Apologetics Bible · Scripture Reader

Apologetics Bible

Read Scripture with the original-language, translation, commentary, and apologetics layers kept close to the text.

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Four study layers kept near the text.

The reader keeps Scripture first, then brings original-language notes, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition into an ordered study path without letting the tools outrank the passage.

Layer 01
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Hebrew and Greek source shelves sit near the passage with transliteration and morphology notes where the source data is available.

Layer 02
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A broad translation-comparison set brings KJV, ASV, YLT, BSB, Darby, and many other renderings near the verse so wording differences can be studied carefully.

Layer 03
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Historical witness notes appear where source coverage is available, helping readers compare older interpreters without replacing the passage.

Layer 04
Apologetics Exposition

Apologetics exposition helps trace how passages function in canonical argument, what doctrinal claims they touch, and how themes connect across the 66 books.

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Genesis 1:1 · Old Testament
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Published chapter Reader summary first Joshua live Chapter 19 of 24 51 verse waypoints 51 commentary witnesses

Holy Scripture opened

Joshua 19 — Joshua 19

Connected primary witness
  • Connected ID: Joshua_19
  • Primary Witness Text: And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah. And they had in their inheritance Beer–sheba, Sheba, and Moladah, And Hazar–shual, and Balah, and Azem, And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah, And Ziklag, and Beth–marcaboth, and Hazar–susah, And Beth–lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages: Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages: And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath–beer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families. Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them. And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families: and the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid: And their border went up toward the sea, and Maralah, and reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam; And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising unto the border of Chisloth–tabor, and then goeth out to Daberath, and goeth up to Japhia, And from thence passeth on along on the east to Gittah–hepher, to Ittah–kazin, and goeth out to Remmon–methoar to Neah; And the border compasseth it on ...

Connected dataset overlay
  • Connected ID: Joshua_19
  • Chapter Blob Preview: And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah. And they had in their inheritance Beer–sheba, Sheba, and Moladah, And Hazar–shual, and Balah, and Azem, And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah, And Ziklag, and Beth–marcaboth, and Hazar–susah, ...

Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.

Chapter frame

Joshua documents the conquest and settlement of Canaan under Joshua ben Nun (c. 1406-1380 BC on the early date, c. 1220-1200 BC on the late date). Archaeological evidence — including the Jericho debate (Kathleen Kenyon vs. Bryant Wood), the Hazor stratum, and the Amarna letters referencing 'Habiru' incursions — informs ongoing historical reassessment.

Theologically, Joshua typifies Christ: the Hebrew name Yehoshua is the same name as Jesus (Iēsous in LXX), and the rest that Joshua gave anticipated the greater rest of Hebrews 4. The Rahab narrative introduces the scarlet cord as a sign of redemption — a type richly explored in later typological interpretation.


Verse-by-verse study laneOpen only when you are ready for notes and witnesses.

Verse-by-verse study lane

Joshua 19:1

Hebrew
וַיֵּצֵא הַגּוֹרָל הַשֵּׁנִי לְשִׁמְעוֹן לְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְעוֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָם וַֽיְהִי נַֽחֲלָתָם בְּתוֹךְ נַחֲלַת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה׃

vayetze'-hagvoral-hasheniy-leshime'von-lemateh-veney-shime'von-lemishefechvotam-vayehiy-nachalatam-vetvokhe-nachalat-veney-yehvdah

KJV: And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah.

AKJV: And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah.

ASV: And the second lot came out for Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was in the midst of the inheritance of the children of Judah.

YLT: And the second lot goeth out for Simeon, for the tribe of the sons of Simeon, for their families; and their inheritance is in the midst of the inheritance of the sons of Judah,

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:1
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:1

Quoted commentary witness

The lot of Simeon, Jos 19:1-9. Of Zebulun, Jos 19:10-16. Of Issachar, Jos 19:17-23. Of Asher, Jos 19:24-31. Of Naphtali, Jos 19:32-39. Of Dan, Jos 19:40-48. Joshua's portion, Jos 19:49, Jos 19:50. The conclusion of the division of the land, Jos 19:51. Verse 1 The second lot came forth to Simeon - In this appointment the providence of God may be especially remarked. For the iniquitous conduct of Simeon and Levi, in the massacre of the innocent Shechemites, Gen 34:25-31, Jacob, in the spirit of prophecy, foretold that they should be divided in Jacob, and scattered in Israel, Gen 49:7. And this was most literally fulfilled in the manner in which God disposed of both these tribes afterwards. Levi was scattered through all Palestine, not having received any inheritance, only cities to dwell in, in different parts of the land; and Simeon was dispersed in Judah, with what could scarcely be said to be their own, or a peculiar lot. See the note on Gen 49:7.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 34:25-31
  • Gen 49:7

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ovid
  • Simeon
  • Of Zebulun
  • Of Issachar
  • Of Asher
  • Of Naphtali
  • Of Dan
  • Levi
  • Shechemites
  • Jacob
  • Israel
  • Palestine
  • Judah

Exposition: Joshua 19:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:2

Hebrew
וַיְהִי לָהֶם בְּנַֽחֲלָתָם בְּאֵֽר־שֶׁבַע וְשֶׁבַע וּמוֹלָדָֽה׃

vayehiy-lahem-venachalatam-ve'er-sheva'-vesheva'-vmvoladah

KJV: And they had in their inheritance Beer–sheba, Sheba, and Moladah,

AKJV: And they had in their inheritance Beersheba, and Sheba, and Moladah,

ASV: And they had for their inheritance Beer-sheba, or Sheba, and Moladah,

YLT: and they have in their inheritance Beer-Sheba, and Sheba, and Moladah,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:2
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:2

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:2 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And they had in their inheritance Beer–sheba, Sheba, and Moladah,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:2

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Sheba
  • Moladah

Exposition: Joshua 19:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they had in their inheritance Beer–sheba, Sheba, and Moladah,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:3

Hebrew
וַחֲצַר שׁוּעָל וּבָלָה וָעָֽצֶם׃

vachatzar-shv'al-vvalah-va'atzem

KJV: And Hazar–shual, and Balah, and Azem,

AKJV: And Hazarshual, and Balah, and Azem,

ASV: and Hazar-shual, and Balah, and Ezem,

YLT: and Hazar-Shual, and Balah, and Azem,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:3
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:3

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:3 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Hazar–shual, and Balah, and Azem,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:3

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Balah
  • Azem

Exposition: Joshua 19:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Hazar–shual, and Balah, and Azem,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:4

Hebrew
וְאֶלְתּוֹלַד וּבְתוּל וְחָרְמָֽה׃

ve'eletvolad-vvetvl-vecharemah

KJV: And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,

AKJV: And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,

ASV: and Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,

YLT: and Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:4
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:4

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:4

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Eltolad
  • Bethul
  • Hormah

Exposition: Joshua 19:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:5

Hebrew
וְצִֽקְלַג וּבֵית־הַמַּרְכָּבוֹת וַחֲצַר סוּסָֽה׃

vetziqelag-vveyt-hamarekhavvot-vachatzar-svsah

KJV: And Ziklag, and Beth–marcaboth, and Hazar–susah,

AKJV: And Ziklag, and Bethmarcaboth, and Hazarsusah,

ASV: and Ziklag, and Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susah,

YLT: and Ziklag, and Beth-Marcaboth, and Hazar-Susah,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:5
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:5

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:5 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Ziklag, and Beth–marcaboth, and Hazar–susah,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:5

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:5

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Ziklag

Exposition: Joshua 19:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Ziklag, and Beth–marcaboth, and Hazar–susah,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:6

Hebrew
וּבֵית לְבָאוֹת וְשָֽׁרוּחֶן עָרִים שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

vveyt-leva'vot-vesharvchen-'ariym-shelosh-'eshereh-vechatzereyhen

KJV: And Beth–lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages:

AKJV: And Bethlebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages:

ASV: and Beth-lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities with their villages:

YLT: and Beth-Lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:6
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:6

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:6 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Beth–lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:6

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Sharuhen

Exposition: Joshua 19:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Beth–lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:7

Hebrew
עַיִן ׀ רִמּוֹן וָעֶתֶר וְעָשָׁן עָרִים אַרְבַּע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

'ayin- -rimvon-va'eter-ve'ashan-'ariym-'areva'-vechatzereyhen

KJV: Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages:

AKJV: Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages:

ASV: Ain, Rimmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities with their villages:

YLT: Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:7
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:7

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:7 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:7

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:7

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ain
  • Remmon
  • Ether
  • Ashan

Exposition: Joshua 19:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:8

Hebrew
וְכָל־הֽ͏ַחֲצֵרִים אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹת הֶֽעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה עַד־בַּֽעֲלַת בְּאֵר רָאמַת נֶגֶב זֹאת נַחֲלַת מַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְעוֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃

vekhal-hachatzeriym-'asher-seviyvvot-he'ariym-ha'eleh-'ad-va'alat-ve'er-ra'mat-negev-zo't-nachalat-mateh-veney-shime'von-lemishefechotam

KJV: And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath–beer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families.

AKJV: And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalathbeer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families.

ASV: and all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath-beer, Ramah of the South. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families.

YLT: also all the villages which are round about these cities, unto Baalath-Beer, Ramoth of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Simeon, for their families;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:8
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:8

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:8 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath–beer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:8

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:8

Exposition: Joshua 19:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath–beer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:9

Hebrew
מֵחֶבֶל בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה נַחֲלַת בְּנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן כִּֽי־הָיָה חֵלֶק בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה רַב מֵהֶם וַיִּנְחֲלוּ בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְעוֹן בְּתוֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽם׃

mechevel-veney-yehvdah-nachalat-veney-shime'von-khiy-hayah-cheleq-veney-yehvdah-rav-mehem-vayinechalv-veney-shime'von-vetvokhe-nachalatam

KJV: Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them.

AKJV: Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them. ¶

ASV: Out of the part of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon; for the portion of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had inheritance in the midst of their inheritance.

YLT: out of the portion of the sons of Judah is the inheritance of the sons of Simeon, for the portion of the sons of Judah hath been too much for them, and the sons of Simeon inherit in the midst of their inheritance.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:9
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:9

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:9

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:9

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Simeon

Exposition: Joshua 19:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:10

Hebrew
וַיַּעַל הַגּוֹרָל הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לִבְנֵי זְבוּלֻן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם וַיְהִי גְּבוּל נַחֲלָתָם עַד־שָׂרִֽיד׃

vaya'al-hagvoral-hasheliyshiy-liveney-zevvlun-lemishefechotam-vayehiy-gevvl-nachalatam-'ad-shariyd

KJV: And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families: and the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid:

AKJV: And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families: and the border of their inheritance was to Sarid:

ASV: And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families. And the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid;

YLT: And the third lot goeth up for the sons of Zebulun, for their families; and the border of their inheritance is unto Sarid,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:10
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:10

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:10 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families: and the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:10

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:10

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Sarid

Exposition: Joshua 19:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families: and the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:11

Hebrew
וְעָלָה גְבוּלָם ׀ לַיָּמָּה וּמַרְעֲלָה וּפָגַע בְּדַבָּשֶׁת וּפָגַע אֶל־הַנַּחַל אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי יָקְנְעָֽם׃

ve'alah-gevvlam- -layamah-vmare'alah-vfaga'-vedavashet-vfaga'-'el-hanachal-'asher-'al-feney-yaqene'am

KJV: And their border went up toward the sea, and Maralah, and reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam;

AKJV: And their border went up toward the sea, and Maralah, and reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam;

ASV: and their border went up westward, even to Maralah, and reached to Dabbesheth; and it reached to the brook that is before Jokneam;

YLT: and their border hath gone up towards the sea, and Maralah, and come against Dabbasheth, and come unto the brook which is on the front of Jokneam,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:11
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:11

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And their border went up toward the sea, and Maralah, and reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:11

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:11

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Maralah
  • Dabbasheth
  • Jokneam

Exposition: Joshua 19:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And their border went up toward the sea, and Maralah, and reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:12

Hebrew
וְשָׁב מִשָּׂרִיד קֵדְמָה מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עַל־גְּבוּל כִּסְלֹת תָּבֹר וְיָצָא אֶל־הַדָּֽבְרַת וְעָלָה יָפִֽיעַ׃

veshav-mishariyd-qedemah-mizerach-hashemesh-'al-gevvl-khiselot-tavor-veyatza'-'el-hadaverat-ve'alah-yafiy'a

KJV: And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising unto the border of Chisloth–tabor, and then goeth out to Daberath, and goeth up to Japhia,

AKJV: And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sun rise to the border of Chislothtabor, and then goes out to Daberath, and goes up to Japhia,

ASV: and it turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising unto the border of Chisloth-tabor; and it went out to Daberath, and went up to Japhia;

YLT: and turned back from Sarid eastward, at the sun-rising, by the border of Chisloth-Tabor, and gone out unto Daberath, and gone up to Japhia,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:12
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:12

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising unto the border of Chisloth–tabor, and then goeth out to Daberath, and goeth up to Japhia,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:12

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:12

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Daberath
  • Japhia

Exposition: Joshua 19:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising unto the border of Chisloth–tabor, and then goeth out to Daberath, and goeth up to Japhia,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:13

Hebrew
וּמִשָּׁם עָבַר קֵדְמָה מִזְרָחָה גִּתָּה חֵפֶר עִתָּה קָצִין וְיָצָא רִמּוֹן הַמְּתֹאָר הַנֵּעָֽה׃

vmisham-'avar-qedemah-mizerachah-gitah-chefer-'itah-qatziyn-veyatza'-rimvon-hameto'ar-hane'ah

KJV: And from thence passeth on along on the east to Gittah–hepher, to Ittah–kazin, and goeth out to Remmon–methoar to Neah;

AKJV: And from there passes on along on the east to Gittahhepher, to Ittahkazin, and goes out to Remmonmethoar to Neah;

ASV: and from thence it passed along eastward to Gath-hepher, to Eth-kazin; and it went out at Rimmon which stretcheth unto Neah;

YLT: and thence it hath passed over eastward, to the east, to Gittah-Hepher, to Ittah-Kazin, and gone out to Rimmon-Methoar to Neah;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:13
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:13

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:13 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And from thence passeth on along on the east to Gittah–hepher, to Ittah–kazin, and goeth out to Remmon–methoar to Neah;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:13

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:13

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Neah

Exposition: Joshua 19:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And from thence passeth on along on the east to Gittah–hepher, to Ittah–kazin, and goeth out to Remmon–methoar to Neah;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:14

Hebrew
וְנָסַב אֹתוֹ הַגְּבוּל מִצְּפוֹן חַנָּתֹן וְהָיוּ תֹּֽצְאֹתָיו גֵּי יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל׃

venasav-'otvo-hagevvl-mitzefvon-chanaton-vehayv-totze'otayv-gey-yifetach-'el

KJV: And the border compasseth it on the north side to Hannathon: and the outgoings thereof are in the valley of Jiphthah–el:

AKJV: And the border compasses it on the north side to Hannathon: and the outgoings thereof are in the valley of Jiphthahel:

ASV: and the border turned about it on the north to Hannathon; and the goings out thereof were at the valley of Iphtah-el;

YLT: and the border hath gone round about it, from the north to Hannathon; and its outgoings have been in the valley of Jiphthah-El,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:14
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:14

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the border compasseth it on the north side to Hannathon: and the outgoings thereof are in the valley of Jiphthah–el:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:14

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:14

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Hannathon

Exposition: Joshua 19:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the border compasseth it on the north side to Hannathon: and the outgoings thereof are in the valley of Jiphthah–el:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:15

Hebrew
וְקַטָּת וְנֽ͏ַהֲלָל וְשִׁמְרוֹן וְיִדְאֲלָה וּבֵית לָחֶם עָרִים שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

veqatat-venahalal-veshimervon-veyide'alah-vveyt-lachem-'ariym-sheteym-'eshereh-vechatzereyhen

KJV: And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth–lehem: twelve cities with their villages.

AKJV: And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.

ASV: and Kattath, and Nahalal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.

YLT: and Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-Lehem; twelve cities and their villages.

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:15
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:15

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 15 Shimron - See on Jos 12:20 (note). Beth-lehem - The house of bread; a different place from that in which our Lord was born.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:15

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Joshua 19:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth–lehem: twelve cities with their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:16

Hebrew
זֹאת נַחֲלַת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻן לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָם הֶֽעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

zo't-nachalat-veney-zevvlun-lemishefechvotam-he'ariym-ha'eleh-vechatzereyhen

KJV: This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages.

AKJV: This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages. ¶

ASV: This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages.

YLT: This is the inheritance of the sons of Zebulun, for their families, these cities and their villages.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:16
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:16

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:16 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:16

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:16

Exposition: Joshua 19:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:17

Hebrew
לְיִשָׂשכָר יָצָא הַגּוֹרָל הָֽרְבִיעִי לִבְנֵי יִשָׂשכָר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃

leyishashkhar-yatza'-hagvoral-hareviy'iy-liveney-yishashkhar-lemishefechvotam

KJV: And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families.

AKJV: And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families.

ASV: The fourth lot came out for Issachar, even for the children of Issachar according to their families.

YLT: For Issachar hath the fourth lot gone out, for the sons of Issachar, for their families;

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:17
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:17

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 17 The fourth lot came out to Issachar - It is remarkable, that though Issachar was the eldest brother, yet the lot of Zebulun was drawn before his lot; and this is the order in which Jacob himself mentions them, Gen 49:13, Gen 49:14, though no reason appears, either here or in the place above, why this preference should be given to the younger; but that the apparently fortuitous lot should have distinguished them just as the prophetic Jacob did, is peculiarly remarkable. Known unto God are all his works from the beginning: he has reasons for his conduct, which in many cases are too great for any of his creatures to comprehend, but he works all things after the counsel of his own will, which is ever right and good; and in this case his influence may be as easily seen in the decision by the lot, as on the mind of the patriarch Jacob, when he predicted what should befall his children in the latter days, and his providence continued to ripen, and bring forward what his judgment had deemed right to be done.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:17

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Gen 49:13
  • Gen 49:14

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ovid
  • Jacob

Exposition: Joshua 19:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:18

Hebrew
וַיְהִי גְּבוּלָם יִזְרְעֶאלָה וְהַכְּסוּלֹת וְשׁוּנֵֽם׃

vayehiy-gevvlam-yizere'e'lah-vehakhesvlot-veshvnem

KJV: And their border was toward Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem,

AKJV: And their border was toward Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem,

ASV: And their border was unto Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem,

YLT: and their border is at Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem,

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:18
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:18

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 18 Jezreel - This city, according to Calmet, was situated in an open country, having the town of Legion on the west, Bethshan on the east, on the south the mountains of Gilboa, and on the north those of Hermon. Shunem - This city was rendered famous by being the occasional abode of the prophet Elisha, and the place where he restored the son of a pious woman to life. 2Kgs 4:8. It was the place where the Philistines were encamped on that ruinous day in which the Israelites were totally routed at Gilboa, and Saul and his sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchi-shua, killed. 1Sam 28:4; 1Sam 31:1, etc.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:18

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • 2Kgs 4:8
  • 1Sam 28:4
  • 1Sam 31:1

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jonathan
  • Calmet
  • Gilboa
  • Hermon
  • Elisha
  • Abinadab

Exposition: Joshua 19:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And their border was toward Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:19

Hebrew
וַחֲפָרַיִם וְשִׁיאֹן וַאֲנָחֲרַֽת׃

vachafarayim-veshiy'on-va'anacharat

KJV: And Hapharaim, and Shion, and Anaharath,

AKJV: And Haphraim, and Shihon, and Anaharath,

ASV: and Hapharaim, and Shion, and Anaharath,

YLT: and Haphraim, and Shihon, and Anaharath,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:19
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:19

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:19 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Hapharaim, and Shion, and Anaharath,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:19

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:19

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Hapharaim
  • Shion
  • Anaharath

Exposition: Joshua 19:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Hapharaim, and Shion, and Anaharath,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:20

Hebrew
וְהָֽרַבִּית וְקִשְׁיוֹן וָאָֽבֶץ׃

veharaviyt-veqisheyvon-va'avetz

KJV: And Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez,

AKJV: And Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez,

ASV: and Rabbith, and Kishion, and Ebez,

YLT: and Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:20
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:20

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:20 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:20

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:20

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Rabbith
  • Kishion
  • Abez

Exposition: Joshua 19:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:21

Hebrew
וְרֶמֶת וְעֵין־גַּנִּים וְעֵין חַדָּה וּבֵית פַּצֵּֽץ׃

veremet-ve'eyn-ganiym-ve'eyn-chadah-vveyt-fatzetz

KJV: And Remeth, and En–gannim, and En–haddah, and Beth–pazzez;

AKJV: And Remeth, and Engannim, and Enhaddah, and Bethpazzez;

ASV: and Remeth, and Engannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez,

YLT: and Remeth, and En-Gannim, and En-Haddah, and Beth-Pazzez;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:21
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:21

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:21 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Remeth, and En–gannim, and En–haddah, and Beth–pazzez;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:21

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:21

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Remeth

Exposition: Joshua 19:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Remeth, and En–gannim, and En–haddah, and Beth–pazzez;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:22

Hebrew
וּפָגַע הַגְּבוּל בְּתָבוֹר ושחצומה וְשַׁחֲצִימָה וּבֵית שֶׁמֶשׁ וְהָיוּ תֹּצְאוֹת גְּבוּלָם הַיַּרְדֵּן עָרִים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

vfaga'-hagevvl-vetavvor-vshchtzvmh-veshachatziymah-vveyt-shemesh-vehayv-totze'vot-gevvlam-hayareden-'ariym-shesh-'eshereh-vechatzereyhen

KJV: And the coast reacheth to Tabor, and Shahazimah, and Beth–shemesh; and the outgoings of their border were at Jordan: sixteen cities with their villages.

AKJV: And the coast reaches to Tabor, and Shahazimah, and Bethshemesh; and the outgoings of their border were at Jordan: sixteen cities with their villages.

ASV: and the border reached to Tabor, and Shahazumah, and Beth-shemesh; and the goings out of their border were at the Jordan: sixteen cities with their villages.

YLT: and the border hath touched against Tabor, and Shahazimah, and Beth-Shemesh, and the outgoings of their border have been at the Jordan; sixteen cities and their villages.

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:22
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:22

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 22 Beth-shemesh - The house or temple of the sun; there were several cities or towns of this name in Palestine; an ample proof that the worship of this celestial luminary had generally prevailed in that idolatrous country.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:22

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Palestine

Exposition: Joshua 19:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the coast reacheth to Tabor, and Shahazimah, and Beth–shemesh; and the outgoings of their border were at Jordan: sixteen cities with their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:23

Hebrew
זֹאת נַחֲלַת מַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־יִשָׂשכָר לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם הֶעָרִים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

zo't-nachalat-mateh-veney-yishashkhar-lemishefechotam-he'ariym-vechatzereyhen

KJV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their families, the cities and their villages.

AKJV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their families, the cities and their villages. ¶

ASV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their families, the cities with their villages.

YLT: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar, for their families, the cities and their villages.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:23
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:23

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:23 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their families, the cities and their villages.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:23

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:23

Exposition: Joshua 19:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their families, the cities and their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:24

Hebrew
וַיֵּצֵא הַגּוֹרָל הַֽחֲמִישִׁי לְמַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃

vayetze'-hagvoral-hachamiyshiy-lemateh-veney-'asher-lemishefechvotam

KJV: And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.

AKJV: And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.

ASV: And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.

YLT: And the fifth lot goeth out for the tribe of the sons of Asher, for their families;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:24
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:24

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:24 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:24

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:24

Exposition: Joshua 19:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:25

Hebrew
וַיְהִי גְּבוּלָם חֶלְקַת וַחֲלִי וָבֶטֶן וְאַכְשָֽׁף׃

vayehiy-gevvlam-cheleqat-vachaliy-vaveten-ve'akheshaf

KJV: And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph,

AKJV: And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph,

ASV: And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph,

YLT: and their border is Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:25
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:25

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:25 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:25

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:25

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Helkath
  • Hali
  • Beten
  • Achshaph

Exposition: Joshua 19:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:26

Hebrew
וְאַֽלַמֶּלֶךְ וְעַמְעָד וּמִשְׁאָל וּפָגַע בְּכַרְמֶל הַיָּמָּה וּבְשִׁיחוֹר לִבְנָֽת׃

ve'alamelekhe-ve'ame'ad-vmishe'al-vfaga'-vekharemel-hayamah-vveshiychvor-livenat

KJV: And Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and reacheth to Carmel westward, and to Shihor–libnath;

AKJV: And Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and reaches to Carmel westward, and to Shihorlibnath;

ASV: and Allammelech, and Amad, and Mishal; and it reached to Carmel westward, and to Shihor-libnath;

YLT: and Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and it toucheth against Carmel westward, and against Shihor-Libnath;

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:26
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:26

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 26 Carmel - The vineyard of God; a place greatly celebrated in Scripture, and especially for the miracles of Elijah; see 1 Kings 18:19-40. The mountain of Carmel was so very fruitful as to pass into a proverb. There was another Carmel in the tribe of Judah, (see Jos 15:55), but this, in the tribe of Asher, was situated about one hundred and twenty furlongs south from Ptolemais, on the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Calmet observes that there was, in the time of Vespasian, a temple on this mountain, dedicated to a god of the same name. There was a convent, and a religious order known by the name of Carmelites, established on this mountain in honor of Elijah: the time of the foundation of this order is greatly disputed. Some pretend that it was established by Elijah himself; while others, with more probability, fix it in a.d. 1180 or 1181, under the pontificate of Pope Alexander III.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:26

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Scripture
  • Elijah
  • Judah
  • Asher
  • Ptolemais
  • Mediterranean Sea
  • Vespasian
  • Carmelites

Exposition: Joshua 19:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and reacheth to Carmel westward, and to Shihor–libnath;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:27

Hebrew
וְשָׁב מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בֵּית דָּגֹן וּפָגַע בִּזְבֻלוּן וּבְגֵי יִפְתַּח־אֵל צָפוֹנָה בֵּית הָעֵמֶק וּנְעִיאֵל וְיָצָא אֶל־כָּבוּל מִשְּׂמֹֽאל׃

veshav-mizerach-hashemesh-veyt-dagon-vfaga'-vizevulvn-vvegey-yifetach-'el-tzafvonah-veyt-ha'emeq-vne'iy'el-veyatza'-'el-khavvl-mishemo'l

KJV: And turneth toward the sunrising to Beth–dagon, and reacheth to Zebulun, and to the valley of Jiphthah–el toward the north side of Beth–emek, and Neiel, and goeth out to Cabul on the left hand,

AKJV: And turns toward the sun rise to Bethdagon, and reaches to Zebulun, and to the valley of Jiphthahel toward the north side of Bethemek, and Neiel, and goes out to Cabul on the left hand,

ASV: and it turned toward the sunrising to Beth-dagon, and reached to Zebulun, and to the valley of Iphtah-el northward to Beth-emek and Neiel; and it went out to Cabul on the left hand,

YLT: and hath turned back, at the sun-rising, to Beth-Dagon, and come against Zebulun, and against the valley of Jiphthah-El toward the north of Beth-Emek, and Neiel, and hath gone out unto Cabul on the left,

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:27
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:27

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 27 Cabul on the left hand - That is, to the north of Cabul, for so the left hand, when referring to place, is understood among the Hebrews. We must not confound this town or Cabul with the twenty cities given by Solomon to Hiram, with which he was displeased, and which in contempt he called the land of Cabul, the dirty or paltry land, 1Kgs 9:11-13 : there was evidently a town of this name, widely different from the land so called, long before the time of Solomon, and therefore this cannot be adduced as an argument that the book of Joshua was written after the days of David. The town in question is supposed to be the same which Josephus in his Life calls Χωβουλω Choboulo, and which he says was situated by the sea-side, and nigh to Ptolemais. De Bell. Jud., lib. iii., c. 4.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:27

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • 1Kgs 9:11-13

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Josephus
  • Cabul
  • Hebrews
  • Hiram
  • Solomon
  • David
  • Choboulo
  • Ptolemais
  • De Bell
  • Jud

Exposition: Joshua 19:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And turneth toward the sunrising to Beth–dagon, and reacheth to Zebulun, and to the valley of Jiphthah–el toward the north side of Beth–emek, and Neiel, and goeth out to Cabul on the left hand,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:28

Hebrew
וְעֶבְרֹן וּרְחֹב וְחַמּוֹן וְקָנָה עַד צִידוֹן רַבָּֽה׃

ve'everon-vrechov-vechamvon-veqanah-'ad-tziydvon-ravah

KJV: And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon;

AKJV: And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even to great Zidon;

ASV: and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Sidon;

YLT: and Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, unto great Zidon;

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:28
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:28

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 28 Unto great Zidon - The city of Sidon and the Sidonians are celebrated from the remotest antiquity. They are frequently mentioned by Homer. See the note on Jos 11:8.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:28

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Homer

Exposition: Joshua 19:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:29

Hebrew
וְשָׁב הַגְּבוּל הָֽרָמָה וְעַד־עִיר מִבְצַר־צֹר וְשָׁב הַגְּבוּל חֹסָה ויהיו וְהָיוּ תֹצְאֹתָיו הַיָּמָּה מֵחֶבֶל אַכְזִֽיבָה׃

veshav-hagevvl-haramah-ve'ad-'iyr-mivetzar-tzor-veshav-hagevvl-chosah-vyhyv-vehayv-totze'otayv-hayamah-mechevel-'akheziyvah

KJV: And then the coast turneth to Ramah, and to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turneth to Hosah; and the outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to Achzib:

AKJV: And then the coast turns to Ramah, and to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turns to Hosah; and the outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to Achzib:

ASV: and the border turned to Ramah, and to the fortified city of Tyre; and the border turned to Hosah; and the goings out thereof were at the sea by the region of Achzib;

YLT: and the border hath turned back to Ramah, and unto the fenced city Tyre; and the border hath turned back to Hosah, and its outgoings are at the sea, from the coast to Achzib,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:29
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:29

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:29 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And then the coast turneth to Ramah, and to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turneth to Hosah; and the outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to Achzib:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:29

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:29

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ramah
  • Tyre
  • Hosah
  • Achzib

Exposition: Joshua 19:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And then the coast turneth to Ramah, and to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turneth to Hosah; and the outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to Achzib:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:30

Hebrew
וְעֻמָה וַאֲפֵק וּרְחֹב עָרִים עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

ve'umah-va'afeq-vrechov-'ariym-'esheriym-vshetayim-vechatzereyhen

KJV: Ummah also, and Aphek, and Rehob: twenty and two cities with their villages.

AKJV: Ummah also, and Aphek, and Rehob: twenty and two cities with their villages.

ASV: Ummah also, and Aphek, and Rehob: twenty and two cities with their villages.

YLT: and Ummah, and Aphek, and Rehob; twenty and two cities and their villages.

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:30
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:30

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 30 Twenty and two cities - There are nearly thirty cities in the above enumeration instead of twenty-two, but probably several are mentioned that were but frontier towns, and that did not belong to this tribe, their border only passing by such cities; and on this account, though they are named, yet they do not enter into the enumeration in this place. Perhaps some of the villages are named as well as the cities.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:30

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Joshua 19:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Ummah also, and Aphek, and Rehob: twenty and two cities with their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:31

Hebrew
זֹאת נַחֲלַת מַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁר לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם הֶעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

zo't-nachalat-mateh-veney-'asher-lemishefechotam-he'ariym-ha'eleh-vechatzereyhen

KJV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages.

AKJV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages. ¶

ASV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages.

YLT: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Asher, for their families, these cities and their villages.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:31
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:31

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:31 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:31

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:31

Exposition: Joshua 19:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:32

Hebrew
לִבְנֵי נַפְתָּלִי יָצָא הַגּוֹרָל הַשִּׁשִּׁי לִבְנֵי נַפְתָּלִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃

liveney-nafetaliy-yatza'-hagvoral-hashishiy-liveney-nafetaliy-lemishefechotam

KJV: The sixth lot came out to the children of Naphtali, even for the children of Naphtali according to their families.

AKJV: The sixth lot came out to the children of Naphtali, even for the children of Naphtali according to their families.

ASV: The sixth lot came out for the children of Naphtali, even for the children of Naphtali according to their families.

YLT: For the sons of Naphtali hath the sixth lot gone out, for the sons of Naphtali, for their families;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:32
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:32

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:32 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The sixth lot came out to the children of Naphtali, even for the children of Naphtali according to their families.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:32

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:32

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Naphtali

Exposition: Joshua 19:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The sixth lot came out to the children of Naphtali, even for the children of Naphtali according to their families.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:33

Hebrew
וַיְהִי גְבוּלָם מֵחֵלֶף מֵֽאֵלוֹן בְּצַעֲנַנִּים וַאֲדָמִי הַנֶּקֶב וְיַבְנְאֵל עַד־לַקּוּם וַיְהִי תֹצְאֹתָיו הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃

vayehiy-gevvlam-mechelef-me'elvon-vetza'ananiym-va'adamiy-haneqev-veyavene'el-'ad-laqvm-vayehiy-totze'otayv-hayareden

KJV: And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan:

AKJV: And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, to Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan:

ASV: And their border was from Heleph, from the oak in Zaanannim, and Adami-nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakkum; and the goings out thereof were at the Jordan;

YLT: and their border is from Heleph, from Allon in Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakkum, and its outgoings are at the Jordan;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:33
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:33

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:33 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:33

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:33

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Heleph
  • Zaanannim
  • Adami
  • Nekeb
  • Jabneel
  • Lakum
  • Jordan

Exposition: Joshua 19:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:34

Hebrew
וְשָׁב הַגְּבוּל יָמָּה אַזְנוֹת תָּבוֹר וְיָצָא מִשָּׁם חוּקֹקָה וּפָגַע בִּזְבֻלוּן מִנֶּגֶב וּבְאָשֵׁר פָּגַע מִיָּם וּבִיהוּדָה הַיַּרְדֵּן מִזְרַח הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃

veshav-hagevvl-yamah-'azenvot-tavvor-veyatza'-misham-chvqoqah-vfaga'-vizevulvn-minegev-vve'asher-faga'-miyam-vviyhvdah-hayareden-mizerach-hashamesh

KJV: And then the coast turneth westward to Aznoth–tabor, and goeth out from thence to Hukkok, and reacheth to Zebulun on the south side, and reacheth to Asher on the west side, and to Judah upon Jordan toward the sunrising.

AKJV: And then the coast turns westward to Aznothtabor, and goes out from there to Hukkok, and reaches to Zebulun on the south side, and reaches to Asher on the west side, and to Judah on Jordan toward the sun rise.

ASV: and the border turned westward to Aznoth-tabor, and went out from thence to Hukkok; and it reached to Zebulun on the south, and reached to Asher on the west, and to Judah at the Jordan toward the sunrising.

YLT: and the border hath turned back westward to Aznoth-Tabor, and gone out thence to Hukkok, and touched against Zebulun on the south, and against Asher it hath touched on the west, and against Judah at the Jordan, at the sun-rising;

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:34
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:34

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 34 And to Judah upon Jordan - It is certain that the tribe of Naphtali did not border on the east upon Judah, for there were several tribes betwixt them. Some think that as these two tribes were bounded by Jordan on the east, they might be considered as in some sort conjoined, because of the easy passage to each other by means of the river; but this might be said of several other tribes as well as of these. There is considerable difficulty in the text as it now stands; but if, with the Septuagint, we omit Judah, the difficulty vanishes, and the passage is plain: but this omission is supported by no MS. hitherto discovered. It is however very probable that some change has taken place in the words of the text, וביהודה הירדן ubihudah haiyarden, "and by Judah upon Jordan." Houbigant, who terms them verba sine re ac sententia, "words without sense or meaning," proposes, instead of them, to read ובגדות הירדן ubigdoth haiyarden, "and by the banks of Jordan;" a word which is used Jos 3:15, and which here makes a very good sense.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:34

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Septuagint
  • Judah
  • Jordan
  • Houbigant

Exposition: Joshua 19:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And then the coast turneth westward to Aznoth–tabor, and goeth out from thence to Hukkok, and reacheth to Zebulun on the south side, and reacheth to Asher on the west side, and to Judah upon Jordan toward the sunrising.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:35

Hebrew
וְעָרֵי מִבְצָר הַצִּדִּים צֵר וְחַמַּת רַקַּת וְכִנָּֽרֶת׃

ve'arey-mivetzar-hatzidiym-tzer-vechamat-raqat-vekhinaret

KJV: And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,

AKJV: And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,

ASV: And the fortified cities were Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,

YLT: and the cities of defence are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:35
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:35

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:35 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:35

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:35

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ziddim
  • Zer
  • Hammath
  • Rakkath
  • Chinnereth

Exposition: Joshua 19:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:36

Hebrew
וַאֲדָמָה וְהָרָמָה וְחָצֽוֹר׃

va'adamah-veharamah-vechatzvor

KJV: And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,

AKJV: And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,

ASV: and Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,

YLT: and Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:36
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:36

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:36 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:36

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:36

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Adamah
  • Ramah
  • Hazor

Exposition: Joshua 19:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:37

Hebrew
וְקֶדֶשׁ וְאֶדְרֶעִי וְעֵין חָצֽוֹר׃

veqedesh-ve'edere'iy-ve'eyn-chatzvor

KJV: And Kedesh, and Edrei, and En–hazor,

AKJV: And Kedesh, and Edrei, and Enhazor,

ASV: and Kedesh, and Edrei, and En-hazor,

YLT: and Kedesh, and Edrei, and En-Hazor,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:37
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:37

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:37 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Kedesh, and Edrei, and En–hazor,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:37

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:37

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Kedesh
  • Edrei

Exposition: Joshua 19:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Kedesh, and Edrei, and En–hazor,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:38

Hebrew
וְיִרְאוֹן וּמִגְדַּל־אֵל חֳרֵם וּבֵית־עֲנָת וּבֵית שָׁמֶשׁ עָרִים תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

veyire'von-vmigedal-'el-chorem-vveyt-'anat-vveyt-shamesh-'ariym-tesha'-'eshereh-vechatzereyhen

KJV: And Iron, and Migdal–el, Horem, and Beth–anath, and Beth–shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.

AKJV: And Iron, and Migdalel, Horem, and Bethanath, and Bethshemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.

ASV: and Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.

YLT: and Iron, and Migdal-El, Horem, and Beth-Anath, and Beth-Shemesh; nineteen cities and their villages.

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:38
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:38

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 38 Nineteen cities - But if these cities be separately enumerated they amount to twenty-three; this is probably occasioned by reckoning frontier cities belonging to other tribes, which are only mentioned here as the boundaries of the tribe. See on Jos 19:30 (note).

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:38

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Joshua 19:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Iron, and Migdal–el, Horem, and Beth–anath, and Beth–shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:39

Hebrew
זֹאת נַחֲלַת מַטֵּה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִי לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם הֶעָרִים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

zo't-nachalat-mateh-veney-nafetaliy-lemishefechotam-he'ariym-vechatzereyhen

KJV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Naphtali according to their families, the cities and their villages.

AKJV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Naphtali according to their families, the cities and their villages. ¶

ASV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Naphtali according to their families, the cities with their villages.

YLT: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Naphtali, for their families, the cities and their villages.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:39
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:39

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:39 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Naphtali according to their families, the cities and their villages.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:39

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:39

Exposition: Joshua 19:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Naphtali according to their families, the cities and their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:40

Hebrew
לְמַטֵּה בְנֵי־דָן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם יָצָא הַגּוֹרָל הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃

lemateh-veney-dan-lemishefechotam-yatza'-hagvoral-hasheviy'iy

KJV: And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families.

AKJV: And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families.

ASV: The seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families.

YLT: For the tribe of the sons of Dan, for their families, hath the seventh lot gone out;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:40
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:40

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:40 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:40

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:40

Exposition: Joshua 19:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:41

Hebrew
וַיְהִי גְּבוּל נַחֲלָתָם צָרְעָה וְאֶשְׁתָּאוֹל וְעִיר שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃

vayehiy-gevvl-nachalatam-tzare'ah-ve'esheta'vol-ve'iyr-shamesh

KJV: And the coast of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Ir–shemesh,

AKJV: And the coast of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Irshemesh,

ASV: And the border of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Ir-shemesh,

YLT: and the border of their inheritance is Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Ir-Shemesh,

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:41
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:41

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 41 Zorah, and Eshtaol - See the note on Jos 15:33. Ir-shemesh - The city of sun; another proof of the idolatry of the Canaanites. Some think this was the same as Beth-shemesh.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:41

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Zorah
  • Canaanites

Exposition: Joshua 19:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the coast of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Ir–shemesh,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:42

Hebrew
וְשַֽׁעֲלַבִּין וְאַיָּלוֹן וְיִתְלָֽה׃

vesha'alaviyn-ve'ayalvon-veyitelah

KJV: And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah,

AKJV: And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah,

ASV: and Shaalabbin, and Aijalon, and Ithlah,

YLT: and Shalabbin, and Aijalon, and Jethlah,

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:42
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:42

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 42 Shaalabbin - The foxes. Of this city the Amorites kept constant possession. See Jdg 1:35. Ajalon - There was a place of this name about two miles from Nicopolis or Emmaus, on the road to Jerusalem. - Calmet.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:42

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Emmaus
  • Jerusalem
  • Calmet

Exposition: Joshua 19:42 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:43

Hebrew
וְאֵילוֹן וְתִמְנָתָה וְעֶקְרֽוֹן׃

ve'eylvon-vetimenatah-ve'eqervon

KJV: And Elon, and Thimnathah, and Ekron,

AKJV: And Elon, and Thimnathah, and Ekron,

ASV: and Elon, and Timnah, and Ekron,

YLT: and Elon, and Thimnathah, and Ekron,

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:43
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:43

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 43 Thimnathah - Probably the same as Timnah. See on Jos 15:57 (note). Ekron - A well-known city of the Philistines and the metropolis of one of their five dynasties.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:43

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Timnah

Exposition: Joshua 19:43 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Elon, and Thimnathah, and Ekron,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:44

Hebrew
וְאֶלְתְּקֵה וְגִבְּתוֹן וּבַעֲלָֽת׃

ve'eleteqeh-vegivetvon-vva'alat

KJV: And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath,

AKJV: And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath,

ASV: and Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath,

YLT: and Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:44
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:44

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:44 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:44

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:44

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Eltekeh
  • Gibbethon
  • Baalath

Exposition: Joshua 19:44 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:45

Hebrew
וִיהֻד וּבְנֵֽי־בְרַק וְגַת־רִמּֽוֹן׃

viyhud-vveney-veraq-vegat-rimvon

KJV: And Jehud, and Bene–berak, and Gath–rimmon,

AKJV: And Jehud, and Beneberak, and Gathrimmon,

ASV: and Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon,

YLT: and Jehud, and Bene-Barak, and Gath-Rimmon,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:45
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:45

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:45 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Jehud, and Bene–berak, and Gath–rimmon,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:45

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:45

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • And Jehud

Exposition: Joshua 19:45 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jehud, and Bene–berak, and Gath–rimmon,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:46

Hebrew
וּמֵי הַיַּרְקוֹן וְהָֽרַקּוֹן עִֽם־הַגְּבוּל מוּל יָפֽוֹ׃

vmey-hayareqvon-veharaqvon-'im-hagevvl-mvl-yafvo

KJV: And Me–jarkon, and Rakkon, with the border before Japho.

AKJV: And Mejarkon, and Rakkon, with the border before Japho.

ASV: and Me-jarkon, and Rakkon, with the border over against Joppa.

YLT: and Me-Jarkon, and Rakkon, with the border over-against Japho.

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:46
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:46

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 46 Japho - The place since called Joppa, lying on the Mediterranean, and the chief sea-port, in the possession of the twelve tribes.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:46

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Joppa
  • Mediterranean

Exposition: Joshua 19:46 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Me–jarkon, and Rakkon, with the border before Japho.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:47

Hebrew
וַיֵּצֵא גְבוּל־בְּנֵי־דָן מֵהֶם וַיַּעֲלוּ בְנֵֽי־דָן וַיִּלָּחֲמוּ עִם־לֶשֶׁם וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אוֹתָהּ ׀ וַיַּכּוּ אוֹתָהּ לְפִי־חֶרֶב וַיִּֽרְשׁוּ אוֹתָהּ וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בָהּ וַיִּקְרְאוּ לְלֶשֶׁם דָּן כְּשֵׁם דָּן אֲבִיהֶֽם׃

vayetze'-gevvl-veney-dan-mehem-vaya'alv-veney-dan-vayilachamv-'im-leshem-vayilekhedv-'votah- -vayakhv-'votah-lefiy-cherev-vayireshv-'votah-vayeshevv-vah-vayiqere'v-leleshem-dan-kheshem-dan-'aviyhem

KJV: And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father.

AKJV: And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelled therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father.

ASV: And the border of the children of Dan went out beyond them; for the children of Dan went up and fought against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father.

YLT: And the border of the sons of Dan goeth out from them, and the sons of Dan go up and fight with Leshem, and capture it, and smite it by the mouth of the sword, and possess it, and dwell in it, and call Leshem, Dan, according to the name of Dan their father.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:47
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:47

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:47 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:47

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:47

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Leshem
  • Dan

Exposition: Joshua 19:47 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt there...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:48

Hebrew
זֹאת נַחֲלַת מַטֵּה בְנֵי־דָן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם הֶֽעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

zo't-nachalat-mateh-veney-dan-lemishefechotam-he'ariym-ha'eleh-vechatzereyhen

KJV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages.

AKJV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages. ¶

ASV: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages.

YLT: This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Dan, for their families, these cities and their villages.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:48
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:48

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:48 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:48

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:48

Exposition: Joshua 19:48 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:49

Hebrew
וַיְכַלּוּ לִנְחֹל־אֶת־הָאָרֶץ לִגְבֽוּלֹתֶיהָ וַיִּתְּנוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל נַחֲלָה לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן בְּתוֹכָֽם׃

vayekhalv-linechol-'et-ha'aretz-ligevvloteyha-vayitenv-veney-yishera'el-nachalah-liyhvoshu'a-vin-nvn-vetvokham

KJV: When they had made an end of dividing the land for inheritance by their coasts, the children of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun among them:

AKJV: When they had made an end of dividing the land for inheritance by their coasts, the children of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun among them:

ASV: So they made an end of distributing the land for inheritance by the borders thereof; and the children of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun in the midst of them:

YLT: And they finish to give the land in inheritance, by its borders, and the sons of Israel give an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun in their midst;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 19:49
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Joshua 19:49

Generated editorial synthesis

Joshua 19:49 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'When they had made an end of dividing the land for inheritance by their coasts, the children of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun among them:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:49

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Joshua 19:49

Exposition: Joshua 19:49 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When they had made an end of dividing the land for inheritance by their coasts, the children of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun among them:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:50

Hebrew
עַל־פִּי יְהוָה נָתְנוּ לוֹ אֶת־הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר שָׁאָל אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶרַח בְּהַר אֶפְרָיִם וַיִּבְנֶה אֶת־הָעִיר וַיֵּשֶׁב בָּֽהּ׃

'al-fiy-yehvah-natenv-lvo-'et-ha'iyr-'asher-sha'al-'et-timenat-serach-vehar-'eferayim-vayiveneh-'et-ha'iyr-vayeshev-vah

KJV: According to the word of the LORD they gave him the city which he asked, even Timnath–serah in mount Ephraim: and he built the city, and dwelt therein.

AKJV: According to the word of the LORD they gave him the city which he asked, even Timnathserah in mount Ephraim: and he built the city, and dwelled therein.

ASV: according to the commandment of Jehovah they gave him the city which he asked, even Timnath-serah in the hill-country of Ephraim; and he built the city, and dwelt therein.

YLT: by the command of Jehovah they have given to him the city which he asked, Timnath-Serah, in the hill-country of Ephraim, and he buildeth the city and dwelleth in it.

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:50
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:50

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 50 Timnath-serah - Called Timnath-heres in Jdg 2:9, where we find that the mountain on which it was built was called Gaash. It is generally allowed to have been a barren spot in a barren country.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:50

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Gaash

Exposition: Joshua 19:50 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'According to the word of the LORD they gave him the city which he asked, even Timnath–serah in mount Ephraim: and he built the city, and dwelt therein.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Joshua 19:51

Hebrew
אֵלֶּה הַנְּחָלֹת אֲשֶׁר נִחֲלוּ אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן ׀ וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן וְרָאשֵׁי הָֽאָבוֹת לְמַטּוֹת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל ׀ בְּגוֹרָל ׀ בְּשִׁלֹה לִפְנֵי יְהוָה פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וַיְכַלּוּ מֵֽחַלֵּק אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

'eleh-hanechalot-'asher-nichalv-'ele'azar-hakhohen- -viyhvoshu'a-vin-nvn-vera'shey-ha'avvot-lematvot-veney-yishera'el- -vegvoral- -veshiloh-lifeney-yehvah-fetach-'ohel-mvo'ed-vayekhalv-mechaleq-'et-ha'aretz

KJV: These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, divided for an inheritance by lot in Shiloh before the LORD, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. So they made an end of dividing the country.

AKJV: These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, divided for an inheritance by lot in Shiloh before the LORD, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. So they made an end of dividing the country.

ASV: These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers’housesof the tribes of the children of Israel, distributed for inheritance by lot in Shiloh before Jehovah, at the door of the tent of meeting. So they made an end of dividing the land.

YLT: These are the inheritances which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the sons of Israel, have caused to inherit by lot, in Shiloh, before Jehovah, at the opening of the tent of meeting; and they finish to apportion the land.

Commentary WitnessJoshua 19:51
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Joshua 19:51

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 51 At the door of the tabernacle - All the inheritances were determined by lot, and this was cast before the Lord - every thing was done in his immediate presence, as under his eye; hence there was no murmuring, each having received his inheritance as from the hand of God himself, though some of them thought they must have additional territory, because of the great increase of their families.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Joshua 19:51

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Joshua 19:51 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, divided for an inheritance by lot in Shiloh before the LORD, at th...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.

Scholarly apparatus

Commentary citation index

This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.

Direct commentary witnesses

17

Generated editorial witnesses

34

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Canonical references surfaced in commentary

  • Gen 34:25-31
  • Gen 49:7
  • Joshua 19:1
  • Joshua 19:2
  • Joshua 19:3
  • Joshua 19:4
  • Joshua 19:5
  • Joshua 19:6
  • Joshua 19:7
  • Joshua 19:8
  • Joshua 19:9
  • Joshua 19:10
  • Joshua 19:11
  • Joshua 19:12
  • Joshua 19:13
  • Joshua 19:14
  • Joshua 19:15
  • Joshua 19:16
  • Gen 49:13
  • Gen 49:14
  • Joshua 19:17
  • 2Kgs 4:8
  • 1Sam 28:4
  • 1Sam 31:1
  • Joshua 19:18
  • Joshua 19:19
  • Joshua 19:20
  • Joshua 19:21
  • Joshua 19:22
  • Joshua 19:23
  • Joshua 19:24
  • Joshua 19:25
  • Joshua 19:26
  • 1Kgs 9:11-13
  • Joshua 19:27
  • Joshua 19:28
  • Joshua 19:29
  • Joshua 19:30
  • Joshua 19:31
  • Joshua 19:32
  • Joshua 19:33
  • Joshua 19:34
  • Joshua 19:35
  • Joshua 19:36
  • Joshua 19:37
  • Joshua 19:38
  • Joshua 19:39
  • Joshua 19:40
  • Joshua 19:41
  • Joshua 19:42
  • Joshua 19:43
  • Joshua 19:44
  • Joshua 19:45
  • Joshua 19:46
  • Joshua 19:47
  • Joshua 19:48
  • Joshua 19:49
  • Joshua 19:50
  • Joshua 19:51

Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary

  • Ovid
  • Simeon
  • Of Zebulun
  • Of Issachar
  • Of Asher
  • Of Naphtali
  • Of Dan
  • Levi
  • Shechemites
  • Jacob
  • Israel
  • Palestine
  • Judah
  • Sheba
  • Moladah
  • Balah
  • Azem
  • And Eltolad
  • Bethul
  • Hormah
  • And Ziklag
  • Sharuhen
  • Ain
  • Remmon
  • Ether
  • Ashan
  • Sarid
  • Maralah
  • Dabbasheth
  • Jokneam
  • Daberath
  • Japhia
  • Neah
  • Hannathon
  • Jonathan
  • Calmet
  • Gilboa
  • Hermon
  • Elisha
  • Abinadab
  • And Hapharaim
  • Shion
  • Anaharath
  • And Rabbith
  • Kishion
  • Abez
  • And Remeth
  • Helkath
  • Hali
  • Beten
  • Achshaph
  • Scripture
  • Elijah
  • Asher
  • Ptolemais
  • Mediterranean Sea
  • Vespasian
  • Carmelites
  • Josephus
  • Cabul
  • Hebrews
  • Hiram
  • Solomon
  • David
  • Choboulo
  • De Bell
  • Jud
  • Homer
  • Ramah
  • Tyre
  • Hosah
  • Achzib
  • Naphtali
  • Heleph
  • Zaanannim
  • Adami
  • Nekeb
  • Jabneel
  • Lakum
  • Jordan
  • Septuagint
  • Houbigant
  • Ziddim
  • Zer
  • Hammath
  • Rakkath
  • Chinnereth
  • And Adamah
  • Hazor
  • And Kedesh
  • Edrei
  • Zorah
  • Canaanites
  • Emmaus
  • Jerusalem
  • Timnah
  • And Eltekeh
  • Gibbethon
  • Baalath
  • And Jehud
  • Joppa
  • Mediterranean
  • Leshem
  • Dan
  • Gaash
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Rendered chapters 1–50 are mapped to the public reader path for Genesis. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 50 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Genesis

Open Genesis

Old Testament Law

Exodus

Rendered chapters 1–40 are mapped to the public reader path for Exodus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 40 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Exodus

Open Exodus

Old Testament Law

Leviticus

Rendered chapters 1–27 are mapped to the public reader path for Leviticus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 27 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Leviticus

Open Leviticus

Old Testament Law

Numbers

Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for Numbers. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 36 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Numbers

Open Numbers

Old Testament Law

Deuteronomy

Rendered chapters 1–34 are mapped to the public reader path for Deuteronomy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 34 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Deuteronomy

Open Deuteronomy

Old Testament History

Joshua

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Joshua. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joshua

Open Joshua

Old Testament History

Judges

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for Judges. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Judges

Open Judges

Old Testament History

Ruth

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Ruth. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ruth

Open Ruth

Old Testament History

1 Samuel

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Samuel

Open 1 Samuel

Old Testament History

2 Samuel

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Samuel

Open 2 Samuel

Old Testament History

1 Kings

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Kings

Open 1 Kings

Old Testament History

2 Kings

Rendered chapters 1–25 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 25 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Kings

Open 2 Kings

Old Testament History

1 Chronicles

Rendered chapters 1–29 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 29 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Chronicles

Open 1 Chronicles

Old Testament History

2 Chronicles

Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 36 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Chronicles

Open 2 Chronicles

Old Testament History

Ezra

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezra

Open Ezra

Old Testament History

Nehemiah

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nehemiah

Open Nehemiah

Old Testament History

Esther

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Esther

Open Esther

Old Testament Wisdom

Job

Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 42 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Job

Open Job

Old Testament Wisdom

Psalms

Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 150 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Psalms

Open Psalms

Old Testament Wisdom

Proverbs

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Proverbs

Open Proverbs

Old Testament Wisdom

Ecclesiastes

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ecclesiastes

Open Ecclesiastes

Old Testament Wisdom

Song of Solomon

Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 8 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Song of Solomon

Open Song of Solomon

Old Testament Prophets

Isaiah

Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 66 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Isaiah

Open Isaiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jeremiah

Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 52 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jeremiah

Open Jeremiah

Old Testament Prophets

Lamentations

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Lamentations

Open Lamentations

Old Testament Prophets

Ezekiel

Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 48 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezekiel

Open Ezekiel

Old Testament Prophets

Daniel

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Daniel

Open Daniel

Old Testament Prophets

Hosea

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hosea

Open Hosea

Old Testament Prophets

Joel

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joel

Open Joel

Old Testament Prophets

Amos

Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 9 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Amos

Open Amos

Old Testament Prophets

Obadiah

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Obadiah

Open Obadiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jonah

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jonah

Open Jonah

Old Testament Prophets

Micah

Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 7 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Micah

Open Micah

Old Testament Prophets

Nahum

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nahum

Open Nahum

Old Testament Prophets

Habakkuk

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Habakkuk

Open Habakkuk

Old Testament Prophets

Zephaniah

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zephaniah

Open Zephaniah

Old Testament Prophets

Haggai

Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 2 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Haggai

Open Haggai

Old Testament Prophets

Zechariah

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zechariah

Open Zechariah

Old Testament Prophets

Malachi

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Malachi

Open Malachi

New Testament Gospels

Matthew

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Matthew

Open Matthew

New Testament Gospels

Mark

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Mark

Open Mark

New Testament Gospels

Luke

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Luke

Open Luke

New Testament Gospels

John

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for John

Open John

New Testament History

Acts

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Acts

Open Acts

New Testament Letters

Romans

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Romans

Open Romans

New Testament Letters

1 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Corinthians

Open 1 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

2 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Corinthians

Open 2 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

Galatians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Galatians

Open Galatians

New Testament Letters

Ephesians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ephesians

Open Ephesians

New Testament Letters

Philippians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philippians

Open Philippians

New Testament Letters

Colossians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Colossians

Open Colossians

New Testament Letters

1 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Thessalonians

Open 1 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

2 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Thessalonians

Open 2 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

1 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Timothy

Open 1 Timothy

New Testament Letters

2 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Timothy

Open 2 Timothy

New Testament Letters

Titus

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Titus

Open Titus

New Testament Letters

Philemon

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philemon

Open Philemon

New Testament Letters

Hebrews

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hebrews

Open Hebrews

New Testament Letters

James

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for James

Open James

New Testament Letters

1 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Peter

Open 1 Peter

New Testament Letters

2 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Peter

Open 2 Peter

New Testament Letters

1 John

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 John

Open 1 John

New Testament Letters

2 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 John

Open 2 John

New Testament Letters

3 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 3 John

Open 3 John

New Testament Letters

Jude

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jude

Open Jude

New Testament Apocalypse

Revelation

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Revelation

Open Revelation

What this explorer shows today

The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.

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