Apologetics Bible
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Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Job_41
- Primary Witness Text: Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down? Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn? Will he make many supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee? Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him for a servant for ever? Wilt thou play with him as with a bird? or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens? Shall the companions make a banquet of him? shall they part him among the merchants? Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears? Lay thine hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more. Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? None is so fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me? Who hath prevented me, that I should repay him? whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine. I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely proportion. Who can discover the face of his garment? or who can come to him with his double bridle? Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about. His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal. One is so near to another, that no air can come between them. They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered. By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning. Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. Out of his nostrils go...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Job_41
- Chapter Blob Preview: Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down? Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn? Will he make many supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee? Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him for a servant for ever? Wilt thou play with him as with a bird? or wilt thou...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Job is the most penetrating treatment of suffering, divine justice, and epistemological humility in the Hebrew Bible. Its probable date is pre-Mosaic (patriarchal setting), making it one of the oldest compositions in Scripture.
Job's friends represent the dominant ancient Near Eastern theodicy: suffering = sin. God's answer from the whirlwind (chs. 38-41) does not explain the suffering but confronts Job with the staggering scale and wisdom of the creation — demanding the creature's epistemological humility before the Creator. Job 19:25-27 ("I know that my Redeemer lives") stands as the OT's most personal resurrection confession.
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Verse-by-verse study lane
Job 41:1
Hebrew
הֵן־תֹּחַלְתּוֹ נִכְזָבָה הֲגַם אֶל־מַרְאָיו יֻטָֽל׃hen-tochaletvo-nikhezavah-hagam-'el-mare'ayv-yutal
KJV: Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down?
AKJV: Can you draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which you let down?
ASV: Canst thou draw out leviathan with a fishhook?
YLT: Dost thou draw leviathan with an angle? And with a rope thou lettest down--his tongue?
Exposition: Job 41:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:2
Hebrew
לֹֽא־אַכְזָר כִּי יְעוּרֶנּוּ וּמִי הוּא לְפָנַי יִתְיַצָּֽב׃lo'-'akhezar-khiy-ye'vrenv-vmiy-hv'-lefanay-yiteyatzav
KJV: Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn?
AKJV: Can you put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn?
ASV: Canst thou put a rope into his nose?
YLT: Dost thou put a reed in his nose? And with a thorn pierce his jaw?
Commentary WitnessJob 41:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:2
Verse 2 Canst thou put a hook onto his nose? - Canst thou put a ring in his nose, and lead him about as thou dost thine ox? In the East they frequently lead thy oxen and buffaloes with a ring in their noses. So they do bulls and oxen in this country. Bore his jaw through with a thorn? - Some have thought that this means, Canst thou deal with him as with one of those little fish which thou stringest on a rush by means of the thorn at its end? Or perhaps it may refer to those ornaments with which they sometimes adorned their horses, mules, camels, etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:3
Hebrew
מִי הִקְדִּימַנִי וַאֲשַׁלֵּם תַּחַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַיִם לִי־הֽוּא׃miy-hiqediymaniy-va'ashalem-tachat-khal-hashamayim-liy-hv'
KJV: Will he make many supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee?
AKJV: Will he make many supplications to you? will he speak soft words to you?
ASV: Will he make many supplications unto thee?
YLT: Doth he multiply unto thee supplications? Doth he speak unto thee tender things?
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:3Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:3
Job 41:3 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Will he make many supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee?'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:3
Exposition: Job 41:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Will he make many supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:4
Hebrew
לא־לֽוֹ־אַחֲרִישׁ בַּדָּיו וּדְבַר־גְּבוּרוֹת וְחִין עֶרְכּֽוֹ׃l'-lvo-'achariysh-vadayv-vdevar-gevvrvot-vechiyn-'erekhvo
KJV: Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him for a servant for ever?
AKJV: Will he make a covenant with you? will you take him for a servant for ever?
ASV: Will he make a covenant with thee,
YLT: Doth he make a covenant with thee? Dost thou take him for a servant age-during?
Commentary WitnessJob 41:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:4
Verse 4 Will he make a covenant - Canst thou hire him as thou wouldst a servant, who is to be so attached to thy family as to have his ear bored, that he may abide in thy house for ever? Is not this an allusion to the law, Exo 21:1-6?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him for a servant for ever?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:5
Hebrew
מִֽי־גִלָּה פְּנֵי לְבוּשׁוֹ בְּכֶפֶל רִסְנוֹ מִי יָבֽוֹא׃miy-gilah-feney-levvshvo-vekhefel-risenvo-miy-yavvo'
KJV: Wilt thou play with him as with a bird? or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens?
AKJV: Will you play with him as with a bird? or will you bind him for your maidens?
ASV: Wilt thou play with him as with a bird?
YLT: Dost thou play with him as a bird? And dost thou bind him for thy damsels?
Commentary WitnessJob 41:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:5
Verse 5 Wilt thou play with him - Is he such a creature as thou canst tame; and of which thou canst make a pet, and give as a plaything to thy little girls? נערותיך naarotheycha; probably alluding to the custom of catching birds, tying a string to their legs, and giving them to children to play with; a custom execrable as ancient, and disgraceful as modern.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wilt thou play with him as with a bird? or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:6
Hebrew
דַּלְתֵי פָנָיו מִי פִתֵּחַ סְבִיבוֹת שִׁנָּיו אֵימָֽה׃daletey-fanayv-miy-fitecha-seviyvvot-shinayv-'eymah
KJV: Shall the companions make a banquet of him? shall they part him among the merchants?
AKJV: Shall the companions make a banquet of him? shall they part him among the merchants?
ASV: Will the bands of fishermen make traffic of him?
YLT: (Feast upon him do companions, They divide him among the merchants!)
Commentary WitnessJob 41:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:6
Verse 6 Shall thy companions make a banquet - Canst thou and thy friends feast on him as ye were wont to do on a camel sacrificed for this purpose? Or, canst thou dispose of his flesh to the merchants - to buyers, as thou wouldst do that of a camel or an ox? It is certain, according to Herodotus, lib. ii. c. 70, that they killed and ate crocodiles at Apollonople and Elephantis, in Egypt.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Or
- Herodotus
- Elephantis
- Egypt
Exposition: Job 41:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Shall the companions make a banquet of him? shall they part him among the merchants?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:7
Hebrew
גַּאֲוָה אֲפִיקֵי מָֽגִנִּים סָגוּר חוֹתָם צָֽר׃ga'avah-'afiyqey-maginiym-sagvr-chvotam-tzar
KJV: Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears?
AKJV: Can you fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears?
ASV: Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons,
YLT: Dost thou fill with barbed irons his skin? And with fish-spears his head?
Commentary WitnessJob 41:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:7
Verse 7 Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? - This refers to some kind of harpoon work, similar to that employed in taking whales, and which they might use for some other kinds of animals; for the skin of the crocodile could not be pierced. Herrera says that he saw a crocodile defend itself against thirty men; and that they fired six balls at it without being able to wound it. It can only be wounded under his belly.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:8
Hebrew
אֶחָד בְּאֶחָד יִגַּשׁוּ וְרוּחַ לֹא־יָבוֹא בֵֽינֵיהֶֽם׃'echad-ve'echad-yigashv-vervcha-lo'-yavvo'-veyneyhem
KJV: Lay thine hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more.
AKJV: Lay your hand on him, remember the battle, do no more.
ASV: Lay thy hand upon him;
YLT: Place on him thy hand, Remember the battle--do not add!
Commentary WitnessJob 41:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:8
Verse 8 Lay thine hand upon him? - Mr. Heath translates, "Be sure thou strike home. Mind thy blow: rely not upon a second stroke." Mr. Good translates: - "Make ready thy hand against him. Dare the contest: be firm." He is a dangerous animal; when thou attackest him, be sure of thy advantage; if thou miss, thou art ruined. Depend not on other advantages, if thou miss the first. Kill him at once, or he will kill thee.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
Exposition: Job 41:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Lay thine hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:9
Hebrew
אִישׁ־בְּאָחִיהוּ יְדֻבָּקוּ יִתְלַכְּדוּ וְלֹא יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ׃'iysh-ve'achiyhv-yeduvaqv-yitelakhedv-velo'-yitefaradv
KJV: Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?
AKJV: Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?
ASV: Behold, the hope of him is in vain:
YLT: Lo, the hope of him is found a liar, Also at his appearance is not one cast down?
Commentary WitnessJob 41:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:9
Verse 9 Behold, the hope - If thou miss thy first advantage, there is no hope afterwards: the very sight of this terrible monster would dissipate thy spirit, if thou hadst not a positive advantage against his life, or a place of sure retreat to save thine own.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Behold
Exposition: Job 41:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:10
Hebrew
עֲֽטִישֹׁתָיו תָּהֶל אוֹר וְעֵינָיו כְּעַפְעַפֵּי־שָֽׁחַר׃'atiyshotayv-tahel-'vor-ve'eynayv-khe'afe'afey-shachar
KJV: None is so fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me?
AKJV: None is so fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me?
ASV: None is so fierce that he dare stir him up;
YLT: None so fierce that he doth awake him, And who is he before Me stationeth himself?
Commentary WitnessJob 41:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:10
Verse 10 None is so fierce that dare stir him up - The most courageous of men dare not provoke the crocodile to fight, or even attempt to rouse him, when, sated with fish, he takes his repose among the reeds. The strongest of men cannot match him. Who then is able - If thou canst not stand against the crocodile, one of the creatures of my hand, how canst thou resist me, who am his Maker? This is the use which God makes of the formidable description which he has thus far given of this terrible animal.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'None is so fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:11
Hebrew
מִפִּיו לַפִּידִים יַהֲלֹכוּ כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ יִתְמַלָּֽטוּ׃mifiyv-lafiydiym-yahalokhv-khiydvodey-'esh-yitemalatv
KJV: Who hath prevented me, that I should repay him? whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine.
AKJV: Who has prevented me, that I should repay him? whatever is under the whole heaven is mine.
ASV: Who hath first given unto me, that I should repay him?
YLT: Who hath brought before Me and I repay? Under the whole heavens it is mine.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:11
Verse 11 Who hath prevented me - Who is it that hath laid me under obligation to him? Do I need my creatures? All under the heavens is my property.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who hath prevented me, that I should repay him? whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:12
Hebrew
מִנְּחִירָיו יֵצֵא עָשָׁן כְּדוּד נָפוּחַ וְאַגְמֹֽן׃minechiyrayv-yetze'-'ashan-khedvd-nafvcha-ve'agemon
KJV: I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely proportion.
AKJV: I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely proportion.
ASV: I will not keep silence concerning his limbs,
YLT: I do not keep silent concerning his parts, And the matter of might, And the grace of his arrangement.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:12
Verse 12 I will not conceal his parts - This is most certainly no just translation of the original. The Vulgate is to this effect: I will not spare him: nor yield to his powerful words, framed for the purpose of entreaty. Mr. Good applies it to leviathan: - "I cannot be confounded at his limbs and violence; The strength and structure of his frame." The Creator cannot be intimidated at the most formidable of his own works: man may and should tremble; God cannot.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- Mr
Exposition: Job 41:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely proportion.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:13
Hebrew
נַפְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִים תְּלַהֵט וְלַהַב מִפִּיו יֵצֵֽא׃nafeshvo-gechaliym-telahet-velahav-mifiyv-yetze'
KJV: Who can discover the face of his garment? or who can come to him with his double bridle?
AKJV: Who can discover the face of his garment? or who can come to him with his double bridle?
ASV: Who can strip off his outer garment?
YLT: Who hath uncovered the face of his clothing? Within his double bridle who doth enter?
Commentary WitnessJob 41:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:13
Verse 13 Who can discover the face of his garment? - Who can rip up the hide of this terrible monster? Who can take away his covering, in order to pierce his vitals?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who can discover the face of his garment? or who can come to him with his double bridle?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:14
Hebrew
בְּֽצַוָּארוֹ יָלִין עֹז וּלְפָנָיו תָּדוּץ דְּאָבָֽה׃vetzava'rvo-yaliyn-'oz-vlefanayv-tadvtz-de'avah
KJV: Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about.
AKJV: Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about.
ASV: Who can open the doors of his face?
YLT: The doors of his face who hath opened? Round about his teeth are terrible.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:14
Job 41:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:14
Exposition: Job 41:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:15
Hebrew
מַפְּלֵי בְשָׂרוֹ דָבֵקוּ יָצוּק עָלָיו בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט׃mafeley-vesharvo-daveqv-yatzvq-'alayv-val-yimvot
KJV: His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.
AKJV: His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.
ASV: Hisstrong scales are his pride,
YLT: A pride--strong ones of shields, Shut up--a close seal.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:15Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:15
Job 41:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:15
Exposition: Job 41:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:16
Hebrew
לִבּוֹ יָצוּק כְּמוֹ־אָבֶן וְיָצוּק כְּפֶלַח תַּחְתִּֽית׃livvo-yatzvq-khemvo-'aven-veyatzvq-khefelach-tachetiyt
KJV: One is so near to another, that no air can come between them.
AKJV: One is so near to another, that no air can come between them.
ASV: One is so near to another,
YLT: One unto another they draw nigh, And air doth not enter between them.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:16
Verse 16 One is so near to another - It has already been stated, that a musket-ball fired at him in any direction cannot make a passage through his scales.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'One is so near to another, that no air can come between them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:17
Hebrew
מִשֵּׂתוֹ יָגוּרוּ אֵלִים מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּֽאוּ׃mishetvo-yagvrv-'eliym-mishevariym-yitechata'v
KJV: They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered.
AKJV: They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered.
ASV: They are joined one to another;
YLT: One unto another they adhere, They stick together and are not separated.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:17Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:17
Job 41:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:17
Exposition: Job 41:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:18
Hebrew
מַשִּׂיגֵהוּ חֶרֶב בְּלִי תָקוּם חֲנִית מַסָּע וְשִׁרְיָֽה׃mashiygehv-cherev-veliy-taqvm-chaniyt-masa'-veshireyah
KJV: By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.
AKJV: By his neesings a light does shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.
ASV: His sneezings flash forth light,
YLT: His sneezings cause light to shine, And his eyes are as the eyelids of the dawn.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:18
Verse 18 By his neesings a light doth shine - It is very likely that this may be taken literally. When he spurts up the water out of his nostrils, the drops form a sort of iris or rainbow. We have seen this effect produced when, in certain situations and state of the atmosphere, water was thrown up forcibly, so as to be broken into small drops, which has occasioned an appearance like the rainbow. The eyelids of the morning - It is said that, under the water, the eyes of the crocodile are exceedingly dull; but when he lifts his head above water they sparkle with the greatest vivacity. Hence the Egyptians, in their hieroglyphics, made the eyes of the crocodile the emblem of the morning. Ανατολην λεγοντες δυο οφθαλμους κροκοδειλου ζωογραφουσι. - Horapp. Egypt. Ieroglyph., lib. i., c. 65. This is a most remarkable circumstance, casts light on ancient history, and shows the rigid correctness of the picture drawn above. The same figure is employed by the Greek poets. Χρυσεας ἡμερας βλεφαρον. "The eyelid of the golden day." Soph. Antig. ver. 103. Νυκτος αφεγγες βλεφαρον. "The darksome eyelid of the night." Eurip. Phaeniss. ver. 553.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Egyptians
- Horapp
- Egypt
- Ieroglyph
- Soph
- Antig
- Eurip
- Phaeniss
Exposition: Job 41:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:19
Hebrew
יַחְשֹׁב לְתֶבֶן בַּרְזֶל לְעֵץ רִקָּבוֹן נְחוּשָֽׁה׃yacheshov-leteven-varezel-le'etz-riqavvon-nechvshah
KJV: Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out.
AKJV: Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out.
ASV: Out of his mouth go burning torches,
YLT: Out of his mouth do flames go, sparks of fire escape.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:19
Verse 19 Out of his mouth go burning lamps - Dr. Young, in his paraphrase, has a sensible note on this passage: - "This is nearer the truth than at first view may be imagined. The crocodile, according to naturalists, lying long under water, and being there forced to hold its breath, when it emerges, the breath long repressed is hot, and bursts out so violently, that it resembles fire and smoke. The horse does not repress his breath by any means so long, neither is he so fierce and animated; yet the most correct of poets ventures to use the same metaphor concerning him, volvit sub naribus ignem. By this I would caution against a false opinion of the boldness of Eastern metaphors, from passages ill understood."
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Dr
- Young
Exposition: Job 41:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:20
Hebrew
לֹֽא־יַבְרִיחֶנּוּ בֶן־קָשֶׁת לְקַשׁ נֶהְפְּכוּ־לוֹ אַבְנֵי־קָֽלַע׃lo'-yaveriychenv-ven-qashet-leqash-nehefekhv-lvo-'aveney-qala'
KJV: Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron.
AKJV: Out of his nostrils goes smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron.
ASV: Out of his nostrils a smoke goeth,
YLT: Out of his nostrils goeth forth smoke, As a blown pot and reeds.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:20Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:20
Job 41:20 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:20
Exposition: Job 41:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:21
Hebrew
כְּקַשׁ נֶחְשְׁבוּ תוֹתָח וְיִשְׂחַק לְרַעַשׁ כִּידֽוֹן׃kheqash-necheshevv-tvotach-veyishechaq-lera'ash-khiydvon
KJV: His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth.
AKJV: His breath kindles coals, and a flame goes out of his mouth.
ASV: His breath kindleth coals,
YLT: His breath setteth coals on fire, And a flame from his mouth goeth forth.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:21Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:21
Job 41:21 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:21
Exposition: Job 41:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:22
Hebrew
תַּחְתָּיו חַדּוּדֵי חָרֶשׂ יִרְפַּד חָרוּץ עֲלֵי־טִֽיט׃tachetayv-chadvdey-charesh-yirefad-charvtz-'aley-tiyt
KJV: In his neck remaineth strength, and sorrow is turned into joy before him.
AKJV: In his neck remains strength, and sorrow is turned into joy before him.
ASV: In his neck abideth strength,
YLT: In his neck lodge doth strength, And before him doth grief exult.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:22
Verse 22 In his neck remaineth strength - Literally, "strength has its dwelling in his neck." The neck is the seat of strength of most animals; but the head and shoulders must be here meant, as the crocodile has no neck, being shaped nearly like a lizard. And sorrow is turned into joy before him - ולפניו תדוץ דאבה ulephanaiv taduts deabah; "And destruction exulteth before him." This is as fine an image as can well be conceived. It is in the true spirit of poetry, the legitimate offspring of the genie createur. Our translation is simply insignificant.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Literally
Exposition: Job 41:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'In his neck remaineth strength, and sorrow is turned into joy before him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:23
Hebrew
יַרְתִּיחַ כַּסִּיר מְצוּלָה יָם יָשִׂים כַּמֶּרְקָחָֽה׃yaretiycha-khasiyr-metzvlah-yam-yashiym-khamereqachah
KJV: The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are firm in themselves; they cannot be moved.
AKJV: The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are firm in themselves; they cannot be moved.
ASV: The flakes of his flesh are joined together:
YLT: The flakes of his flesh have adhered--Firm upon him--it is not moved.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:23Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:23
Job 41:23 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are firm in themselves; they cannot be moved.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:23
Exposition: Job 41:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are firm in themselves; they cannot be moved.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:24
Hebrew
אַחֲרָיו יָאִיר נָתִיב יַחְשֹׁב תְּהוֹם לְשֵׂיבָֽה׃'acharayv-ya'iyr-natiyv-yacheshov-tehvom-lesheyvah
KJV: His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, as hard as a piece of the nether millstone.
AKJV: His heart is as firm as a stone; yes, as hard as a piece of the nether millstone.
ASV: His heart is as firm as a stone;
YLT: His heart is firm as a stone, Yea, firm as the lower piece.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:24Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:24
Job 41:24 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, as hard as a piece of the nether millstone.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:24
Exposition: Job 41:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, as hard as a piece of the nether millstone.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:25
Hebrew
אֵֽין־עַל־עָפָר מָשְׁלוֹ הֶעָשׂוּ לִבְלִי־חָֽת׃'eyn-'al-'afar-mashelvo-he'ashv-liveliy-chat
KJV: When he raiseth up himself, the mighty are afraid: by reason of breakings they purify themselves.
AKJV: When he raises up himself, the mighty are afraid: by reason of breakings they purify themselves.
ASV: When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid:
YLT: From his rising are the mighty afraid, From breakings they keep themselves free.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:25Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:25
Verse 25 By reason of breakings they purify themselves - No version, either ancient or modern, appears to have understood this verse; nor is its true sense known. The Septuagint have, "When he turns himself, he terrifies all the quadrupeds on the earth." The original is short and obscure: משברים יתחטאו mishshebarim yithchattau. Mr. Good takes the plural termination ים im, from the first word, of which he makes the noun ים yam, the sea, and thus translates it, "They are confounded at the tumult of the sea." In this I can find no more light than in our own. Mr. Heath has, "For very terror they fall to the ground." The translations of it are as unsatisfactory as they are various. I shall give both the verses from Coverdale: - His herte is as harde as a stone; and as fast as the stythye (anvil) that the hammer man smyteth upon: when he goeth the mightiest off all are afrayed, and the waives hevy. The dull swell in the waters proclaims his advance; and when this is perceived, the stout-hearted tremble.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Ray
- Mr
- Coverdale
Exposition: Job 41:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When he raiseth up himself, the mighty are afraid: by reason of breakings they purify themselves.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:26
Hebrew
אֵֽת־כָּל־גָּבֹהַּ יִרְאֶה הוּא מֶלֶךְ עַל־כָּל־בְּנֵי־שָֽׁחַץ׃'et-khal-gavoha-yire'eh-hv'-melekhe-'al-khal-veney-shachatz
KJV: The sword of him that layeth at him cannot hold: the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon.
AKJV: The sword of him that lays at him cannot hold: the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon.
ASV: If one lay at him with the sword, it cannot avail;
YLT: The sword of his overtaker standeth not, Spear--dart--and lance.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:26Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:26
Verse 26 Habergeon - The hauberk, the Norman armor for the head, neck, and breast, formed of rings. See on Neh 4:16 (note).
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:26
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Neh 4:16
Exposition: Job 41:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The sword of him that layeth at him cannot hold: the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:27
KJV: He esteemeth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood.
AKJV: He esteems iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood.
ASV: He counteth iron as straw,
YLT: He reckoneth iron as straw, brass as rotten wood.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:27Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:27
Job 41:27 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'He esteemeth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:27
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:27
Exposition: Job 41:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He esteemeth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:28
KJV: The arrow cannot make him flee: slingstones are turned with him into stubble.
AKJV: The arrow cannot make him flee: sling stones are turned with him into stubble.
ASV: The arrow cannot make him flee:
YLT: The son of the bow doth not cause him to flee, Turned by him into stubble are stones of the sling.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Job 41:28Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Job 41:28
Job 41:28 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The arrow cannot make him flee: slingstones are turned with him into stubble.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Job 41:28
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Job 41:28
Exposition: Job 41:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The arrow cannot make him flee: slingstones are turned with him into stubble.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:29
KJV: Darts are counted as stubble: he laugheth at the shaking of a spear.
AKJV: Darts are counted as stubble: he laughs at the shaking of a spear.
ASV: Clubs are counted as stubble:
YLT: As stubble have darts been reckoned, And he laugheth at the shaking of a javelin.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:29Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:29
Verse 29 Darts are counted as stubble - All these verses state that he cannot be wounded by any kind of weapon, and that he cannot be resisted by any human strength. A young crocodile, seen by M. Maillet, twelve feet long, and which had not eaten a morsel for thirty-five days, its mouth having been tied all that time, was nevertheless so strong, that with a blow of its tail it overturned a bale of coffee, and five or six men, with the utmost imaginable ease! What power then must lodge in one twenty feet long, well fed, and in health!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:29
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Maillet
Exposition: Job 41:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Darts are counted as stubble: he laugheth at the shaking of a spear.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:30
KJV: Sharp stones are under him: he spreadeth sharp pointed things upon the mire.
AKJV: Sharp stones are under him: he spreads sharp pointed things on the mire.
ASV: His underparts are like sharp potsherds:
YLT: Under him are sharp points of clay, He spreadeth gold on the mire.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:30Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:30
Verse 30 Sharp stones are under him - So hard and impenetrable are his scales, that splinters of flint are the same to him as the softest reeds.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:30
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Sharp stones are under him: he spreadeth sharp pointed things upon the mire.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:31
KJV: He maketh the deep to boil like a pot: he maketh the sea like a pot of ointment.
AKJV: He makes the deep to boil like a pot: he makes the sea like a pot of ointment.
ASV: He maketh the deep to boil like a pot:
YLT: He causeth to boil as a pot the deep, The sea he maketh as a pot of ointment.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:31Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:31
Verse 31 He maketh the deep to boil like a pot - This is occasioned by strongly agitating the waters at or near the bottom; and the froth which arises to the top from this agitation may have the appearance of ointment. But several travelers say that the crocodile has a very strong scent of musk, and that he even imparts this smell to the water through which he passes, and therefore the text may be taken literally. This property of the crocodile has been noticed by several writers.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:31
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He maketh the deep to boil like a pot: he maketh the sea like a pot of ointment.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:32
KJV: He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be hoary.
AKJV: He makes a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be hoary.
ASV: He maketh a path to shine after him;
YLT: After him he causeth a path to shine, One thinketh the deep to be hoary.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:32Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:32
Verse 32 He maketh a path to shine after him - In certain states of the weather a rapid motion through the water disengages many sparks of phosphoric fire. I have seen this at sea; once particularly, on a fine clear night, with a good breeze, in a fast-sailing vessel, I leaned over the stern, and watched this phenomenon for hours. The wake of the vessel was like a stream of fire; millions of particles of fire were disengaged by the ship's swift motion through the water, nearly in the same way as by the electric cushion and cylinder; and all continued to be absorbed at a short distance from the vessel. Whether this phenomenon takes place in fresh water or in the Nile, I have had no opportunity of observing. The deep to be hoary - By the frost and foam raised by the rapid passage of the animal through the water.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:32
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Nile
Exposition: Job 41:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be hoary.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:33
KJV: Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear.
AKJV: On earth there is not his like, who is made without fear.
ASV: Upon earth there is not his like,
YLT: There is not on the earth his like, That is made without terror.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:33Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:33
Verse 33 Upon earth there is not his like - There is no creature among terrestrial animals so thoroughly dangerous, so exceedingly strong, and so difficult to be wounded or slain. Who is made without fear - Perhaps there is no creature who is at all acquainted with man, so totally destitute of fear as the crocodile.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:33
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Job 41:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Job 41:34
KJV: He beholdeth all high things: he is a king over all the children of pride.
AKJV: He beholds all high things: he is a king over all the children of pride.
ASV: He beholdeth everything that is high:
YLT: Every high thing he doth see, He is king over all sons of pride.
Commentary WitnessJob 41:34Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Job 41:34
Verse 34 He is a king over all the children of pride - There is no animal in the waters that does not fear and fly from him. Hence the Chaldee renders it, all the offspring of Fishes. Calmet says, that by the children of pride the Egyptians are meant; that the crocodile is called their king, because he was one of their principal divinities; that the kings of Egypt were called Pharaoh, which signifies a crocodile; and that the Egyptians were proverbial for their pride, as may be seen in Eze 32:12. And it is very natural to say that Job, wishing to point out a cruel animal, adored by the Egyptians, and considered by them as their chief divinity, should describe him under the name of king of all the children of pride. Houbigant considers the לויתן livyathan, the coupled dragon, to be emblematical of Satan: "He lifts his proud look to God, and aspires to the high heavens; and is king over all the sons of pride." He is, in effect, the governor of every proud, haughty, impious man. What a king! What laws! What subjects! Others think that Men are intended by the sons of pride; and that it is with the design to abate their pride, and confound them in the high notions they have of their own importance, that God produces and describes an animal of whom they are all afraid, and whom none of them can conquer. After all, what is leviathan? I have strong doubts whether either whale or crocodile be meant. I think even the crocodile overrated by this description. He is too great, too powerful, too important, in this representation. No beast, terrestrial or aquatic, deserves the high character here given, though that character only considers him as unconquerably strong, ferociously cruel, and wonderfully made. Perhaps leviathan was some extinct mammoth of the waters, as behemoth was of the land. However, I have followed the general opinion by treating him as the crocodile throughout these notes; but could not finish without stating my doubts on the subject, though I have nothing better to offer in the place of the animal in behalf of which almost all learned men and critics argue, and concerning which they generally agree. As to its being an emblem either of Pharaoh or the devil, I can say little more than, I doubt. The description is extremely dignified; and were we sure of the animal, I have no doubt we should find it in every instance correct. But after all that has been said, we have yet to learn what leviathan is!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:34
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Eze 32:12
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Fishes
- Pharaoh
- Job
- Egyptians
- Satan
- However
Exposition: Job 41:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He beholdeth all high things: he is a king over all the children of pride.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
24
Generated editorial witnesses
10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Job 41:1
- Job 41:2
- Job 41:3
- Job 41:4
- Job 41:5
- Job 41:6
- Job 41:7
- Job 41:8
- Job 41:9
- Job 41:10
- Job 41:11
- Job 41:12
- Job 41:13
- Job 41:14
- Job 41:15
- Job 41:16
- Job 41:17
- Job 41:18
- Job 41:19
- Job 41:20
- Job 41:21
- Job 41:22
- Job 41:23
- Job 41:24
- Job 41:25
- Neh 4:16
- Job 41:26
- Job 41:27
- Job 41:28
- Job 41:29
- Job 41:30
- Job 41:31
- Job 41:32
- Job 41:33
- Eze 32:12
- Job 41:34
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Chaldee
- Nile
- Herodotus
- Or
- Elephantis
- Egypt
- Mr
- Behold
- Egyptians
- Horapp
- Ieroglyph
- Soph
- Antig
- Eurip
- Phaeniss
- Dr
- Young
- Literally
- Ray
- Coverdale
- Maillet
- Fishes
- Pharaoh
- Job
- Satan
- However
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Commentary Witness
Job 41:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Job 41:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness