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Apologetics Bible

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Published chapter Reader summary first Judges live Chapter 1 of 21 36 verse waypoints 36 commentary witnesses

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Judges describes the repeated cycle of Israel's apostasy, oppression, repentance, and deliverance through Spirit-empowered judges. The book is unrelentingly honest about human failure — a mark of authentic historiography rather than theological propaganda.

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Connected primary witness

Connected ID: Judges_1

Primary Witness Text: Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them? And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand. And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him. And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men. And they found Adoni–bezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites. But Adoni–bezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes. And Adoni–bezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I have done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died. Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire. And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley. And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjath–arba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai. And from thence ...

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Connected ID: Judges_1

Chapter Blob Preview: Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them? And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand. And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I l...

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The book's apologetics contribution is its candor: Scripture does not sanitize its heroes. Samson, Gideon, and Jephthah are delivered-through-faith despite massive moral failure (Heb 11:32). The final chapters of Judges (17-21) are the bleakest in the OT, deliberately framed to demand a king and ultimately a divine King who can actually transform human nature.

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Judges 1:1

Hebrew

וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּיהוָה לֵאמֹר מִי יַעֲלֶה־לָּנוּ אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי בַּתְּחִלָּה לְהִלָּחֶם בּֽוֹ׃

vayehiy-'acharey-mvot-yehvoshu'a-vayishe'alv-veney-yishera'el-vayhvah-le'mor-miy-ya'aleh-lanv-'el-hakhena'aniy-vatechilah-lehilachem-vvo

KJV: Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them?

AKJV: Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them?

ASV: And it came to pass after the death of Joshua, that the children of Israel asked of Jehovah, saying, Who shall go up for us first against the Canaanites, to fight against them?

YLT: And it cometh to pass, after the death of Joshua, that the sons of Israel ask at Jehovah, saying, `Who doth go up for us unto the Canaanite, at the commencement, to fight against it?'

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:1

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:1

Quoted commentary witness

The persons called Judges, שופטים Shophetim, from שפט, shaphat, to judge, discern regulate, and direct, were the heads or chiefs of the Israelites who governed the Hebrew republic from the days of Moses and Joshua till the time of Saul. The word judge is not to be taken here in its usual signification, i.e., one who determines controversies, and denounces the judgment of the law in criminal cases, but one who directs and rules a state or nation with sovereign power, administers justice, makes peace or war, and leads the armies of the people over whom he presides. Officers, with the same power, and nearly with the same name, were established by the Tyrians in new Tyre, after the destruction of old Tyre, and the termination of its regal state. The Carthaginian Suffetes appear to have been the same as the Hebrew Shophetim; as were also the Archons among the Athenians, and the Dictators among the ancient Romans. But they were neither hereditary governors, nor were they chosen by the people: they were properly vicegerents or lieutenants of the Supreme God; and were always, among the Israelites, chosen by Him in a supernatural way. They had no power to make or change the laws; they were only to execute them under the direction of the Most High. God, therefore, was king in Israel: the government was a theocracy; and the judges were His deputies. The office, however, was not continual, as there appear intervals in which there was no judge in Israel. And, as they were extraordinary persons, they were only raised up on extraordinary occasions to be instruments in the hands of God of delivering their nation from the oppression and tyranny of the neighboring powers. They had neither pomp nor state; nor, probably, any kind of emoluments. The chronology of the Book of Judges is extremely embarrassed and difficult; and there is no agreement among learned men concerning it. When the deliverances, and consequent periods of rest, so frequently mentioned in this book, took place, cannot be satisfactorily ascertained. Archbishop Usher, and those who follow him, suppose that the rests, or times of peace, should be reckoned, not from the time in which a particular judge gave them deliverance; but from the period of the preceding deliverance, e.g.: It is said that Othniel, son of Kenaz, defeated Cushan-rishathaim, Jdg 3:9, and the land had rest forty years. After the death of Othniel the Israelites again did wickedly, and God delivered them into the hands of the Moabites, Ammonites, and Amalekites; and this oppression continued eighteen years; Jdg 3:14. Then God raised up Ehud, who, by killing Eglon, king of Moab, and gaining a great victory over the Moabites, in which he slew ten thousand of their best soldiers, obtained a rest for the land which lasted forty years: Jdg 3:15, Jdg 3:30; which rest is not counted from this deliverance wrought by Ehud, but from that wrought by Othniel, mentioned above; leaving out the eighteen years of oppression under Eglon king of Moab: and so of the rest. This is a most violent manner of settling chronological difficulties, a total perversion of the ordinary meaning of terms, and not likely to be intended by the writer of this book. Sir John Marsham, aware of this difficulty, has struck out a new hypothesis: he supposes that there were judges on each side Jordan; and that there were particular wars in which those beyond Jordan had no part. He observes, that from the exodus to the building of Solomon's temple was four hundred and eighty years, which is precisely the time mentioned in the sacred writings; (1Kgs 6:1); and that from the time in which the Israelites occupied the land beyond Jordan, to the days of Jephthah, was three hundred years. But in reckoning up the years of the judges, from the death of Moses to the time of Ibzan, who succeeded Jephthah, there appears to be more than three hundred years; and from Jephthah to the fourth year of Solomon, in which the foundation of the temple was laid, there are again more than one hundred and fifty years; we must, therefore, either find out some method of reconciling these differences, or else abandon these epochs; but as the latter cannot be done, we must have recourse to some plan of modification. Sir John Marsham's plan is of this kind; the common plan is that of Archbishop Usher. I shall produce them both, and let the reader choose for himself. Who the author of the Book of Judges was, is not known; some suppose that each judge wrote his own history, and that the book has been compiled from those separate accounts; which is very unlikely. Others ascribe it to Phinehas, to Samuel, to Hezekiah, and some to Ezra. But it is evident that it was the work of an individual, and of a person who lived posterior to the time of the judges, (see Jdg 2:10, etc.), and most probably of Samuel. The duration of the government of the Israelites by judges, from the death of Joshua to the commencement of the reign of Saul, was about three hundred and thirty-nine years. But as this book does not include the government of Eli, nor that of Samuel, but ends with the death of Samson, which occurred in A.M. 2887; consequently, it includes only three hundred and seventeen years; but the manner in which these are reckoned is very different, as we have seen above; and as will be more particularly evident in the following tables by Archbishop Usher and Sir John Marsham. After the death of Joshua the Israelites purpose to attack the remaining Canaanites; and the tribe of Judah is directed to go up first, Jdg 1:1, Jdg 1:2. Judah and Simeon unite, attack the Canaanites and Perrizites, kill ten thousand of them, take Adoni-bezek prisoner, cut off his thumbs and great toes, and bring him to Jerusalem, where he dies, Jdg 1:3-7. Jerusalem conquered, Jdg 1:8. A new war with the Canaanites under the direction of Caleb, Jdg 1:9-11. Kirjath-sepher taken by Othniel, on which he receives, as a reward, Achsah, the daughter of Caleb and with her a south land with springs of water, Jdg 1:12-15. The Kenites dwell among the people, Jdg 1:16. Judah and Simeon destroy the Canaanites in Zephath, Gaza, etc., Jdg 1:17-19. Hebron is given to Caleb, Jdg 1:20. Of the Benjamites, house of Joseph, tribe of Manasseh, etc., Jdg 1:21-27. The Israelites put the Canaanites to tribute, Jdg 1:28. Of the tribes of Ephraim, Zebulun, Asher, and Naphtali, Jdg 1:29-33. The Amorites force the children of Dan into the mountains, Jdg 1:34-36. Verse 1 Now after the death of Joshua - How long after the death of Joshua this happened we cannot tell; it is probable that it was not long. The enemies of the Israelites, finding their champion dead, would naturally avail themselves of their unsettled state, and make incursions on the country. Who shall go up - Joshua had left no successor, and every thing relative to the movements of this people must be determined either by caprice, or an especial direction of the Lord.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

1Kgs 6:1

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Moses
Judges
Shophetim
Saul
Officers
Tyre
Hebrew Shophetim
Athenians
Romans
Supreme God
Israelites
Most High
Israel
And
Archbishop Usher
Othniel
Kenaz
Moabites
Ammonites
Amalekites
Ehud
Eglon
Moab
Sir John Marsham
Jordan
Jephthah
Ibzan
Solomon
Phinehas
Samuel
Hezekiah
Ezra
Eli
Samson
Canaanites
Perrizites
Jerusalem
Caleb
Achsah
Zephath
Gaza
Benjamites
Joseph
Manasseh
Ephraim
Zebulun
Asher
Naphtali
Lord

Exposition: Judges 1:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:2

Hebrew

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה יְהוּדָה יַעֲלֶה הִנֵּה נָתַתִּי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃

vayo'mer-yehvah-yehvdah-ya'aleh-hineh-natatiy-'et-ha'aretz-veyadvo

KJV: And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.

AKJV: And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.

ASV: And Jehovah said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.

YLT: And Jehovah saith, `Judah doth go up; lo, I have given the land into his hand.'

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:2

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:2

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 2 The Lord said, Judah shall go up - They had inquired of the Lord by Phinehas the high priest; and he had communicated to them the Divine counsel.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Judges 1:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:3

Hebrew

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה לְשִׁמְעוֹן אָחִיו עֲלֵה אִתִּי בְגוֹרָלִי וְנִֽלָּחֲמָה בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִי וְהָלַכְתִּי גַם־אֲנִי אִתְּךָ בְּגוֹרָלֶךָ וַיֵּלֶךְ אִתּוֹ שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃

vayo'mer-yehvdah-leshime'von-'achiyv-'aleh-'itiy-vegvoraliy-venilachamah-vakhena'aniy-vehalakhetiy-gam-'aniy-'itekha-vegvoralekha-vayelekhe-'itvo-shime'von

KJV: And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him.

AKJV: And Judah said to Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with you into your lot. So Simeon went with him.

ASV: And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him.

YLT: And Judah saith to Simeon his brother, `Go up with me into my lot, and we fight against the Canaanite--and I have gone, even I, with thee into thy lot;' and Simeon goeth with him.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:3

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:3

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 3 Come up with me into my lot - It appears that the portions of Judah and Simeon had not been cleared of the Canaanites, or that these were the parts which were now particularly invaded.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Canaanites

Exposition: Judges 1:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:4

Hebrew

וַיַּעַל יְהוּדָה וַיִּתֵּן יְהוָה אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִי וְהַפְּרִזִּי בְּיָדָם וַיַּכּוּם בְּבֶזֶק עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים אִֽישׁ׃

vaya'al-yehvdah-vayiten-yehvah-'et-hakhena'aniy-vehaferiziy-veyadam-vayakhvm-vevezeq-'asheret-'alafiym-'iysh

KJV: And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men.

AKJV: And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men.

ASV: And Judah went up; and Jehovah delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they smote of them in Bezek ten thousand men.

YLT: And Judah goeth up, and Jehovah giveth the Canaanite and the Perizzite into their hand, and they smite them in Bezek--ten thousand men;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:4

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:4

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:4

Exposition: Judges 1:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:5

Hebrew

וַֽיִּמְצְאוּ אֶת־אֲדֹנִי בֶזֶק בְּבֶזֶק וַיִּֽלָּחֲמוּ בּוֹ וַיַּכּוּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּֽי׃

vayimetze'v-'et-'adoniy-vezeq-vevezeq-vayilachamv-vvo-vayakhv-'et-hakhena'aniy-ve'et-haferiziy

KJV: And they found Adoni–bezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites.

AKJV: And they found Adonibezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites.

ASV: And they found Adoni-bezek in Bezek; and they fought against him, and they smote the Canaanites and the Perizzites.

YLT: and they find Adoni-Bezek in Bezek, and fight against him, and smite the Canaanite and the Perizzite.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:5

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:5

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 5 And they found Adoni-bezek - The word מצא matsa, "he found," is used to express a hostile encounter between two parties; to attack, surprise, etc. This is probably its meaning here. Adoni-bezek is literally the lord of Bezek. It is very probable that the different Canaanitish tribes were governed by a sort of chieftains, similar to those among the clans of the ancient Scottish Highlanders. Bezek is said by some to have been in the tribe of Judah. Eusebius and St. Jerome mention two villages of this name, not in the tribe of Judah, but about seventeen miles from Shechem.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:5

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Bezek
Scottish Highlanders
Judah
St
Shechem

Exposition: Judges 1:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they found Adoni–bezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:6

Hebrew

וַיָּנָס אֲדֹנִי בֶזֶק וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ אַחֲרָיו וַיֹּאחֲזוּ אֹתוֹ וַֽיְקַצְּצוּ אֶת־בְּהֹנוֹת יָדָיו וְרַגְלָֽיו׃

vayanas-'adoniy-vezeq-vayiredefv-'acharayv-vayo'chazv-'otvo-vayeqatzetzv-'et-vehonvot-yadayv-veragelayv

KJV: But Adoni–bezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes.

AKJV: But Adonibezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes.

ASV: But Adoni-bezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes.

YLT: And Adoni-Bezek fleeth, and they pursue after him, and seize him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes,

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:6

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:6

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 6 Cut off his thumbs - That he might never be able to draw his bow or handle his sword, and great toes, that he might never be able to pursue or escape from an adversary.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Judges 1:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Adoni–bezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:7

Hebrew

וַיֹּאמֶר אֲדֹֽנִי־בֶזֶק שִׁבְעִים ׀ מְלָכִים בְּֽהֹנוֹת יְדֵיהֶם וְרַגְלֵיהֶם מְקֻצָּצִים הָיוּ מְלַקְּטִים תַּחַת שֻׁלְחָנִי כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי כֵּן שִׁלַּם־לִי אֱלֹהִים וַיְבִיאֻהוּ יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם וַיָּמָת שָֽׁם׃

vayo'mer-'adoniy-vezeq-shive'iym- -melakhiym-vehonvot-yedeyhem-verageleyhem-mequtzatziym-hayv-melaqetiym-tachat-shulechaniy-kha'asher-'ashiytiy-khen-shilam-liy-'elohiym-vayeviy'uhv-yervshalaim-vayamat-sham

KJV: And Adoni–bezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I have done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died.

AKJV: And Adonibezek said, Three score and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I have done, so God has requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died.

ASV: And Adoni-bezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their food under my table: as I have done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there.

YLT: and Adoni-Bezek saith, `Seventy kings--their thumbs and their great toes cut off--have been gathering under my table; as I have done so hath God repaid to me;' and they bring him in to Jerusalem, and he dieth there.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:7

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:7

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 7 Threescore and ten kinds - Chieftains, heads of tribes, or military officers. For the word king cannot be taken here in its proper and usual sense. Having their thumbs and their great toes cut off - That this was an ancient mode of treating enemies we learn from Aelian, who tells us, Var. Hist. l. ii., c. 9, that "the Athenians, at the instigation of Cleon, son of Cleaenetus, made a decree that all the inhabitants of the island of Aegina should have the thumb cut off from the right hand, so that they might ever after be disabled from holding a spear, yet might handle an oar." This is considered by Aelian an act of great cruelty; and he wishes to Minerva, the guardian of the city, to Jupiter Eleutherius, and all the gods of Greece, that the Athenians had never done such things. It was a custom among those Romans who did not like a military life, to cut off their own thumbs, that they might not be capable of serving in the army. Sometimes the parents cut off the thumbs of their children, that they might not be called into the army. According to Suetonius, in Vit. August., c. 24, a Roman knight, who had cut off the thumbs of his two sons to prevent them from being called to a military life was, by the order of Augustus, publicly sold, both he and his property. These are the words of Suetonius: Equitem Romanum, quod duobus filis adolescentibus, causa detractandi sacramenti, pollices amputasset, ipsum bonaque subjecit hastae. Calmet remarks that the Italian language has preserved a term, poltrone, which signifies one whose thumb is cut off, to designate a soldier destitute of courage and valor. We use poltroon to signify a dastardly fellow, without considering the import of the original. There have been found frequent instances of persons maiming themselves, that they might be incapacitated for military duty. I have heard an instance in which a knavish soldier discharged his gun through his hand, that he might be discharged from his regiment. The cutting off of the thumbs was probably designed for a double purpose: 1. To incapacitate them for war; and, 2. To brand them as cowards. Gathered their meat under my table - I think this was a proverbial mode of expression, to signify reduction to the meanest servitude; for it is not at all likely that seventy kings, many of whom must have been contemporaries, were placed under the table of the king of Bezek, and there fed; as in the houses of poor persons the dogs are fed with crumbs and offal, under the table of their owners. So God hath requited me - The king of Bezek seems to have had the knowledge of the true God, and a proper notion of a Divine providence. He now feels himself reduced to that state to which he had cruelly reduced others. Those acts in him were acts of tyrannous cruelty; the act towards him was an act of retributive justice. And there he died - He continued at Jerusalem in a servile and degraded condition till the day of his death. How long he lived after his disgrace we know not.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:7

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Ovid
Chieftains
Aelian
Var
Hist
Athenians
Cleon
Cleaenetus
Minerva
Jupiter Eleutherius
Greece
Suetonius
Vit
August
Augustus
Equitem Romanum
Bezek

Exposition: Judges 1:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Adoni–bezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I have done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and the...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:8

Hebrew

וַיִּלָּחֲמוּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה בִּירוּשָׁלִַם וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אוֹתָהּ וַיַּכּוּהָ לְפִי־חָרֶב וְאֶת־הָעִיר שִׁלְּחוּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃

vayilachamv-veney-yehvdah-viyrvshaliam-vayilekhedv-'votah-vayakhvha-lefiy-charev-ve'et-ha'iyr-shilechv-va'esh

KJV: Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.

AKJV: Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire. ¶

ASV: And the children of Judah fought against Jerusalem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.

YLT: And the sons of Judah fight against Jerusalem, and capture it, and smite it by the mouth of the sword, and the city they have sent into fire;

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:8

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:8

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 8 Had fought against Jerusalem - We read this verse in a parenthesis, because we suppose that it refers to the taking of this city by Joshua; for as he had conquered its armies and slew its king, Jos 10:26, it is probable that he took the city: yet we find that the Jebusites still dwelt in it, Jos 15:63; and that the men of Judah could not drive them out, which probably refers to the strong hold or fortress on Mount Zion, which the Jebusites held till the days of David, who took it, and totally destroyed the Jebusites. See 2Sam 5:6-9, and 1Chr 11:4-8. It is possible that the Jebusites who had been discomfited by Joshua, had again become sufficiently strong to possess themselves of Jerusalem; and that they were now defeated, and the city itself set on fire: but that they still were able to keep possession of their strong fort on Mount Zion, which appears to have been the citadel of Jerusalem.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:8

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

2Sam 5:6-9
1Chr 11:4-8

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Joshua
Mount Zion
David
Jebusites
Jerusalem

Exposition: Judges 1:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:9

Hebrew

וְאַחַר יָֽרְדוּ בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה לְהִלָּחֵם בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִי יוֹשֵׁב הָהָר וְהַנֶּגֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה׃

ve'achar-yaredv-veney-yehvdah-lehilachem-vakhena'aniy-yvoshev-hahar-vehanegev-vehashefelah

KJV: And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley.

AKJV: And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelled in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley.

ASV: And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites that dwelt in the hill-country, and in the South, and in the lowland.

YLT: and afterwards have the sons of Judah gone down to fight against the Canaanite, inhabiting the hill-country, and the south, and the low country;

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:9

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:9

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 9 The Canaanites, that dwelt to the mountain - The territories of the tribe of Judah lay in the most southern part of the promised land, which was very mountainous, though towards the west it had many fine plains. In some of these the Canaanites had dwelt; and the expedition marked here was for the purpose of finally expelling them. But probably this is a recapitulation of what is related Jos 10:36; Jos 11:21; Jos 15:13.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:9

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

The Canaanites

Exposition: Judges 1:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:10

Hebrew

וַיֵּלֶךְ יְהוּדָה אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּחֶבְרוֹן וְשֵׁם־חֶבְרוֹן לְפָנִים קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע וַיַּכּוּ אֶת־שֵׁשַׁי וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן וְאֶת־תַּלְמָֽי׃

vayelekhe-yehvdah-'el-hakhena'aniy-hayvoshev-vechevervon-veshem-chevervon-lefaniym-qireyat-'areva'-vayakhv-'et-sheshay-ve'et-'achiyman-ve'et-talemay

KJV: And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjath–arba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

AKJV: And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelled in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

ASV: And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron (now the name of Hebron beforetime was Kiriath-arba); and they smote Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

YLT: and Judah goeth unto the Canaanite who is dwelling in Hebron (and the name of Hebron formerly is Kirjath-Arba), and they smite Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:10

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:10

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:10 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjath–arba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:10

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:10

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Hebron
Sheshai
Ahiman
Talmai

Exposition: Judges 1:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjath–arba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:11

Hebrew

וַיֵּלֶךְ מִשָּׁם אֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵי דְּבִיר וְשֵׁם־דְּבִיר לְפָנִים קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר׃

vayelekhe-misham-'el-yvoshevey-deviyr-veshem-deviyr-lefaniym-qireyat-sefer

KJV: And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjath–sepher:

AKJV: And from there he went against the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjathsepher:

ASV: And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir. (Now the name of Debir beforetime was Kiriath-sepher.)

YLT: And he goeth thence unto the inhabitants of Debir (and the name of Debir formerly is Kirjath-Sepher),

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:11

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:11

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjath–sepher:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:11

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:11

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Debir

Exposition: Judges 1:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjath–sepher:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:12

Hebrew

וַיֹּאמֶר כָּלֵב אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּה אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵפֶר וּלְכָדָהּ וְנָתַתִּי לוֹ אֶת־עַכְסָה בִתִּי לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

vayo'mer-khalev-'asher-yakheh-'et-qireyat-sefer-vlekhadah-venatatiy-lvo-'et-'akhesah-vitiy-le'ishah

KJV: And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjath–sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.

AKJV: And Caleb said, He that smites Kirjathsepher, and takes it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.

ASV: And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kiriath-sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.

YLT: and Caleb saith, `He who smiteth Kirjath-Sepher--and hath captured it--then I have given to him Achsah my daughter for a wife.'

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:12

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:12

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 12 And Caleb, etc. - See this whole account, which is placed here by way of recapitulation, in Jos 15:13-19 (note), and the explanatory notes there.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:12

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

And Caleb

Exposition: Judges 1:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjath–sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:13

Hebrew

וַֽיִּלְכְּדָהּ עָתְנִיאֵל בֶּן־קְנַז אֲחִי כָלֵב הַקָּטֹן מִמֶּנּוּ וַיִּתֶּן־לוֹ אֶת־עַכְסָה בִתּוֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

vayilekhedah-'ateniy'el-ven-qenaz-'achiy-khalev-haqaton-mimenv-vayiten-lvo-'et-'akhesah-vitvo-le'ishah

KJV: And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

AKJV: And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

ASV: And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

YLT: And Othniel son of Kenaz, younger brother of Caleb, doth capture it, and he giveth to him Achsah his daughter for a wife.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:13

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:13

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:13 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:13

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:13

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Kenaz

Exposition: Judges 1:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:14

Hebrew

וַיְהִי בְּבוֹאָהּ וַתְּסִיתֵהוּ לִשְׁאוֹל מֵֽאֵת־אָבִיהָ הַשָּׂדֶה וַתִּצְנַח מֵעַל הַחֲמוֹר וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָהּ כָּלֵב מַה־לָּֽךְ׃

vayehiy-vevvo'ah-vatesiytehv-lishe'vol-me'et-'aviyha-hashadeh-vatitzenach-me'al-hachamvor-vayo'mer-lah-khalev-mah-lakhe

KJV: And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wilt thou?

AKJV: And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb said to her, What will you?

ASV: And it came to pass, when she came unto him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she alighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wouldest thou?

YLT: And it cometh to pass in her coming in, that she persuadeth him to ask from her father the field, and she lighteth from off the ass, and Caleb saith to her, `What--to thee?'

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:14

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:14

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wilt thou?'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:14

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:14

Exposition: Judges 1:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wilt thou?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:15

Hebrew

וַתֹּאמֶר לוֹ הָֽבָה־לִּי בְרָכָה כִּי אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב נְתַתָּנִי וְנָתַתָּה לִי גֻּלֹּת מָיִם וַיִּתֶּן־לָהּ כָּלֵב אֵת גֻּלֹּת עִלִּית וְאֵת גֻּלֹּת תַּחְתִּֽית׃

vato'mer-lvo-havah-liy-verakhah-khiy-'eretz-hanegev-netataniy-venatatah-liy-gulot-mayim-vayiten-lah-khalev-'et-gulot-'iliyt-ve'et-gulot-tachetiyt

KJV: And she said unto him, Give me a blessing: for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs.

AKJV: And she said to him, Give me a blessing: for you have given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs. ¶

ASV: And she said unto him, Give me a blessing; for that thou hast set me in the land of the South, give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs.

YLT: And she saith to him, `Give to me a blessing; when the south land thou hast given me--then thou hast given to me springs of water; and Caleb giveth to her the upper springs and the lower springs.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:15

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:15

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And she said unto him, Give me a blessing: for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:15

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:15

Exposition: Judges 1:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And she said unto him, Give me a blessing: for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:16

Hebrew

וּבְנֵי קֵינִי חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה עָלוּ מֵעִיר הַתְּמָרִים אֶת־בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה מִדְבַּר יְהוּדָה אֲשֶׁר בְּנֶגֶב עֲרָד וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיֵּשֶׁב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃

vveney-qeyniy-choten-mosheh-'alv-me'iyr-hatemariym-'et-veney-yehvdah-midevar-yehvdah-'asher-venegev-'arad-vayelekhe-vayeshev-'et-ha'am

KJV: And the children of the Kenite, Moses’ father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt among the people.

AKJV: And the children of the Kenite, Moses’ father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lies in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelled among the people.

ASV: And the children of the Kenite, Moses’ brother-in-law, went up out of the city of palm-trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which is in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt with the people.

YLT: And the sons of the Kenite, father-in-law of Moses, have gone up out of the city of palms with the sons of Judah to the wilderness of Judah, which is in the south of Arad, and they go and dwell with the people.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:16

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:16

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 16 The children of the Kenite, Moses' father-in-law - For an account of Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, see Exodus 18:1-27 (note); Num 10:29 (note), etc. The city of palm trees - This seems to have been some place near Jericho, which city is expressly called the city of palm trees, Deu 34:3; and though destroyed by Joshua, it might have some suburbs remaining where these harmless people had taken up their residence. The Kenites, the descendants of Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, were always attached to the Israelites: they remained with them, says Calmet, during their wanderings in the wilderness, and accompanied them to the promised land. They received there a lot with the tribe of Judah, and remained in the city of palm trees during the life of Joshua; but after his death, not contented with their portion, or molested by the original inhabitants, they united with the tribe of Judah, and went with them to attack Arad. After the conquest of that country, the Kenites established themselves there, and remained in it till the days of Saul, mingled with the Amalekites. When this king received a commandment from God to destroy the Amalekites, he sent a message to the Kenites to depart from among them, as God would not destroy them with the Amalekites. From them came Hemath, who was the father of the house of Rechab, 1Chr 2:55, and the Rechabites, of whom we have a remarkable account Jer 35:1, etc.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:16

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Exodus 18:1-27
Num 10:29
1Chr 2:55
Jer 35:1

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Moses
Kenite
Jethro
Jericho
Joshua
The Kenites
Israelites
Calmet
Judah
Arad
Saul
Amalekites
Hemath
Rechab
Rechabites

Exposition: Judges 1:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the children of the Kenite, Moses’ father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt among the...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:17

Hebrew

וַיֵּלֶךְ יְהוּדָה אֶת־שִׁמְעוֹן אָחִיו וַיַּכּוּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי יוֹשֵׁב צְפַת וַיַּחֲרִימוּ אוֹתָהּ וַיִּקְרָא אֶת־שֵׁם־הָעִיר חָרְמָֽה׃

vayelekhe-yehvdah-'et-shime'von-'achiyv-vayakhv-'et-hakhena'aniy-yvoshev-tzefat-vayachariymv-'votah-vayiqera'-'et-shem-ha'iyr-charemah

KJV: And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah.

AKJV: And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah.

ASV: And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they smote the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah.

YLT: And Judah goeth with Simeon his brother, and they smite the Canaanite inhabiting Zephath, and devote it; and one calleth the name of the city Hormah.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:17

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:17

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 17 The city was called Hormah - This appears to be the same transaction mentioned Num 21:1 (note), etc., where see the notes.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:17

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Num 21:1

Exposition: Judges 1:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:18

Hebrew

וַיִּלְכֹּד יְהוּדָה אֶת־עַזָּה וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָהּ וְאֶֽת־אַשְׁקְלוֹן וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָהּ וְאֶת־עֶקְרוֹן וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָֽהּ׃

vayilekhod-yehvdah-'et-'azah-ve'et-gevvlah-ve'et-'asheqelvon-ve'et-gevvlah-ve'et-'eqervon-ve'et-gevvlah

KJV: Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof.

AKJV: Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof.

ASV: Also Judah took Gaza with the border thereof, and Ashkelon with the border thereof, and Ekron with the border thereof.

YLT: And Judah captureth Gaza and its border, and Askelon and its border, and Ekron and its border;

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:18

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:18

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 18 Judah took Gaza - and Askelon - and Ekron - There is a most remarkable variation here in the Septuagint; I shall set down the verse: Και ουκ εκληρονομησεν Ιουδας την Γαζαν, ουδε τα ὁρια αυτης· ουδε την Ασκαλωνα, ουδε τα ὁρια αυτης· και την Ακκαρων, ουδε τα ὁρια αυτης· την Αζωτον, ουδε τα περισπορια αυτης· και ην Κυριος μετα Ιουδα. "But Judah Did Not possess Gaza, Nor the coast thereof; neither Askelon, nor the coasts thereof, neither Ekron, nor the coasts thereof; neither Azotus, nor its adjacent places: and the Lord was with Judah." This is the reading of the Vatican and other copies of the Septuagint: but the Alexandrian MS., and the text of the Complutensian and Antwerp Polyglots, agree more nearly with the Hebrew text. St. Augustine and Procopius read the same as, the Vatican MS.; and Josephus expressly says that the Israelites took only Askelon and Azotus, but did not take Gaza nor Ekron; and the whole history shows that these cities were not in the possession of the Israelites, but of the Philistines; and if the Israelites did take them at this time, as the Hebrew text states, they certainly lost them in a very short time after.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:18

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Josephus
Septuagint
Gaza
Askelon
Ekron
Azotus
Judah
Antwerp Polyglots
St
Israelites
Philistines

Exposition: Judges 1:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:19

Hebrew

וַיְהִי יְהוָה אֶתּ־יְהוּדָה וַיֹּרֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָר כִּי לֹא לְהוֹרִישׁ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵי הָעֵמֶק כִּי־רֶכֶב בַּרְזֶל לָהֶֽם׃

vayehiy-yehvah-'et-yehvdah-vayoresh-'et-hahar-khiy-lo'-lehvoriysh-'et-yoshevey-ha'emeq-khiy-rekhev-varezel-lahem

KJV: And the LORD was with Judah; and he drave out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron.

AKJV: And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron.

ASV: And Jehovah was with Judah; and drove out the inhabitants of the hill-country; for he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron.

YLT: and Jehovah is with Judah, and he occupieth the hill-country, but not to dispossess the inhabitants of the valley, for they have chariots of iron.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:19

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:19

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 19 And the Lord was with Judah, and he drave out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron - Strange! were the iron chariots too strong for Omnipotence? The whole of this verse is improperly rendered. The first clause, The Lord was with Judah should terminate the 18th verse, and this gives the reason for the success of this tribe: The Lord was with Judah, and therefore he slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, etc., etc. Here then is a complete period: the remaining part of the verse either refers to a different time, or to the rebellion of Judah against the Lord, which caused him to withdraw his support. Therefore the Lord was with Judah, and these were the effects of his protection; but afterwards, when the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord, and served Baalim, etc., God was no longer with them, and their enemies were left to be pricks in their eyes, and thorns in their side, as God himself had said. This is the turn given to the verse by Jonathan ben Uzziel, the Chaldee paraphrast: "And the Word of Jehovah was in the support of the house of Judah, and they extirpated the inhabitants of the mountains; but afterwards, When They Sinned, they were not able to extirpate the inhabitants of the plain country, because they had chariots of iron." They were now left to their own strength, and their adversaries prevailed against them. From a work called the Dhunoor Veda, it appears that the ancient Hindoos had war chariots similar to those of the Canaanites. They are described as having many wheels, and to have contained a number of rooms. - Ward's Customs.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:19

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Jonathan
Judah
Zephath
Lord
Baalim
Uzziel
When They Sinned
Dhunoor Veda
Canaanites
Customs

Exposition: Judges 1:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the LORD was with Judah; and he drave out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:20

Hebrew

וַיִּתְּנוּ לְכָלֵב אֶת־חֶבְרוֹן כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר מֹשֶׁה וַיּוֹרֶשׁ מִשָּׁם אֶת־שְׁלֹשָׁה בְּנֵי הָעֲנָֽק׃

vayitenv-lekhalev-'et-chevervon-kha'asher-diver-mosheh-vayvoresh-misham-'et-sheloshah-veney-ha'anaq

KJV: And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak.

AKJV: And they gave Hebron to Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled there the three sons of Anak.

ASV: And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses had spoken: and he drove out thence the three sons of Anak.

YLT: And they give to Caleb Hebron, as Moses hath spoken, and he dispossesseth thence the three sons of Anak.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:20

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:20

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:20 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:20

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:20

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Moses
Caleb
Anak

Exposition: Judges 1:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:21

Hebrew

וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי יֹשֵׁב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם לֹא הוֹרִישׁוּ בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִן וַיֵּשֶׁב הַיְבוּסִי אֶת־בְּנֵי בִנְיָמִן בִּירוּשָׁלִַם עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

ve'et-hayevvsiy-yoshev-yervshaliam-lo'-hvoriyshv-veney-vineyamin-vayeshev-hayevvsiy-'et-veney-vineyamin-viyrvshaliam-'ad-hayvom-hazeh

KJV: And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day.

AKJV: And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this day. ¶

ASV: And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day.

YLT: And the Jebusite, inhabiting Jerusalem, the sons of Benjamin have not dispossessed; and the Jebusite dwelleth with the sons of Benjamin, in Jerusalem, till this day.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:21

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:21

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 21 The Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin - Jerusalem was situated partly in the tribe of Judah, and partly in the tribe of Benjamin, the northern part belonging to the latter tribe, the southern to the former. The Jebusites had their strongest position in the part that belonged to Benjamin, and from this place they were not wholly expelled till the days of David. See the notes on Jdg 1:8. What is said here of Benjamin is said of Judah, Jos 15:63. There must be an interchange of the names in one or other of these places. Unto this day - As the Jebusites dwelt in Jerusalem till the days of David, by whom they were driven out, and the author of the book of Judges states them to have been in possession of Jerusalem when he wrote; therefore this book was written before the reign of David.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:21

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Judah
Benjamin
David

Exposition: Judges 1:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:22

Hebrew

וַיַּעֲלוּ בֵית־יוֹסֵף גַּם־הֵם בֵּֽית־אֵל וַֽיהוָה עִמָּֽם׃

vaya'alv-veyt-yvosef-gam-hem-veyt-'el-vayhvah-'imam

KJV: And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Beth–el: and the LORD was with them.

AKJV: And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Bethel: and the LORD was with them.

ASV: And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Beth-el; and Jehovah was with them.

YLT: And the house of Joseph go up--even they--to Beth-El, and Jehovah is with them;

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:22

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:22

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 22 The house of Joseph, they also went up against Bethel - That is, the tribe of Ephraim and the half tribe of Manasseh, who dwelt beyond Jordan. Beth-el was not taken by Joshua, though he took Ai, which was nigh to it. Instead of בית יוסף beith Yoseph, "the house of Joseph," ten of Dr. Kennicott's MSS. and six of De Rossi's have בני יוסף beney Yoseph, "the children of Joseph;" and this is the reading of both the Septuagint and Arabic, as well as of two copies in the Hexapla of Origen.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:22

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Septuagint
Joseph
Manasseh
Jordan
Joshua
Ai
Yoseph
Dr
Arabic
Origen

Exposition: Judges 1:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Beth–el: and the LORD was with them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:23

Hebrew

וַיָּתִירוּ בֵית־יוֹסֵף בְּבֵֽית־אֵל וְשֵׁם־הָעִיר לְפָנִים לֽוּז׃

vayatiyrv-veyt-yvosef-veveyt-'el-veshem-ha'iyr-lefaniym-lvz

KJV: And the house of Joseph sent to descry Beth–el. (Now the name of the city before was Luz.)

AKJV: And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel. (Now the name of the city before was Luz.)

ASV: And the house of Joseph sent to spy out Beth-el. (Now the name of the city beforetime was Luz.)

YLT: and the house of Joseph cause men to spy about Beth-El (and the name of the city formerly is Luz),

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:23

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:23

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 23 Beth-el - the name of the city before was Luz - Concerning this city and its names, see the notes on Gen 28:19.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:23

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Gen 28:19

Exposition: Judges 1:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the house of Joseph sent to descry Beth–el. (Now the name of the city before was Luz.)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:24

Hebrew

וַיִּרְאוּ הַשֹּׁמְרִים אִישׁ יוֹצֵא מִן־הָעִיר וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ הַרְאֵנוּ נָא אֶת־מְבוֹא הָעִיר וְעָשִׂינוּ עִמְּךָ חָֽסֶד׃

vayire'v-hashomeriym-'iysh-yvotze'-min-ha'iyr-vayo'merv-lvo-hare'env-na'-'et-mevvo'-ha'iyr-ve'ashiynv-'imekha-chased

KJV: And the spies saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him, Shew us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will shew thee mercy.

AKJV: And the spies saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said to him, Show us, we pray you, the entrance into the city, and we will show you mercy.

ASV: And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him, Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.

YLT: and the watchers see a man coming out from the city, and say to him, `Shew us, we pray thee, the entrance of the city, and we have done with thee kindness.'

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:24

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:24

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 24 Show us - the entrance into the city - Taken in whatever light we choose, the conduct of this man was execrable. He was a traitor to his country, and he was accessary to the destruction of the lives and property of his fellow citizens, which he most sinfully betrayed, in order to save his own. According to the rules and laws of war, the children of Judah might avail themselves of such men and their information; but this does not lessen, on the side of this traitor, the turpitude of the action.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:24

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Exposition: Judges 1:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the spies saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him, Shew us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will shew thee mercy.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:25

Hebrew

וַיַּרְאֵם אֶת־מְבוֹא הָעִיר וַיַּכּוּ אֶת־הָעִיר לְפִי־חָרֶב וְאֶת־הָאִישׁ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ שִׁלֵּֽחוּ׃

vayare'em-'et-mevvo'-ha'iyr-vayakhv-'et-ha'iyr-lefiy-charev-ve'et-ha'iysh-ve'et-khal-mishefachetvo-shilechv

KJV: And when he shewed them the entrance into the city, they smote the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family.

AKJV: And when he showed them the entrance into the city, they smote the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family.

ASV: And he showed them the entrance into the city; and they smote the city with the edge of the sword; but they let the man go and all his family.

YLT: And he sheweth them the entrance of the city, and they smite the city by the mouth of the sword, and the man and all his family they have sent away;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:25

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:25

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:25 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And when he shewed them the entrance into the city, they smote the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:25

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:25

Exposition: Judges 1:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he shewed them the entrance into the city, they smote the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:26

Hebrew

וַיֵּלֶךְ הָאִישׁ אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים וַיִּבֶן עִיר וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמָהּ לוּז הוּא שְׁמָהּ עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

vayelekhe-ha'iysh-'eretz-hachitiym-vayiven-'iyr-vayiqera'-shemah-lvz-hv'-shemah-'ad-hayvom-hazeh

KJV: And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which is the name thereof unto this day.

AKJV: And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which is the name thereof to this day. ¶

ASV: And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz, which is the name thereof unto this day.

YLT: and the man goeth to the land of the Hittites, and buildeth a city, and calleth its name Luz--it is its name unto this day.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:26

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:26

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 26 The land of the Hittites - Probably some place beyond the land of Canaan, in Arabia, whither this people emigrated when expelled by Joshua. The man himself appears to have been a Hittite, and to perpetuate the name of his city he called the new one which he now founded Luz, this being the ancient name of Beth-el.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:26

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Canaan
Arabia
Joshua
Hittite
Luz

Exposition: Judges 1:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which is the name thereof unto this day.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:27

Hebrew

וְלֹא־הוֹרִישׁ מְנַשֶּׁה אֶת־בֵּית־שְׁאָן וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ וְאֶת־תַּעְנַךְ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶיהָ וְאֶת־ישב יֹשְׁבֵי דוֹר וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵי יִבְלְעָם וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶיהָ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵי מְגִדּוֹ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ וַיּוֹאֶל הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי לָשֶׁבֶת בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃

velo'-hvoriysh-menasheh-'et-veyt-she'an-ve'et-venvoteyha-ve'et-ta'enakhe-ve'et-venoteyha-ve'et-yshv-yoshevey-dvor-ve'et-venvoteyha-ve'et-yvoshevey-yivele'am-ve'et-venoteyha-ve'et-yvoshevey-megidvo-ve'et-venvoteyha-vayvo'el-hakhena'aniy-lashevet-va'aretz-hazo't

KJV: Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Beth–shean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.

AKJV: Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Bethshean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.

ASV: And Manasseh did not drive outthe inhabitants ofBeth-shean and its towns, norofTaanach and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and its towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns; but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.

YLT: And Manasseh hath not occupied Beth-Shean and its towns, and Taanach and its towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, and the inhabitants of Iblaim and its towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns, and the Canaanite is desirous to dwell in that land;

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:27

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:27

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 27 Beth-shean - Called by the Septuagint Σκυθωνπολις, Scythopolis, or the city of the Scythians. On these towns see the notes, Jos 17:12-13 (note).

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:27

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Septuagint
Scythopolis
Scythians

Exposition: Judges 1:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Beth–shean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megi...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:28

Hebrew

וֽ͏ַיְהִי כִּֽי־חָזַק יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי לָמַס וְהוֹרֵישׁ לֹא הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃

vayehiy-khiy-chazaq-yishera'el-vayashem-'et-hakhena'aniy-lamas-vehvoreysh-lo'-hvoriyshvo

KJV: And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.

AKJV: And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out. ¶

ASV: And it came to pass, when Israel was waxed strong, that they put the Canaanites to taskwork, and did not utterly drive them out.

YLT: and it cometh to pass, when Israel hath been strong, that he setteth the Canaanite to tribute, and hath not utterly dispossessed it.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:28

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:28

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:28 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:28

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:28

Exposition: Judges 1:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:29

Hebrew

וְאֶפְרַיִם לֹא הוֹרִישׁ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּגָזֶר וַיֵּשֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ בְּגָֽזֶר׃

ve'eferayim-lo'-hvoriysh-'et-hakhena'aniy-hayvoshev-vegazer-vayeshev-hakhena'aniy-veqirevvo-vegazer

KJV: Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them.

AKJV: Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelled in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelled in Gezer among them. ¶

ASV: And Ephraim drove not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them.

YLT: And Ephraim hath not dispossessed the Canaanite who is dwelling in Gezer, and the Canaanite dwelleth in its midst, in Gezer.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:29

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:29

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:29 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:29

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:29

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Gezer

Exposition: Judges 1:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:30

Hebrew

זְבוּלֻן לֹא הוֹרִישׁ אֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵי קִטְרוֹן וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵי נַהֲלֹל וַיֵּשֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ וַיִּֽהְיוּ לָמַֽס׃

zevvlun-lo'-hvoriysh-'et-yvoshevey-qitervon-ve'et-yvoshevey-nahalol-vayeshev-hakhena'aniy-veqirevvo-vayiheyv-lamas

KJV: Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.

AKJV: Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelled among them, and became tributaries. ¶

ASV: Zebulun drove not out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became subject to taskwork.

YLT: Zebulun hath not dispossessed the inhabitants of Kitron, and the inhabitants of Nahalol, and the Canaanite dwelleth in its midst, and they become tributary.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:30

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:30

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:30 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:30

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:30

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Kitron
Nahalol

Exposition: Judges 1:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:31

Hebrew

אָשֵׁר לֹא הוֹרִישׁ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵי עַכּוֹ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵי צִידוֹן וְאֶת־אַחְלָב וְאֶת־אַכְזִיב וְאֶת־חֶלְבָּה וְאֶת־אֲפִיק וְאֶת־רְחֹֽב׃

'asher-lo'-hvoriysh-'et-yoshevey-'akhvo-ve'et-yvoshevey-tziydvon-ve'et-'achelav-ve'et-'akheziyv-ve'et-chelevah-ve'et-'afiyq-ve'et-rechov

KJV: Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob:

AKJV: Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob:

ASV: Asher drove not out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of Sidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob;

YLT: Asher hath not dispossessed the inhabitants of Accho, and the inhabitants of Zidon, and Ahlab, and Achzib, and Helbah, and Aphik, and Rehob;

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:31

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:31

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 31 Neither did Asher - See on Jos 19:24-31 (note). Accho - Supposed to be the city of Ptolemais, near to Mount Carmel.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:31

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Ptolemais
Mount Carmel

Exposition: Judges 1:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:32

Hebrew

וַיֵּשֶׁב הָאָשֵׁרִי בְּקֶרֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ כִּי לֹא הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃

vayeshev-ha'asheriy-veqerev-hakhena'aniy-yoshevey-ha'aretz-khiy-lo'-hvoriyshvo

KJV: But the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out.

AKJV: But the Asherites dwelled among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out. ¶

ASV: but the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land; for they did not drive them out.

YLT: and the Asherite dwelleth in the midst of the Canaanite, the inhabitants of the land, for it hath not dispossessed them.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:32

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:32

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:32 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:32

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:32

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Canaanites

Exposition: Judges 1:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:33

Hebrew

נַפְתָּלִי לֹֽא־הוֹרִישׁ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵי בֵֽית־שֶׁמֶשׁ וְאֶת־יֹשְׁבֵי בֵית־עֲנָת וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּקֶרֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֵי בֵֽית־שֶׁמֶשׁ וּבֵית עֲנָת הָיוּ לָהֶם לָמַֽס׃

nafetaliy-lo'-hvoriysh-'et-yoshevey-veyt-shemesh-ve'et-yoshevey-veyt-'anat-vayeshev-veqerev-hakhena'aniy-yoshevey-ha'aretz-veyoshevey-veyt-shemesh-vveyt-'anat-hayv-lahem-lamas

KJV: Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth–shemesh, nor the inhabitants of Beth–anath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth–shemesh and of Beth–anath became tributaries unto them.

AKJV: Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Bethshemesh, nor the inhabitants of Bethanath; but he dwelled among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Bethshemesh and of Bethanath became tributaries to them.

ASV: Naphtali drove not out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh, nor the inhabitants of Beth-anath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and of Beth-anath became subject to taskwork.

YLT: Naphtali hath not dispossessed the inhabitants of Beth-Shemesh, and the inhabitants of Beth-Anath, and he dwelleth in the midst of the Canaanite, the inhabitants of the land; and the inhabitants of Beth-Shemesh and of Beth-Anath have become tributary to them.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Judges 1:33

Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Judges 1:33

Generated editorial synthesis

Judges 1:33 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth–shemesh, nor the inhabitants of Beth–anath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth–shemesh and of Beth–anath became tributaries unto them.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:33

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

Judges 1:33

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Canaanites

Exposition: Judges 1:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth–shemesh, nor the inhabitants of Beth–anath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth–shemesh and of Be...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:34

Hebrew

וַיִּלְחֲצוּ הָאֱמֹרִי אֶת־בְּנֵי־דָן הָהָרָה כִּי־לֹא נְתָנוֹ לָרֶדֶת לָעֵֽמֶק׃

vayilechatzv-ha'emoriy-'et-veney-dan-haharah-khiy-lo'-netanvo-laredet-la'emeq

KJV: And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley:

AKJV: And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley:

ASV: And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the hill-country; for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley;

YLT: And the Amorites press the sons of Dan to the mountain, for they have not suffered them to go down to the valley;

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:34

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:34

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 34 The Amorites forced the children of Dan, etc. - Just as the ancient Britons were driven into the mountains of Wales by the Romans; and the native Indians driven back into the woods by the British settlers in America.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:34

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Dan
Romans
America

Exposition: Judges 1:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:35

Hebrew

וַיּוֹאֶל הָֽאֱמֹרִי לָשֶׁבֶת בְּהַר־חֶרֶס בְּאַיָּלוֹן וּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִים וַתִּכְבַּד יַד בֵּית־יוֹסֵף וַיִּהְיוּ לָמַֽס׃

vayvo'el-ha'emoriy-lashevet-vehar-cheres-ve'ayalvon-vvesha'aleviym-vatikhevad-yad-veyt-yvosef-vayiheyv-lamas

KJV: But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributaries.

AKJV: But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributaries.

ASV: but the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres, in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became subject to taskwork.

YLT: and the Amorite is desirous to dwell in mount Heres, in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim, and the hand of the house of Joseph is heavy, and they become tributary;

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:35

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:35

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 35 The Amorites would dwell in Mount Heres - They perhaps agreed to dwell in the mountainous country, being unable to maintain themselves on the plain, and yet were so powerful that the Danites could not totally expel them; they were, however, laid under tribute, and thus the house of Joseph had the sovereignty. The Septuagint have sought out a literal meaning for the names of several of these places, and they render the verse thus: "And the Amorites began to dwell in the mount of Tiles, in which there are bears, and in which there are foxes." Thus they translate Heres, Aijalon, and Shaalbim.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:35

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Septuagint
Tiles
Heres
Aijalon
Shaalbim

Exposition: Judges 1:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributaries.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Judges 1:36

Hebrew

וּגְבוּל הָאֱמֹרִי מִֽמַּעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים מֵהַסֶּלַע וָמָֽעְלָה׃

vgevvl-ha'emoriy-mima'aleh-'aqeraviym-mehasela'-vama'elah

KJV: And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.

AKJV: And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.

ASV: And the border of the Amorites was from the ascent of Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.

YLT: and the border of the Amorite is from the ascent of Akrabbim, from the rock and upward.

Commentary WitnessJudges 1:36

Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Judges 1:36

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 36 Akrabbim - Of scorpions; probably so called from the number of those animals in that place. From the rock, and upward - The Vulgate understands by סלע sela, a rock, the city Petra, which was the capital of Arabia Petraea. The whole of this chapter appears to be designed as a sort of supplement to those places in the book of Joshua which are referred to in the notes and in the margin; nor is there any thing in it worthy of especial remark. We everywhere see the same fickle character in the Israelites, and the goodness and long-suffering of God towards them. An especial Providence guides their steps, and a fatherly hand chastises them for their transgressions. They are obliged to live in the midst of their enemies, often straitened, but never overcome so as to lose the land which God gave them as their portion. We should learn wisdom from what they have suffered, and confidence in the protection and providence of God from their support, because these things were written for our learning. Few can be persuaded that adversity is a blessing, but without it how little should we learn! He, who in the school of affliction has his mind turned towards God, "Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, Sermons in stones, and good in every thing."

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Judges 1:36

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

Ovid
Vulgate
Petra
Arabia Petraea
Israelites
He

Exposition: Judges 1:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.

Scholarly apparatus

Commentary citation index

This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.

Direct commentary witnesses

Generated editorial witnesses

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Canonical references surfaced in commentary

1Kgs 6:1
Judges 1:1
Judges 1:2
Judges 1:3
Judges 1:4
Judges 1:5
Judges 1:6
Judges 1:7
2Sam 5:6-9
1Chr 11:4-8
Judges 1:8
Judges 1:9
Judges 1:10
Judges 1:11
Judges 1:12
Judges 1:13
Judges 1:14
Judges 1:15
Exodus 18:1-27
Num 10:29
1Chr 2:55
Jer 35:1
Judges 1:16
Num 21:1
Judges 1:17
Judges 1:18
Judges 1:19
Judges 1:20
Judges 1:21
Judges 1:22
Gen 28:19
Judges 1:23
Judges 1:24
Judges 1:25
Judges 1:26
Judges 1:27
Judges 1:28
Judges 1:29
Judges 1:30
Judges 1:31
Judges 1:32
Judges 1:33
Judges 1:34
Judges 1:35
Judges 1:36

Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary

Moses
Judges
Shophetim
Saul
Officers
Tyre
Hebrew Shophetim
Athenians
Romans
Supreme God
Israelites
Most High
Israel
And
Archbishop Usher
Othniel
Kenaz
Moabites
Ammonites
Amalekites
Ehud
Eglon
Moab
Sir John Marsham
Jordan
Jephthah
Ibzan
Solomon
Phinehas
Samuel
Hezekiah
Ezra
Eli
Samson
Canaanites
Perrizites
Jerusalem
Caleb
Achsah
Zephath
Gaza
Benjamites
Joseph
Manasseh
Ephraim
Zebulun
Asher
Naphtali
Lord
Bezek
Scottish Highlanders
Judah
St
Shechem
Ovid
Chieftains
Aelian
Var
Hist
Cleon
Cleaenetus
Minerva
Jupiter Eleutherius
Greece
Suetonius
Vit
August
Augustus
Equitem Romanum
Joshua
Mount Zion
David
Jebusites
The Canaanites
Hebron
Sheshai
Ahiman
Talmai
Debir
And Caleb
Kenite
Jethro
Jericho
The Kenites
Calmet
Arad
Hemath
Rechab
Rechabites
Josephus
Septuagint
Askelon
Ekron
Azotus
Antwerp Polyglots
Philistines
Jonathan
Baalim
Uzziel
When They Sinned
Dhunoor Veda
Customs
Anak
Benjamin
Ai
Yoseph
Dr
Arabic
Origen
Ray
Canaan
Arabia
Hittite
Luz
Scythopolis
Scythians
Gezer
Kitron
Nahalol
Ptolemais
Mount Carmel
Dan
America
Tiles
Heres
Aijalon
Shaalbim
Vulgate
Petra
Arabia Petraea
He

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James

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Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
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Open 1 Peter

New Testament Letters

2 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Peter

Open 2 Peter

New Testament Letters

1 John

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 John

Open 1 John

New Testament Letters

2 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 John

Open 2 John

New Testament Letters

3 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
Current public use: chapter reader path for 3 John

Open 3 John

New Testament Letters

Jude

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
Current public use: chapter reader path for Jude

Open Jude

New Testament Apocalypse

Revelation

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
Current public use: chapter reader path for Revelation

Open Revelation

What this explorer shows today

The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.

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Apologetics Bible

Four study layers kept near the text.

Open a passage.

Summary first. Then the depth.

Start with the passage. Use the tools after the text.

Read the Word before every witness.

Receive the chapter frame

Move with reverence

Move carefully to the section you need

Judges 1 — Judges 1

Chapter frame

Verse-by-verse study lane

Judges 1:1

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:2

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:3

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:4

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:5

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:6

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:7

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:8

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:9

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:10

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:11

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:12

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:13

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:14

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:15

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:16

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:17

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:18

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:19

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:20

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:21

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:22

Hebrew

Apologetics Notes

Judges 1:23

Hebrew