם לֹא־אֵצֵא פָֽתַח׃

khiy-'e'ervotz- -hamvon-ravah-vvvz-mishefachvot-yechiteniy-va'edom-lo'-'etze'-fatach

KJV: Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the door?

AKJV: Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the door?

ASV: Because I feared the great multitude,

YLT: Because I fear a great multitude, And the contempt of families doth affright me, Then I am silent, I go not out of the opening.

Exposition: Job 31:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the door?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:35

Hebrew

מִי יִתֶּן־לִי ׀ שֹׁמֵעַֽ לִי הֶן־תָּוִי שַׁדַּי יַעֲנֵנִי וְסֵפֶר כָּתַב אִישׁ רִיבִֽי׃

miy-yiten-liy- -shome'a-liy-hen-taviy-shaday-ya'aneniy-vesefer-khatav-'iysh-riyviy

KJV: Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book.

AKJV: Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that my adversary had written a book.

ASV: Oh that I had one to hear me!

YLT: Who giveth to me a hearing? lo, my mark. The Mighty One doth answer me, And a bill hath mine adversary written.

Exposition: Job 31:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:36

Hebrew

אִם־לֹא עַל־שִׁכְמִי אֶשָּׂאֶנּוּ אֶֽעֶנְדֶנּוּ עֲטָרוֹת לִֽי׃

'im-lo'-'al-shikhemiy-'esha'env-'e'enedenv-'atarvot-liy

KJV: Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, and bind it as a crown to me.

AKJV: Surely I would take it on my shoulder, and bind it as a crown to me.

ASV: Surely I would carry it upon my shoulder;

YLT: If not--on my shoulder I take it up, I bind it a crown on myself.

Exposition: Job 31:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, and bind it as a crown to me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:37

Hebrew

מִסְפַּר צְעָדַי אַגִּידֶנּוּ כְּמוֹ־נָגִיד אֲקָרֲבֶֽנּוּ׃

misefar-tze'aday-'agiydenv-khemvo-nagiyd-'aqaravenv

KJV: I would declare unto him the number of my steps; as a prince would I go near unto him.

AKJV: I would declare to him the number of my steps; as a prince would I go near to him.

ASV: I would declare unto him the number of my steps;

YLT: The number of my steps I tell Him, As a leader I approach Him.

Exposition: Job 31:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I would declare unto him the number of my steps; as a prince would I go near unto him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:38

Hebrew

אִם־עָלַי אַדְמָתִי תִזְעָק וְיַחַד תְּלָמֶיהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃

'im-'alay-'adematiy-tize'aq-veyachad-telameyha-yivekhayvn

KJV: If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;

AKJV: If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;

ASV: If my land crieth out against me,

YLT: If against me my land doth cry out, And together its furrows weep,

Exposition: Job 31:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:39

Hebrew

אִם־כֹּחָהּ אָכַלְתִּי בְלִי־כָסֶף וְנֶפֶשׁ בְּעָלֶיהָ הִפָּֽחְתִּי׃

'im-khochah-'akhaletiy-veliy-khasef-venefesh-ve'aleyha-hifachetiy

KJV: If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life:

AKJV: If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life:

ASV: If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money,

YLT: If its strength I consumed without money, And the life of its possessors, I have caused to breathe out,

Exposition: Job 31:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Job 31:40

Hebrew

תַּחַת חִטָּה ׀ יֵצֵא חוֹחַ וְתַֽחַת־שְׂעֹרָה בָאְשָׁה תַּמּוּ דִּבְרֵי אִיּֽוֹב׃

tachat-chitah- -yetze'-chvocha-vetachat-she'orah-va'eshah-tamv-diverey-'iyvov

KJV: Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.

AKJV: Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.

ASV: Let thistles grow instead of wheat,

YLT: Instead of wheat let a thorn go forth, And instead of barley a useless weed! The words of Job are finished.

Exposition: Job 31:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.