Apologetics Bible

Luke 2:1

Greek

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἐξῆλθεν δόγμα παρὰ Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου ἀπογράφεσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην·

Egeneto de en tais emerais ekeinais exelthen dogma para Kaisaros Aygoystoy apographesthai pasan ten oikoymenen·

KJV: And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Cesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed.

AKJV: And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be taxed.

ASV: Now it came to pass in those days, there went out a decree from Cæsar Augustus, that all the world should be enrolled.

YLT: And it came to pass in those days, there went forth a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world be enrolled--

Exposition: Luke 2:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Cesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:2

Greek

(⸀αὕτη ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο ἡγεμονεύοντος τῆς Συρίας Κυρηνίου·)

(ayte apographe prote egeneto egemoneyontos tes Syrias Kyrenioy·)

KJV: (And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)

AKJV: (And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)

ASV: This was the first enrolment made when Quirinius was governor of Syria.

YLT: this enrolment first came to pass when Cyrenius was governor of Syria--

Exposition: Luke 2:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:3

Greek

καὶ ἐπορεύοντο πάντες ἀπογράφεσθαι, ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν ⸀ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν.

kai eporeyonto pantes apographesthai, ekastos eis ten eaytoy polin.

KJV: And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.

AKJV: And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.

ASV: And all went to enrol themselves, every one to his own city.

YLT: and all were going to be enrolled, each to his proper city,

Exposition: Luke 2:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:4

Greek

Ἀνέβη δὲ καὶ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἐκ πόλεως Ναζαρὲθ εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν εἰς πόλιν Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς Δαυίδ,

Anebe de kai Ioseph apo tes Galilaias ek poleos Nazareth eis ten Ioydaian eis polin Dayid etis kaleitai Bethleem, dia to einai ayton ex oikoy kai patrias Dayid,

KJV: And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:)

AKJV: And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:)

ASV: And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judæa, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David;

YLT: and Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, that is called Bethlehem, because of his being of the house and family of David,

Exposition: Luke 2:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:5

Greek

ἀπογράψασθαι σὺν Μαριὰμ τῇ ⸂ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ⸃, οὔσῃ ἐγκύῳ.

apograpsasthai syn Mariam te emnesteymene ayto, oyse egkyo.

KJV: To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.

AKJV: To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.

ASV: to enrol himself with Mary, who was betrothed to him, being great with child.

YLT: to enrol himself with Mary his betrothed wife, being with child.

Exposition: Luke 2:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:6

Greek

ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν,

egeneto de en to einai aytoys ekei eplesthesan ai emerai toy tekein ayten,

KJV: And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.

AKJV: And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.

ASV: And it came to pass, while they were there, the days were fulfilled that she should be delivered.

YLT: And it came to pass, in their being there, the days were fulfilled for her bringing forth,

Exposition: Luke 2:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:7

Greek

καὶ ἔτεκεν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν πρωτότοκον, καὶ ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ⸀ἐν φάτνῃ, διότι οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι.

kai eteken ton yion aytes ton prototokon, kai esparganosen ayton kai aneklinen ayton en phatne, dioti oyk en aytois topos en to katalymati.

KJV: And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.

AKJV: And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.

ASV: And she brought forth her firstborn son; and she wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.

YLT: and she brought forth her son--the first-born, and wrapped him up, and laid him down in the manger, because there was not for them a place in the guest-chamber.

Exposition: Luke 2:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:8

Greek

Καὶ ποιμένες ἦσαν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ ἀγραυλοῦντες καὶ φυλάσσοντες φυλακὰς τῆς νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ποίμνην αὐτῶν.

Kai poimenes esan en te chora te ayte agrayloyntes kai phylassontes phylakas tes nyktos epi ten poimnen ayton.

KJV: And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night.

AKJV: And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night.

ASV: And there were shepherds in the same country abiding in the field, and keeping watch by night over their flock.

YLT: And there were shepherds in the same region, lodging in the field, and keeping the night-watches over their flock,

Exposition: Luke 2:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:9

Greek

⸀καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς καὶ δόξα κυρίου περιέλαμψεν αὐτούς, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν·

kai aggelos kyrioy epeste aytois kai doxa kyrioy perielampsen aytoys, kai ephobethesan phobon megan·

KJV: And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid.

AKJV: And, see, the angel of the Lord came on them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid.

ASV: And an angel of the Lord stood by them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid.

YLT: and lo, a messenger of the Lord stood over them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they feared a great fear.

Exposition: Luke 2:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:10

Greek

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ ἄγγελος· Μὴ φοβεῖσθε, ἰδοὺ γὰρ εὐαγγελίζομαι ὑμῖν χαρὰν μεγάλην ἥτις ἔσται παντὶ τῷ λαῷ,

kai eipen aytois o aggelos· Me phobeisthe, idoy gar eyaggelizomai ymin charan megalen etis estai panti to lao,

KJV: And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.

AKJV: And the angel said to them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.

ASV: And the angel said unto them, Be not afraid; for behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy which shall be to all the people:

YLT: And the messenger said to them, `Fear not, for lo, I bring you good news of great joy, that shall be to all the people--

Exposition: Luke 2:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:11

Greek

ὅτι ἐτέχθη ὑμῖν σήμερον σωτὴρ ὅς ἐστιν χριστὸς κύριος ἐν πόλει Δαυίδ·

oti etechthe ymin semeron soter os estin christos kyrios en polei Dayid·

KJV: For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.

AKJV: For to you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, which is Christ the Lord.

ASV: for there is born to you this day in the city of David a Saviour, who is Christ the Lord.

YLT: because there was born to you to-day a Saviour--who is Christ the Lord--in the city of David,

Exposition: Luke 2:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:12

Greek

καὶ τοῦτο ὑμῖν ⸀τὸ σημεῖον, εὑρήσετε βρέφος ἐσπαργανωμένον ⸀καὶ κείμενον ἐν φάτνῃ.

kai toyto ymin to semeion, eyresete brephos esparganomenon kai keimenon en phatne.

KJV: And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.

AKJV: And this shall be a sign to you; You shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.

ASV: And this is the sign unto you: Ye shall find a babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, and lying in a manger.

YLT: and this is to you the sign: Ye shall find a babe wrapped up, lying in the manger.'

Exposition: Luke 2:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:13

Greek

καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἐγένετο σὺν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ πλῆθος στρατιᾶς ⸀οὐρανίου αἰνούντων τὸν θεὸν καὶ λεγόντων·

kai exaiphnes egeneto syn to aggelo plethos stratias oyranioy ainoynton ton theon kai legonton·

KJV: And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,

AKJV: And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,

ASV: And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,

YLT: And suddenly there came with the messenger a multitude of the heavenly host, praising God, and saying,

Exposition: Luke 2:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:14

Greek

Δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις ⸀εὐδοκίας.

Doxa en ypsistois theo kai epi ges eirene en anthropois eydokias.

KJV: Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.

AKJV: Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.

ASV: Glory to God in the highest,

YLT: `Glory in the highest to God, and upon earth peace, among men--good will.'

Exposition: Luke 2:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:15

Greek

Καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἀπῆλθον ἀπʼ αὐτῶν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν οἱ ἄγγελοι, ⸀οἱ ποιμένες ⸀ἐλάλουν πρὸς ἀλλήλους· Διέλθωμεν δὴ ἕως Βηθλέεμ καὶ ἴδωμεν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τὸ γεγονὸς ὃ ὁ κύριος ἐγνώρισεν ἡμῖν.

Kai egeneto os apelthon ap ayton eis ton oyranon oi aggeloi, oi poimenes elaloyn pros alleloys· Dielthomen de eos Bethleem kai idomen to rema toyto to gegonos o o kyrios egnorisen emin.

KJV: And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us.

AKJV: And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even to Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord has made known to us.

ASV: And it came to pass, when the angels went away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing that is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us.

YLT: And it came to pass, when the messengers were gone away from them to the heavens, that the men, the shepherds, said unto one another, `We may go over indeed unto Bethlehem, and see this thing that hath come to pass, that the Lord did make known to us.'

Exposition: Luke 2:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known u...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:16

Greek

καὶ ἦλθαν σπεύσαντες καὶ ἀνεῦραν τήν τε Μαριὰμ καὶ τὸν Ἰωσὴφ καὶ τὸ βρέφος κείμενον ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ·

kai elthan speysantes kai aneyran ten te Mariam kai ton Ioseph kai to brephos keimenon en te phatne·

KJV: And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger.

AKJV: And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger.

ASV: And they came with haste, and found both Mary and Joseph, and the babe lying in the manger.

YLT: And they came, having hasted, and found both Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in the manger,

Exposition: Luke 2:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:17

Greek

ἰδόντες δὲ ⸀ἐγνώρισαν περὶ τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ λαληθέντος αὐτοῖς περὶ τοῦ παιδίου τούτου.

idontes de egnorisan peri toy rematos toy lalethentos aytois peri toy paidioy toytoy.

KJV: And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child.

AKJV: And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child.

ASV: And when they saw it, they made known concerning the saying which was spoken to them about this child.

YLT: and having seen, they made known abroad concerning the saying spoken to them concerning the child.

Exposition: Luke 2:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:18

Greek

καὶ πάντες οἱ ἀκούσαντες ἐθαύμασαν περὶ τῶν λαληθέντων ὑπὸ τῶν ποιμένων πρὸς αὐτούς,

kai pantes oi akoysantes ethaymasan peri ton lalethenton ypo ton poimenon pros aytoys,

KJV: And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds.

AKJV: And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds.

ASV: And all that heard it wondered at the things which were spoken unto them by the shepherds.

YLT: And all who heard, did wonder concerning the things spoken by the shepherds unto them;

Exposition: Luke 2:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:19

Greek

ἡ δὲ ⸀Μαρία πάντα συνετήρει τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα συμβάλλουσα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς.

e de Maria panta syneterei ta remata tayta symballoysa en te kardia aytes.

KJV: But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart.

AKJV: But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart.

ASV: But Mary kept all these sayings, pondering them in her heart.

YLT: and Mary was preserving all these things, pondering in her heart;

Exposition: Luke 2:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:20

Greek

καὶ ὑπέστρεψαν οἱ ποιμένες δοξάζοντες καὶ αἰνοῦντες τὸν θεὸν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἤκουσαν καὶ εἶδον καθὼς ἐλαλήθη πρὸς αὐτούς.

kai ypestrepsan oi poimenes doxazontes kai ainoyntes ton theon epi pasin ois ekoysan kai eidon kathos elalethe pros aytoys.

KJV: And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.

AKJV: And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told to them.

ASV: And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, even as it was spoken unto them.

YLT: and the shepherds turned back, glorifying and praising God, for all those things they heard and saw, as it was spoken unto them.

Exposition: Luke 2:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:21

Greek

Καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν, καὶ ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦς, τὸ κληθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀγγέλου πρὸ τοῦ συλλημφθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ.

Kai ote eplesthesan emerai okto toy peritemein ayton, kai eklethe to onoma aytoy Iesoys, to klethen ypo toy aggeloy pro toy syllemphthenai ayton en te koilia.

KJV: And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb.

AKJV: And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb.

ASV: And when eight days were fulfilled for circumcising him, his name was called JESUS, which was so called by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.

YLT: And when eight days were fulfilled to circumcise the child, then was his name called Jesus, having been so called by the messenger before his being conceived in the womb.

Exposition: Luke 2:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:22

Greek

Καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ αὐτῶν κατὰ τὸν νόμον Μωϋσέως, ἀνήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα παραστῆσαι τῷ κυρίῳ,

Kai ote eplesthesan ai emerai toy katharismoy ayton kata ton nomon Moyseos, anegagon ayton eis Ierosolyma parastesai to kyrio,

KJV: And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;

AKJV: And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;

ASV: And when the days of their purification according to the law of Moses were fulfilled, they brought him up to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord

YLT: And when the days of their purification were fulfilled, according to the law of Moses, they brought him up to Jerusalem, to present to the Lord,

Exposition: Luke 2:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:23

Greek

καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου ὅτι Πᾶν ἄρσεν διανοῖγον μήτραν ἅγιον τῷ κυρίῳ κληθήσεται,

kathos gegraptai en nomo kyrioy oti Pan arsen dianoigon metran agion to kyrio klethesetai,

KJV: (As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;)

AKJV: (As it is written in the law of the LORD, Every male that opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;)

ASV: (as it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord),

YLT: as it hath been written in the Law of the Lord, --`Every male opening a womb shall be called holy to the Lord,'

Exposition: Luke 2:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:24

Greek

καὶ τοῦ δοῦναι θυσίαν κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν ⸀τῷ νόμῳ κυρίου, ζεῦγος τρυγόνων ἢ δύο νοσσοὺς περιστερῶν.

kai toy doynai thysian kata to eiremenon en to nomo kyrioy, zeygos trygonon e dyo nossoys peristeron.

KJV: And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.

AKJV: And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.

ASV: and to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.

YLT: and to give a sacrifice, according to that said in the Law of the Lord, `A pair of turtle-doves, or two young pigeons.'

Exposition: Luke 2:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:25

Greek

Καὶ ἰδοὺ ⸂ἄνθρωπος ἦν⸃ ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ ᾧ ὄνομα Συμεών, καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιος καὶ εὐλαβής, προσδεχόμενος παράκλησιν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ πνεῦμα ἦν ἅγιον ἐπʼ αὐτόν·

Kai idoy anthropos en en Ieroysalem o onoma Symeon, kai o anthropos oytos dikaios kai eylabes, prosdechomenos paraklesin toy Israel, kai pneyma en agion ep ayton·

KJV: And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him.

AKJV: And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was on him.

ASV: And behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and this man was righteous and devout, looking for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Spirit was upon him.

YLT: And lo, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name is Simeon, and this man is righteous and devout, looking for the comforting of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him,

Exposition: Luke 2:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:26

Greek

καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ κεχρηματισμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον πρὶν ⸂ἢ ἂν⸃ ἴδῃ τὸν χριστὸν κυρίου.

kai en ayto kechrematismenon ypo toy pneymatos toy agioy me idein thanaton prin e an ide ton christon kyrioy.

KJV: And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.

AKJV: And it was revealed to him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.

ASV: And it had been revealed unto him by the Holy Spirit, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.

YLT: and it hath been divinely told him by the Holy Spirit--not to see death before he may see the Christ of the Lord.

Exposition: Luke 2:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:27

Greek

καὶ ἦλθεν ἐν τῷ πνεύματι εἰς τὸ ἱερόν· καὶ ἐν τῷ εἰσαγαγεῖν τοὺς γονεῖς τὸ παιδίον Ἰησοῦν τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὸ εἰθισμένον τοῦ νόμου περὶ αὐτοῦ

kai elthen en to pneymati eis to ieron· kai en to eisagagein toys goneis to paidion Iesoyn toy poiesai aytoys kata to eithismenon toy nomoy peri aytoy

KJV: And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,

AKJV: And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,

ASV: And he came in the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, that they might do concerning him after the custom of the law,

YLT: And he came in the Spirit to the temple, and in the parents bringing in the child Jesus, for their doing according to the custom of the law regarding him,

Exposition: Luke 2:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:28

Greek

καὶ αὐτὸς ἐδέξατο αὐτὸ εἰς τὰς ⸀ἀγκάλας καὶ εὐλόγησεν τὸν θεὸν καὶ εἶπεν·

kai aytos edexato ayto eis tas agkalas kai eylogesen ton theon kai eipen·

KJV: Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said,

AKJV: Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said,

ASV: then he received him into his arms, and blessed God, and said,

YLT: then he took him in his arms, and blessed God, and he said,

Exposition: Luke 2:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:29

Greek

Νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου, δέσποτα, κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου ἐν εἰρήνῃ·

Nyn apolyeis ton doylon soy, despota, kata to rema soy en eirene·

KJV: Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word:

AKJV: Lord, now let you your servant depart in peace, according to your word:

ASV: Now lettest thou thy servant depart, Lord,

YLT: `Now Thou dost send away Thy servant, Lord, according to Thy word, in peace,

Exposition: Luke 2:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:30

Greek

ὅτι εἶδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου τὸ σωτήριόν σου

oti eidon oi ophthalmoi moy to soterion soy

KJV: For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,

AKJV: For my eyes have seen your salvation,

ASV: For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,

YLT: because mine eyes did see Thy salvation,

Exposition: Luke 2:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:31

Greek

ὃ ἡτοίμασας κατὰ πρόσωπον πάντων τῶν λαῶν,

o etoimasas kata prosopon panton ton laon,

KJV: Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;

AKJV: Which you have prepared before the face of all people;

ASV: Which thou hast prepared before the face of all peoples;

YLT: which Thou didst prepare before the face of all the peoples,

Exposition: Luke 2:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:32

Greek

φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν καὶ δόξαν λαοῦ σου Ἰσραήλ.

phos eis apokalypsin ethnon kai doxan laoy soy Israel.

KJV: A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.

AKJV: A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of your people Israel.

ASV: A light for revelation to the Gentiles,

YLT: a light to the uncovering of nations, and the glory of Thy people Israel.'

Exposition: Luke 2:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:33

Greek

καὶ ἦν ⸂ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ⸃ καὶ ἡ ⸀μήτηρ θαυμάζοντες ἐπὶ τοῖς λαλουμένοις περὶ αὐτοῦ.

kai en o pater aytoy kai e meter thaymazontes epi tois laloymenois peri aytoy.

KJV: And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him.

AKJV: And Joseph and his mother marveled at those things which were spoken of him.

ASV: And his father and his mother were marvelling at the things which were spoken concerning him;

YLT: And Joseph and his mother were wondering at the things spoken concerning him,

Exposition: Luke 2:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:34

Greek

καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτοὺς Συμεὼν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς Μαριὰμ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ· Ἰδοὺ οὗτος κεῖται εἰς πτῶσιν καὶ ἀνάστασιν πολλῶν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ εἰς σημεῖον ἀντιλεγόμενον,

kai eylogesen aytoys Symeon kai eipen pros Mariam ten metera aytoy· Idoy oytos keitai eis ptosin kai anastasin pollon en to Israel kai eis semeion antilegomenon,

KJV: And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against;

AKJV: And Simeon blessed them, and said to Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against;

ASV: and Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the falling and the rising of many in Israel; and for a sign which is spoken against;

YLT: and Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, `Lo, this one is set for the falling and rising again of many in Israel, and for a sign spoken against--

Exposition: Luke 2:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:35

Greek

καὶ σοῦ ⸀δὲ αὐτῆς τὴν ψυχὴν διελεύσεται ῥομφαία, ὅπως ἂν ἀποκαλυφθῶσιν ἐκ πολλῶν καρδιῶν διαλογισμοί.

kai soy de aytes ten psychen dieleysetai romphaia, opos an apokalyphthosin ek pollon kardion dialogismoi.

KJV: (Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.

AKJV: (Yes, a sword shall pierce through your own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.

ASV: yea and a sword shall pierce through thine own soul; that thoughts out of many hearts may be revealed.

YLT: (and also thine own soul shall a sword pass through) --that the reasonings of many hearts may be revealed.'

Exposition: Luke 2:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:36

Greek

Καὶ ἦν Ἅννα προφῆτις, θυγάτηρ Φανουήλ, ἐκ φυλῆς Ἀσήρ (αὕτη προβεβηκυῖα ἐν ἡμέραις πολλαῖς, ζήσασα ⸂μετὰ ἀνδρὸς ἔτη⸃ ἑπτὰ ἀπὸ τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς,

Kai en Anna prophetis, thygater Phanoyel, ek phyles Aser (ayte probebekyia en emerais pollais, zesasa meta andros ete epta apo tes parthenias aytes,

KJV: And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age, and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;

AKJV: And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age, and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;

ASV: And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher (she was of a great age, having lived with a husband seven years from her virginity,

YLT: And there was Anna, a prophetess, daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher, she was much advanced in days, having lived with an husband seven years from her virginity,

Exposition: Luke 2:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age, and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:37

Greek

καὶ αὐτὴ χήρα ⸀ἕως ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων,) ἣ οὐκ ⸀ἀφίστατο τοῦ ἱεροῦ νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν λατρεύουσα νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν.

kai ayte chera eos eton ogdoekonta tessaron,) e oyk aphistato toy ieroy nesteiais kai deesesin latreyoysa nykta kai emeran.

KJV: And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

AKJV: And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

ASV: and she had been a widow even unto fourscore and four years), who departed not from the temple, worshipping with fastings and supplications night and day.

YLT: and she is a widow of about eighty-four years, who did depart not from the temple, with fasts and supplications serving, night and day,

Exposition: Luke 2:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:38

Greek

⸀καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐπιστᾶσα ἀνθωμολογεῖτο τῷ ⸀θεῷ καὶ ἐλάλει περὶ αὐτοῦ πᾶσιν τοῖς προσδεχομένοις ⸀λύτρωσιν Ἰερουσαλήμ.

kai ayte te ora epistasa anthomologeito to theo kai elalei peri aytoy pasin tois prosdechomenois lytrosin Ieroysalem.

KJV: And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem.

AKJV: And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise to the Lord, and spoke of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem.

ASV: And coming up at that very hour she gave thanks unto God, and spake of him to all them that were looking for the redemption of Jerusalem.

YLT: and she, at that hour, having come in, was confessing, likewise, to the Lord, and was speaking concerning him, to all those looking for redemption in Jerusalem.

Exposition: Luke 2:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:39

Greek

Καὶ ὡς ἐτέλεσαν ⸀πάντα τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον κυρίου, ⸀ἐπέστρεψαν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ⸀εἰς πόλιν ἑαυτῶν Ναζαρέθ.

Kai os etelesan panta ta kata ton nomon kyrioy, epestrepsan eis ten Galilaian eis polin eayton Nazareth.

KJV: And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.

AKJV: And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.

ASV: And when they had accomplished all things that were according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.

YLT: And when they finished all things, according to the Law of the Lord, they turned back to Galilee, to their city Nazareth;

Exposition: Luke 2:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:40

Greek

Τὸ δὲ παιδίον ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐκραταιοῦτο ⸂πληρούμενον σοφίᾳ⸃, καὶ χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό.

To de paidion eyxanen kai ekrataioyto pleroymenon sophia, kai charis theoy en ep ayto.

KJV: And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.

AKJV: And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was on him.

ASV: And the child grew, and waxed strong, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.

YLT: and the child grew and was strengthened in spirit, being filled with wisdom, and the grace of God was upon him.

Exposition: Luke 2:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:41

Greek

Καὶ ἐπορεύοντο οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ κατʼ ἔτος εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῇ ἑορτῇ τοῦ πάσχα.

Kai eporeyonto oi goneis aytoy kat etos eis Ieroysalem te eorte toy pascha.

KJV: Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.

AKJV: Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.

ASV: And his parents went every year to Jerusalem at the feast of the passover.

YLT: And his parents were going yearly to Jerusalem, at the feast of the passover,

Exposition: Luke 2:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:42

Greek

καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ἐτῶν δώδεκα, ⸀ἀναβαινόντων ⸀αὐτῶν κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἑορτῆς

kai ote egeneto eton dodeka, anabainonton ayton kata to ethos tes eortes

KJV: And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast.

AKJV: And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast.

ASV: And when he was twelve years old, they went up after the custom of the feast;

YLT: and when he became twelve years old, they having gone up to Jerusalem, according to the custom of the feast,

Exposition: Luke 2:42 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:43

Greek

καὶ τελειωσάντων τὰς ἡμέρας, ἐν τῷ ὑποστρέφειν αὐτοὺς ὑπέμεινεν Ἰησοῦς ὁ παῖς ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ, καὶ οὐκ ⸂ἔγνωσαν οἱ γονεῖς⸃ αὐτοῦ.

kai teleiosanton tas emeras, en to ypostrephein aytoys ypemeinen Iesoys o pais en Ieroysalem, kai oyk egnosan oi goneis aytoy.

KJV: And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it.

AKJV: And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it.

ASV: and when they had fulfilled the days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and his parents knew it not;

YLT: and having finished the days, in their returning the child Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, and Joseph and his mother did not know,

Exposition: Luke 2:43 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:44

Greek

νομίσαντες δὲ αὐτὸν ⸂εἶναι ἐν τῇ συνοδίᾳ⸃ ἦλθον ἡμέρας ὁδὸν καὶ ἀνεζήτουν αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς συγγενεῦσιν ⸀καὶ τοῖς γνωστοῖς,

nomisantes de ayton einai en te synodia elthon emeras odon kai anezetoyn ayton en tois syggeneysin kai tois gnostois,

KJV: But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day’s journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance.

AKJV: But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day’s journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance.

ASV: but supposing him to be in the company, they went a day’s journey; and they sought for him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance:

YLT: and, having supposed him to be in the company, they went a day's journey, and were seeking him among the kindred and among the acquaintances,

Exposition: Luke 2:44 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day’s journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:45

Greek

καὶ μὴ ⸀εὑρόντες ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ ⸀ἀναζητοῦντες αὐτόν.

kai me eyrontes ypestrepsan eis Ieroysalem anazetoyntes ayton.

KJV: And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, seeking him.

AKJV: And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, seeking him.

ASV: and when they found him not, they returned to Jerusalem, seeking for him.

YLT: and not having found him, they turned back to Jerusalem seeking him.

Exposition: Luke 2:45 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, seeking him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:46

Greek

καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ἡμέρας τρεῖς εὗρον αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καθεζόμενον ἐν μέσῳ τῶν διδασκάλων καὶ ἀκούοντα αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπερωτῶντα αὐτούς·

kai egeneto meta emeras treis eyron ayton en to iero kathezomenon en meso ton didaskalon kai akoyonta ayton kai eperotonta aytoys·

KJV: And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions.

AKJV: And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the middle of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions.

ASV: And it came to pass, after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, both hearing them, and asking them questions:

YLT: And it came to pass, after three days, they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, both hearing them and questioning them,

Exposition: Luke 2:46 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:47

Greek

ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες οἱ ἀκούοντες αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ.

existanto de pantes oi akoyontes aytoy epi te synesei kai tais apokrisesin aytoy.

KJV: And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers.

AKJV: And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers.

ASV: and all that heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers.

YLT: and all those hearing him were astonished at his understanding and answers.

Exposition: Luke 2:47 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:48

Greek

καὶ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν ἐξεπλάγησαν, καὶ ⸂εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ⸃· Τέκνον, τί ἐποίησας ἡμῖν οὕτως; ἰδοὺ ὁ πατήρ σου καὶ ἐγὼ ὀδυνώμενοι ⸀ἐζητοῦμέν σε.

kai idontes ayton exeplagesan, kai eipen pros ayton e meter aytoy· Teknon, ti epoiesas emin oytos; idoy o pater soy kai ego odynomenoi ezetoymen se.

KJV: And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said unto him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I have sought thee sorrowing.

AKJV: And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said to him, Son, why have you thus dealt with us? behold, your father and I have sought you sorrowing.

ASV: And when they saw him, they were astonished; and his mother said unto him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I sought thee sorrowing.

YLT: And, having seen him, they were amazed, and his mother said unto him, `Child, why didst thou thus to us? lo, thy father and I, sorrowing, were seeking thee.'

Exposition: Luke 2:48 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said unto him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I have sought thee sorrowing.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:49

Greek

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· Τί ὅτι ἐζητεῖτέ με; οὐκ ᾔδειτε ὅτι ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου δεῖ εἶναί με;

kai eipen pros aytoys· Ti oti ezeteite me; oyk edeite oti en tois toy patros moy dei einai me;

KJV: And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father’s business?

AKJV: And he said to them, How is it that you sought me? knew you not that I must be about my Father’s business?

ASV: And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? knew ye not that I must be in my Father’s house?

YLT: And he said unto them, `Why is it that ye were seeking me? did ye not know that in the things of my Father it behoveth me to be?'

Exposition: Luke 2:49 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father’s business?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:50

Greek

καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐ συνῆκαν τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς.

kai aytoi oy synekan to rema o elalesen aytois.

KJV: And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them.

AKJV: And they understood not the saying which he spoke to them.

ASV: And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them.

YLT: and they did not understand the saying that he spake to them,

Exposition: Luke 2:50 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:51

Greek

καὶ κατέβη μετʼ αὐτῶν καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς Ναζαρὲθ, καὶ ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος αὐτοῖς. καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ διετήρει πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ⸀ταῦτα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς.

kai katebe met ayton kai elthen eis Nazareth, kai en ypotassomenos aytois. kai e meter aytoy dieterei panta ta remata tayta en te kardia aytes.

KJV: And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.

AKJV: And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject to them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.

ASV: And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth; and he was subject unto them: and his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.

YLT: and he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and he was subject to them, and his mother was keeping all these sayings in her heart,

Exposition: Luke 2:51 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 2:52

Greek

Καὶ Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτεν ⸂σοφίᾳ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ⸃ καὶ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις.

Kai Iesoys proekopten sophia kai elikia kai chariti para theo kai anthropois.

KJV: And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man.

AKJV: And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man.

ASV: And Jesus advanced in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men.

YLT: and Jesus was advancing in wisdom, and in stature, and in favour with God and men.

Exposition: Luke 2:52 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.