Apologetics Bible
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Joshua documents the conquest and settlement of Canaan under Joshua ben Nun (c. 1406-1380 BC on the early date, c. 1220-1200 BC on the late date). Archaeological evidence — including the Jericho debate (Kathleen Kenyon vs. Bryant Wood), the Hazor stratum, and the Amarna letters referencing 'Habiru' incursions — informs ongoing historical reassessment.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Joshua_4
- Primary Witness Text: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying, Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man, And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where ye shall lodge this night. Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man: And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel: That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones? Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever. And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there. And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Joshua_4
- Chapter Blob Preview: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying, Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man, And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the l...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Joshua documents the conquest and settlement of Canaan under Joshua ben Nun (c. 1406-1380 BC on the early date, c. 1220-1200 BC on the late date). Archaeological evidence — including the Jericho debate (Kathleen Kenyon vs. Bryant Wood), the Hazor stratum, and the Amarna letters referencing 'Habiru' incursions — informs ongoing historical reassessment.
Theologically, Joshua typifies Christ: the Hebrew name Yehoshua is the same name as Jesus (Iēsous in LXX), and the rest that Joshua gave anticipated the greater rest of Hebrews 4. The Rahab narrative introduces the scarlet cord as a sign of redemption — a type richly explored in later typological interpretation.
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Joshua 4:1
Hebrew
וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּמּוּ כָל־הַגּוֹי לַעֲבוֹר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לֵאמֹֽר׃vayehiy-kha'asher-tamv-khal-hagvoy-la'avvor-'et-hayareden-vayo'mer-yehvah-'el-yehvoshu'a-le'mor
KJV: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,
AKJV: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spoke to Joshua, saying,
ASV: And it came to pass, when all the nation were clean passed over the Jordan, that Jehovah spake unto Joshua, saying,
YLT: And it cometh to pass, when all the nation hath completed to pass over the Jordan, that Jehovah speaketh unto Joshua, saying,
Exposition: Joshua 4:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:2
Hebrew
קְחוּ לָכֶם מִן־הָעָם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר אֲנָשִׁים אִישׁ־אֶחָד אִישׁ־אֶחָד מִשָּֽׁבֶט׃qechv-lakhem-min-ha'am-sheneym-'ashar-'anashiym-'iysh-'echad-'iysh-'echad-mishavet
KJV: Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,
AKJV: Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,
ASV: Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,
YLT: `Take for you out of the people twelve men, one man--one man out of a tribe;
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:2
Verse 2 Take you twelve men - From Jos 3:12, it appears that the twelve men had been before appointed, one taken out of each of the twelve tribes; and now they are employed for that purpose for which they had been before selected.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Joshua 4:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:3
Hebrew
וְצַוּוּ אוֹתָם לֵאמֹר שְׂאֽוּ־לָכֶם מִזֶּה מִתּוֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן מִמַּצַּב רַגְלֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים הָכִין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵה אֲבָנִים וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּם אוֹתָם עִמָּכֶם וְהִנַּחְתֶּם אוֹתָם בַּמָּלוֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִינוּ בוֹ הַלָּֽיְלָה׃vetzavv-'votam-le'mor-she'v-lakhem-mizeh-mitvokhe-hayareden-mimatzav-rageley-hakhohaniym-hakhiyn-sheteym-'eshereh-'avaniym-veha'avaretem-'votam-'imakhem-vehinachetem-'votam-vamalvon-'asher-taliynv-vvo-halayelah
KJV: And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where ye shall lodge this night.
AKJV: And command you them, saying, Take you hence out of the middle of Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and you shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where you shall lodge this night.
ASV: and command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of the Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and carry them over with you, and lay them down in the lodging-place, where ye shall lodge this night.
YLT: and command ye them, saying, Take up for you from this place , from the midst of the Jordan, from the established standing-place of the feet of the priests, twelve stones, and ye have removed them over with you, and placed them in the lodging-place in which ye lodge to-night.'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:3Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:3
Joshua 4:3 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where ye shall lodge this night.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:3
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jordan
Exposition: Joshua 4:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, w...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:4
Hebrew
וַיִּקְרָא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶל־שְׁנֵים הֶֽעָשָׂר אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הֵכִין מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ־אֶחָד אִישׁ־אֶחָד מִשָּֽׁבֶט׃vayiqera'-yehvoshu'a-'el-sheneym-he'ashar-'iysh-'asher-hekhiyn-miveney-yishera'el-'iysh-'echad-'iysh-'echad-mishavet
KJV: Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:
AKJV: Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:
ASV: Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:
YLT: And Joshua calleth unto the twelve men whom he prepared out of the sons of Israel, one man--one man out of a tribe;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:4Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:4
Joshua 4:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:4
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Israel
Exposition: Joshua 4:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:5
Hebrew
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ עִבְרוּ לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן יְהוָה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן וְהָרִימוּ לָכֶם אִישׁ אֶבֶן אַחַת עַל־שִׁכְמוֹ לְמִסְפַּר שִׁבְטֵי בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃vayo'mer-lahem-yehvoshu'a-'iverv-lifeney-'arvon-yehvah-'eloheykhem-'el-tvokhe-hayareden-vehariymv-lakhem-'iysh-'even-'achat-'al-shikhemvo-lemisefar-shivetey-veney-yishera'el
KJV: And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel:
AKJV: And Joshua said to them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the middle of Jordan, and take you up every man of you a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel:
ASV: and Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of Jehovah your God into the midst of the Jordan, and take you up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel;
YLT: and Joshua saith to them, `Pass over before the ark of Jehovah your God unto the midst of the Jordan and lift up for you each, one stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:5Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:5
Joshua 4:5 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:5
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jordan
- Israel
Exposition: Joshua 4:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:6
Hebrew
לְמַעַן תִּֽהְיֶה זֹאת אוֹת בְּקִרְבְּכֶם כִּֽי־יִשְׁאָלוּן בְּנֵיכֶם מָחָר לֵאמֹר מָה הָאֲבָנִים הָאֵלֶּה לָכֶֽם׃lema'an-tiheyeh-zo't-'vot-veqirevekhem-khiy-yishe'alvn-veneykhem-machar-le'mor-mah-ha'avaniym-ha'eleh-lakhem
KJV: That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?
AKJV: That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean you by these stones?
ASV: that this may be a sign among you, that, when your children ask in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?
YLT: so that this is a sign in your midst, when your children ask hereafter, saying, What are these stones to you?
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:6
Verse 6 This may be a sign - Stand as a continual memorial of this miraculous passage, and consequently a proof of their lasting obligation to God.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Joshua 4:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:7
Hebrew
וַאֲמַרְתֶּם לָהֶם אֲשֶׁר נִכְרְתוּ מֵימֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן מִפְּנֵי אֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה בְּעָבְרוֹ בַּיַּרְדֵּן נִכְרְתוּ מֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן וְהָיוּ הָאֲבָנִים הָאֵלֶּה לְזִכָּרוֹן לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃va'amaretem-lahem-'asher-nikheretv-meymey-hayareden-mifeney-'arvon-veriyt-yehvah-ve'avervo-vayareden-nikheretv-mey-hayareden-vehayv-ha'avaniym-ha'eleh-lezikharvon-liveney-yishera'el-'ad-'volam
KJV: Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.
AKJV: Then you shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial to the children of Israel for ever.
ASV: then ye shall say unto them, Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Jehovah; when it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.
YLT: that ye have said to them, Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off, at the presence of the ark of the covenant of Jehovah; in its passing over into the Jordan were the waters of the Jordan cut off; and these stones have been for a memorial to the sons of Israel--to the age.'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:7Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:7
Joshua 4:7 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:7
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jordan
Exposition: Joshua 4:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unt...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:8
Hebrew
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵן בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַיִּשְׂאוּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵה אֲבָנִים מִתּוֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהוָה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְמִסְפַּר שִׁבְטֵי בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעֲבִרוּם עִמָּם אֶל־הַמָּלוֹן וַיַּנִּחוּם שָֽׁם׃vaya'ashv-khen-veney-yishera'el-kha'asher-tzivah-yehvoshu'a-vayishe'v-shetey-'eshereh-'avaniym-mitvokhe-hayareden-kha'asher-diver-yehvah-'el-yehvoshu'a-lemisefar-shivetey-veney-yishera'el-vaya'avirvm-'imam-'el-hamalvon-vayanichvm-sham
KJV: And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.
AKJV: And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the middle of Jordan, as the LORD spoke to Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them to the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.
ASV: And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as Jehovah spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.
YLT: And the sons of Israel do so as Joshua commanded, and take up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as Jehovah hath spoken unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel, and remove them over with them unto the lodging-place, and place them there,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:8Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:8
Joshua 4:8 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:8
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jordan
- Joshua
- Israel
Exposition: Joshua 4:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:9
Hebrew
וּשְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אֲבָנִים הֵקִים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּתוֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן תַּחַת מַצַּב רַגְלֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים נֹשְׂאֵי אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית וַיִּהְיוּ שָׁם עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּֽה׃vsheteym-'eshereh-'avaniym-heqiym-yehvoshu'a-vetvokhe-hayareden-tachat-matzav-rageley-hakhohaniym-noshe'ey-'arvon-haveriyt-vayiheyv-sham-'ad-hayvom-hazeh
KJV: And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day.
AKJV: And Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bore the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there to this day. ¶
ASV: And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests that bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day.
YLT: even the twelve stones hath Joshua raised up out of the midst of the Jordan, the place of the standing of the feet of the priests bearing the ark of the covenant, and they are there unto this day.
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:9
Verse 9 And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan - It seems from this chapter that there were two sets of stones erected as a memorial of this great event; twelve at Gilgal, Jos 4:20 and twelve in the bed of Jordan, Jos 4:9. The twelve stones in the bed of Jordan might have been so placed on a base of strong stone-work so high as always to be visible, and serve to mark the very spot where the priests stood with the ark. The twelve stones set up at Gilgal would stand as a monument of the place of the first encampment after this miraculous passage. Though this appears to me to be the meaning of this place, yet Dr. Kennicott's criticism here should not be passed by. "It is well known," says he, "that when Joshua led the Israelites over Jordan, he was commanded to take twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, to be a memorial that the ground in the very midst of that river had been made dry. But where was this memorial to be set up? The ninth verse says; Joshua set up these stones In the midst of Jordan. But is it likely that the stones should be placed or set down where they were taken up; and that the memorial should be erected there where, when the river was again united, it would be concealed, and of course could be no memorial at all? This however flatly contradicts the rest of the chapter, which says these stones were pitched in Gilgal, where Israel lodged in Canaan for the first time. The solution of this difficulty is, that בתוך bethoch In the midst, should be here מתוך mittoch, From the midst, as in Jos 4:3, Jos 4:8, Jos 4:20, and as the word is here also in the Syrian version. The true rendering therefore is, And Joshua set up the twelve stones (taken) From the midst of Jordan," etc. I confess I see no need for this criticism, which is not supported by a single MS. either in his own or De Rossi's collection, though they amount to four hundred and ninety-four in number. Twelve stones might be gathered in different parts of the bed of the Jordan, and be set up as a pillar in another, and be a continual visible memorial of this grand event. And if twelve were set up in Gilgal as a memorial of their first encampment in Canaan, it is still more likely that twelve would be set up in the bed of the river to show where it had been divided, and the place where the whole Israelitish host had passed over dry-shod. The reader may follow the opinion he judges most likely.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Gilgal
- Jordan
- Dr
- Canaan
Exposition: Joshua 4:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:10
Hebrew
וְהַכֹּהֲנִים נֹשְׂאֵי הָאָרוֹן עֹמְדִים בְּתוֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן עַד תֹּם כָּֽל־הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְדַבֵּר אֶל־הָעָם כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה מֹשֶׁה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַיְמַהֲרוּ הָעָם וֽ͏ַיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ׃vehakhohaniym-noshe'ey-ha'arvon-'omediym-vetvokhe-hayareden-'ad-tom-khal-hadavar-'asher-tzivah-yehvah-'et-yehvoshu'a-ledaver-'el-ha'am-khekhol-'asher-tzivah-mosheh-'et-yehvoshu'a-vayemaharv-ha'am-vaya'avorv
KJV: For the priests which bare the ark stood in the midst of Jordan, until every thing was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hasted and passed over.
AKJV: For the priests which bore the ark stood in the middle of Jordan, until everything was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak to the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hurried and passed over.
ASV: For the priests that bare the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan, until everything was finished that Jehovah commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hasted and passed over.
YLT: And the priests bearing the ark are standing in the midst of the Jordan till the completion of the whole thing which Jehovah commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua, and the people haste and pass over.
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:10
Verse 10 And the people hasted and passed over - How very natural is this circumstance! The people seeing the waters divided, and Jordan running back, might be apprehensive that it would soon resume its wonted course; and this would naturally lead them to hasten to get over, with as much speed as possible. The circumstance itself thus marked is a proof that the relater was an eyewitness of this miraculous passage.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Joshua 4:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For the priests which bare the ark stood in the midst of Jordan, until every thing was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people has...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:11
Hebrew
וַיְהִי כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁר־תַּם כָּל־הָעָם לֽ͏ַעֲבוֹר וַיַּעֲבֹר אֲרוֹן־יְהוָה וְהַכֹּהֲנִים לִפְנֵי הָעָֽם׃vayehiy-kha'asher-tam-khal-ha'am-la'avvor-vaya'avor-'arvon-yehvah-vehakhohaniym-lifeney-ha'am
KJV: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people.
AKJV: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people.
ASV: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of Jehovah passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people.
YLT: And it cometh to pass when all the people have completed to pass over, that the ark of Jehovah passeth over, and the priests, in the presence of the people;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:11Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:11
Joshua 4:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:11
Exposition: Joshua 4:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:12
Hebrew
וַיַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵן וּבְנֵי־גָד וַחֲצִי שֵׁבֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה חֲמֻשִׁים לִפְנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אֲלֵיהֶם מֹשֶֽׁה׃vaya'averv-veney-re'vven-vveney-gad-vachatziy-shevet-hamenasheh-chamushiym-lifeney-veney-yishera'el-kha'asher-diver-'aleyhem-mosheh
KJV: And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spake unto them:
AKJV: And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spoke to them:
ASV: And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spake unto them:
YLT: and the sons of Reuben, and the sons of Gad, and the half of the tribe of Manasseh, pass over, by fifties, before the sons of Israel, as Moses had spoken unto them;
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:12Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:12
Verse 12 The children of Reuben, and - Gad - Concerning the numbers of these tribes that stayed behind to take care of the women, children, and cattle, and which amounted to 70,580 men, see the note on Num 32:17. Passed over armed - See the note on Jos 1:14.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Num 32:17
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Reuben
Exposition: Joshua 4:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spake unto them:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:13
Hebrew
כְּאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף חֲלוּצֵי הַצָּבָא עָבְרוּ לִפְנֵי יְהוָה לַמִּלְחָמָה אֶל עַֽרְבוֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃khe'areva'iym-'elef-chalvtzey-hatzava'-'averv-lifeney-yehvah-lamilechamah-'el-'arevvot-yeriychvo
KJV: About forty thousand prepared for war passed over before the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.
AKJV: About forty thousand prepared for war passed over before the LORD to battle, to the plains of Jericho. ¶
ASV: about forty thousand ready armed for war passed over before Jehovah unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.
YLT: about forty thousand, armed ones of the host, passed over before Jehovah for battle, unto the plains of Jericho.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:13Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:13
Joshua 4:13 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'About forty thousand prepared for war passed over before the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:13
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jericho
Exposition: Joshua 4:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'About forty thousand prepared for war passed over before the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:14
Hebrew
בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא גִּדַּל יְהוָה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּעֵינֵי כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּֽרְאוּ אֹתוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרְאוּ אֶת־מֹשֶׁה כָּל־יְמֵי חַיָּֽיו׃vayvom-hahv'-gidal-yehvah-'et-yehvoshu'a-ve'eyney-khal-yishera'el-vayire'v-'otvo-kha'asher-yare'v-'et-mosheh-khal-yemey-chayayv
KJV: On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.
AKJV: On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.
ASV: On that day Jehovah magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.
YLT: On that day hath Jehovah made Joshua great in the eyes of all Israel, and they reverence him, as they reverenced Moses, all days of his life.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:14
Joshua 4:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:14
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Moses
- Israel
Exposition: Joshua 4:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:15
Hebrew
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לֵאמֹֽר׃vayo'mer-yehvah-'el-yehvoshu'a-le'mor
KJV: And the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,
AKJV: And the LORD spoke to Joshua, saying,
ASV: And Jehovah spake unto Joshua, saying,
YLT: And Jehovah speaketh unto Joshua, saying,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:15Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:15
Joshua 4:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:15
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Joshua
Exposition: Joshua 4:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:16
Hebrew
צַוֵּה אֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִים נֹשְׂאֵי אֲרוֹן הָעֵדוּת וְיַעֲלוּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃tzaveh-'et-hakhohaniym-noshe'ey-'arvon-ha'edvt-veya'alv-min-hayareden
KJV: Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of Jordan.
AKJV: Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of Jordan.
ASV: Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of the Jordan.
YLT: `Command the priests bearing the ark of the testimony, and they come up out of the Jordan.'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:16Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:16
Joshua 4:16 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of Jordan.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:16
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jordan
Exposition: Joshua 4:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of Jordan.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:17
Hebrew
וַיְצַו יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִים לֵאמֹר עֲלוּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃vayetzav-yehvoshu'a-'et-hakhohaniym-le'mor-'alv-min-hayareden
KJV: Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of Jordan.
AKJV: Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come you up out of Jordan.
ASV: Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of the Jordan.
YLT: And Joshua commandeth the priests, saying, `Come ye up out of the Jordan.'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:17Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:17
Joshua 4:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of Jordan.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:17
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jordan
Exposition: Joshua 4:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of Jordan.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:18
Hebrew
וַיְהִי בעלות כַּעֲלוֹת הַכֹּהֲנִים נֹשְׂאֵי אֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה מִתּוֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן נִתְּקוּ כַּפּוֹת רַגְלֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים אֶל הֶחָרָבָה וַיָּשֻׁבוּ מֵֽי־הַיַּרְדֵּן לִמְקוֹמָם וַיֵּלְכוּ כִתְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁוֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃vayehiy-v'lvt-kha'alvot-hakhohaniym-noshe'ey-'arvon-veriyt-yehvah-mitvokhe-hayareden-niteqv-khafvot-rageley-hakhohaniym-'el-hecharavah-vayashuvv-mey-hayareden-limeqvomam-vayelekhv-khitemvol-shileshvom-'al-khal-gedvotayv
KJV: And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD were come up out of the midst of Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet were lifted up unto the dry land, that the waters of Jordan returned unto their place, and flowed over all his banks, as they did before.
AKJV: And it came to pass, when the priests that bore the ark of the covenant of the LORD were come up out of the middle of Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet were lifted up to the dry land, that the waters of Jordan returned to their place, and flowed over all his banks, as they did before. ¶
ASV: And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of Jehovah were come up out of the midst of the Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet were lifted up unto the dry ground, that the waters of the Jordan returned unto their place, and went over all its banks, as aforetime.
YLT: And it cometh to pass, in the coming up of the priests bearing the ark of the covenant of Jehovah out of the midst of the Jordan--the soles of the feet of the priests have been drawn up into the dry ground--and the waters of the Jordan turn back to their place, and go as heretofore over all its banks.
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:18
Verse 18 The waters of Jordan returned unto their place - It is particularly remarked by the sacred historian, that as soon as the soles of the priests' feet touched the water, the stream of the Jordan was cut off, Jos 3:15, and the course of the river continued to be inverted all the time they continued in its channel; and that as soon as the soles of their feet had touched the dry land, on their return from the bed of the river, the waters immediately resumed their natural course. All this was done by the sovereign influence of that God whose presence was represented by the ark of the covenant.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Joshua 4:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD were come up out of the midst of Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet were lifted up unto the dry land, that the waters of Jord...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:19
Hebrew
וְהָעָם עָלוּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּן בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ בַּגִּלְגָּל בִּקְצֵה מִזְרַח יְרִיחֽוֹ׃veha'am-'alv-min-hayareden-ve'ashvor-lachodesh-hari'shvon-vayachanv-vagilegal-viqetzeh-mizerach-yeriychvo
KJV: And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho.
AKJV: And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho.
ASV: And the people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, on the east border of Jericho.
YLT: And the people have come up out of the Jordan on the tenth of the first month, and encamp in Gilgal, in the extremity east of Jericho;
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:19
Verse 19 On the tenth day of the first month - As the Israelites left Egypt on the fifteenth day of the first month, A.M. 2513, (see Exodus 14:1-31), and they entered into Canaan the tenth of the first month, A.M. 2553, it is evident that forty years, wanting five days, had elapsed from the time of their exodus from Egypt to their entrance into the promised inheritance. Encamped in Gilgal - That is, in the place that was afterwards called Gilgal, see Jos 5:9; for here the name is given it by anticipation. In Hebrew, גל gal signifies to roll; and the doubling of the root, גלגל galgal or gilgal, signifies rolling round and round, or rolling off or away, because, in circumcising the children that had been born in the wilderness, Joshua rolled away, rolled off completely, the reproach of the people. From this time Gilgal became a place of considerable eminence in the sacred history. 1. It was the place where the Israelitish camp rested the first night of their entering into that land which had been promised to their fathers from the days of Abraham. 2. It was the place in which Joshua circumcised all the people who had been born in the wilderness, during the forty years of their wandering, after they left Egypt. 3. It was the place in which Joshua had what we might term his fortified camp, and to which he and his army constantly returned after each of their expeditions against the inhabitants of the land. 4. It appears to have been the place where all the women, children, cattle, and goods, etc., were lodged, probably during the whole of the Canaanitish war. 5. It was the place where they celebrated the first passover they kept in the promised land. 6. It was the place where Saul, the first king of Israel, was proclaimed. 7. There the manna ceased to fall. And, 8. There the ark was fixed till, after the conquest of the country, it was removed to Shiloh. Gilgal was about ten furlongs from Jericho, and fifty from Jordan: Jericho being on the west, and Jordan on the east, Gilgal being between both. See Josephus, De Bello, etc., lib. v., c. 4, and Calmet on this place. Calmet supposes there was neither city nor town here before the arrival of the Israelites.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Exodus 14:1-31
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Josephus
- Gilgal
- In Hebrew
- Abraham
- Egypt
- Saul
- Israel
- And
- Shiloh
- Jericho
- Jordan
- See Josephus
- De Bello
- Israelites
Exposition: Joshua 4:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:20
Hebrew
וְאֵת שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה הָֽאֲבָנִים הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר לָקְחוּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּן הֵקִים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃ve'et-sheteym-'eshereh-ha'avaniym-ha'eleh-'asher-laqechv-min-hayareden-heqiym-yehvoshu'a-vagilegal
KJV: And those twelve stones, which they took out of Jordan, did Joshua pitch in Gilgal.
AKJV: And those twelve stones, which they took out of Jordan, did Joshua pitch in Gilgal.
ASV: And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, did Joshua set up in Gilgal.
YLT: and these twelve stones, which they have taken out of the Jordan, hath Joshua raised up in Gilgal.
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:20
Verse 20 Those twelve stones - It is very likely that a base of mason-work was erected of some considerable height, and then the twelve stones placed on the top of it; and that this was the case both in Jordan and in Gilgal: for twelve such stones as a man could carry a considerable way on his shoulder, see Jos 4:5, could scarcely have made any observable altar, or pillar of memorial: but erected on a high base of mason-work they would be very conspicuous, and thus properly answer the end for which God ordered them to be set up.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Gilgal
Exposition: Joshua 4:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And those twelve stones, which they took out of Jordan, did Joshua pitch in Gilgal.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:21
Hebrew
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן בְּנֵיכֶם מָחָר אֶת־אֲבוֹתָם לֵאמֹר מָה הָאֲבָנִים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃vayo'mer-'el-veney-yishera'el-le'mor-'asher-yishe'alvn-veneykhem-machar-'et-'avvotam-le'mor-mah-ha'avaniym-ha'eleh
KJV: And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones?
AKJV: And he spoke to the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones?
ASV: And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones?
YLT: And he speaketh unto the sons of Israel, saying, `When your sons ask their fathers hereafter, saying, What are these stones?
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:21Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:21
Joshua 4:21 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones?'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:21
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Israel
Exposition: Joshua 4:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:22
Hebrew
וְהוֹדַעְתֶּם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶם לֵאמֹר בַּיַּבָּשָׁה עָבַר יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּֽה׃vehvoda'etem-'et-veneykhem-le'mor-vayavashah-'avar-yishera'el-'et-hayareden-hazeh
KJV: Then ye shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.
AKJV: Then you shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.
ASV: then ye shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.
YLT: then ye have caused your sons to know, saying, On dry land Israel passed over this Jordan;
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:22
Verse 22 Then ye shall let your children know - The necessity of an early religious education is inculcated through the whole oracles of God. The parents who neglect it have an awful account to give to the Judge of quick and dead.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Joshua 4:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then ye shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:23
Hebrew
אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִישׁ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם אֶת־מֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן מִפְּנֵיכֶם עַֽד־עָבְרְכֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם לְיַם־סוּף אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִישׁ מִפָּנֵינוּ עַד־עָבְרֵֽנוּ׃'asher-hvoviysh-yehvah-'eloheykhem-'et-mey-hayareden-mifeneykhem-'ad-'averekhem-kha'asher-'ashah-yehvah-'eloheykhem-leyam-svf-'asher-hvoviysh-mifaneynv-'ad-'averenv
KJV: For the LORD your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were gone over:
AKJV: For the LORD your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before you, until you were passed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were gone over:
ASV: For Jehovah your God dried up the waters of the Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as Jehovah your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were passed over;
YLT: because Jehovah your God dried up the waters of the Jordan at your presence, till your passing over, as Jehovah your God did to the Red Sea which He dried up at our presence till our passing over;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Joshua 4:23Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Joshua 4:23
Joshua 4:23 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'For the LORD your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were gone over:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joshua 4:23
Exposition: Joshua 4:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For the LORD your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were gone over:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Joshua 4:24
Hebrew
לְמַעַן דַּעַת כָּל־עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ אֶת־יַד יְהוָה כִּי חֲזָקָה הִיא לְמַעַן יְרָאתֶם אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃lema'an-da'at-khal-'amey-ha'aretz-'et-yad-yehvah-khiy-chazaqah-hiy'-lema'an-yera'tem-'et-yehvah-'eloheykhem-khal-hayamiym
KJV: That all the people of the earth might know the hand of the LORD, that it is mighty: that ye might fear the LORD your God for ever.
AKJV: That all the people of the earth might know the hand of the LORD, that it is mighty: that you might fear the LORD your God for ever.
ASV: that all the peoples of the earth may know the hand of Jehovah, that it is mighty; that ye may fear Jehovah your God for ever.
YLT: so that all the people of the land do know the hand of Jehovah that it is strong, so that ye have reverenced Jehovah your God all the days.'
Commentary WitnessJoshua 4:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:24
Verse 24 That all the people of the earth might know - It is very likely that כל עמי הארץ col ammey haarets means simply, all the people of this land - all the Canaanitish nations, to whom, by the miracles wrought in behalf of his people, he intended to show his eternal power and Godhead, the excellence of his protection, and the unavailableness of human might against his omnipotence; and the miracles he wrought for this people, in the sight of the heathen, were well calculated to make these things known. 1. God intends that his religion should be maintained and propagated in the earth; therefore he has given a revelation of himself to men, that it may be taught in the world; and he particularly requires that parents should be diligent and fervent in teaching their children the knowledge of his name. 2. This is one great use of the ordinances of the Gospel, and the rites of religion. They are all significators of sacred things, and point out matters of infinite importance beyond themselves. 3. A spirit of inquiry is common to every child: the human heart is ever panting after knowledge; and if not rightly directed when young, will, like that of our first mother, go astray after forbidden science. 4. If we wish our children to be happy we should show them where happiness is to be found. If we wish them to be wise, we should lead them unto God by means of his word and ordinances. It is natural for a child to inquire, "What do you mean by this baptism? - by this sacrament? - by praying - by singing psalms and hymns?" etc. And what fine opportunities do such questions give pious and intelligent parents to instruct their children in every article of the Christian faith, and in every fact on which these articles are established! Oh why is this neglected, while the command of God is before our eyes, and the importance of the measure so strikingly obvious?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Godhead
- Gospel
Exposition: Joshua 4:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That all the people of the earth might know the hand of the LORD, that it is mighty: that ye might fear the LORD your God for ever.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
11
Generated editorial witnesses
13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Joshua 4:1
- Joshua 4:2
- Joshua 4:3
- Joshua 4:4
- Joshua 4:5
- Joshua 4:6
- Joshua 4:7
- Joshua 4:8
- Joshua 4:9
- Joshua 4:10
- Joshua 4:11
- Num 32:17
- Joshua 4:12
- Joshua 4:13
- Joshua 4:14
- Joshua 4:15
- Joshua 4:16
- Joshua 4:17
- Joshua 4:18
- Exodus 14:1-31
- Joshua 4:19
- Joshua 4:20
- Joshua 4:21
- Joshua 4:22
- Joshua 4:23
- Joshua 4:24
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Moses
- Gad
- Manasseh
- Gilgal
- Jordan
- Israel
- Joshua
- Dr
- Canaan
- Reuben
- Jericho
- Josephus
- In Hebrew
- Abraham
- Egypt
- Saul
- And
- Shiloh
- See Josephus
- De Bello
- Israelites
- Ray
- Godhead
- Gospel
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Daniel
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Hosea
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joel
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Amos
Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Obadiah
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jonah
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Micah
Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nahum
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Habakkuk
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zephaniah
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Haggai
Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zechariah
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Malachi
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Matthew
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Mark
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Luke
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
John
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Acts
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Romans
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Galatians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ephesians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philippians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Colossians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
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What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
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Commentary Witness
Joshua 4:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Joshua 4:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness