Apologetics Bible
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Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Job_32
- Primary Witness Text: So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, because he justified himself rather than God. Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job. Now Elihu had waited till Job had spoken, because they were elder than he. When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, then his wrath was kindled. And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and ye are very old; wherefore I was afraid, and durst not shew you mine opinion. I said, Days should speak, and multitude of years should teach wisdom. But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding. Great men are not always wise: neither do the aged understand judgment. Therefore I said, Hearken to me; I also will shew mine opinion. Behold, I waited for your words; I gave ear to your reasons, whilst ye searched out what to say. Yea, I attended unto you, and, behold, there was none of you that convinced Job, or that answered his words: Lest ye should say, We have found out wisdom: God thrusteth him down, not man. Now he hath not directed his words against me: neither will I answer him with your speeches. They were amazed, they answered no more: they left off speaking. When I had waited, (for they spake not, but stood still, ...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Job_32
- Chapter Blob Preview: So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, because he justified himself rather than God. Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job. Now Elihu ...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
Job's friends represent the dominant ancient Near Eastern theodicy: suffering = sin. God's answer from the whirlwind (chs. 38-41) does not explain the suffering but confronts Job with the staggering scale and wisdom of the creation — demanding the creature's epistemological humility before the Creator. Job 19:25-27 ("I know that my Redeemer lives") stands as the OT's most personal resurrection confession.
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Job 32:1
Hebrew
וַֽיִּשְׁבְּתוּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה מֵעֲנוֹת אֶת־אִיּוֹב כִּי הוּא צַדִּיק בְּעֵינָֽיו׃vayishevetv-sheloshet-ha'anashiym-ha'eleh-me'anvot-'et-'iyvov-khiy-hv'-tzadiyq-ve'eynayv
KJV: So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.
AKJV: So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.
ASV: So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.
YLT: And these three men cease from answering Job, for he is righteous in his own eyes,
Exposition: Job 32:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:2
Hebrew
וַיִּחַר אַף ׀ אֱלִיהוּא בֶן־בַּרַכְאֵל הַבּוּזִי מִמִּשְׁפַּחַת רָם בְּאִיּוֹב חָרָה אַפּוֹ עַֽל־צַדְּקוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ מֵאֱלֹהִֽים׃vayichar-'af- -'eliyhv'-ven-varakhe'el-havvziy-mimishefachat-ram-ve'iyvov-charah-'afvo-'al-tzadeqvo-nafeshvo-me'elohiym
KJV: Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, because he justified himself rather than God.
AKJV: Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, because he justified himself rather than God.
ASV: Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, because he justified himself rather than God.
YLT: and burn doth the anger of Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; against Job hath his anger burned, because of his justifying himself more than God;
Commentary WitnessJob 32:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:2
Verse 2 Then was kindled the wrath - This means no more than that Elihu was greatly excited, and felt a strong and zealous desire to vindicate the justice and providence of God, against the aspersions of Job and his friends. Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite - Buz was the second son of Nahor, the brother of Abram, Gen 22:21. Of the kindred of Ram - Kemuel was the third son of Nahor; and is called in Genesis (see above) the father of Aram, which is the same as Ram. A city of the name of Buz is found in Jer 25:23, which probably had its name from this family; and, as it is mentioned with Dedan and Tema, we know it must have been a city in Idumea, as the others were in that district. Instead of the kindred of Ram, the Chaldee has of the kindred of Abraham. But still the question has been asked, Who was Elihu? I answer, He was "the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram:" this is all we know of him. But this Scriptural answer will not satisfy those who are determined to find out mysteries where there are none. Some make him a descendant of Judah; St. Jerome, Bede, Lyranus, and some of the rabbins, make him Balaam the son of Beor, the magician; Bishop Warburton makes him Ezra the scribe; and Dr. Hodges makes him the second person in the glorious Trinity, the Lord Jesus Christ, and supposes that the chief scope of this part of the book was to convict Job of self-righteousness, and to show the necessity of the doctrine of justification by faith! When these points are proved, they should be credited. Because he justified himself rather than God - Literally, he justified his soul, נפשו naphhso, before God. He defended, not only the whole of his conduct, but also his motives, thoughts, etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 22:21
- Jer 25:23
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Jesus
- Nahor
- Abram
- Aram
- Ram
- Tema
- Idumea
- Abraham
- Buzite
- Judah
- St
- Jerome
- Bede
- Lyranus
- Beor
- Dr
- Trinity
- Lord Jesus Christ
- Literally
Exposition: Job 32:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, because he justified himself rather than God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:3
Hebrew
וּבִשְׁלֹשֶׁת רֵעָיו חָרָה אַפּוֹ עַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא־מָצְאוּ מַעֲנֶה וַיַּרְשִׁיעוּ אֶת־אִיּֽוֹב׃vvisheloshet-re'ayv-charah-'afvo-'al-'asher-lo'-matze'v-ma'aneh-vayareshiy'v-'et-'iyvov
KJV: Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job.
AKJV: Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job.
ASV: Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job.
YLT: and against his three friends hath his anger burned, because that they have not found an answer, and condemn Job.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:3
Verse 3 They had found no answer - They had condemned Job; and yet could not answer his arguments on the general subject, and in vindication of himself.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Job
Exposition: Job 32:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:4
Hebrew
וֶֽאֱלִיהוּ חִכָּה אֶת־אִיּוֹב בִּדְבָרִים כִּי זְֽקֵנִים־הֵמָּה מִמֶּנּוּ לְיָמִֽים׃ve'eliyhv-chikhah-'et-'iyvov-videvariym-khiy-zeqeniym-hemah-mimenv-leyamiym
KJV: Now Elihu had waited till Job had spoken, because they were elder than he.
AKJV: Now Elihu had waited till Job had spoken, because they were elder than he.
ASV: Now Elihu had waited to speak unto Job, because they were elder than he.
YLT: And Elihu hath waited earnestly beside Job with words, for they are older than he in days.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 32:4Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 32:4
Job 32:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Now Elihu had waited till Job had spoken, because they were elder than he.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 32:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 32:4
Exposition: Job 32:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now Elihu had waited till Job had spoken, because they were elder than he.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:5
Hebrew
וַיַּרְא אֱלִיהוּא כִּי אֵין מַעֲנֶה בְּפִי שְׁלֹשֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁים וַיִּחַר אַפּֽוֹ׃vayare'-'eliyhv'-khiy-'eyn-ma'aneh-vefiy-sheloshet-ha'anashiym-vayichar-'afvo
KJV: When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, then his wrath was kindled.
AKJV: When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, then his wrath was kindled.
ASV: And when Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, his wrath was kindled.
YLT: And Elihu seeth that there is no answer in the mouth of the three men, and his anger burneth.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 32:5Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 32:5
Job 32:5 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, then his wrath was kindled.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 32:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 32:5
Exposition: Job 32:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, then his wrath was kindled.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:6
Hebrew
וַיַּעַן ׀ אֱלִיהוּא בֶן־בַּֽרַכְאֵל הַבּוּזִי וַיֹּאמַר צָעִיר אֲנִי לְיָמִים וְאַתֶּם יְשִׁישִׁים עַל־כֵּן זָחַלְתִּי וָֽאִירָא ׀ מֵחַוֺּת דֵּעִי אֶתְכֶֽם׃vaya'an- -'eliyhv'-ven-varakhe'el-havvziy-vayo'mar-tza'iyr-'aniy-leyamiym-ve'atem-yeshiyshiym-'al-khen-zachaletiy-va'iyra'- -mechavt-de'iy-'etekhem
KJV: And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and ye are very old; wherefore I was afraid, and durst not shew you mine opinion.
AKJV: And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and you are very old; why I was afraid, and dared not show you my opinion.
ASV: And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and ye are very old;
YLT: And Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite answereth and saith: --Young I am in days, and ye are age Therefore I have feared, And am afraid of shewing you my opinion.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:6
Verse 6 I am young - How young he was, or how old they were, we cannot tell; but there was no doubt a great disparity in their ages; and among the Asiatics the youth never spoke in the presence of the elders, especially on any subject of controversy.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 32:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and ye are very old; wherefore I was afraid, and durst not shew you mine opinion.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:7
Hebrew
אָמַרְתִּי יָמִים יְדַבֵּרוּ וְרֹב שָׁנִים יֹדִיעוּ חָכְמָֽה׃'amaretiy-yamiym-yedaverv-verov-shaniym-yodiy'v-chakhemah
KJV: I said, Days should speak, and multitude of years should teach wisdom.
AKJV: I said, Days should speak, and multitude of years should teach wisdom.
ASV: I said, Days should speak,
YLT: I said: Days do speak, And multitude of years teach wisdom.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:7
Verse 7 Days should speak - That is, men are to be reputed wise and experienced in proportion to the time they have lived. The Easterns were remarkable for treasuring up wise sayings: indeed, the principal part of their boasted wisdom consisted in proverbs and maxims on different subjects.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 32:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I said, Days should speak, and multitude of years should teach wisdom.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:8
Hebrew
אָכֵן רֽוּחַ־הִיא בֶאֱנוֹשׁ וְנִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי תְּבִינֵֽם׃'akhen-rvcha-hiy'-ve'envosh-venishemat-shaday-teviynem
KJV: But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding.
AKJV: But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty gives them understanding.
ASV: But there is a spirit in man,
YLT: Surely a spirit is in man, And the breath of the Mighty One Doth cause them to understand.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:8
Verse 8 But there is a spirit in man - Mr. Good translates: - "But surely there is an afflation in mankind, And the inspiration of the Almighty actuateth them." Coverdale, thus: - Every man (no doute) hath a mynde; but it is the inspyracion of the Almightie that geveth understondinge. I will now offer my own opinion, but first give the original text: רוח היא באנוש ונשמת שדי תבינם ruach hi beenosh venishmath shaddai tebinem. "The spirit itself is in miserable man, and the breath of the Almighty causeth them to understand," How true is it that in God we live, move, and have our being! The spirit itself is in man as the spring or fountain of his animal existence, and by the afflatus of this spirit he becomes capable of understanding and reason, and consequently of discerning Divine truth. The animal and intellectual lives are here stated to be from God; and this appears to be an allusion to man's creation, Gen 2:7 : "And God breathed into man's nostrils the breath of lives," נשמת חיים nishmath chaiyim, i.e., animal and intellectual, and thus he became a living soul, נפש חיה nephesh chaiyah, a rational animal. When man fell from God, the Spirit of God was grieved, and departed from him; but was restored, as the enlightener and corrector, in virtue of the purposed incarnation and atonement of our Lord Jesus; hence, he is "the true Light that lighteth every man that cometh into the world," Joh 1:9. That afflatus is therefore still continued to אנוש enosh, man, in his wretched, fallen state; and it is by that Spirit, the רוח אלהים Ruach Elohim, "the Spirit of the merciful or covenant God," that we have any conscience, knowledge of good and evil, judgment in Divine things, and, in a word, capability of being saved. And when, through the light of that Spirit, convincing of sin, righteousness, and judgment, the sinner turns to God through Christ, and finds redemption in his blood, the remission of sins; then it is the office of that same Spirit to give him understanding of the great work that has been done in and for him; "for the Spirit itself (αυτο το Πνευμα, Rom 8:16, the same words in Greek as the Hebrew רוח היא ruach hi of Elihu) beareth witness with his spirit that he is a child of God." It is the same Spirit which sanctifies, the same Spirit that seals, and the same Spirit that lives and works in the believer, guiding him by his counsel till it leads him into glory. In this one saying, independently of the above paraphrase, Elihu spoke more sense and sound doctrine than all Job's friends did in the whole of the controversy.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 2:7
- Joh 1:9
- Rom 8:16
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesus
- Mr
- Coverdale
- Lord Jesus
- Ruach Elohim
- Christ
Exposition: Job 32:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:9
Hebrew
לֹֽא־רַבִּים יֶחְכָּמוּ וּזְקֵנִים יָבִינוּ מִשְׁפָּֽט׃lo'-raviym-yechekhamv-vzeqeniym-yaviynv-mishefat
KJV: Great men are not always wise: neither do the aged understand judgment.
AKJV: Great men are not always wise: neither do the aged understand judgment.
ASV: It is not the great that are wise,
YLT: The multitude are not wise, Nor do the aged understand judgment.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:9
Verse 9 Great men are not always wise - This is a true saying, which the experience of every age and every country increasingly verifies. And it is most certain that, in the case before us, the aged did not understand judgment; they had a great many wise and good sayings, which they had collected, but showed neither wisdom nor discretion in applying them.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 32:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Great men are not always wise: neither do the aged understand judgment.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:10
Hebrew
לָכֵן אָמַרְתִּי שִׁמְעָה־לִּי אֲחַוֶּה דֵּעִי אַף־אָֽנִי׃lakhen-'amaretiy-shime'ah-liy-'achaveh-de'iy-'af-'aniy
KJV: Therefore I said, Hearken to me; I also will shew mine opinion.
AKJV: Therefore I said, Listen to me; I also will show my opinion.
ASV: Therefore I said, Hearken to me;
YLT: Therefore I have said: Hearken to me, I do shew my opinion--even I.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 32:10Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 32:10
Job 32:10 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Therefore I said, Hearken to me; I also will shew mine opinion.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 32:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 32:10
Exposition: Job 32:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Therefore I said, Hearken to me; I also will shew mine opinion.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:11
Hebrew
הֵן הוֹחַלְתִּי לְֽדִבְרֵיכֶם אָזִין עַד־תְּבוּנֹֽתֵיכֶם עַֽד־תַּחְקְרוּן מִלִּֽין׃hen-hvochaletiy-ledivereykhem-'aziyn-'ad-tevvnoteykhem-'ad-tacheqervn-miliyn
KJV: Behold, I waited for your words; I gave ear to your reasons, whilst ye searched out what to say.
AKJV: Behold, I waited for your words; I gave ear to your reasons, whilst you searched out what to say.
ASV: Behold, I waited for your words,
YLT: Lo, I have waited for your words, I give ear unto your reasons, Till ye search out sayings.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:11
Verse 11 I waited for your words; I gave ear to your reasons - Instead of תבונותיכם tebunotheychem, your reasons, תכונותיכם techunotheychem, your arguments, is the reading of nine of Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS. The sense, however, is nearly the same. Whilst ye searched out what to say - עד תחקרון מלין ad tachkerun millin; "Whilst ye were searching up and down for words." A fine irony, which they must have felt.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 32:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold, I waited for your words; I gave ear to your reasons, whilst ye searched out what to say.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:12
Hebrew
וְעָֽדֵיכֶם אֶתְבּוֹנָן וְהִנֵּה אֵין לְאִיּוֹב מוֹכִיחַ עוֹנֶה אֲמָרָיו מִכֶּֽם׃ve'adeykhem-'etevvonan-vehineh-'eyn-le'iyvov-mvokhiycha-'voneh-'amarayv-mikhem
KJV: Yea, I attended unto you, and, behold, there was none of you that convinced Job, or that answered his words:
AKJV: Yes, I attended to you, and, behold, there was none of you that convinced Job, or that answered his words:
ASV: Yea, I attended unto you,
YLT: And unto you I attend, And lo, there is no reasoner for Job, Or answerer of his sayings among you.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:12
Verse 12 Yea, I attended unto you - Instead of ועדיכם veadeychem, and unto you, one MS. reads the above letters with points that cause it to signify and your testimonies; which is the reading of the Syriac, Arabic, and Septuagint. Behold, there was none of you that convinced Job - Confuted Job. They spoke multitudes of words, but were unable to overthrow his arguments.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Yea
- Syriac
- Arabic
- Behold
- Confuted Job
Exposition: Job 32:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yea, I attended unto you, and, behold, there was none of you that convinced Job, or that answered his words:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:13
Hebrew
פֶּן־תֹּאמְרוּ מָצָאנוּ חָכְמָה אֵל יִדְּפֶנּוּ לֹא־אִֽישׁ׃fen-to'merv-matza'nv-chakhemah-'el-yidefenv-lo'-'iysh
KJV: Lest ye should say, We have found out wisdom: God thrusteth him down, not man.
AKJV: Lest you should say, We have found out wisdom: God thrusts him down, not man.
ASV: Beware lest ye say, We have found wisdom;
YLT: Lest ye say, We have found wisdom, God doth thrust him away, not man.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:13
Verse 13 We have found out wisdom - We by dint of our own wisdom and understanding, have found out the true system of God's providence; and have been able to account for all the sufferings and tribulations of Job. Had they been able to confute Job, they would have triumphed over him in their own self-sufficiency. God thrusteth him down, not man - This is no accidental thing that has happened to him: he is suffering under the just judgments of God, and therefore he must be the wicked man which we supposed him to be.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Job
Exposition: Job 32:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Lest ye should say, We have found out wisdom: God thrusteth him down, not man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:14
Hebrew
וְלֹא־עָרַךְ אֵלַי מִלִּין וּבְאִמְרֵיכֶם לֹא אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃velo'-'arakhe-'elay-miliyn-vve'imereykhem-lo'-'ashiyvenv
KJV: Now he hath not directed his words against me: neither will I answer him with your speeches.
AKJV: Now he has not directed his words against me: neither will I answer him with your speeches.
ASV: For he hath not directed his words against me;
YLT: And he hath not set in array words for me, And with your sayings I do not answer him.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:14Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:14
Verse 14 He hath not directed - I am no party in this controversy; I have no party feeling in it: he has not spoken a word against me, therefore I have no cause of irritation. I shall speak for truth; not for conquest or revenge. Neither will I answer him with your speeches; your passions have been inflamed by contradiction, and you have spoken foolishly with your lips.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 32:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now he hath not directed his words against me: neither will I answer him with your speeches.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:15
Hebrew
חַתּוּ לֹא־עָנוּ עוֹד הֶעְתִּיקוּ מֵהֶם מִלִּֽים׃chatv-lo'-'anv-'vod-he'etiyqv-mehem-miliym
KJV: They were amazed, they answered no more: they left off speaking.
AKJV: They were amazed, they answered no more: they left off speaking.
ASV: They are amazed, they answer no more:
YLT: (They have broken down, They have not answered again, They removed from themselves words.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:15
Verse 15 They were amazed - Mr. Good translates: "They (the speeches) are dissipated; they no longer produce effect; the words have flirted away from them." Your words, being without proper reference and point, are scattered into thin air: there is nothing but sound in them; they are quite destitute of sense. But I prefer the words as spoken of Job's friends. They took their several parts in the controversy as long as they could hope to maintain their ground: for a considerable time they had been able to bring nothing new; at last, weary of their own repetitions, they gave up the contest.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
Exposition: Job 32:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They were amazed, they answered no more: they left off speaking.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:16
Hebrew
וְהוֹחַלְתִּי כִּי־לֹא יְדַבֵּרוּ כִּי עָמְדוּ לֹא־עָנוּ עֽוֹד׃vehvochaletiy-khiy-lo'-yedaverv-khiy-'amedv-lo'-'anv-'vod
KJV: When I had waited, (for they spake not, but stood still, and answered no more;)
AKJV: When I had waited, (for they spoke not, but stood still, and answered no more;)
ASV: And shall I wait, because they speak not,
YLT: And I have waited, but they do not speak, For they have stood still, They have not answered any more.)
Commentary WitnessJob 32:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:16
Verse 16 When I had waited - I waited to hear if they had any thing to reply to Job; and when I found them in effect speechless, then I ventured to come forward.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Job
Exposition: Job 32:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When I had waited, (for they spake not, but stood still, and answered no more;)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:17
Hebrew
אַעֲנֶה אַף־אֲנִי חֶלְקִי אֲחַוֶּה דֵעִי אַף־אָֽנִי׃'a'aneh-'af-'aniy-cheleqiy-'achaveh-de'iy-'af-'aniy
KJV: I said, I will answer also my part, I also will shew mine opinion.
AKJV: I said, I will answer also my part, I also will show my opinion.
ASV: I also will answer my part,
YLT: I answer, even I--my share, I shew my opinion--even I.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:17
Verse 17 I will answer also my part - אענה חלקי aaneh chelki, "I will recite my portion." We have already seen that the book of Job is a sort of drama, in which several persons have their different parts to recite. Probably the book was used in this way, in ancient times, for the sake of public instruction. Eliphaz, Zophar, and Bildad, had recited their parts, and Job had responded to each: nothing was brought to issue. Elihu, a bystander, perceiving this, comes forward and takes a part, when all the rest had expended their materials: yet Elihu, though he spoke well, was incapable of closing the controversy; and God himself appears, and decides the case.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Eliphaz
- Zophar
- Bildad
- Elihu
Exposition: Job 32:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I said, I will answer also my part, I also will shew mine opinion.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:18
Hebrew
כִּי מָלֵתִי מִלִּים הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִֽי׃khiy-maletiy-miliym-hetziyqateniy-rvcha-viteniy
KJV: For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constraineth me.
AKJV: For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constrains me.
ASV: For I am full of words;
YLT: For I have been full of words, Distressed me hath the spirit of my breast,
Commentary WitnessJob 32:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:18
Verse 18 I am full of matter - מלים millim, "I am full of Words," or sayings; i.e., wise sentences, and ancient opinions. The spirit within me constraineth me - How similar to the words of St. Paul! The love of Christ constraineth us. Elihu considered himself under the influence of that Spirit of God which gives understanding, and felt anxiously concerned for the welfare both of Job and his friends.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Words
- St
Exposition: Job 32:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constraineth me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:19
Hebrew
הִנֵּֽה־בִטְנִי כְּיַיִן לֹא־יִפָּתֵחַ כְּאֹבוֹת חֲדָשִׁים יִבָּקֵֽעַ׃hineh-viteniy-kheyayin-lo'-yifatecha-khe'ovvot-chadashiym-yivaqe'a
KJV: Behold, my belly is as wine which hath no vent; it is ready to burst like new bottles.
AKJV: Behold, my belly is as wine which has no vent; it is ready to burst like new bottles.
ASV: Behold, my breast is as wine which hath no vent;
YLT: Lo, my breast is as wine not opened, Like new bottles it is broken up.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:19
Verse 19 My belly is as wine which hath no vent - New wine in a state of effervescence. Like new bottles - Bottles, or rather bags, made of goat-skins. The head and shanks being cut off, the animal is cased out of the skin. The skin is then properly dressed; the anus and four shank holes properly tied up; and an aperture left at the neck or in some other place for the liquor to be poured in, and drawn out. One of these now lies before me, well tanned, and beautifully ornamented, and capable of holding many gallons. They are used, not only to carry wine and water, but for butter, and also for various dry goods. I have mentioned this in another place. When the wine is in a state of fermentation, and the skin has no vent, these bottles or bags are ready to burst; and if they be old, the new wine destroys them, breaks the old stitching, or rends the old skin. Our Lord makes use of the same figure, Mat 9:17 (note); where see the note.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Mat 9:17
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Bottles
Exposition: Job 32:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold, my belly is as wine which hath no vent; it is ready to burst like new bottles.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:20
Hebrew
אֲדַבְּרָה וְיִֽרְוַֽח־לִי אֶפְתַּח שְׂפָתַי וְאֶֽעֱנֶֽה׃'adaverah-veyirevach-liy-'efetach-shefatay-ve'e'eneh
KJV: I will speak, that I may be refreshed: I will open my lips and answer.
AKJV: I will speak, that I may be refreshed: I will open my lips and answer.
ASV: I will speak, that I may be refreshed;
YLT: I speak, and there is refreshment to me, I open my lips and answer.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:20
Verse 20 I will open my lips and answer - In the preceding verse Elihu compares himself to a skin-bottle, in which the wine was in a state of fermentation, and the bottle ready to burst for want of vent. He carries on the metaphor in this verse: the bottle must be opened to save it from bursting; I will Open my mouth.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 32:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I will speak, that I may be refreshed: I will open my lips and answer.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:21
Hebrew
אַל־נָא אֶשָּׂא פְנֵי־אִישׁ וְאֶל־אָדָם לֹא אֲכַנֶּֽה׃'al-na'-'esha'-feney-'iysh-ve'el-'adam-lo'-'akhaneh
KJV: Let me not, I pray you, accept any man’s person, neither let me give flattering titles unto man.
AKJV: Let me not, I pray you, accept any man’s person, neither let me give flattering titles to man.
ASV: Let me not, I pray you, respect any man’s person;
YLT: Let me not, I pray you, accept the face of any, Nor unto man give flattering titles,
Commentary WitnessJob 32:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:21
Verse 21 Let me not - accept any man's person - I will speak the truth without fear or favor. Neither let me give flattering titles - I will not give epithets to any man that are not descriptive of his true state. I will not beguile him by telling him he is what he is not. אכנה acanneh, from כנה canah, is generally supposed to signify to surname, to put a name to or upon a name, as the French word surnom implies. It means to give proud titles to persons who are worthless. It is well known that the Arabs make court to their superiors by carefully avoiding to address them by their proper names, instead of which they salute them with some title or epithet expressive of respect - Scott See below. Titles expressive of office, ecclesiastical, civil, or military, are always proper, and never forbidden, because they serve for distinction; but the Asiatic titles are in general bombastically and sinfully complimentary. The reader will find several specimens at the end of this chapter.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 32:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Let me not, I pray you, accept any man’s person, neither let me give flattering titles unto man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 32:22
Hebrew
כִּי לֹא יָדַעְתִּי אֲכַנֶּה כִּמְעַט יִשָּׂאֵנִי עֹשֵֽׂנִי׃khiy-lo'-yada'etiy-'akhaneh-khime'at-yisha'eniy-'osheniy
KJV: For I know not to give flattering titles; in so doing my maker would soon take me away.
AKJV: For I know not to give flattering titles; in so doing my maker would soon take me away.
ASV: For I know not to give flattering titles;
YLT: For I have not known to give flattering titles, In a little doth my Maker take me away.
Commentary WitnessJob 32:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 32:22
Verse 22 My Maker would soon take me away - Were I to copy this conduct while under the influence which I now feel, God might justly consume me as in a moment. He is my Maker; he made me to know truth, to tell truth, and to live according to truth; for he is the God of truth: I shall, therefore through his help, speak the Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth. We find from the above that vain titles of ceremony, expressive of the most eminent qualities, were given to worthless men, from time immemorial; and no wonder, for hypocrisy entered into man at the same time that sin entered into the world. Of the flattering titles used in the East, I shall give a few specimens from the (Arabic) Kooayid us Sultanet Shah Jehan, or, "The Rules observed during the Reign of the Mogul Emperor Shah Jehan." Speaking of the emperor, he is entitled, "The Sun which illuminates the firmament in the universe of royalty and dominion; the Moon, which irradiates the sky of monarchy and felicity; the King who in pomp resembles Gem-sheed. His hand is boundless as the ocean in bestowing bounties, being the key of the gates of kindness and liberality!" Again: - "The Sun of the heaven of prosperity and empire, the Shadow of God, the Asylum of the Universe, the splendor of whose instructive front causes light and gladness to the world and to mankind." "The just and vigilant Monarch; the Asylum of Truth, the Refuge of the World; the Diffuser of Light, the Solver of all human difficulties." "The Lord of the Age, who is endowed with such perfect excellence, both in internal and external qualifications, that on all occasions he holds fast the thread of good counsel, prudence, and purity of morals." "The faculty of apprehension is possessed by him in such a degree, that before the matter ha s scarcely obtained utterance he comprehends the purport, and gives answers with the tongue of inspiration." Addresses to Persons of Distinction "Let them convey to the presence of glorious empire, the Sultan, in pomp like Solomon, the center of the universe, powerful as heaven!" "Let them who kiss the carpet of the palace, in pomp like heaven, convey this letter to his majesty, whose sight is as creative as alchymy, king of kings, the asylum of the world!" "To the exalted presence, which gratifies the desires of all people, the most beneficent of the age, the vizier, protector of the universe, may the Almighty perpetuate his fortune!" "May this letter be dignified in the presence of Naweeb Saheb, diffuser of benefits, of exalted pomp, the respectable, the discriminator of ranks! May his power increase!" "Let them convey this to the perusal of his excellency, conversant in realities and mysteries, the support of excellencies, the cream of his contemporaries, and the cherisher of the poor!" These are a specimen of the flattering titles given in the East to persons in eminent stations. Their kings they clothe in all the attributes of the Deity, when both in their public and private character they are corrupt and unholy, rascals in grain, and the ruthless oppressors of suffering humanity.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Maker
- Truth
- Whole Truth
- East
- Sultanet Shah Jehan
- Emperor Shah Jehan
- Moon
- Again
- Universe
- Monarch
- World
- Age
- Sultan
- Solomon
- Naweeb Saheb
- Deity
Exposition: Job 32:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I know not to give flattering titles; in so doing my maker would soon take me away.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
19
Generated editorial witnesses
3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Job 32:1
- Gen 22:21
- Jer 25:23
- Job 32:2
- Job 32:3
- Job 32:4
- Job 32:5
- Job 32:6
- Job 32:7
- Gen 2:7
- Joh 1:9
- Rom 8:16
- Job 32:8
- Job 32:9
- Job 32:10
- Job 32:11
- Job 32:12
- Job 32:13
- Job 32:14
- Job 32:15
- Job 32:16
- Job 32:17
- Job 32:18
- Mat 9:17
- Job 32:19
- Job 32:20
- Job 32:21
- Job 32:22
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Ovid
- Septuagint
- Elihu
- The Septuagint
- Syriac
- Arabic
- Chaldee
- Dr
- De Rossi
- Jesus
- Nahor
- Abram
- Aram
- Ram
- Tema
- Idumea
- Abraham
- Buzite
- Judah
- St
- Jerome
- Bede
- Lyranus
- Beor
- Trinity
- Lord Jesus Christ
- Literally
- Job
- Mr
- Coverdale
- Lord Jesus
- Ruach Elohim
- Christ
- Yea
- Behold
- Confuted Job
- Eliphaz
- Zophar
- Bildad
- Words
- Bottles
- Maker
- Truth
- Whole Truth
- East
- Sultanet Shah Jehan
- Emperor Shah Jehan
- Moon
- Again
- Universe
- Monarch
- World
- Age
- Sultan
- Solomon
- Naweeb Saheb
- Deity
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Commentary Witness
Job 32:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 32:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness