Apologetics Bible
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Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Job_4
- Primary Witness Text: Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, If we assay to commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking? Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast strengthened the weak hands. Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast strengthened the feeble knees. But now it is come upon thee, and thou faintest; it toucheth thee, and thou art troubled. Is not this thy fear, thy confidence, thy hope, and the uprightness of thy ways? Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off? Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same. By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed. The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion, and the teeth of the young lions, are broken. The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion’s whelps are scattered abroad. Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and mine ear received a little thereof. In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake. Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up: It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image was before mine eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, saying, Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker? Behold, he put no trust in his servants; and his...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Job_4
- Chapter Blob Preview: Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, If we assay to commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking? Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast strengthened the weak hands. Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast strengthened the feeble knees. But now it is come upon thee, and thou faintest; it toucheth thee,...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
Job's friends represent the dominant ancient Near Eastern theodicy: suffering = sin. God's answer from the whirlwind (chs. 38-41) does not explain the suffering but confronts Job with the staggering scale and wisdom of the creation — demanding the creature's epistemological humility before the Creator. Job 19:25-27 ("I know that my Redeemer lives") stands as the OT's most personal resurrection confession.
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Verse-by-verse study lane
Job 4:1
Hebrew
וַיַּעַן אֱלִיפַז הַֽתֵּימָנִי וַיֹּאמַֽר׃vaya'an-'eliyfaz-hateymaniy-vayo'mar
KJV: Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said,
AKJV: Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said,
ASV: Then answered Eliphaz the Temanite, and said,
YLT: And Eliphaz the Temanite answereth and saith: --
Exposition: Job 4:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:2
Hebrew
הֲנִסָּה דָבָר אֵלֶיךָ תִּלְאֶה וַעְצֹר בְּמִלִּין מִי יוּכָֽל׃hanisah-davar-'eleykha-tile'eh-va'etzor-vemiliyn-miy-yvkhal
KJV: If we assay to commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking?
AKJV: If we assay to commune with you, will you be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking?
ASV: If one assay to commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved?
YLT: Hath one tried a word with thee? --Thou art weary! And to keep in words who is able?
Commentary WitnessJob 4:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:2
Verse 2 If we assay to commune with thee - As if he had said, Should I and my friends endeavor to reason with thee ever so mildly, because we shall have many things to say by way of reprehension, thou wilt be grieved and faint; and this we may reasonably infer from the manner in which thou bearest thy present afflictions. Yet as thou hast uttered words which are injurious to thy Maker, who can forbear speaking? It is our duty to rise up on the part of God, though thereby we shall grieve him who is our friend. This was a plausible beginning, and certainly was far from being insincere.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Maker
Exposition: Job 4:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If we assay to commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:3
Hebrew
הִנֵּה יִסַּרְתָּ רַבִּים וְיָדַיִם רָפוֹת תְּחַזֵּֽק׃hineh-yisareta-raviym-veyadayim-rafvot-techazeq
KJV: Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast strengthened the weak hands.
AKJV: Behold, you have instructed many, and you have strengthened the weak hands.
ASV: Behold, thou hast instructed many,
YLT: Lo, thou hast instructed many, And feeble hands thou makest strong.
Commentary WitnessJob 4:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:3
Verse 3 Thou hast instructed many - Thou hast seen many in affliction and distress, and thou hast given them such advice as was suitable to their state, and effectual to their relief; and by this means thou hast strengthened the weak hands, and the feeble knees - the desponding have been encouraged, and the irresolute confirmed and excited to prompt and proper actions, by thy counsel and example.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 4:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast strengthened the weak hands.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:4
Hebrew
כּוֹשֵׁל יְקִימוּן מִלֶּיךָ וּבִרְכַּיִם כֹּרְעוֹת תְּאַמֵּֽץ׃khvoshel-yeqiymvn-mileykha-vvirekhayim-khore'vot-te'ametz
KJV: Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast strengthened the feeble knees.
AKJV: Your words have upheld him that was falling, and you have strengthened the feeble knees.
ASV: Thy words have upholden him that was falling,
YLT: The stumbling one do thy words raise up, And bowing knees thou dost strengthen.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 4:4Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 4:4
Job 4:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast strengthened the feeble knees.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 4:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 4:4
Exposition: Job 4:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast strengthened the feeble knees.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:5
Hebrew
כִּי עַתָּה ׀ תָּבוֹא אֵלֶיךָ וַתֵּלֶא תִּגַּע עָדֶיךָ וַתִּבָּהֵֽל׃khiy-'atah- -tavvo'-'eleykha-vatele'-tiga'-'adeykha-vativahel
KJV: But now it is come upon thee, and thou faintest; it toucheth thee, and thou art troubled.
AKJV: But now it is come on you, and you faint; it touches you, and you are troubled.
ASV: But now it is come unto thee, and thou faintest;
YLT: But now, it cometh in unto thee, And thou art weary; It striketh unto thee, and thou art troubled.
Commentary WitnessJob 4:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:5
Verse 5 But now it is come upon thee - Now it is thy turn to suffer, and give an example of the efficacy of thy own principles; but instead of this, behold, thou faintest. Either, therefore, thou didst pretend to what thou hadst not; or thou art not making a proper use of the principles which thou didst recommend to others.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Either
Exposition: Job 4:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But now it is come upon thee, and thou faintest; it toucheth thee, and thou art troubled.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:6
Hebrew
הֲלֹא יִרְאָתְךָ כִּסְלָתֶךָ תִּקְוָתְךָ וְתֹם דְּרָכֶֽיךָ׃halo'-yire'atekha-khiselatekha-tiqevatekha-vetom-derakheykha
KJV: Is not this thy fear, thy confidence, thy hope, and the uprightness of thy ways?
AKJV: Is not this your fear, your confidence, your hope, and the uprightness of your ways?
ASV: Is not thy fear of God thy confidence,
YLT: Is not thy reverence thy confidence? Thy hope--the perfection of thy ways?
Commentary WitnessJob 4:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:6
Verse 6 Is not this thy fear - I think Coverdale hits the true meaning: Where is now thy feare of God, thy stedfastnesse, thy pacience, and the perfectnesse of thy life? If these be genuine, surely there is no cause for all this complaint, vexation, and despair. That this is the meaning, the next words show.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 4:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Is not this thy fear, thy confidence, thy hope, and the uprightness of thy ways?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:7
Hebrew
זְכָר־נָא מִי הוּא נָקִי אָבָד וְאֵיפֹה יְשָׁרִים נִכְחָֽדוּ׃zekhar-na'-miy-hv'-naqiy-'avad-ve'eyfoh-yeshariym-nikhechadv
KJV: Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off?
AKJV: Remember, I pray you, who ever perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off?
ASV: Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent?
YLT: Remember, I pray thee, Who, being innocent, hath perished? And where have the upright been cut off?
Commentary WitnessJob 4:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:7
Verse 7 Remember, I pray thee - Recollect, if thou canst, a single instance where God abandoned an innocent man, or suffered him to perish. Didst thou ever hear of a case in which God abandoned a righteous man to destruction? Wert thou a righteous man, and innocent of all hidden crimes, would God abandon thee thus to the malice of Satan? or let loose the plagues of affliction and adversity against thee?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Remember
- Recollect
Exposition: Job 4:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:8
Hebrew
כַּאֲשֶׁר רָאִיתִי חֹרְשֵׁי אָוֶן וְזֹרְעֵי עָמָל יִקְצְרֻֽהוּ׃kha'asher-ra'iytiy-choreshey-'aven-vezore'ey-'amal-yiqetzeruhv
KJV: Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same.
AKJV: Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same.
ASV: According as I have seen, they that plow iniquity,
YLT: As I have seen--ploughers of iniquity, And sowers of misery, reap it!
Commentary WitnessJob 4:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:8
Verse 8 They that plough iniquity - A proverbial form of speech drawn from nature. Whatever seed a man sows in the ground, he reaps the same kind; for every seed produces its like. Thus Solomon, Pro 22:8 : "He that soweth iniquity shall reap vanity." And St. Paul, Gal 6:7, Gal 6:8 : "Be not deceived, God is not mocked; for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. For he that soweth to his flesh, shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he who soweth to the Spirit, shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting." And of the same nature is that other saying of the apostle, He that soweth sparingly, shall reap sparingly, 2Cor 9:6. The same figure is employed by the Prophet Hosea Hos 8:7 : They have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind; and Hos 10:12, Hos 10:13 : Sow to yourselves in righteousness; reap in mercy. Ye have ploughed wickedness; ye have reaped iniquity. The last sentence contains, not only the same image, but almost the same words as those used by Eliphaz. Our Lord expresses the same thing, in the following words: Mat 7:16-18 : Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Every good tree bringeth forth good fruit, but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit. So the Greeks: - Ατης αρουρα θανατον εκκαρπιζεται. Aesch. Ἑπτα επι Θηβαις, ver. 607. "The field of iniquity produces the fruit of death." Ὑβρις γαρ εξανθους εκαρπωσε σταχυν Ατης, ὁθεν παγκλαυτον εξαμᾳ θερος. IB. Περσαι, ver. 823. "For oppression, when it springs, Puts forth the blade of vengeance; and its fruit Yields a ripe harvest of repentant wo." - Potter. The image is common every where because it is a universal law of nature.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Gal 6:7
- Gal 6:8
- 2Cor 9:6
- Hos 8:7
- Hos 10:12
- Hos 10:13
- Mat 7:16-18
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Thus Solomon
- And St
- Paul
- Eliphaz
- Greeks
- Aesch
- Potter
Exposition: Job 4:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:9
Hebrew
מִנִּשְׁמַת אֱלוֹהַ יֹאבֵדוּ וּמֵרוּחַ אַפּוֹ יִכְלֽוּ׃minishemat-'elvoha-yo'vedv-vmervcha-'afvo-yikhelv
KJV: By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed.
AKJV: By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed.
ASV: By the breath of God they perish,
YLT: From the breath of God they perish, And from the spirit of His anger consumed.
Commentary WitnessJob 4:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:9
Verse 9 By the blast of God they perish - As the noxious and parching east wind blasts and destroys vegetation, so the wicked perish under the indignation of the Almighty.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Almighty
Exposition: Job 4:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:10
Hebrew
שַׁאֲגַת אַרְיֵה וְקוֹל שָׁחַל וְשִׁנֵּי כְפִירִים נִתָּֽעוּ׃sha'agat-'areyeh-veqvol-shachal-veshiney-khefiyriym-nita'v
KJV: The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion, and the teeth of the young lions, are broken.
AKJV: The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion, and the teeth of the young lions, are broken.
ASV: The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion,
YLT: The roaring of a lion, And the voice of a fierce lion, And teeth of young lions have been broken.
Commentary WitnessJob 4:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:10
Verse 10 The roaring of the lion - By the roaring lion, fierce lion, old lion, stout lion, and lion's whelps, tyrannous rulers of all kinds are intended. The design of Eliphaz in using these figures is to show that even those who are possessed of the greatest authority and power - the kings, rulers, and princes of the earth - when they become wicked and oppressive to their subjects are cast down, broken to pieces, and destroyed, by the incensed justice of the Lord; and their whelps - their children and intended successors, scattered without possessions over the face of the earth.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Lord
Exposition: Job 4:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion, and the teeth of the young lions, are broken.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:11
Hebrew
לַיִשׁ אֹבֵד מִבְּלִי־טָרֶף וּבְנֵי לָבִיא יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ׃layish-'oved-miveliy-taref-vveney-laviy'-yitefaradv
KJV: The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion’s whelps are scattered abroad.
AKJV: The old lion perishes for lack of prey, and the stout lion’s whelps are scattered abroad.
ASV: The old lion perisheth for lack of prey,
YLT: An old lion is perishing without prey, And the whelps of the lioness do separate.
Commentary WitnessJob 4:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:11
Verse 11 The old lion perisheth - In this and the preceding verse the word lion occurs five times; and in the original the words are all different: - 1. אריה aryeh, from ארה arah, to tear off. 2. שחל shachal, which as it appears to signify black or dark, may mean the black lion, which is said to be found in Ethiopia and India. 3. כפיר kephir, a young lion, from כפר caphar, to cover, because he is said to hide himself in order to surprise his prey, which the old one does not. 4. ליש lavish, from לש lash, to knead, trample upon; because of his method of seizing his prey. 5. לביא labi, from לבא laba, to suckle with the first milk; a lioness giving suck; at which time they are peculiarly fierce. All these words may point out some quality of the lion; and this was probably the cause why they were originally given: but it is likely that, in process of time, they served only to designate the beast, without any particular reference to any of his properties. We have one and the same idea when we say the lion, the king of beasts, the monarch of the forest, the most noble of quadrupeds, etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- India
Exposition: Job 4:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion’s whelps are scattered abroad.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:12
Hebrew
וְאֵלַי דָּבָר יְגֻנָּב וַתִּקַּח אָזְנִי שֵׁמֶץ מֽ͏ֶנְהֽוּ׃ve'elay-davar-yegunav-vatiqach-'azeniy-shemetz-menehv
KJV: Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and mine ear received a little thereof.
AKJV: Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and my ear received a little thereof.
ASV: Now a thing was secretly brought to me,
YLT: And unto me a thing is secretly brought, And receive doth mine ear a little of it.
Commentary WitnessJob 4:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:12
Verse 12 Now a thing was secretly brought to me - To give himself the more authority, he professes to have received a vision from God, by which he was taught the secret of the Divine dispensations in providence; and a confirmation of the doctrine which he was now stating to Job; and which he applied in a different way to what was designed in the Divine communication. Mine ear received a little thereof - Mr. Good translates, "And mine ear received a whisper along with it." The apparition was the general subject; and the words related Job 4:17, etc., were the whispers which he heard when the apparition stood still.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 4:17
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Job
- Mr
Exposition: Job 4:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and mine ear received a little thereof.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:13
Hebrew
בִּשְׂעִפִּים מֵחֶזְיֹנוֹת לָיְלָה בִּנְפֹל תַּרְדֵּמָה עַל־אֲנָשִֽׁים׃vishe'ifiym-mechezeyonvot-layelah-vinefol-taredemah-'al-'anashiym
KJV: In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men,
AKJV: In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falls on men,
ASV: In thoughts from the visions of the night,
YLT: In thoughts from visions of the night, In the falling of deep sleep on men,
Commentary WitnessJob 4:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:13
Verse 13 From the visions of the night - "It is in vain," says Mr. Good, "to search through ancient or modern poetry for a description that has any pretensions to rival that upon which we are now entering. Midnight-solitude - the deep sleep of all around - the dreadful chill and horripilation or erection of the hair over the whole body - the shivering, not of the muscles only, but of the bones themselves - the gliding approach of the spectre - the abruptness of his pause - his undefined and indescribable form - are all powerful and original characters, which have never been given with equal effect by any other writer." Mr. Hervey's illustration is also striking and natural. "'Twas in the dead of night; all nature lay shrouded in darkness; every creature was buried in sleep. The most profound silence reigned through the universe. In these solemn moments Eliphaz, alone, all wakeful and solitary, was musing on sublime subjects. When, lo! an awful being burst into his apartment. A spirit passed before his face. Astonishment seized the beholder. His bones shivered within him; his flesh trembled all over him; and the hair of his head stood erect with horror. Sudden and unexpected was its appearance; not such its departure. It stood still, to present itself more fully to his view. It made a solemn pause, to prepare his mind for some momentous message. After which a voice was heard. A voice, for the importance of its meaning, worthy to be had in everlasting remembrance. It spoke, and these were its words:"
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
- Good
- Eliphaz
- When
Exposition: Job 4:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:14
Hebrew
פַּחַד קְרָאַנִי וּרְעָדָה וְרֹב עַצְמוֹתַי הִפְחִֽיד׃fachad-qera'aniy-vre'adah-verov-'atzemvotay-hifechiyd
KJV: Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake.
AKJV: Fear came on me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake.
ASV: Fear came upon me, and trembling,
YLT: Fear hath met me, and trembling, And the multitude of my bones caused to fear.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 4:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 4:14
Job 4:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 4:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 4:14
Exposition: Job 4:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:15
Hebrew
וְרוּחַ עַל־פָּנַי יַחֲלֹף תְּסַמֵּר שַֽׂעֲרַת בְּשָׂרִֽי׃vervcha-'al-fanay-yachalof-tesamer-sha'arat-veshariy
KJV: Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up:
AKJV: Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up:
ASV: Then a spirit passed before my face;
YLT: And a spirit before my face doth pass, Stand up doth the hair of my flesh;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 4:15Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 4:15
Job 4:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 4:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 4:15
Exposition: Job 4:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:16
Hebrew
יַעֲמֹד ׀ וְֽלֹא־אַכִּיר מַרְאֵהוּ תְּמוּנָה לְנֶגֶד עֵינָי דְּמָמָה וָקוֹל אֶשְׁמָֽע׃ya'amod- -velo'-'akhiyr-mare'ehv-temvnah-leneged-'eynay-demamah-vaqvol-'eshema'
KJV: It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image was before mine eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, saying,
AKJV: It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image was before my eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, saying,
ASV: It stood still, but I could not discern the appearance thereof;
YLT: It standeth, and I discern not its aspect, A similitude is over-against mine eyes, Silence! and a voice I hear:
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 4:16Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 4:16
Job 4:16 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image was before mine eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, saying,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 4:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 4:16
Exposition: Job 4:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image was before mine eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:17
Hebrew
הַֽאֱנוֹשׁ מֵאֱלוֹהַ יִצְדָּק אִם מֵעֹשֵׂהוּ יִטְהַר־גָּֽבֶר׃ha'envosh-me'elvoha-yitzedaq-'im-me'oshehv-yitehar-gaver
KJV: Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker?
AKJV: Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker?
ASV: Shall mortal man be more just than God?
YLT: `Is mortal man than God more righteous? Than his Maker is a man cleaner?
Commentary WitnessJob 4:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:17
Verse 17 Shall mortal man - אנוש enosh; Greek βροτος poor, weak, dying man. Be more just than God? - Or, האנוש מאלוה יצדק haenosh meeloah yitsdak; shall poor, weak, sinful man be justified before God? Shall a man - גבר gaber, shall even the strong and mighty man, be pure before his Maker? Is any man, considered merely in and of himself, either holy in his conduct, or pure in his heart? No. He must be justified by the mercy of God, through an atoning sacrifice; he must be sanctified by the Holy Spirit of God, and thus made a partaker of the Divine nature. Then he is justified before God, and pure in the sight of his Maker: and this is a work which God himself alone can do; so the work is not man's work, but God's. It is false to infer, from the words of this spectre, (whether it came from heaven or hell, we know not, for its communication shows and rankles a wound, without providing a cure), that no man can be justified, and that no man can be purified, when God both justifies the ungodly, and sanctifies the unholy. The meaning can be no more than this: no man can make an atonement for his own sins, nor purify his own heart. Hence all boasting is for ever excluded. Of this Eliphaz believed Job to be guilty, as he appeared to talk of his righteousness and purity, as if they had been his own acquisition.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Or
- No
- Maker
Exposition: Job 4:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:18
Hebrew
הֵן בַּעֲבָדָיו לֹא יַאֲמִין וּבְמַלְאָכָיו יָשִׂים תָּהֳלָֽה׃hen-va'avadayv-lo'-ya'amiyn-vvemale'akhayv-yashiym-taholah
KJV: Behold, he put no trust in his servants; and his angels he charged with folly:
AKJV: Behold, he put no trust in his servants; and his angels he charged with folly:
ASV: Behold, he putteth no trust in his servants;
YLT: Lo, in His servants He putteth no credence, Nor in His messengers setteth praise.'
Commentary WitnessJob 4:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:18
Verse 18 Behold, he put no trust in his servants - This verse is generally understood to refer to the fall of angels; for there were some of those heavenly beings who kept not their first estate: they did not persevere to the end of their probation, and therefore fell into condemnation, and are reserved in chains of darkness unto the judgment of the great day; Jde 1:6. It is said he put no trust in them - he knew that nothing could be absolutely immutable but himself; and that no intelligent beings could subsist in a state of purity, unless continually dependent on himself, and deriving constant supplies of grace, power, and light, from him who gave them their being. And his angels he charged with folly - Not chargeth, as many quote the passage. He charged those with folly who kept not their first estate. It does not appear that he is charging the others in the same way, who continue steadfast. The several translations of this verse, both ancient and modern, are different from each other. Here are the chief: - In angelis suis reperit pravitatem, "In his angels he found perverseness," Vulgate. The Septuagint is nearly the same. II met la lumiere dans ses anges, "He puts light into his angels," French Bible. Even those pure intelligences have continual need of being irradiated by the Almighty; wa-bemalakui neshim temcho, "And he hath put amazement in his angels," Syriac. The Arabic is the same. In angelis suis ponet gloriationem, "In his angels he will put exultation," Montanus. The Hebrew is תהלה toholah, irradiation, from הלה halah, to irradiate, glister, or shine. In this place we may consider angels (מלאכים malachim) as heavenly or earthly messengers or angels of the Lord; and the glory, influence, and honor of their office as being put in them by the Most High. They are as planets which shine with a borrowed light. They have nothing but what they have received. Coverdale translates the whole verse thus: Beholde he hath founde unfaythfulnesse amonge his owne servaunts and proude disobedience amonge his angels. The sense is among all these interpreters; and if the fallen angels are meant, the passage is plain enough.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Behold
- French Bible
- Almighty
- Syriac
- Montanus
- Lord
- Most High
Exposition: Job 4:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold, he put no trust in his servants; and his angels he charged with folly:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:19
Hebrew
אַף ׀ שֹׁכְנֵי בָֽתֵּי־חֹמֶר אֲשֶׁר־בֶּעָפָר יְסוֹדָם יְדַכְּאוּם לִפְנֵי־עָֽשׁ׃'af- -shokheney-vatey-chomer-'asher-ve'afar-yesvodam-yedakhe'vm-lifeney-'ash
KJV: How much less in them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, which are crushed before the moth?
AKJV: How much less in them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, which are crushed before the moth?
ASV: How much more them that dwell in houses of clay,
YLT: Also--the inhabitants of houses of clay, (Whose foundation is in the dust, They bruise them before a moth.)
Commentary WitnessJob 4:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:19
Verse 19 How much less - Rather, with the Vulgate, How much more? If angels may be unstable, how can man arrogate stability to himself who dwells in an earthly tabernacle, and who must shortly return to dust? Crushed before the moth? The slightest accident oftentimes destroys. "A fly, a grape-stone, or a hair can kill." Great men have fallen by all these. This is the general idea in the text, and it is useless to sift for meanings.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- Rather
Exposition: Job 4:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'How much less in them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, which are crushed before the moth?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:20
Hebrew
מִבֹּקֶר לָעֶרֶב יֻכַּתּוּ מִבְּלִי מֵשִׂים לָנֶצַח יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃mivoqer-la'erev-yukhatv-miveliy-meshiym-lanetzach-yo'vedv
KJV: They are destroyed from morning to evening: they perish for ever without any regarding it.
AKJV: They are destroyed from morning to evening: they perish for ever without any regarding it.
ASV: Betwixt morning and evening they are destroyed:
YLT: From morning to evening are beaten down, Without any regarding, for ever they perish.
Commentary WitnessJob 4:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:20
Verse 20 They are destroyed from morning to evening - In almost every moment of time some human being comes into the world, and some one departs from it. Thus are they "destroyed from morning to evening." They perish for ever - יאבדו yobedu; peribunt, they pass by; they go out of sight; they moulder with the dust, and are soon forgotten. Who regards the past generation now among the dead? Isaiah has a similar thought, Isa 57:1 : "The righteous perisheth, and No Man Layeth It to Heart: and merciful men are taken away, none considering that the righteous is taken away from the evil to come." Some think that Isaiah borrowed from Job; this will appear possible when it has been proved, which has never yet been done, that the writer of this book flourished before Isaiah. If, however, he borrowed the above thought, it must be allowed that it has been wondrously improved by coming through his hands.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Isa 57:1
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Heart
- Job
- Isaiah
- If
Exposition: Job 4:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They are destroyed from morning to evening: they perish for ever without any regarding it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 4:21
Hebrew
הֲלֹא־נִסַּע יִתְרָם בָּם יָמוּתוּ וְלֹא בְחָכְמָֽה׃halo'-nisa'-yiteram-vam-yamvtv-velo'-vechakhemah
KJV: Doth not their excellency which is in them go away? they die, even without wisdom.
AKJV: Does not their excellency which is in them go away? they die, even without wisdom.
ASV: Is not their tent-cord plucked up within them?
YLT: Hath not their excellency been removed with them? They die, and not in wisdom!
Commentary WitnessJob 4:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 4:21
Verse 21 Doth not their excellency - go away! - Personal beauty, corporeal strength, powerful eloquence, and various mental endowments, pass away, or are plucked up by the roots; they are no more seen or heard among men, and their memory soon perisheth. They die, even without wisdom - If wisdom means the pursuit of the best end, by the most legitimate and appropriate means, the great mass of mankind appear to perish without it. But, if we consider the subject more closely, we shall find that all men die in a state of comparative ignorance. With all our boasted science and arts, how little do we know! Do we know any thing to perfection that belongs either to the material or spiritual world? Do we understand even what matter is? What is its essence? Do we understand what spirit is? Then, what is its essence? Almost all the phenomena of nature, its grandest operations, and the laws of the heavenly bodies, have been explained on the principle of gravitation or attraction; but in what does this consist? Who can answer? We can traverse every part of the huge and trackless ocean by means of the compass; but who understands the nature of magnetism on which all this depends? We eat and drink in order to maintain life; but what is nutrition, and how is it effected? This has never been explained. Life depends on respiration for its continuance; but by what kind of action is it, that in a moment the lungs separate the oxygen, which is friendly to life, from the nitrogen, which would destroy it; suddenly absorbing the one, and expelling the other? Who, among the generation of hypothesis-framers, has guessed this out? Life is continued by the circulation of the blood; but by what power and law does it circulate? Have the systole and diastole of the heart, on which this circulation depends, ever been satisfactorily explained? Most certainly not. Alas, we die without wisdom; and must die, to know these, and ten thousand other matters equally unknown, and equally important. To be safe, in reference to eternity, we must know the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom he has sent; whom to know is life eternal. This knowledge, obtained and retained, will entitle us to all the rest in the eternal world.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesus
- But
- Then
- Who
- Alas
Exposition: Job 4:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Doth not their excellency which is in them go away? they die, even without wisdom.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
17
Generated editorial witnesses
4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Job 4:1-6
- Job 4:7-11
- Job 4:12-16
- Job 4:17-21
- Job 4:1
- Job 4:2
- Job 4:3
- Job 4:4
- Job 4:5
- Job 4:6
- Job 4:7
- Gal 6:7
- Gal 6:8
- 2Cor 9:6
- Hos 8:7
- Hos 10:12
- Hos 10:13
- Mat 7:16-18
- Job 4:8
- Job 4:9
- Job 4:10
- Job 4:11
- Job 4:17
- Job 4:12
- Job 4:13
- Job 4:14
- Job 4:15
- Job 4:16
- Job 4:18
- Job 4:19
- Isa 57:1
- Job 4:20
- Job 4:21
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Maker
- Either
- Ray
- Remember
- Recollect
- Thus Solomon
- And St
- Paul
- Eliphaz
- Greeks
- Aesch
- Potter
- Almighty
- Lord
- India
- Ovid
- Job
- Mr
- Good
- When
- Or
- No
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Behold
- French Bible
- Syriac
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Book directory Open the 66-book reader directory Use this when you need a specific book. The passage reader above stays first.
Choose a book and open the reader.
Each card opens chapter 1 for that canonical book. The directory is here for navigation, not as the first thing a visitor has to read.
Examples: Genesis, Psalms, Gospels, prophets, Romans, Revelation.
Genesis
Rendered chapters 1–50 are mapped to the public reader path for Genesis. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Exodus
Rendered chapters 1–40 are mapped to the public reader path for Exodus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Leviticus
Rendered chapters 1–27 are mapped to the public reader path for Leviticus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Numbers
Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for Numbers. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Deuteronomy
Rendered chapters 1–34 are mapped to the public reader path for Deuteronomy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joshua
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Joshua. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Judges
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for Judges. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ruth
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Ruth. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Samuel
Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Samuel
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Kings
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Kings
Rendered chapters 1–25 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–29 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezra
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nehemiah
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Esther
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Job
Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Psalms
Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Proverbs
Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ecclesiastes
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Song of Solomon
Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Isaiah
Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jeremiah
Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Lamentations
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezekiel
Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Daniel
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hosea
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joel
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Amos
Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Obadiah
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jonah
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Micah
Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nahum
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Habakkuk
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zephaniah
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Haggai
Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zechariah
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Malachi
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Matthew
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Mark
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Luke
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
John
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Acts
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Romans
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Galatians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ephesians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philippians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Colossians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
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What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
Return to Apologetics Bible Use Bible Insights Use Bible Data
Commentary Witness
Job 4:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 4:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness