Apologetics Bible

John 18:1

Greek

Ταῦτα ⸀εἰπὼν Ἰησοῦς ἐξῆλθεν σὺν τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ πέραν τοῦ χειμάρρου ⸀τοῦ Κεδρὼν ὅπου ἦν κῆπος, εἰς ὃν εἰσῆλθεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.

Tayta eipon Iesoys exelthen syn tois mathetais aytoy peran toy cheimarroy toy Kedron opoy en kepos, eis on eiselthen aytos kai oi mathetai aytoy.

KJV: When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.

AKJV: When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.

ASV: When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Kidron, where was a garden, into which he entered, himself and his disciples.

YLT: These things having said, Jesus went forth with his disciples beyond the brook of Kedron, where was a garden, into which he entered, himself and his disciples,

Exposition: John 18:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:2

Greek

ᾔδει δὲ καὶ Ἰούδας ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτὸν τὸν τόπον, ὅτι πολλάκις ⸀συνήχθη Ἰησοῦς ἐκεῖ μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ.

edei de kai Ioydas o paradidoys ayton ton topon, oti pollakis synechthe Iesoys ekei meta ton matheton aytoy.

KJV: And Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus ofttimes resorted thither with his disciples.

AKJV: And Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus often resorted thither with his disciples.

ASV: Now Judas also, who betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus oft-times resorted thither with his disciples.

YLT: and Judas also, who delivered him up, had known the place, because many times did Jesus assemble there with his disciples.

Exposition: John 18:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus ofttimes resorted thither with his disciples.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:3

Greek

ὁ οὖν Ἰούδας λαβὼν τὴν σπεῖραν καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀρχιερέων καὶ ⸂ἐκ τῶν⸃ Φαρισαίων ὑπηρέτας ἔρχεται ἐκεῖ μετὰ φανῶν καὶ λαμπάδων καὶ ὅπλων.

o oyn Ioydas labon ten speiran kai ek ton archiereon kai ek ton Pharisaion yperetas erchetai ekei meta phanon kai lampadon kai oplon.

KJV: Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.

AKJV: Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, comes thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.

ASV: Judas then, having received the band of soldiers, and officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.

YLT: Judas, therefore, having taken the band and officers out of the chief priests and Pharisees, doth come thither with torches and lamps, and weapons;

Exposition: John 18:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:4

Greek

Ἰησοῦς ⸀οὖν εἰδὼς πάντα τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ⸂ἐξῆλθεν, καὶ λέγει⸃ αὐτοῖς· Τίνα ζητεῖτε;

Iesoys oyn eidos panta ta erchomena ep ayton exelthen, kai legei aytois· Tina zeteite;

KJV: Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said unto them, Whom seek ye?

AKJV: Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come on him, went forth, and said to them, Whom seek you?

ASV: Jesus therefore, knowing all the things that were coming upon him, went forth, and saith unto them, Whom seek ye?

YLT: Jesus, therefore, knowing all things that are coming upon him, having gone forth, said to them, `Whom do ye seek?'

Exposition: John 18:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said unto them, Whom seek ye?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:5

Greek

ἀπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ· Ἰησοῦν τὸν Ναζωραῖον. λέγει ⸀αὐτοῖς· Ἐγώ εἰμι. εἱστήκει δὲ καὶ Ἰούδας ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτὸν μετʼ αὐτῶν.

apekrithesan ayto· Iesoyn ton Nazoraion. legei aytois· Ego eimi. eistekei de kai Ioydas o paradidoys ayton met ayton.

KJV: They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas also, which betrayed him, stood with them.

AKJV: They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus says to them, I am he. And Judas also, which betrayed him, stood with them.

ASV: They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas also, who betrayed him, was standing with them.

YLT: they answered him, Jesus the Nazarene;' Jesus saith to them, I am he ;' --and Judas who delivered him up was standing with them; --

Exposition: John 18:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas also, which betrayed him, stood with them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:6

Greek

ὡς οὖν εἶπεν ⸀αὐτοῖς· Ἐγώ εἰμι, ἀπῆλθον εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω καὶ ἔπεσαν χαμαί.

os oyn eipen aytois· Ego eimi, apelthon eis ta opiso kai epesan chamai.

KJV: As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.

AKJV: As soon then as he had said to them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.

ASV: When therefore he said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.

YLT: when, therefore, he said to them--`I am he ,' they went away backward, and fell to the ground.

Exposition: John 18:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:7

Greek

πάλιν οὖν ⸂ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτούς⸃· Τίνα ζητεῖτε; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· Ἰησοῦν τὸν Ναζωραῖον.

palin oyn eperotesen aytoys· Tina zeteite; oi de eipan· Iesoyn ton Nazoraion.

KJV: Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth.

AKJV: Then asked he them again, Whom seek you? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth.

ASV: Again therefore he asked them, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth.

YLT: Again, therefore, he questioned them, Whom do ye seek?' and they said, Jesus the Nazarene;'

Exposition: John 18:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:8

Greek

ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς· Εἶπον ὑμῖν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι· εἰ οὖν ἐμὲ ζητεῖτε, ἄφετε τούτους ὑπάγειν·

apekrithe Iesoys· Eipon ymin oti ego eimi· ei oyn eme zeteite, aphete toytoys ypagein·

KJV: Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let these go their way:

AKJV: Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore you seek me, let these go their way:

ASV: Jesus answered, I told you that I am he; if therefore ye seek me, let these go their way:

YLT: Jesus answered, `I said to you that I am he ; if, then, me ye seek, suffer these to go away;'

Exposition: John 18:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let these go their way:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:9

Greek

ἵνα πληρωθῇ ὁ λόγος ὃν εἶπεν ὅτι Οὓς δέδωκάς μοι οὐκ ἀπώλεσα ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐδένα.

ina plerothe o logos on eipen oti Oys dedokas moi oyk apolesa ex ayton oydena.

KJV: That the saying might be fulfilled, which he spake, Of them which thou gavest me have I lost none.

AKJV: That the saying might be fulfilled, which he spoke, Of them which you gave me have I lost none.

ASV: that the word might be fulfilled which he spake, Of those whom thou hast given me I lost not one.

YLT: that the word might be fulfilled that he said--`Those whom Thou hast given to me, I did not lose of them even one.'

Exposition: John 18:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That the saying might be fulfilled, which he spake, Of them which thou gavest me have I lost none.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:10

Greek

Σίμων οὖν Πέτρος ἔχων μάχαιραν εἵλκυσεν αὐτὴν καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως δοῦλον καὶ ἀπέκοψεν αὐτοῦ τὸ ⸀ὠτάριον τὸ δεξιόν. ἦν δὲ ὄνομα τῷ δούλῳ Μάλχος.

Simon oyn Petros echon machairan eilkysen ayten kai epaisen ton toy archiereos doylon kai apekopsen aytoy to otarion to dexion. en de onoma to doylo Malchos.

KJV: Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus.

AKJV: Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus.

ASV: Simon Peter therefore having a sword drew it, and struck the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. Now the servant’s name was Malchus.

YLT: Simon Peter, therefore, having a sword, drew it, and struck the chief priest's servant, and cut off his right ear--and the name of the servant was Malchus--

Exposition: John 18:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:11

Greek

εἶπεν οὖν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ Πέτρῳ· Βάλε τὴν ⸀μάχαιραν εἰς τὴν θήκην· τὸ ποτήριον ὃ δέδωκέν μοι ὁ πατὴρ οὐ μὴ πίω αὐτό;

eipen oyn o Iesoys to Petro· Bale ten machairan eis ten theken· to poterion o dedoken moi o pater oy me pio ayto;

KJV: Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?

AKJV: Then said Jesus to Peter, Put up your sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father has given me, shall I not drink it?

ASV: Jesus therefore said unto Peter, Put up the sword into the sheath: the cup which the Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?

YLT: Jesus, therefore, said to Peter, `Put the sword into the sheath; the cup that the Father hath given to me, may I not drink it?'

Exposition: John 18:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:12

Greek

Ἡ οὖν σπεῖρα καὶ ὁ χιλίαρχος καὶ οἱ ὑπηρέται τῶν Ἰουδαίων συνέλαβον τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ ἔδησαν αὐτὸν

E oyn speira kai o chiliarchos kai oi yperetai ton Ioydaion synelabon ton Iesoyn kai edesan ayton

KJV: Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound him,

AKJV: Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound him,

ASV: So the band and the chief captain, and the officers of the Jews, seized Jesus and bound him,

YLT: The band, therefore, and the captain, and the officers of the Jews, took hold on Jesus, and bound him,

Exposition: John 18:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound him,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:13

Greek

καὶ ⸀ἤγαγον πρὸς Ἅνναν πρῶτον· ἦν γὰρ πενθερὸς τοῦ Καϊάφα, ὃς ἦν ἀρχιερεὺς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐκείνου·

kai egagon pros Annan proton· en gar pentheros toy Kaiapha, os en archiereys toy eniaytoy ekeinoy·

KJV: And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was the high priest that same year.

AKJV: And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was the high priest that same year.

ASV: and led him to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, who was high priest that year.

YLT: and they led him away to Annas first, for he was father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was chief priest of that year,

Exposition: John 18:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was the high priest that same year.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:14

Greek

ἦν δὲ Καϊάφας ὁ συμβουλεύσας τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ὅτι συμφέρει ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ⸀ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ λαοῦ.

en de Kaiaphas o symboyleysas tois Ioydaiois oti sympherei ena anthropon apothanein yper toy laoy.

KJV: Now Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one man should die for the people.

AKJV: Now Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one man should die for the people. ¶

ASV: Now Caiaphas was he that gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one man should die for the people.

YLT: and Caiaphas was he who gave counsel to the Jews, that it is good for one man to perish for the people.

Exposition: John 18:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one man should die for the people.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:15

Greek

Ἠκολούθει δὲ τῷ Ἰησοῦ Σίμων Πέτρος ⸀καὶ ἄλλος μαθητής. ὁ δὲ μαθητὴς ἐκεῖνος ἦν γνωστὸς τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ καὶ συνεισῆλθεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ εἰς τὴν αὐλὴν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως,

Ekoloythei de to Iesoy Simon Petros kai allos mathetes. o de mathetes ekeinos en gnostos to archierei kai syneiselthen to Iesoy eis ten aylen toy archiereos,

KJV: And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high priest.

AKJV: And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was known to the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high priest.

ASV: And Simon Peter followed Jesus, andso didanother disciple. Now that disciple was known unto the high priest, and entered in with Jesus into the court of the high priest;

YLT: And following Jesus was Simon Peter, and the other disciple, and that disciple was known to the chief priest, and he entered with Jesus to the hall of the chief priest,

Exposition: John 18:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high priest.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:16

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πέτρος εἱστήκει πρὸς τῇ θύρᾳ ἔξω. ἐξῆλθεν οὖν ὁ μαθητὴς ὁ ἄλλος ⸀ὁ γνωστὸς ⸂τοῦ ἀρχιερέως⸃ καὶ εἶπεν τῇ θυρωρῷ καὶ εἰσήγαγεν τὸν Πέτρον.

o de Petros eistekei pros te thyra exo. exelthen oyn o mathetes o allos o gnostos toy archiereos kai eipen te thyroro kai eisegagen ton Petron.

KJV: But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.

AKJV: But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known to the high priest, and spoke to her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.

ASV: but Peter was standing at the door without. So the other disciple, who was known unto the high priest, went out and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.

YLT: and Peter was standing at the door without, therefore went forth the other disciple who was known to the chief priest, and he spake to the female keeping the door, and he brought in Peter.

Exposition: John 18:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:17

Greek

λέγει οὖν ⸂τῷ Πέτρῳ ἡ παιδίσκη ἡ θυρωρός⸃· Μὴ καὶ σὺ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν εἶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου; λέγει ἐκεῖνος· Οὐκ εἰμί.

legei oyn to Petro e paidiske e thyroros· Me kai sy ek ton matheton ei toy anthropoy toytoy; legei ekeinos· Oyk eimi.

KJV: Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of this man’s disciples? He saith, I am not.

AKJV: Then says the damsel that kept the door to Peter, Are not you also one of this man’s disciples? He says, I am not.

ASV: The maid therefore that kept the door saith unto Peter, Art thou also one of this man’s disciples? He saith, I am not.

YLT: Then said the maid keeping the door to Peter, Art thou also of the disciples of this man?' he saith, I am not;'

Exposition: John 18:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of this man’s disciples? He saith, I am not.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:18

Greek

εἱστήκεισαν δὲ οἱ δοῦλοι καὶ οἱ ὑπηρέται ἀνθρακιὰν πεποιηκότες, ὅτι ψῦχος ἦν, καὶ ἐθερμαίνοντο· ἦν δὲ ⸂καὶ ὁ Πέτρος μετʼ αὐτῶν⸃ ἑστὼς καὶ θερμαινόμενος.

eistekeisan de oi doyloi kai oi yperetai anthrakian pepoiekotes, oti psychos en, kai ethermainonto· en de kai o Petros met ayton estos kai thermainomenos.

KJV: And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed himself.

AKJV: And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed himself. ¶

ASV: Now the servants and the officers were standing there, having made a fire of coals; for it was cold; and they were warming themselves: and Peter also was with them, standing and warming himself.

YLT: and the servants and the officers were standing, having made a fire of coals, because it was cold, and they were warming themselves, and Peter was standing with them, and warming himself.

Exposition: John 18:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed himself.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:19

Greek

Ὁ οὖν ἀρχιερεὺς ἠρώτησεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν περὶ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ τῆς διδαχῆς αὐτοῦ.

O oyn archiereys erotesen ton Iesoyn peri ton matheton aytoy kai peri tes didaches aytoy.

KJV: The high priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine.

AKJV: The high priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine.

ASV: The high priest therefore asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his teaching.

YLT: The chief priests, therefore, questioned Jesus concerning his disciples, and concerning his teaching;

Exposition: John 18:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The high priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:20

Greek

ἀπεκρίθη ⸀αὐτῷ Ἰησοῦς· Ἐγὼ παρρησίᾳ ⸀λελάληκα τῷ κόσμῳ· ἐγὼ πάντοτε ἐδίδαξα ἐν συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, ὅπου ⸀πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι συνέρχονται, καὶ ἐν κρυπτῷ ἐλάλησα οὐδέν·

apekrithe ayto Iesoys· Ego parresia lelaleka to kosmo· ego pantote edidaxa en synagoge kai en to iero, opoy pantes oi Ioydaioi synerchontai, kai en krypto elalesa oyden·

KJV: Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing.

AKJV: Jesus answered him, I spoke openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, where the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing.

ASV: Jesus answered him, I have spoken openly to the world; I ever taught in synagogues, and in the temple, where all the Jews come together; and in secret spake I nothing.

YLT: Jesus answered him, `I spake freely to the world, I did always teach in a synagogue, and in the temple, where the Jews do always come together; and in secret I spake nothing;

Exposition: John 18:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:21

Greek

τί με ⸂ἐρωτᾷς; ἐρώτησον⸃ τοὺς ἀκηκοότας τί ἐλάλησα αὐτοῖς· ἴδε οὗτοι οἴδασιν ἃ εἶπον ἐγώ.

ti me erotas; eroteson toys akekootas ti elalesa aytois· ide oytoi oidasin a eipon ego.

KJV: Why askest thou me? ask them which heard me, what I have said unto them: behold, they know what I said.

AKJV: Why ask you me? ask them which heard me, what I have said to them: behold, they know what I said.

ASV: Why askest thou me? ask them that have heard me, what I spake unto them: behold, these know the things which I said.

YLT: why me dost thou question? question those having heard what I spake to them; lo, these have known what I said.'

Exposition: John 18:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Why askest thou me? ask them which heard me, what I have said unto them: behold, they know what I said.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:22

Greek

ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ εἰπόντος εἷς ⸂παρεστηκὼς τῶν ὑπηρετῶν⸃ ἔδωκεν ῥάπισμα τῷ Ἰησοῦ εἰπών· Οὕτως ἀποκρίνῃ τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ;

tayta de aytoy eipontos eis parestekos ton ypereton edoken rapisma to Iesoy eipon· Oytos apokrine to archierei;

KJV: And when he had thus spoken, one of the officers which stood by struck Jesus with the palm of his hand, saying, Answerest thou the high priest so?

AKJV: And when he had thus spoken, one of the officers which stood by struck Jesus with the palm of his hand, saying, Answer you the high priest so?

ASV: And when he had said this, one of the officers standing by struck Jesus with his hand, saying, Answerest thou the high priest so?

YLT: And he having said these things, one of the officers standing by did give Jesus a slap, saying, `Thus dost thou answer the chief priest?'

Exposition: John 18:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he had thus spoken, one of the officers which stood by struck Jesus with the palm of his hand, saying, Answerest thou the high priest so?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:23

Greek

ἀπεκρίθη ⸀αὐτῷ Ἰησοῦς· Εἰ κακῶς ἐλάλησα, μαρτύρησον περὶ τοῦ κακοῦ· εἰ δὲ καλῶς, τί με δέρεις;

apekrithe ayto Iesoys· Ei kakos elalesa, martyreson peri toy kakoy· ei de kalos, ti me dereis;

KJV: Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if well, why smitest thou me?

AKJV: Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if well, why smite you me?

ASV: Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if well, why smitest thou me?

YLT: Jesus answered him, `If I spake ill, testify concerning the ill; and if well, why me dost thou smite?'

Exposition: John 18:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if well, why smitest thou me?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:24

Greek

ἀπέστειλεν ⸀οὖν αὐτὸν ὁ Ἅννας δεδεμένον πρὸς Καϊάφαν τὸν ἀρχιερέα.

apesteilen oyn ayton o Annas dedemenon pros Kaiaphan ton archierea.

KJV: Now Annas had sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest.

AKJV: Now Annas had sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.

ASV: Annas therefore sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest.

YLT: Annas then sent him bound to Caiaphas the chief priest.

Exposition: John 18:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now Annas had sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:25

Greek

Ἦν δὲ Σίμων Πέτρος ἑστὼς καὶ θερμαινόμενος. εἶπον οὖν αὐτῷ· Μὴ καὶ σὺ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ εἶ; ⸀ἠρνήσατο ἐκεῖνος καὶ εἶπεν· Οὐκ εἰμί.

En de Simon Petros estos kai thermainomenos. eipon oyn ayto· Me kai sy ek ton matheton aytoy ei; ernesato ekeinos kai eipen· Oyk eimi.

KJV: And Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore unto him, Art not thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.

AKJV: And Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore to him, Are not you also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.

ASV: Now Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. They said therefore unto him, Art thou also one of his disciples? He denied, and said, I am not.

YLT: And Simon Peter was standing and warming himself, they said then to him, Art thou also of his disciples?' he denied, and said, I am not.'

Exposition: John 18:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore unto him, Art not thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:26

Greek

λέγει εἷς ἐκ τῶν δούλων τοῦ ἀρχιερέως, συγγενὴς ὢν οὗ ἀπέκοψεν Πέτρος τὸ ὠτίον· Οὐκ ἐγώ σε εἶδον ἐν τῷ κήπῳ μετʼ αὐτοῦ;

legei eis ek ton doylon toy archiereos, syggenes on oy apekopsen Petros to otion· Oyk ego se eidon en to kepo met aytoy;

KJV: One of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?

AKJV: One of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off, says, Did not I see you in the garden with him?

ASV: One of the servants of the high priest, being a kinsman of him whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?

YLT: One of the servants of the chief priest, being kinsman of him whose ear Peter cut off, saith, `Did not I see thee in the garden with him?'

Exposition: John 18:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'One of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:27

Greek

πάλιν οὖν ⸀ἠρνήσατο Πέτρος· καὶ εὐθέως ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν.

palin oyn ernesato Petros· kai eytheos alektor ephonesen.

KJV: Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.

AKJV: Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew. ¶

ASV: Peter therefore denied again: and straightway the cock crew.

YLT: again, therefore, Peter denied, and immediately a cock crew.

Exposition: John 18:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:28

Greek

Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον· ἦν δὲ πρωΐ· καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν ⸀ἀλλὰ φάγωσιν τὸ πάσχα.

Agoysin oyn ton Iesoyn apo toy Kaiapha eis to praitorion· en de proi· kai aytoi oyk eiselthon eis to praitorion, ina me mianthosin alla phagosin to pascha.

KJV: Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.

AKJV: Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas to the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.

ASV: They lead Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Prætorium: and it was early; and they themselves entered not into the Prætorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the passover.

YLT: They led, therefore, Jesus from Caiaphas to the praetorium, and it was early, and they themselves did not enter into the praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but that they might eat the passover;

Exposition: John 18:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:29

Greek

ἐξῆλθεν οὖν ὁ Πιλᾶτος ⸀ἔξω πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ ⸀φησίν· Τίνα κατηγορίαν φέρετε ⸀κατὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου;

exelthen oyn o Pilatos exo pros aytoys kai phesin· Tina kategorian pherete kata toy anthropoy toytoy;

KJV: Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this man?

AKJV: Pilate then went out to them, and said, What accusation bring you against this man?

ASV: Pilate therefore went out unto them, and saith, What accusation bring ye against this man?

YLT: Pilate, therefore, went forth unto them, and said, `What accusation do ye bring against this man?'

Exposition: John 18:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this man?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:30

Greek

ἀπεκρίθησαν καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος ⸂κακὸν ποιῶν⸃, οὐκ ἄν σοι παρεδώκαμεν αὐτόν.

apekrithesan kai eipan ayto· Ei me en oytos kakon poion, oyk an soi paredokamen ayton.

KJV: They answered and said unto him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up unto thee.

AKJV: They answered and said to him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up to you.

ASV: They answered and said unto him, If this man were not an evil-doer, we should not have delivered him up unto thee.

YLT: they answered and said to him, `If he were not an evil doer, we had not delivered him to thee.'

Exposition: John 18:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They answered and said unto him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up unto thee.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:31

Greek

εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ⸀ὁ Πιλᾶτος· Λάβετε αὐτὸν ὑμεῖς, καὶ κατὰ τὸν νόμον ὑμῶν κρίνατε αὐτόν. ⸀εἶπον αὐτῷ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι· Ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔξεστιν ἀποκτεῖναι οὐδένα·

eipen oyn aytois o Pilatos· Labete ayton ymeis, kai kata ton nomon ymon krinate ayton. eipon ayto oi Ioydaioi· Emin oyk exestin apokteinai oydena·

KJV: Then said Pilate unto them, Take ye him, and judge him according to your law. The Jews therefore said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to death:

AKJV: Then said Pilate to them, Take you him, and judge him according to your law. The Jews therefore said to him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to death:

ASV: Pilate therefore said unto them, Take him yourselves, and judge him according to your law. The Jews said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to death:

YLT: Pilate, therefore, said to them, Take ye him--ye--and according to your law judge him;' the Jews, therefore, said to him, It is not lawful to us to put any one to death;'

Exposition: John 18:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then said Pilate unto them, Take ye him, and judge him according to your law. The Jews therefore said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to death:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:32

Greek

ἵνα ὁ λόγος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πληρωθῇ ὃν εἶπεν σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν.

ina o logos toy Iesoy plerothe on eipen semainon poio thanato emellen apothneskein.

KJV: That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying what death he should die.

AKJV: That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spoke, signifying what death he should die.

ASV: that the word of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying by what manner of death he should die.

YLT: that the word of Jesus might be fulfilled which he said, signifying by what death he was about to die.

Exposition: John 18:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying what death he should die.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:33

Greek

Εἰσῆλθεν οὖν ⸂πάλιν εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον⸃ ὁ Πιλᾶτος καὶ ἐφώνησεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων;

Eiselthen oyn palin eis to praitorion o Pilatos kai ephonesen ton Iesoyn kai eipen ayto· Sy ei o basileys ton Ioydaion;

KJV: Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?

AKJV: Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said to him, Are you the King of the Jews?

ASV: Pilate therefore entered again into the Prætorium, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?

YLT: Pilate, therefore, entered into the praetorium again, and called Jesus, and said to him, `Thou art the King of the Jews?'

Exposition: John 18:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:34

Greek

⸀ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς· ⸂Ἀπὸ σεαυτοῦ⸃ σὺ τοῦτο λέγεις ἢ ἄλλοι ⸂εἶπόν σοι⸃ περὶ ἐμοῦ;

apekrithe Iesoys· Apo seaytoy sy toyto legeis e alloi eipon soi peri emoy;

KJV: Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it thee of me?

AKJV: Jesus answered him, Say you this thing of yourself, or did others tell it you of me?

ASV: Jesus answered, Sayest thou this of thyself, or did others tell it thee concerning me?

YLT: Jesus answered him, `From thyself dost thou say this? or did others say it to thee about me?'

Exposition: John 18:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it thee of me?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:35

Greek

ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Πιλᾶτος· Μήτι ἐγὼ Ἰουδαῖός εἰμι; τὸ ἔθνος τὸ σὸν καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς παρέδωκάν σε ἐμοί· τί ἐποίησας;

apekrithe o Pilatos· Meti ego Ioydaios eimi; to ethnos to son kai oi archiereis paredokan se emoi· ti epoiesas;

KJV: Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief priests have delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done?

AKJV: Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Your own nation and the chief priests have delivered you to me: what have you done?

ASV: Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief priests delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done?

YLT: Pilate answered, `Am I a Jew? thy nation, and the chief priests did deliver thee up to me; what didst thou?'

Exposition: John 18:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief priests have delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:36

Greek

ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς· Ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου· εἰ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου ἦν ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμή, οἱ ὑπηρέται ⸂οἱ ἐμοὶ ἠγωνίζοντο ἄν⸃, ἵνα μὴ παραδοθῶ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις· νῦν δὲ ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐντεῦθεν.

apekrithe Iesoys· E basileia e eme oyk estin ek toy kosmoy toytoy· ei ek toy kosmoy toytoy en e basileia e eme, oi yperetai oi emoi egonizonto an, ina me paradotho tois Ioydaiois· nyn de e basileia e eme oyk estin enteythen.

KJV: Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.

AKJV: Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.

ASV: Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.

YLT: Jesus answered, `My kingdom is not of this world; if my kingdom were of this world, my officers had struggled that I might not be delivered up to Jews; but now my kingdom is not from hence.'

Exposition: John 18:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:37

Greek

εἶπεν οὖν αὐτῷ ὁ Πιλᾶτος· Οὐκοῦν βασιλεὺς εἶ σύ; ἀπεκρίθη ⸀ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Σὺ λέγεις ὅτι βασιλεύς ⸀εἰμι. ἐγὼ εἰς τοῦτο γεγέννημαι καὶ εἰς τοῦτο ἐλήλυθα εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἵνα μαρτυρήσω τῇ ἀληθείᾳ· πᾶς ὁ ὢν ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας ἀκούει μου τῆς φωνῆς.

eipen oyn ayto o Pilatos· Oykoyn basileys ei sy; apekrithe o Iesoys· Sy legeis oti basileys eimi. ego eis toyto gegennemai kai eis toyto elelytha eis ton kosmon ina martyreso te aletheia· pas o on ek tes aletheias akoyei moy tes phones.

KJV: Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice.

AKJV: Pilate therefore said to him, Are you a king then? Jesus answered, You say that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness to the truth. Every one that is of the truth hears my voice.

ASV: Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end have I been born, and to this end am I come into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice.

YLT: Pilate, therefore, said to him, Art thou then a king?' Jesus answered, Thou dost say it ; because a king I am, I for this have been born, and for this I have come to the world, that I may testify to the truth; every one who is of the truth, doth hear my voice.'

Exposition: John 18:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every on...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:38

Greek

λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Πιλᾶτος· Τί ἐστιν ἀλήθεια; Καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν πάλιν ἐξῆλθεν πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ἐγὼ οὐδεμίαν ⸂εὑρίσκω ἐν αὐτῷ αἰτίαν⸃·

legei ayto o Pilatos· Ti estin aletheia; Kai toyto eipon palin exelthen pros toys Ioydaioys, kai legei aytois· Ego oydemian eyrisko en ayto aitian·

KJV: Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.

AKJV: Pilate says to him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again to the Jews, and said to them, I find in him no fault at all.

ASV: Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find no crime in him.

YLT: Pilate saith to him, What is truth?' and this having said, again he went forth unto the Jews, and saith to them, I do find no fault in him;

Exposition: John 18:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:39

Greek

ἔστιν δὲ συνήθεια ὑμῖν ἵνα ἕνα ⸂ἀπολύσω ὑμῖν⸃ ἐν τῷ πάσχα· βούλεσθε οὖν ⸄ἀπολύσω ὑμῖν⸅ τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἰουδαίων;

estin de synetheia ymin ina ena apolyso ymin en to pascha· boylesthe oyn apolyso ymin ton basilea ton Ioydaion;

KJV: But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?

AKJV: But you have a custom, that I should release to you one at the passover: will you therefore that I release to you the King of the Jews?

ASV: But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?

YLT: and ye have a custom that I shall release to you one in the passover; will ye, therefore, that I shall release to you the king of the Jews?'

Exposition: John 18:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

John 18:40

Greek

ἐκραύγασαν οὖν ⸀πάλιν λέγοντες· Μὴ τοῦτον ἀλλὰ τὸν Βαραββᾶν. ἦν δὲ ὁ Βαραββᾶς λῃστής.

ekraygasan oyn palin legontes· Me toyton alla ton Barabban. en de o Barabbas lestes.

KJV: Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber.

AKJV: Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber.

ASV: They cried out therefore again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber.

YLT: therefore they all cried out again, saying, `Not this one--but Barabbas;' and Barabbas was a robber.

Exposition: John 18:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.