Apologetics Bible
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Apologetics exposition helps trace how passages function in canonical argument, what doctrinal claims they touch, and how themes connect across the 66 books.
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Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Job_38
- Primary Witness Text: Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me. Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding. Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it? Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof; When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb? When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it, And brake up for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors, And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed? Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place; That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it? It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment. And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken. Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou walked in the search of the depth? Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death? Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all. Where is...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Job_38
- Chapter Blob Preview: Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me. Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding. Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the lin...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
Job's friends represent the dominant ancient Near Eastern theodicy: suffering = sin. God's answer from the whirlwind (chs. 38-41) does not explain the suffering but confronts Job with the staggering scale and wisdom of the creation — demanding the creature's epistemological humility before the Creator. Job 19:25-27 ("I know that my Redeemer lives") stands as the OT's most personal resurrection confession.
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Verse-by-verse study lane
Job 38:1
Hebrew
וַיַּֽעַן־יְהוָה אֶת־אִיּוֹב מנ הסערה מִן ׀ הַסְּעָרָה וַיֹּאמַֽר׃vaya'an-yehvah-'et-'iyvov-mn-hs'rh-min- -hase'arah-vayo'mar
KJV: Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
AKJV: Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
ASV: Then Jehovah answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
YLT: And Jehovah answereth Job out of the whirlwind, and saith: --
Exposition: Job 38:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:2
Hebrew
מִי זֶה ׀ מַחְשִׁיךְ עֵצָה בְמִלִּין בְּֽלִי־דָֽעַת׃miy-zeh- -macheshiykhe-'etzah-vemiliyn-veliy-da'at
KJV: Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?
AKJV: Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge?
ASV: Who is this that darkeneth counsel
YLT: Who is this--darkening counsel, By words without knowledge?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:2
Verse 2 Who is this that darkeneth counsel - As if he had said, Who art thou who pretendest to speak on the deep things of God, and the administration of his justice and providence, which thou canst not comprehend; and leavest my counsels and designs the darker for thy explanation?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
Exposition: Job 38:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:3
Hebrew
אֱזָר־נָא כְגֶבֶר חֲלָצֶיךָ וְאֶשְׁאָלְךָ וְהוֹדִיעֵֽנִי׃'ezar-na'-khegever-chalatzeykha-ve'eshe'alekha-vehvodiy'eniy
KJV: Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me.
AKJV: Gird up now your loins like a man; for I will demand of you, and answer you me.
ASV: Gird up now thy loins like a man;
YLT: Gird, I pray thee, as a man, thy loins, And I ask thee, and cause thou Me to know.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:3
Verse 3 Gird up now thy loins - I will not confound thee with my terrors; dismiss all fearful apprehensions from thy mind; now act like a man, כגבר kegeber, like a hero: stand and vindicate thyself. For I will demand of thee - I will ask thee a series of questions more easy of solution than those which thou hast affected to discuss already; and then thou shalt have the opportunity of answering for thyself. The most impressive and convincing manner of arguing is allowed to be that by interrogation, which the Almighty here adopts. The best orations delivered by the ancients were formed after this manner. That celebrated oration of Cicero against Catiline, which is allowed to be his masterpiece, begins with a multitude of short questions, closely pressed upon each other. See the end of the chapter, Job 38:40 (note).
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 38:40
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Catiline
Exposition: Job 38:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:4
Hebrew
אֵיפֹה הָיִיתָ בְּיָסְדִי־אָרֶץ הַגֵּד אִם־יָדַעְתָּ בִינָֽה׃'eyfoh-hayiyta-veyasediy-'aretz-haged-'im-yada'eta-viynah
KJV: Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.
AKJV: Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if you have understanding.
ASV: Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth?
YLT: Where wast thou when I founded earth? Declare, if thou hast known understanding.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:4
Verse 4 Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? - Thou hast a limited and derived being; thou art only of yesterday; what canst thou know? Didst thou see me create the world?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:5
Hebrew
מִי־שָׂם מְמַדֶּיהָ כִּי תֵדָע אוֹ מִֽי־נָטָה עָלֶיהָ קָּֽו׃miy-sham-memadeyha-khiy-teda'-'vo-miy-natah-'aleyha-qav
KJV: Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it?
AKJV: Who has laid the measures thereof, if you know? or who has stretched the line on it?
ASV: Who determined the measures thereof, if thou knowest?
YLT: Who placed its measures--if thou knowest? Or who hath stretched out upon it a line?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:5
Verse 5 Who hath laid the measures thereof - Who hath adjusted its polar and equatorial distances from the center? Who hath stretched the line - Who hath formed its zones and its great circles, and adjusted the whole of its magnitude and gravity to the orbit in which it was to move, as well as its distance from that great center about which it was to revolve? These questions show the difficulty of the subject; and that there was an unfathomable depth of counsel and design in the formation of the earth.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:6
Hebrew
עַל־מָה אֲדָנֶיהָ הָטְבָּעוּ אוֹ מִֽי־יָרָה אֶבֶן פִּנָּתָֽהּ׃'al-mah-'adaneyha-hateva'v-'vo-miy-yarah-'even-finatah
KJV: Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof;
AKJV: Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof;
ASV: Whereupon were the foundations thereof fastened?
YLT: On what have its sockets been sunk? Or who hath cast its corner-stone?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:6
Verse 6 Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? - How does it continue to revolve in the immensity of space? What supports it? Has it foundations like a building, and is it fastened with a key-stone, to keep the mighty fabric in union?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:7
Hebrew
בְּרָן־יַחַד כּוֹכְבֵי בֹקֶר וַיָּרִיעוּ כָּל־בְּנֵי אֱלֹהִֽים׃veran-yachad-khvokhevey-voqer-vayariy'v-khal-veney-'elohiym
KJV: When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
AKJV: When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
ASV: When the morning stars sang together,
YLT: In the singing together of stars of morning, And all sons of God shout for joy,
Commentary WitnessJob 38:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:7
Verse 7 When the morning stars sang together - This must refer to some intelligent beings who existed before the creation of the visible heavens and earth: and it is supposed that this and the following clause refer to the same beings; that by the sons of God, and the morning stars, the angelic host is meant; as they are supposed to be first, though perhaps not chief, in the order of creation. For the latter clause the Chaldee has, "All the troops of angels." Perhaps their creation may be included in the term heavens, Gen 1:1 : "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." These witnessed the progress of the creation; and, when God had finished his work, celebrated his wisdom and power in the highest strains.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 1:1
Exposition: Job 38:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:8
Hebrew
וַיָּסֶךְ בִּדְלָתַיִם יָם בְּגִיחוֹ מֵרֶחֶם יֵצֵֽא׃vayasekhe-videlatayim-yam-vegiychvo-merechem-yetze'
KJV: Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb?
AKJV: Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it broke forth, as if it had issued out of the womb?
ASV: Orwho shut up the sea with doors,
YLT: And He shutteth up with doors the sea, In its coming forth, from the womb it goeth out.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:8
Verse 8 Who shut up the sea with doors - Who gathered the waters together into one place, and fixed the sea its limits, so that it cannot overpass them to inundate the earth? When it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb? - This is a very fine metaphor. The sea is represented as a newly born infant issuing from the womb of the void and formless chaos; and the delicate circumstance of the liquor amnii, which bursts out previously to the birth of the foetus, alluded to. The allusion to the birth of a child is carried on in the next verse.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:9
Hebrew
בְּשׂוּמִי עָנָן לְבֻשׁוֹ וַעֲרָפֶל חֲתֻלָּתֽוֹ׃veshvmiy-'anan-levushvo-va'arafel-chatulatvo
KJV: When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it,
AKJV: When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddling cloth for it,
ASV: When I made clouds the garment thereof,
YLT: In My making a cloud its clothing, And thick darkness its swaddling band,
Commentary WitnessJob 38:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:9
Verse 9 When I make the cloud the garment - Alluding to the cloth in which the new-born infant is first received. The cloud was the same to the newly raised vapor, as the above recipient to the new-born child. And thick darkness a swaddlingband for it - Here is also an allusion to the first dressings of the new-born child: it is swathed in order to support the body, too tender to bear even careful handling without some medium between the hand of the nurse and the flesh of the child. "The image," says Mr. Good, "is exquisitely maintained: the new-born ocean is represented as issuing from the womb of chaos; and its dress is that of the new-born infant." There is here an allusion also to the creation, as described in Gen 1:1, Gen 1:2. Darkness is there said to be on the face of the Deep. Here it is said, the thick darkness was a swaddlingband for the new-born Sea.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 1:1
- Gen 1:2
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
- Good
- Deep
- Sea
Exposition: Job 38:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:10
Hebrew
וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי וָֽאָשִׂים בְּרִיחַ וּדְלָתָֽיִם׃va'eshevor-'alayv-chuqiy-va'ashiym-veriycha-vdelatayim
KJV: And brake up for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors,
AKJV: And broke up for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors,
ASV: And marked out for it my bound,
YLT: And I measure over it My statute, And place bar and doors,
Commentary WitnessJob 38:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:10
Verse 10 And brake up for it my decreed place - This refers to the decree, Gen 1:9 : "Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together unto one place." And set bars and doors - And let the dry land appear. This formed the bars and doors of the sea; the land being everywhere a barrier against the encroachments and inundations of the sea; and great rivers, bays, creeks, etc., the doors by which it passes into the interior of continents, etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gen 1:9
Exposition: Job 38:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And brake up for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:11
Hebrew
וָאֹמַר עַד־פֹּה תָבוֹא וְלֹא תֹסִיף וּפֹא־יָשִׁית בִּגְאוֹן גַּלֶּֽיךָ׃va'omar-'ad-foh-tavvo'-velo'-tosiyf-vfo'-yashiyt-vige'von-galeykha
KJV: And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed?
AKJV: And said, Till now shall you come, but no further: and here shall your proud waves be stayed?
ASV: And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further;
YLT: And say, `Hitherto come thou, and add not, And a command is placed On the pride of thy billows.'
Commentary WitnessJob 38:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:11
Verse 11 Hitherto shalt thou come - Thus far shall thy flux and reflux extend. The tides are marvellously limited and regulated, not only by the lunar and solar attractions, but by the quantum of time also which is required to remove any part of the earth's surface from under the immediate attractive influence of the sun and moon. And this regulation takes place by means of the rotation of the earth round its own axis, which causes one thousand and forty-two miles of its equator to pass from under any given point in the heavens in one hour; and about five hundred and eighty miles in the latitude of London: so that the attracted fluid parts are every moment passing from under the direct attractive influence, and thus the tides cannot generally be raised to any extraordinary height. The attraction of the sun and moon, and the gravitation of its own parts to its own center, which prevent too great a flux on the one hand, and too great a reflux on the other; or, in other words, too high a tide, and too deep an ebb, are also some of those bars and doors by which its proud waves are stayed, and prevented from coming farther; all being regulated by these laws of attraction by the sun and moon, the gravitation of its own parts from the sun and moon, and the diurnal motion round its own axis, by which the fluid parts, easily yielding to the above attraction, are continually moving from under the direct attractive influence. Here a world of wisdom and management was necessary, in order to proportion all these things to each other, so as to procure the great benefits which result from the flux and reflux of the sea, and prevent the evils that must take place, at least occasionally, were not those bars and doors provided. It is well known that the spring-tides happen at the change and full of the moon, at which time she is in conjunction with and opposition to the sun. As these retire from their conjunction, the tides neap till about three days after the first quadrature, when the tides begin again to be more and more elevated, and arrive at their maximum about the third day after the opposition. From this time the tides neap as before till the third day after the last quadrature; and afterwards their daily elevations are continually increased till about the third day after the conjunction, when they recommence their neaping; the principal phenomena of the tides always taking place at or near the some points of every lunar synodic revolution.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- London
Exposition: Job 38:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:12
Hebrew
הְֽמִיָּמֶיךָ צִוִּיתָ בֹּקֶר ידעתה שחר יִדַּעְתָּה הַשַּׁחַר מְקֹמֽוֹ׃hemiyameykha-tziviyta-voqer-yd'th-shchr-yida'etah-hashachar-meqomvo
KJV: Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place;
AKJV: Have you commanded the morning since your days; and caused the dayspring to know his place;
ASV: Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days began,
YLT: Hast thou commanded morning since thy days? Causest thou the dawn to know its place?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:12
Verse 12 Hast thou commanded the morning - This refers to dawn or morning twilight, occasioned by the refraction of the solar rays by means of the atmosphere; so that we receive the light by degrees, which would otherwise burst at once upon our eyes, and injure, if not destroy, our sight; and by which even the body of the sun himself becomes evident several minutes before he rises above the horizon. Caused the dayspring to know his place - This seems to refer to the different points in which daybreak appears during the course of the earth's revolution in its orbit; and which variety of points of appearing depends on this annual revolution. For, as the earth goes round the sun every year in the ecliptic, one half of which is on the north side of the equinoctial, and the other half on its south side, the sun appears to change his place every day. These are matters which the wisdom of God alone could plan, and which his power alone could execute. It may be just necessary to observe that the dawn does not appear, nor the sun rise exactly in the same point of the horizon, two successive days in the whole year, as he declines forty-three degrees north, and forty-three degrees south, of east; beginning on the 21st of March, and ending on the 22d of December; which variations not only produce the places of rising and setting, but also the length of day and night. And by this declination north and south, or approach to and recession from the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, the solar light takes hold of the ends of the earth, Job 38:13, enlightens the arctic and antarctic circles in such a way as it would not do were it always on the equinoctial line; these tropics taking the sun twenty-three and a half degrees north, and as many south, of this line.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 38:13
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- For
- March
- December
- Capricorn
Exposition: Job 38:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:13
Hebrew
לֶאֱחֹז בְּכַנְפוֹת הָאָרֶץ וְיִנָּעֲרוּ רְשָׁעִים מִמֶּֽנָּה׃le'echoz-vekhanefvot-ha'aretz-veyina'arv-resha'iym-mimenah
KJV: That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?
AKJV: That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?
ASV: That it might take hold of the ends of the earth,
YLT: To take hold on the skirts of the earth, And the wicked are shaken out of it,
Commentary WitnessJob 38:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:13
Verse 13 That the wicked might be shaken out of it? - The meaning appears to be this: as soon as the light begins to dawn upon the earth, thieves, assassins, murderers, and adulterers, who all hate and shun the light, fly like ferocious beasts to their several dens and hiding places; for such do not dare to come to the light, lest their works be manifest, which are not wrought in God. To this verse the fifteenth appears to belong, as it connects immediately with it, which connection the introduction of the fourteenth verse disturbs. "And from the wicked," such as are mentioned above "their light is withholden;" they love darkness rather than light, because their deeds are evil; and as they prowl after their prey in the night-season, they are obliged to sleep in the day, and thus its "light is withholden" from them. "And the high arm shall be broken;" or, as Mr. Good translates, "The roving of wickedness is broken off." They can no longer pursue their predatory and injurious excursions.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
Exposition: Job 38:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:14
Hebrew
תִּתְהַפֵּךְ כְּחֹמֶר חוֹתָם וְיִֽתְיַצְּבוּ כְּמוֹ לְבֽוּשׁ׃titehafekhe-khechomer-chvotam-veyiteyatzevv-khemvo-levvsh
KJV: It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment.
AKJV: It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment.
ASV: It is changed as clay under the seal;
YLT: It turneth itself as clay of a seal And they station themselves as clothed.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:14Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:14
Verse 14 It is turned as clay to the seal - The earth, like soft clay, is capable of modifying itself in endless ways, and assuming infinite forms. As a proof of this, see the astonishing variety of plants, flowers, and fruits, and the infinitely diversified hues, odours, tastes, consistency, and properties, of its vegetable productions. There seems to be an allusion here to the sealing of clay, which I believe has been, and is now, frequent in the East. Six of those Eastern seals for sealing clay, made of brass, the figures and characters all in relief, the interstices being entirely perforated and cut out, so that the upper side of the seal is the same as the lower, now lie before me. They seem to have been used for stamping pottery, as some of the fine clay still appears in the interstices. And they stand as a garment - The earth receiving these impressions from the solar light and heat, plants and flowers spring up, and decorate its surface as the most beautiful stamped garment does the person of the most sumptuously dressed female. Mr. Good translates the whole verse thus: - "Canst thou cause them to bend round as clay to the mould, so that they are made to sit like a garment?" He supposes that reference is here made to the rays of light; but take his own words: "The image, as it appears to me, is taken directly from the art of pottery, an image of very frequent recurrence in Scripture; and in the present instance admirably forcible in painting the ductility with which the new light of the morning bends round like clay to the mould, and accompanies the earth in every part of its shape so as to fit it, as we are expressly told in the ensuing metaphor, like a garment, as the clay fits the mould itself." Mr. Good supposes that a mould in which the pottery is formed, not a seal by which it is impressed, is referred to here. In this sense I do not see the metaphor consistent, nor the allusion happy. It is well known that the rays of light never bend. They may be reflected at particular angles, but they never go out of a straight course. A gun might as well be expected to shoot round a corner, as a ray of light to go out of a straight line, or to follow the sinuous or angular windings of a tube, canal, or adit. But if we take in the sun as he advances in his diurnal voyage, or rather the earth, as it turns round its axis from west to east, the metaphor of Mr. Good will be correct enough; but we must leave out bending and ductility, as every part of the earth's surface will be at least successively invested with the light.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- East
- Mr
- Scripture
Exposition: Job 38:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:15
Hebrew
וְיִמָּנַע מֵרְשָׁעִים אוֹרָם וּזְרוֹעַ רָמָה תִּשָּׁבֵֽר׃veyimana'-meresha'iym-'voram-vzervo'a-ramah-tishaver
KJV: And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken.
AKJV: And from the wicked their light is withheld, and the high arm shall be broken.
ASV: And from the wicked their light is withholden,
YLT: And withheld from the wicked is their light, And the arm lifted up is broken.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 38:15Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 38:15
Job 38:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 38:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 38:15
Exposition: Job 38:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:16
Hebrew
הֲבָאתָ עַד־נִבְכֵי־יָם וּבְחֵקֶר תְּהוֹם הִתְהַלָּֽכְתָּ׃hava'ta-'ad-nivekhey-yam-vvecheqer-tehvom-hitehalakheta
KJV: Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou walked in the search of the depth?
AKJV: Have you entered into the springs of the sea? or have you walked in the search of the depth?
ASV: Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea?
YLT: Hast thou come in to springs of the sea? And in searching the deep Hast thou walked up and down?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:16
Verse 16 Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? - Of these springs, inlets, or outlets of the sea, we know just as much as Job. There was prevalent among philosophers an opinion, that through a porous bottom fresh matter was constantly oozing by which the sea was supplied with new materials. But through such pores these materials might as well ooze out as ooze in. Walked in the search of the depth? - Hast thou walked from the shallow beach through the great ocean's bed, till thou hast arrived at its profoundest depths? In other words, Dost thou know the depths of the sea? Job, we may presume, did not. No man since him has found them out. In multitudes of places they are unfathomed by any means hitherto used by man.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Philo
- Job
Exposition: Job 38:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou walked in the search of the depth?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:17
Hebrew
הֲנִגְלוּ לְךָ שַׁעֲרֵי־מָוֶת וְשַׁעֲרֵי צַלְמָוֶת תִּרְאֶֽה׃hanigelv-lekha-sha'arey-mavet-vesha'arey-tzalemavet-tire'eh
KJV: Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death?
AKJV: Have the gates of death been opened to you? or have you seen the doors of the shadow of death?
ASV: Have the gates of death been revealed unto thee?
YLT: Revealed to thee were the gates of death? And the gates of death-shade dost thou see?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:17
Verse 17 Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? - Dost thou know in what the article of death consists? This is as inexplicable as the question, What is animal life? The doors of the shallow of death? - צלמות tsalmaveth, the intermediate state, the openings into the place of separate spirits. Here two places are distinguished: מות maveth, death, and צלמות tsalmaveth, the shadow of death. It will not do to say, death is the privation of life, for what then would be the shadow of that privation?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:18
Hebrew
הִתְבֹּנַנְתָּ עַד־רַחֲבֵי־אָרֶץ הַגֵּד אִם־יָדַעְתָּ כֻלָּֽהּ׃hitevonaneta-'ad-rachavey-'aretz-haged-'im-yada'eta-khulah
KJV: Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all.
AKJV: Have you perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if you know it all.
ASV: Hast thou comprehended the earth in its breadth?
YLT: Thou hast understanding, Even unto the broad places of earth! Declare--if thou hast known it all.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:18
Verse 18 The breadth of the earth? - At that time the circumference of the globe was not known, because the earth itself was supposed to be a vast extended plain, bordered all round with the ocean and the sky.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:19
Hebrew
אֵי־זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ יִשְׁכָּן־אוֹר וְחֹשֶׁךְ אֵי־זֶה מְקֹמֽוֹ׃'ey-zeh-haderekhe-yishekhan-'vor-vechoshekhe-'ey-zeh-meqomvo
KJV: Where is the way where light dwelleth? and as for darkness, where is the place thereof,
AKJV: Where is the way where light dwells? and as for darkness, where is the place thereof,
ASV: Where is the way to the dwelling of light?
YLT: Where is this--the way light dwelleth? And darkness, where is this--its place?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:19
Verse 19 Where light dwelleth - What is the source of light? Yea, what is light itself? It is not in the sun, for light was before the sun; but what is light? It is no doubt a substance; but of what kind? and of what are its particles? As to darkness, what is It? Is it philosophical to say, it is the mere privation of light? I shall think philosophy has made some advances to general accuracy and perfection when it proves to us what cold is, and what darkness is, leaving mere privations out of the question.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Philo
- Yea
Exposition: Job 38:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Where is the way where light dwelleth? and as for darkness, where is the place thereof,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:20
Hebrew
כִּי תִקָּחֶנּוּ אֶל־גְּבוּלוֹ וְכִֽי־תָבִין נְתִיבוֹת בֵּיתֽוֹ׃khiy-tiqachenv-'el-gevvlvo-vekhiy-taviyn-netiyvvot-veytvo
KJV: That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that thou shouldest know the paths to the house thereof?
AKJV: That you should take it to the bound thereof, and that you should know the paths to the house thereof?
ASV: That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof,
YLT: That thou dost take it unto its boundary, And that thou dost understand The paths of its house.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:20
Verse 20 Shouldest take it to the bound thereof? - Or, as Mr. Good, translates, "That thou shouldest lay hold of it in its boundary." That thou shouldest go to the very spot where light commences, and where darkness ends; and see the house where each dwells. Here darkness and light are personified, each as a real intelligent being, having a separate existence and local dwelling. But poetry animates everything. It is the region of fictitious existence. I believe this verse should be translated thus: - "For thou canst take Us to its boundary; for thou knowest the paths to its house." This is a strong irony, and there are several others in this Divine speech. Job had valued himself too much on his knowledge; and a chief object of this august speech is to humble his "knowing pride," and to cause him to seek true wisdom and humility where they are to be found.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Or
- Mr
- Good
Exposition: Job 38:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that thou shouldest know the paths to the house thereof?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:21
Hebrew
יָדַעְתָּ כִּי־אָז תִּוָּלֵד וּמִסְפַּר יָמֶיךָ רַבִּֽים׃yada'eta-khiy-'az-tivaled-vmisefar-yameykha-raviym
KJV: Knowest thou it, because thou wast then born? or because the number of thy days is great?
AKJV: Know you it, because you were then born? or because the number of your days is great?
ASV: Doubtless, thou knowest, for thou wast then born,
YLT: Thou hast known--for then thou art born And the number of thy days are many!
Commentary WitnessJob 38:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:21
Verse 21 Knowest thou - This is another strong and biting irony, and the literal translation proves it: "Thou knowest, because thou was then born; and the number of thy days is great," or multitudinous, רבים rabbim, multitudes.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Knowest thou it, because thou wast then born? or because the number of thy days is great?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:22
Hebrew
הֲבָאתָ אֶל־אֹצְרוֹת שָׁלֶג וְאֹצְרוֹת בָּרָד תִּרְאֶֽה׃hava'ta-'el-'otzervot-shaleg-ve'otzervot-varad-tire'eh
KJV: Hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail,
AKJV: Have you entered into the treasures of the snow? or have you seen the treasures of the hail,
ASV: Hast thou entered the treasuries of the snow,
YLT: Hast thou come in unto the treasure of snow? Yea, the treasures of hail dost thou see?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:22
Verse 22 The treasures of the snow - The places where snow is formed, and the cause of that formation. See on Job 37:6 (note). Treasures of the hail - It is more easy to account for the formation of snow than of hail. Hail, however, is generally supposed to be drops of rain frozen in their passage through cold regions of the air; and the hail is always in proportion to the size of the raindrop from which it was formed. But this meteor does not appear to be formed from a single drop of water, as it is found to be composed of many small spherules frozen together, the center sometimes soft like snow, and at other times formed of a hard nucleus, which in some cases has been of a brown color, capable of ignition and explosion. In the description given of snow, Job 37:6, it has been stated that both snow and hail owe their formation to electricity; the hail being formed in the higher regions of the air, where the cold is intense, and the electric matter abundant. By this agency it is supposed that a great number of aqueous particles are brought together and frozen, and in their descent collect other particles, so that the density of the substance of the hailstone grows less and less from the center, this being formed first in the higher regions, and the surface being collected in the lower. This theory is not in all cases supported by fact, as in some instances the center has been found soft and snow-like, when the surface has been hard. Hail is the only meteor of this kind, from which no apparent good is derived. Rain and dew invigorate and give life to the whole vegetable world; frost, by expanding the water contained in the earth, pulverizes and renders the soil fertile; snow covers and defends vegetables from being destroyed by too severe a frost; but hail does none of these. It not only does no good, but often much harm - always some. It has a chilling, blasting effect in spring and summer, and cuts the tender plants so as to injure or totally destroy them. In short, the treasures of hail are not well known; and its use in the creation has not yet been ascertained. But frost is God's universal plough, by which he cultivates the whole earth.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 37:6
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Hail
Exposition: Job 38:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:23
Hebrew
אֲשֶׁר־חָשַׂכְתִּי לְעֶת־צָר לְיוֹם קְרָב וּמִלְחָמָֽה׃'asher-chashakhetiy-le'et-tzar-leyvom-qerav-vmilechamah
KJV: Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?
AKJV: Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?
ASV: Which I have reserved against the time of trouble,
YLT: That I have kept back for a time of distress, For a day of conflict and battle.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:23Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:23
Verse 23 Reserved against the time of trouble - לעת צר leeth tsar, "to the season of strictness," i.e., the season when the earth is constringed or bound by the frost. Against the day of battle and war? - Hailstones being often employed as instruments of God's displeasure against his enemies, and the enemies of his people. There is probably an allusion here to the plague of hail sent on the Egyptians. See Exo 9:23 (note), and the notes there, for more particulars concerning hailstones, remarkable showers of them, etc. There may be also a reference to Jos 10:10-11 (note), where a destructive shower of what are called hailstones fell upon the Canaanitish kings who fought against Israel. See the note there also.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Egyptians
- Israel
Exposition: Job 38:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:24
Hebrew
אֵי־זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ יֵחָלֶק אוֹר יָפֵץ קָדִים עֲלֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃'ey-zeh-haderekhe-yechaleq-'vor-yafetz-qadiym-'aley-'aretz
KJV: By what way is the light parted, which scattereth the east wind upon the earth?
AKJV: By what way is the light parted, which scatters the east wind on the earth?
ASV: By what way is the light parted,
YLT: Where is this, the way light is apportioned? It scattereth an east wind over the earth.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:24
Verse 24 By what way is the light parted - Who can accurately describe the cause and operation of a thunder cloud, the cause, nature, and mode of operation of the lightning itself? Is it a simple element or compound substance? What is its velocity? and why not conductible by every kind of substance, as it is known to exist in all, and, indeed, to be diffused through every portion of nature? How is it parted? How does it take its zigzag form? this is the curious, indescribable, and unknown parting. Are all the causes of positive and negative electricity found out? What are its particles, and how do they cohere, and in what order are they propagated? Much has been said on all these points, and how little of that much satisfactorily! Scattereth the east wind upon the earth? - קדים kadim, the eastern storm, euroclydon, or levanter.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'By what way is the light parted, which scattereth the east wind upon the earth?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:25
Hebrew
מִֽי־פִלַּג לַשֶּׁטֶף תְּעָלָה וְדֶרֶךְ לַחֲזִיז קֹלֽוֹת׃miy-filag-lashetef-te'alah-vederekhe-lachaziyz-qolvot
KJV: Who hath divided a watercourse for the overflowing of waters, or a way for the lightning of thunder;
AKJV: Who has divided a watercourse for the overflowing of waters, or a way for the lightning of thunder;
ASV: Who hath cleft a channel for the waterflood,
YLT: Who hath divided for the flood a conduit? And a way for the lightning of the voices?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:25Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:25
Verse 25 Divided a water-course - The original תעלה tealah, from עלה alah, to ascend, may signify rather a cloud, or clouds in general, where the waters are stored up. I cannot see how the overflowings or torrents of water can be said to ascend any other way than by evaporation; and it is by this Divine contrivance that the earth is not only irrigated, but even dried; and by this means too much moisture is not permitted to lie upon the ground, which would not only be injurious to vegetation, but even destroy it. But query, may not a waterspout be intended? A way for the lightning of thunder - "A path for the bolt of thunder." God is represented as directing the course even of the lightning; he launches the bolt, and makes the path in which it is to run. To grasp, manage, and dart the thunderbolt or lightning, was a work which heathenism gave to Jupiter, its supreme god. None of the inferior deities were capable of this. But who can thunder with a voice like the Almighty? He is The Thunderer.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jupiter
- The Thunderer
Exposition: Job 38:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who hath divided a watercourse for the overflowing of waters, or a way for the lightning of thunder;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:26
Hebrew
לְהַמְטִיר עַל־אֶרֶץ לֹא־אִישׁ מִדְבָּר לֹא־אָדָם בּֽוֹ׃lehametiyr-'al-'eretz-lo'-'iysh-midevar-lo'-'adam-vvo
KJV: To cause it to rain on the earth, where no man is; on the wilderness, wherein there is no man;
AKJV: To cause it to rain on the earth, where no man is; on the wilderness, wherein there is no man;
ASV: To cause it to rain on a land where no man is;
YLT: To cause it to rain on a land--no man, A wilderness--no man in it.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:26Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:26
Verse 26 To cause it to rain on the earth - It is well known that rain falls copiously in thunder-storms. The flash is first seen, the clap is next heard, and last the rain descends. The lightning travels all lengths in no perceivable succession of time. Sound is propagated at the rate of 1142 feet in a second. Rain travels still more slowly, and will be seen sooner or later according to the weight of the drops, and the distance of the cloud from the place of the spectator. Now the flash, the clap, and the rain, take place all in the same moment, but are discernible by us in the succession already mentioned, and for the reasons given above; and more at large in the note on Job 36:29, etc. But how are these things formed? The lightning is represented as coming immediately from the hand of God. The clap is the effect of the lightning, which causes a vacuum in that part of the atmosphere through which it passes; the air rushing in to restore the equilibrium may cause much of the noise that is heard in the clap. An easy experiment on the airpump illustrates this: Take a glass receiver open at both ends, over one end tie a piece of sheep's bladder wet, and let it stand till thoroughly dry. Then place the open end on the plate of the airpump, and exhaust the air slowly from under it. The bladder soon becomes concave, owing to the pressure of the atmospheric air on it, the supporting air in the receiver being partly thrown out. Carry on the exhaustion, and the air presses at the rate of fifteen pounds on every square inch; see on Job 28:28 (note). The fibres of the bladder, being no longer capable of bearing the pressure of the atmospheric column upon the receiver, are torn to pieces, with a noise equal to the report of a musket, which is occasioned by the air rushing in to restore the equilibrium. Imagine a rapid succession of such experiments, and you have the peal of thunder, the rupture of the first bladder being the clap. But the explosion of the gases (oxygen and hydrogen) of which water is composed will also account for the noise. See below. But how does the thunder cause rain? By the most accurate and incontestable experiments it is proved that water is a composition of two elastic airs or gases as they are called, oxygen and hydrogen. In 100 parts of water there are 88 1/4 of oxygen, and 11 3/4 of hydrogen. Pass a succession of electric sparks through water by means of a proper apparatus, and the two gases are produced in the proportions mentioned above. To decompose water by galvanism: - Take a narrow glass tube three or four inches long; fit each end with a cork penetrated by a piece of slender iron wire, and fill the tube with water. Let the ends of the two wires within the tube be distant from each other about three quarters of an inch, and let one be made to communicate with the top, the other with the bottom of a galvanic pile in action. On making this communication, bubbles of air will be formed, and ascend to the top of the tube, the water decreasing as it is decomposed. The oxygen and hydrogen formed by this experiment may be recomposed into the same weight of water. Take any quantity of the oxygen and hydrogen gases in the proportions already mentioned; ignite them by the electric spark, and they produce a quantity of water equal in weight to the gases employed. Thus, then, we can convert water into air, and reconvert this air into water; and the proportions hold as above. I have repeatedly seen this done, and assisted in doing it, but cannot, in this place, describe every thing in detail. Now to the purpose of this note: the rain descending after the flash and the peal. The electric spark or matter of lightning, passing through the atmosphere, ignites and decomposes the oxygen and hydrogen, which explode, and the water which was formed of these two falls down in the form of rain. The explosion of the gases, as well as the rushing in of the circumambient air to restore the equilibrium, will account for the clap and peal: as the decomposition and ignition of them will account for the water or rain which is the attendant of a thunder storm. Thus by the lightning of thunder God causes it to rain on the earth. How marvellous and instructive are his ways!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:26
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 36:29
- Job 28:28
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Thus
Exposition: Job 38:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To cause it to rain on the earth, where no man is; on the wilderness, wherein there is no man;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:27
Hebrew
לְהַשְׂבִּיעַ שֹׁאָה וּמְשֹׁאָה וּלְהַצְמִיחַ מֹצָא דֶֽשֶׁא׃lehasheviy'a-sho'ah-vmesho'ah-vlehatzemiycha-motza'-deshe'
KJV: To satisfy the desolate and waste ground; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth?
AKJV: To satisfy the desolate and waste ground; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth?
ASV: To satisfy the waste and desolate ground,
YLT: To satisfy a desolate and waste place, And to cause to shoot up The produce of the tender grass?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:27Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:27
Verse 27 To satisfy the desolate and waste - The thunder cloud not only explodes over inhabited countries, that the air may be purified and the rain sent down to fertilize the earth, but it is conducted over deserts where there is no human inhabitant; and this to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth: for there are beasts, fowls, and insects, that inhabit the desert and the wilderness, and must be nourished by the productions of the ground. Every tribe of animals was made by the hand of God, and even the lowest of them is supported by his kind providence.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:27
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
Exposition: Job 38:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To satisfy the desolate and waste ground; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:28
Hebrew
הֲיֵשׁ־לַמָּטָר אָב אוֹ מִי־הוֹלִיד אֶגְלֵי־טָֽל׃hayesh-lamatar-'av-'vo-miy-hvoliyd-'egeley-tal
KJV: Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten the drops of dew?
AKJV: Has the rain a father? or who has begotten the drops of dew?
ASV: Hath the rain a father?
YLT: Hath the rain a father? Or who hath begotten the drops of dew?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:28Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:28
Verse 28 Hath the rain a father? - Or, Who is the father of the rain? We have seen above one part of the apparatus by which God produces it; other causes have been mentioned on Job 36:27, etc. The drops of dew? - אגלי egley, the sphericles, the small round drops or globules. Dew is a dense moist vapor, found on the earth in spring and summer mornings, in the form of a mizzling rain. Dr. Hutton defines it, "a thin, light, insensible mist or rain, descending with a slow motion, and falling while the sun is below the horizon. It appears to differ from rain as less from more. Its origin and matter are doubtless from the vapours and exhalations that rise from the earth and water." Various experiments have been instituted to ascertain whether dew arises from the earth, or descends from the atmosphere; and those pro and con have alternately preponderated. The question is not yet decided; and we cannot yet tell any more than Job which hath begotten the drops of dew, the atmosphere or the earth. Is it water deposited from the atmosphere, when the surface of the ground is colder than the air?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:28
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 36:27
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Or
- Dr
Exposition: Job 38:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten the drops of dew?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:29
Hebrew
מִבֶּטֶן מִי יָצָא הַקָּרַח וּכְפֹר שָׁמַיִם מִי יְלָדֽוֹ׃miveten-miy-yatza'-haqarach-vkhefor-shamayim-miy-yeladvo
KJV: Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it?
AKJV: Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who has gendered it?
ASV: Out of whose womb came the ice?
YLT: From whose belly came forth the ice? And the hoar-frost of the heavens, Who hath begotten it?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:29Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:29
Verse 29 Out of whose womb came the ice? - Ice is a solid, transparent, and brittle body, formed of water by means of cold. Some philosophers suppose that ice is only the re-establishment of water in its natural state; that the mere absence of fire is sufficient to account for this re-establishment; and that the fluidity of water is a real fusion, like that of metals exposed to the action of fire; and differing only in this, that a greater portion of fire is necessary to one than the other. Ice, therefore, is supposed to be the natural state of water; so that in its natural state water is solid, and becomes fluid only by the action of fire, as solid metallic bodies are brought into a state of fusion by the same means. Ice is lighter than water, its specific gravity being to that of water as eight to nine. This rarefaction of ice is supposed to be owing to the air-bubbles produced in water by freezing, and which, being considerably larger in proportion to the water frozen, render the body so much specifically lighter; hence ice always floats on water. The air-bubbles, during their production, acquire a great expansive power, so as to burst the containing vessels, be they ever so strong. See examples in the note on Job 37:10 (note). The hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it? - Hoar-frost is the congelation of dew, in frosty mornings, on the grass. It consists of an assemblage of little crystals of ice, which are of various figures, according to the different disposition of the vapours when met and condensed by the cold. Its production is owing to some laws with which we are not yet acquainted. Of this subject, after the lapse and experience of between two and three thousand years, we know about as much as Job did. And the question, What hath engendered the hoar-frost of heaven! is, to this hour, nearly as inexplicable to us as it was to him! Is it enough to say that hoar-frost is water deposited from the atmosphere at a low temperature, so as to produce congelation?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:29
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 37:10
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Philo
- Ice
Exposition: Job 38:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:30
Hebrew
כָּאֶבֶן מַיִם יִתְחַבָּאוּ וּפְנֵי תְהוֹם יִתְלַכָּֽדוּ׃kha'even-mayim-yitechava'v-vfeney-tehvom-yitelakhadv
KJV: The waters are hid as with a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen.
AKJV: The waters are hid as with a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen.
ASV: The waters hide themselvesand becomelike stone,
YLT: As a stone waters are hidden, And the face of the deep is captured.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:30Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:30
Verse 30 The waters are hid as with a stone - Here is a reference to freezing in the winter, as we may learn from some of the constellations mentioned below, which arise above our horizon, in the winter months. The word יתחבאו yithchabbau is understood by the versions in general as implying hardening or congelation; and we know in some intense frosts the ice becomes as hard as a stone; and even the face of the deep - the very seas themselves, not only in the polar circles, but even in northern countries, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, and parts of Germany, are really frozen, and locked up from all the purposes of navigation for several months in winter.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:30
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Norway
- Sweden
- Denmark
- Holland
- Germany
Exposition: Job 38:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The waters are hid as with a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:31
Hebrew
הַֽתְקַשֵּׁר מַעֲדַנּוֹת כִּימָה אֽוֹ־מֹשְׁכוֹת כְּסִיל תְּפַתֵּֽחַ׃hateqasher-ma'adanvot-khiymah-'vo-moshekhvot-khesiyl-tefatecha
KJV: Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
AKJV: Can you bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
ASV: Canst thou bind the cluster of the Pleiades,
YLT: Dost thou bind sweet influences of Kimah? Or the attractions of Kesil dost thou open?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:31Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:31
Verse 31 Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades - The Pleiades are a constellation in the sign Taurus. They consist of six stars visible to the naked eye; to a good eye, in a clear night, seven are discernible; but with a telescope ten times the number may be readily counted. They make their appearance in the spring. Orion may be seen in the morning, towards the end of October, and is visible through November, December, and January; and hence, says Mr. Good, it becomes a correct and elegant synecdoche for the winter at large. The Pleiades are elegantly opposed to Orion, as the vernal renovation of nature is opposed to its wintry destruction; the mild and open benignity of spring, to the severe and icy inactivity of winter. I have already expressed my mind on these supposed constellations, and must refer to my notes on Job 9:9, etc., and to the learned notes of Doctor Hales and Mr. Mason Good on these texts. They appear certain, where I am obliged to doubt; and, from their view of the subject, make very useful and important deductions. I find reluctance in departing from the ancient versions. In this case, these learned men follow them; I cannot, because I do not see the evidence of the groundwork; and I dare not draw conclusions from premises which seem to me precarious, or which I do not understand. I wish, therefore, the reader to examine and judge for himself. Coverdale renders the Job 38:31 and Job 38:32 verses thus: Hast thou brought the VII starres together? Or, Art thou able to breake the circle of heaven? Canst thou bringe forth the morynge starre, or the evenynge starre, at convenient tyme, and conveye them home agayne?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:31
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 9:9
- Job 38:31
- Job 38:32
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Taurus
- October
- November
- December
- January
- Mr
- Good
- Orion
- Or
Exposition: Job 38:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:32
Hebrew
הֲתֹצִיא מַזָּרוֹת בְּעִתּוֹ וְעַיִשׁ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ תַנְחֵֽם׃hatotziy'-mazarvot-ve'itvo-ve'ayish-'al-vaneyha-tanechem
KJV: Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?
AKJV: Can you bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or can you guide Arcturus with his sons?
ASV: Canst thou lead forth the Mazzaroth in their season?
YLT: Dost thou bring out Mazzaroth in its season? And Aysh for her sons dost thou comfort?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:32Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:32
Verse 32 Mazzaroth in his season? - This is generally understood to mean the signs of the zodiac. מזרות Mazzaroth, according to Parkhurst, comes from מזר mazar, to corrupt; and he supposes it to mean that pestilential wind in Arabia, called simoom, the season of which is the summer heats.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:32
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mazzaroth
- Parkhurst
- Arabia
Exposition: Job 38:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:33
Hebrew
הֲיָדַעְתָּ חֻקּוֹת שָׁמָיִם אִם־תָּשִׂים מִשְׁטָרוֹ בָאָֽרֶץ׃hayada'eta-chuqvot-shamayim-'im-tashiym-mishetarvo-va'aretz
KJV: Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth?
AKJV: Know you the ordinances of heaven? can you set the dominion thereof in the earth?
ASV: Knowest thou the ordinances of the heavens?
YLT: Hast thou known the statutes of heaven? Or dost thou appoint Its dominion in the earth?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:33Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:33
Verse 33 Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? - Art thou a thorough astronomer? Art thou acquainted with all the laws of the planetary system? Canst thou account for the difference of their motions, and the influence by which they are retained and revolve in their orbits? And canst thou tell what influence or dominion they exercise on the earth? Sir Isaac Newton has given us much light on many of these things; but to his system, which is most probably the true one, gravity is essential; and yet what this gravity is he could neither explain nor comprehend; and his followers are not one whit wiser than he. No man has ever yet fully found out the ordinances of heaven, and the dominion thereof on the earth.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:33
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Newton
Exposition: Job 38:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:34
Hebrew
הֲתָרִים לָעָב קוֹלֶךָ וְֽשִׁפְעַת־מַיִם תְּכַסֶּֽךָּ׃hatariym-la'av-qvolekha-veshife'at-mayim-tekhasekha
KJV: Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may cover thee?
AKJV: Can you lift up your voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may cover you?
ASV: Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds,
YLT: Dost thou lift up to the cloud thy voice, And abundance of water doth cover thee?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:34Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:34
Verse 34 Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds - Canst thou produce lightning and thunder, that water may be formed, and poured down upon the earth? Thunder is called קלות koloth, voices; for it is considered the voice of God: here then Job's voice, קולך kolecha, is opposed to the voice of Jehovah!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:34
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may cover thee?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:35
Hebrew
הֽ͏ַתְשַׁלַּח בְּרָקִים וְיֵלֵכוּ וְיֹאמְרוּ לְךָ הִנֵּֽנוּ׃hateshalach-veraqiym-veyelekhv-veyo'merv-lekha-hinenv
KJV: Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are?
AKJV: Can you send lightning, that they may go and say to you, Here we are?
ASV: Canst thou send forth lightnings, that they may go,
YLT: Dost thou send out lightnings, and they go And say unto thee, `Behold us?'
Commentary WitnessJob 38:35Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:35
Verse 35 Canst thou send lightnings - We have already seen that the lightning is supposed to be immediately in the hand and under the management of God. The great god of the heathen, Jupiter Brontes, is represented with the forked lightnings and thunderbolt in his hand. He seems so to grasp the bickering flame that, though it struggles for liberty, it cannot escape from his hold. Lightnings - How much like the sound of thunder is the original word: ברכים Berakim! Here are both sense and sound. Here we are? - Will the winged lightnings be thy messengers, as they are mine?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:35
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jupiter Brontes
Exposition: Job 38:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:36
Hebrew
מִי־שָׁת בַּטֻּחוֹת חָכְמָה אוֹ מִֽי־נָתַן לַשֶּׂכְוִי בִינָֽה׃miy-shat-vatuchvot-chakhemah-'vo-miy-natan-lashekheviy-viynah
KJV: Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart?
AKJV: Who has put wisdom in the inward parts? or who has given understanding to the heart?
ASV: Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts?
YLT: Who hath put in the inward parts wisdom? Or who hath given To the covered part understanding?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:36Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:36
Verse 36 Who hath put wisdom in the in ward parts? - Who has given לשכוי lasechvi, to the contemplative person, understanding? Even the most sedulous attention to a subject, and the deepest contemplation, are not sufficient to investigate truth, without the inspiration of the Almighty, which alone can give understanding. But who has given man the power to conceive and understand? A power which he knows he has, but which he cannot comprehend. Man knows nothing of his own mind, nor of the mode of its operations. This mind we possess, these operations we perform; - and of either do we know any thing? If we know not our own spirit, how can we comprehend that Spirit which is infinite and eternal? Mr. Good thinks that this verse is a continuation of the subject above, relative to the lightnings, and therefore translates thus: - Who putteth understanding into the vollies? And who giveth to the shafts discernment? All the versions, except the Septuagint, which trifles here, understand the place as we do. Either makes a good sense. The Septuagint has, "Who hath given the knowledge of weaving to women; or the science of embroidery?" Instead of understanding to the heart, the Vulgate has, understanding to the cock; that it might be able to distinguish and proclaim the watches of the night.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:36
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Almighty
- Mr
Exposition: Job 38:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:37
Hebrew
מִֽי־יְסַפֵּר שְׁחָקִים בְּחָכְמָה וְנִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּֽיב׃miy-yesafer-shechaqiym-vechakhemah-veniveley-shamayim-miy-yashekhiyv
KJV: Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven,
AKJV: Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven,
ASV: Who can number the clouds by wisdom?
YLT: Who doth number the clouds by wisdom? And the bottles of the heavens, Who doth cause to lie down,
Commentary WitnessJob 38:37Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:37
Verse 37 Who can number the clouds - Perhaps the word ספר saphar, which is commonly rendered to number, may here mean, as in Arabic, to irradiate, as Mr. Good contends; and may refer to those celestial and inimitable tinges which we sometimes behold in the sky. Bottles of heaven - The clouds: it is an allusion to the girbahs, or bottles made of skin, in which they are accustomed to carry their water from wells and tanks.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:37
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Arabic
- Mr
Exposition: Job 38:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:38
Hebrew
בְּצֶקֶת עָפָר לַמּוּצָק וּרְגָבִים יְדֻבָּֽקוּ׃vetzeqet-'afar-lamvtzaq-vregaviym-yeduvaqv
KJV: When the dust groweth into hardness, and the clods cleave fast together?
AKJV: When the dust grows into hardness, and the clods stuck fast together?
ASV: When the dust runneth into a mass,
YLT: In the hardening of dust into hardness, And clods cleave together?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:38Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:38
Verse 38 When the dust groweth into hardness - That is, Who knows how the dust - the elementary particles of matter, were concreted; and how the clods - the several parts of the earth, continue to cohere? What is the principle of cohesion among the different particles of matter, in all metals and minerals? Even water, in a solid form, constitutes a part of several gems, called thence water of crystallization. Who can solve this question? How is it that 90 parts of alumine, 7 of silex, and 1.2 of oxide of iron, constitute the oriental ruby? and that 90 parts of silex and 19 of water, form the precious opal? And how can 46 parts of silex, 14 of alumine, 28 of carbonate of lime, 6.5 of sulphate of lime, 3 of oxide of iron, and 2 of water, enter into the constitution, and form the substance, of the lapis lazuli? How do these solids and fluids of such differing natures grow into hardness, and form this curious mineral? Take another example from that beautiful precious stone, the emerald. Its analysis shows it to be composed of glucine 13, silex 64.5, alumine 16, lime 1.6, and oxide of chrome 3.25. Now how can these dusts, utterly worthless in themselves, grow into hardness, combine, and form one of the most beautiful, and, next to the diamond, the most precious, of all the gems? The almighty and infinitely wise God has done this in a way only known to and comprehensible by himself.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:38
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 38:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When the dust groweth into hardness, and the clods cleave fast together?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:39
Hebrew
הֲתָצוּד לְלָבִיא טָרֶף וְחַיַּת כְּפִירִים תְּמַלֵּֽא׃hatatzvd-lelaviy'-taref-vechayat-khefiyriym-temale'
KJV: Wilt thou hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions,
AKJV: Will you hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions,
ASV: Canst thou hunt the prey for the lioness,
YLT: Dost thou hunt for a lion prey? And the desire of young lions fulfil?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:39Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:39
Verse 39 Wilt thou hunt the prey for the lion? - Rather the lioness, or strong lion. Hast thou his instinct? Dost thou know the habits and haunts of such animals as he seeks for his food? Thou hast neither his strength, his instinct nor his cunning. In the best Hebrew Bibles, the thirty-ninth chapter begins with this verse, and begins properly, as a new subject now commences, relating to the natural history of the earth, or the animal kingdom; as the preceding chapter does to astronomy and meteorology.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:39
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Hebrew Bibles
Exposition: Job 38:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wilt thou hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:40
Hebrew
כִּי־יָשֹׁחוּ בַמְּעוֹנוֹת יֵשְׁבוּ בַסֻּכָּה לְמוֹ־אָֽרֶב׃khiy-yashochv-vame'vonvot-yeshevv-vasukhah-lemvo-'arev
KJV: When they couch in their dens, and abide in the covert to lie in wait?
AKJV: When they couch in their dens, and abide in the covert to lie in wait?
ASV: When they couch in their dens,
YLT: When they bow down in dens--Abide in a thicket for a covert?
Commentary WitnessJob 38:40Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:40
Verse 40 When they couch in their dens - Before they are capable of trusting themselves abroad. Abide in the covert - Before they are able to hunt down the prey by running. It is a fact that the young lions, before they have acquired sufficient strength and swiftness, lie under cover, in order to surprise those animals which they have not fleetness enough to overtake in the forest; and from this circumstance the כפירים kephirim, "young lions, or lions' whelps," have their name: the root is כפר caphar, to cover or hide. See the note on Job 4:11, where six different names are given to the lion, all expressing some distinct quality or state.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:40
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 4:11
Exposition: Job 38:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When they couch in their dens, and abide in the covert to lie in wait?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 38:41
Hebrew
מִי יָכִין לָעֹרֵב צֵידוֹ כִּֽי־ילדו יְלָדָיו אֶל־אֵל יְשַׁוֵּעוּ יִתְעוּ לִבְלִי־אֹֽכֶל׃miy-yakhiyn-la'orev-tzeydvo-khiy-yldv-yeladayv-'el-'el-yeshave'v-yite'v-liveliy-'okhel
KJV: Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry unto God, they wander for lack of meat.
AKJV: Who provides for the raven his food? when his young ones cry to God, they wander for lack of meat.
ASV: Who provideth for the raven his prey,
YLT: Who doth prepare for a raven his provision, When his young ones cry unto God? They wander without food.
Commentary WitnessJob 38:41Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 38:41
Verse 41 Who provideth for the raven - This bird is chosen, perhaps, for his voracious appetite, and general hunger for prey, beyond most other fowls. He makes a continual cry, and the cry is that of hunger. He dares not frequent the habitations of men, as he is considered a bird of ill omen, and hated by all. This verse is finely paraphrased by Dr. Young: - "Fond man! the vision of a moment made! Dream of a dream, and shadow of a shade! What worlds hast thou produced, what creatures framed, What insects cherish'd, that thy God is blamed? When pain'd with hunger, the wild raven's brood Calls upon God, importunate for food, Who hears their cry? Who grants their hoarse request, And stills the glamours of the craving nest?" On which he has this note: - "The reason given why the raven is particularly mentioned as the care of Providence is, because by her clamorous and importunate voice she particularly seems always calling upon it; thence κορασσω, α κοραξ, is to ask earnestly - Aelian. lib. ii., c. 48. And since there were ravens on the banks of the Nile, more clamorous than the rest of that species, those probably are meant in this place." The commencement of Cicero's oration against Catiline, to which I have referred on Job 38:3, is the following: - Quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? Quamdiu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet? Quem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia? Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium palatii-nihil urbis vigiliae, - nihil timor popuii, - nihii concursus bonorum omnium, - nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus-nihil horum ora, vultusque moverunt? Patere tua consilia nan sentis? Constrictam jam omnium horum conscientia teneri conjurationem tuam non vides? Quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris, - ubi fueris, quos convocaveris, - quid consilii ceperis, quem nostrum ignorare arbitraris? O tempora! O mores! Senatus haec intelligit, - consul videt; hic tamen vivit! Vivit? immo vero eitam in senatum venit; fit publici consilii particeps; notat et designat oculis ad caedem unumquemque nostrum! Nos autem, viri fortes, satisfacere reipublicae videmur, si istius furorem ac tela vitemus! "How long wilt thou, O Catiline, abuse our patience? How long shall thy madness out-brave our justice? To what extremities art thou resolved to push thy unbridled insolence of guilt? Canst thou behold the nocturnal arms that watch the palatium, - the guards of the city, - the consternation of the citizens, - all the wise and worthy clustering into consultation, - the impregnable situation of the seat of the senate, - and the reproachful looks of the fathers of Rome? Canst thou behold all this, and yet remain undaunted and unabashed? Art thou insensible that thy measures are detected? Art thou insensible that this senate, now thoroughly informed, comprehend the whole extent of thy guilt? Show me the senator ignorant of thy practices during the last and preceding night, of the place where you met, the company you summoned, and the crime you concerted. The senate is conscious, - the consul is witness to all this; yet, O how mean and degenerate! the traitor lives! Lives? he mixes with the senate; he shares in our counsels; with a steady eye he surveys us; he anticipates his guilt; he enjoys the murderous thought, and coolly marks us to bleed! Yet we, boldly passive in our country's cause, think we act like Romans, if we can escape his frantic rage!" The reader will perceive how finely Cicero rushes into this invective, as if the danger had been too immediate to give him leisure for the formality of address and introduction. See Guthrie's Orations of Cicero. Here is eloquence! Here is nature! And in thus speaking her language, the true orator pierces with his lightnings the deepest recesses of the heart. The success of this species of oratory is infallible in the pulpit, when the preacher understands how to manage it.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:41
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 38:3
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Dr
- Young
- Aelian
- Nile
- Catiline
- Catilina
- Romans
- Cicero
Exposition: Job 38:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry unto God, they wander for lack of meat.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
40
Generated editorial witnesses
1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Job 38:1-3
- Job 38:4-7
- Job 38:8-18
- Job 38:19-21
- Job 38:22-30
- Job 38:31-33
- Job 38:34-38
- Job 38:39-41
- Job 37:9
- Job 38:1
- Job 38:2
- Job 38:40
- Job 38:3
- Job 38:4
- Job 38:5
- Job 38:6
- Gen 1:1
- Job 38:7
- Job 38:8
- Gen 1:2
- Job 38:9
- Gen 1:9
- Job 38:10
- Job 38:11
- Job 38:13
- Job 38:12
- Job 38:14
- Job 38:15
- Job 38:16
- Job 38:17
- Job 38:18
- Job 38:19
- Job 38:20
- Job 38:21
- Job 37:6
- Job 38:22
- Job 38:23
- Job 38:24
- Job 38:25
- Job 36:29
- Job 28:28
- Job 38:26
- Job 38:27
- Job 36:27
- Job 38:28
- Job 37:10
- Job 38:29
- Job 38:30
- Job 9:9
- Job 38:31
- Job 38:32
- Job 38:33
- Job 38:34
- Job 38:35
- Job 38:36
- Job 38:37
- Job 38:38
- Job 38:39
- Job 4:11
- Job 38:41
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Ovid
- Snow
- Catiline
- Mr
- Good
- Deep
- Sea
- London
- Ray
- For
- March
- December
- Capricorn
- East
- Scripture
- Philo
- Job
- Yea
- Or
- Hail
- Egyptians
- Israel
- Jupiter
- The Thunderer
- Thus
- Dr
- Ice
- Norway
- Sweden
- Denmark
- Holland
- Germany
- Taurus
- October
- November
- January
- Orion
- Mazzaroth
- Parkhurst
- Arabia
- Newton
- Jupiter Brontes
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Almighty
- Arabic
- Hebrew Bibles
- Young
- Aelian
- Nile
- Catilina
- Romans
- Cicero
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Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Kings
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Kings
Rendered chapters 1–25 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–29 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezra
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nehemiah
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Esther
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Job
Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Psalms
Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Proverbs
Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ecclesiastes
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Song of Solomon
Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Isaiah
Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jeremiah
Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Lamentations
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezekiel
Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Daniel
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hosea
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joel
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Amos
Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Obadiah
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jonah
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Micah
Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nahum
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Habakkuk
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zephaniah
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Haggai
Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zechariah
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Malachi
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Matthew
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Mark
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Luke
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
John
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Acts
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Romans
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Galatians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ephesians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philippians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Colossians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
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What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
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Commentary Witness
Job 38:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 38:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness