Apologetics Bible

Luke 23:1

Greek

Καὶ ἀναστὰν ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν Πιλᾶτον.

Kai anastan apan to plethos ayton egagon ayton epi ton Pilaton.

KJV: And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.

AKJV: And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him to Pilate.

ASV: And the whole company of them rose up, and brought him before Pilate.

YLT: And having risen, the whole multitude of them did lead him to Pilate,

Exposition: Luke 23:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:2

Greek

ἤρξαντο δὲ κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ λέγοντες· Τοῦτον εὕραμεν διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος ⸀ἡμῶν καὶ κωλύοντα ⸂φόρους Καίσαρι⸃ διδόναι ⸀καὶ λέγοντα ⸀αὑτὸν χριστὸν βασιλέα εἶναι.

erxanto de kategorein aytoy legontes· Toyton eyramen diastrephonta to ethnos emon kai kolyonta phoroys Kaisari didonai kai legonta ayton christon basilea einai.

KJV: And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Cesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.

AKJV: And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.

ASV: And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this man perverting our nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Cæsar, and saying that he himself is Christ a king.

YLT: and began to accuse him, saying, `This one we found perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying himself to be Christ a king.'

Exposition: Luke 23:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Cesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:3

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος ⸀ἠρώτησεν αὐτὸν λέγων· Σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτῷ ἔφη· Σὺ λέγεις.

o de Pilatos erotesen ayton legon· Sy ei o basileys ton Ioydaion; o de apokritheis ayto ephe· Sy legeis.

KJV: And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest it.

AKJV: And Pilate asked him, saying, Are you the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, You say it.

ASV: And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest.

YLT: And Pilate questioned him, saying, Thou art the king of the Jews?' and he answering him, said, Thou dost say it .'

Exposition: Luke 23:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:4

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος εἶπεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ τοὺς ὄχλους· Οὐδὲν εὑρίσκω αἴτιον ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ.

o de Pilatos eipen pros toys archiereis kai toys ochloys· Oyden eyrisko aition en to anthropo toyto.

KJV: Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no fault in this man.

AKJV: Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no fault in this man.

ASV: And Pilate said unto the chief priests and the multitudes, I find no fault in this man.

YLT: And Pilate said unto the chief priests, and the multitude, `I find no fault in this man;'

Exposition: Luke 23:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no fault in this man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:5

Greek

οἱ δὲ ἐπίσχυον λέγοντες ὅτι Ἀνασείει τὸν λαὸν διδάσκων καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας, ⸀καὶ ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἕως ὧδε.

oi de epischyon legontes oti Anaseiei ton laon didaskon kath oles tes Ioydaias, kai arxamenos apo tes Galilaias eos ode.

KJV: And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.

AKJV: And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.

ASV: But they were the more urgent, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Judæa, and beginning from Galilee even unto this place.

YLT: and they were the more urgent, saying--`He doth stir up the people, teaching throughout the whole of Judea--having begun from Galilee--unto this place.'

Exposition: Luke 23:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:6

Greek

Πιλᾶτος δὲ ⸀ἀκούσας ἐπηρώτησεν εἰ ὁ ἄνθρωπος Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν,

Pilatos de akoysas eperotesen ei o anthropos Galilaios estin,

KJV: When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a Galilean.

AKJV: When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a Galilaean.

ASV: But when Pilate heard it, he asked whether the man were a Galilæan.

YLT: And Pilate having heard of Galilee, questioned if the man is a Galilean,

Exposition: Luke 23:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a Galilean.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:7

Greek

καὶ ἐπιγνοὺς ὅτι ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου ἐστὶν ἀνέπεμψεν αὐτὸν πρὸς Ἡρῴδην, ὄντα καὶ αὐτὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις.

kai epignoys oti ek tes exoysias Erodoy estin anepempsen ayton pros Eroden, onta kai ayton en Ierosolymois en taytais tais emerais.

KJV: And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.

AKJV: And as soon as he knew that he belonged to Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time. ¶

ASV: And when he knew that he was of Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him unto Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem in these days.

YLT: and having known that he is from the jurisdiction of Herod, he sent him back unto Herod, he being also in Jerusalem in those days.

Exposition: Luke 23:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:8

Greek

ὁ δὲ Ἡρῴδης ἰδὼν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐχάρη λίαν, ἦν γὰρ ⸂ἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων θέλων⸃ ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ ⸀ἀκούειν περὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἤλπιζέν τι σημεῖον ἰδεῖν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ γινόμενον.

o de Erodes idon ton Iesoyn echare lian, en gar ex ikanon chronon thelon idein ayton dia to akoyein peri aytoy, kai elpizen ti semeion idein yp aytoy ginomenon.

KJV: And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by him.

AKJV: And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by him.

ASV: Now when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was of a long time desirous to see him, because he had heard concerning him; and he hoped to see some miracle done by him.

YLT: And Herod having seen Jesus did rejoice exceedingly, for he was wishing for a long time to see him, because of hearing many things about him, and he was hoping some sign to see done by him,

Exposition: Luke 23:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:9

Greek

ἐπηρώτα δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν λόγοις ἱκανοῖς· αὐτὸς δὲ οὐδὲν ἀπεκρίνατο αὐτῷ.

eperota de ayton en logois ikanois· aytos de oyden apekrinato ayto.

KJV: Then he questioned with him in many words; but he answered him nothing.

AKJV: Then he questioned with him in many words; but he answered him nothing.

ASV: And he questioned him in many words; but he answered him nothing.

YLT: and was questioning him in many words, and he answered him nothing.

Exposition: Luke 23:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then he questioned with him in many words; but he answered him nothing.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:10

Greek

εἱστήκεισαν δὲ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς εὐτόνως κατηγοροῦντες αὐτοῦ.

eistekeisan de oi archiereis kai oi grammateis eytonos kategoroyntes aytoy.

KJV: And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused him.

AKJV: And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused him.

ASV: And the chief priests and the scribes stood, vehemently accusing him.

YLT: And the chief priests and the scribes stood vehemently accusing him,

Exposition: Luke 23:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:11

Greek

ἐξουθενήσας δὲ αὐτὸν ⸀καὶ ὁ Ἡρῴδης σὺν τοῖς στρατεύμασιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμπαίξας ⸀περιβαλὼν ἐσθῆτα λαμπρὰν ἀνέπεμψεν αὐτὸν τῷ Πιλάτῳ.

exoythenesas de ayton kai o Erodes syn tois strateymasin aytoy kai empaixas peribalon estheta lampran anepempsen ayton to Pilato.

KJV: And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate.

AKJV: And Herod with his men of war set him at nothing, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate. ¶

ASV: And Herod with his soldiers set him at nought, and mocked him, and arraying him in gorgeous apparel sent him back to Pilate.

YLT: and Herod with his soldiers having set him at nought, and having mocked, having put around him gorgeous apparel, did send him back to Pilate,

Exposition: Luke 23:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:12

Greek

ἐγένοντο δὲ φίλοι ὅ τε ⸂Ἡρῴδης καὶ ὁ Πιλᾶτος⸃ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ μετʼ ἀλλήλων· προϋπῆρχον γὰρ ἐν ἔχθρᾳ ὄντες πρὸς ⸀αὑτούς.

egenonto de philoi o te Erodes kai o Pilatos en ayte te emera met allelon· proyperchon gar en echthra ontes pros aytoys.

KJV: And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves.

AKJV: And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves. ¶

ASV: And Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day: for before they were at enmity between themselves.

YLT: and both Pilate and Herod became friends on that day with one another, for they were before at enmity between themselves.

Exposition: Luke 23:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:13

Greek

Πιλᾶτος δὲ συγκαλεσάμενος τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας καὶ τὸν λαὸν

Pilatos de sygkalesamenos toys archiereis kai toys archontas kai ton laon

KJV: And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,

AKJV: And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,

ASV: And Pilate called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,

YLT: And Pilate having called together the chief priests, and the rulers, and the people,

Exposition: Luke 23:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:14

Greek

εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· Προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν ἀνακρίνας ⸀οὐθὲν εὗρον ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ αἴτιον ὧν κατηγορεῖτε κατʼ αὐτοῦ.

eipen pros aytoys· Prosenegkate moi ton anthropon toyton os apostrephonta ton laon, kai idoy ego enopion ymon anakrinas oythen eyron en to anthropo toyto aition on kategoreite kat aytoy.

KJV: Said unto them, Ye have brought this man unto me, as one that perverteth the people: and, behold, I, having examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him:

AKJV: Said to them, You have brought this man to me, as one that perverts the people: and, behold, I, having examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching those things whereof you accuse him:

ASV: and said unto them, Ye brought unto me this man, as one that perverteth the people: and behold, I, having examined him before you, found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him:

YLT: said unto them, `Ye brought to me this man as perverting the people, and lo, I before you having examined, found in this man no fault in those things ye bring forward against him;

Exposition: Luke 23:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Said unto them, Ye have brought this man unto me, as one that perverteth the people: and, behold, I, having examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:15

Greek

ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ Ἡρῴδης, ⸂ἀνέπεμψεν γὰρ αὐτὸν πρὸς ἡμᾶς⸃· καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐδὲν ἄξιον θανάτου ἐστὶν πεπραγμένον αὐτῷ·

all oyde Erodes, anepempsen gar ayton pros emas· kai idoy oyden axion thanatoy estin pepragmenon ayto·

KJV: No, nor yet Herod: for I sent you to him; and, lo, nothing worthy of death is done unto him.

AKJV: No, nor yet Herod: for I sent you to him; and, see, nothing worthy of death is done to him.

ASV: no, nor yet Herod: for he sent him back unto us; and behold, nothing worthy of death hath been done by him.

YLT: no, nor yet Herod, for I sent you back unto him, and lo, nothing worthy of death is having been done by him;

Exposition: Luke 23:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'No, nor yet Herod: for I sent you to him; and, lo, nothing worthy of death is done unto him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:16

Greek

παιδεύσας οὖν αὐτὸν ⸀ἀπολύσω.

paideysas oyn ayton apolyso.

KJV: I will therefore chastise him, and release him.

AKJV: I will therefore chastise him, and release him.

ASV: I will therefore chastise him, and release him.

YLT: having chastised, therefore, I will release him,'

Exposition: Luke 23:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I will therefore chastise him, and release him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:17

KJV: (For of necessity he must release one unto them at the feast.)

AKJV: (For of necessity he must release one to them at the feast.)

YLT: for it was necessary for him to release to them one at every feast,

Exposition: Luke 23:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(For of necessity he must release one unto them at the feast.)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:18

Greek

⸀Ἀνέκραγον δὲ παμπληθεὶ λέγοντες· Αἶρε τοῦτον, ἀπόλυσον δὲ ἡμῖν ⸀τὸν Βαραββᾶν·

Anekragon de pamplethei legontes· Aire toyton, apolyson de emin ton Barabban·

KJV: And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas:

AKJV: And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and release to us Barabbas:

ASV: But they cried out all together, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas:—

YLT: and they cried out--the whole multitude--saying, `Away with this one, and release to us Barabbas,'

Exposition: Luke 23:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:19

Greek

ὅστις ἦν διὰ στάσιν τινὰ γενομένην ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ φόνον ⸂βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ⸃.

ostis en dia stasin tina genomenen en te polei kai phonon bletheis en te phylake.

KJV: (Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.)

AKJV: (Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.)

ASV: one who for a certain insurrection made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.

YLT: who had been, because of a certain sedition made in the city, and murder, cast into prison.

Exposition: Luke 23:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.)'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:20

Greek

πάλιν ⸀δὲ ὁ Πιλᾶτος ⸀προσεφώνησεν, θέλων ἀπολῦσαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν.

palin de o Pilatos prosephonesen, thelon apolysai ton Iesoyn.

KJV: Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them.

AKJV: Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spoke again to them.

ASV: And Pilate spake unto them again, desiring to release Jesus;

YLT: Pilate again then--wishing to release Jesus--called to them,

Exposition: Luke 23:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:21

Greek

οἱ δὲ ἐπεφώνουν λέγοντες· ⸂Σταύρου σταύρου⸃ αὐτόν.

oi de epephonoyn legontes· Stayroy stayroy ayton.

KJV: But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him.

AKJV: But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him.

ASV: but they shouted, saying, Crucify, crucify him.

YLT: but they were calling out, saying, `Crucify, crucify him.'

Exposition: Luke 23:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:22

Greek

ὁ δὲ τρίτον εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· Τί γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν οὗτος; οὐδὲν αἴτιον θανάτου εὗρον ἐν αὐτῷ· παιδεύσας οὖν αὐτὸν ἀπολύσω.

o de triton eipen pros aytoys· Ti gar kakon epoiesen oytos; oyden aition thanatoy eyron en ayto· paideysas oyn ayton apolyso.

KJV: And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go.

AKJV: And he said to them the third time, Why, what evil has he done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go.

ASV: And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath this man done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him and release him.

YLT: And he a third time said unto them, `Why, what evil did he? no cause of death did I find in him; having chastised him, then, I will release him .'

Exposition: Luke 23:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:23

Greek

οἱ δὲ ἐπέκειντο φωναῖς μεγάλαις αἰτούμενοι αὐτὸν σταυρωθῆναι, καὶ κατίσχυον αἱ φωναὶ ⸀αὐτῶν.

oi de epekeinto phonais megalais aitoymenoi ayton stayrothenai, kai katischyon ai phonai ayton.

KJV: And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed.

AKJV: And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed.

ASV: But they were urgent with loud voices, asking that he might be crucified. And their voices prevailed.

YLT: And they were pressing with loud voices asking him to be crucified, and their voices, and those of the chief priests, were prevailing,

Exposition: Luke 23:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:24

Greek

⸀καὶ Πιλᾶτος ἐπέκρινεν γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν·

kai Pilatos epekrinen genesthai to aitema ayton·

KJV: And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required.

AKJV: And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required.

ASV: And Pilate gave sentence that what they asked for should be done.

YLT: and Pilate gave judgment for their request being done,

Exposition: Luke 23:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:25

Greek

ἀπέλυσεν δὲ τὸν διὰ στάσιν καὶ φόνον βεβλημένον ⸀εἰς φυλακὴν ὃν ᾐτοῦντο, τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν παρέδωκεν τῷ θελήματι αὐτῶν.

apelysen de ton dia stasin kai phonon beblemenon eis phylaken on etoynto, ton de Iesoyn paredoken to thelemati ayton.

KJV: And he released unto them him that for sedition and murder was cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to their will.

AKJV: And he released to them him that for sedition and murder was cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to their will.

ASV: And he released him that for insurrection and murder had been cast into prison, whom they asked for; but Jesus he delivered up to their will.

YLT: and he released him who because of sedition and murder hath been cast into the prison, whom they were asking, and Jesus he gave up to their will.

Exposition: Luke 23:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he released unto them him that for sedition and murder was cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to their will.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:26

Greek

Καὶ ὡς ἀπήγαγον αὐτόν, ἐπιλαβόμενοι ⸂Σίμωνά τινα Κυρηναῖον ἐρχόμενον⸃ ἀπʼ ἀγροῦ ἐπέθηκαν αὐτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν φέρειν ὄπισθεν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.

Kai os apegagon ayton, epilabomenoi Simona tina Kyrenaion erchomenon ap agroy epethekan ayto ton stayron pherein opisthen toy Iesoy.

KJV: And as they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus.

AKJV: And as they led him away, they laid hold on one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus. ¶

ASV: And when they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon of Cyrene, coming from the country, and laid on him the cross, to bear it after Jesus.

YLT: And as they led him away, having taken hold on Simon, a certain Cyrenian, coming from the field, they put on him the cross, to bear it behind Jesus.

Exposition: Luke 23:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And as they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:27

Greek

Ἠκολούθει δὲ αὐτῷ πολὺ πλῆθος τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ γυναικῶν ⸀αἳ ἐκόπτοντο καὶ ἐθρήνουν αὐτόν.

Ekoloythei de ayto poly plethos toy laoy kai gynaikon ai ekoptonto kai ethrenoyn ayton.

KJV: And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him.

AKJV: And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him.

ASV: And there followed him a great multitude of the people, and of women who bewailed and lamented him.

YLT: And there was following him a great multitude of the people, and of women, who also were beating themselves and lamenting him,

Exposition: Luke 23:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:28

Greek

στραφεὶς δὲ πρὸς αὐτὰς ⸀ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Θυγατέρες Ἰερουσαλήμ, μὴ κλαίετε ἐπʼ ἐμέ· πλὴν ἐφʼ ἑαυτὰς κλαίετε καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν,

strapheis de pros aytas o Iesoys eipen· Thygateres Ieroysalem, me klaiete ep eme· plen eph eaytas klaiete kai epi ta tekna ymon,

KJV: But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.

AKJV: But Jesus turning to them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.

ASV: But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.

YLT: and Jesus having turned unto them, said, `Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but for yourselves weep ye, and for your children;

Exposition: Luke 23:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:29

Greek

ὅτι ἰδοὺ ἔρχονται ἡμέραι ἐν αἷς ἐροῦσιν Μακάριαι αἱ στεῖραι καὶ ⸀αἱ κοιλίαι αἳ οὐκ ἐγέννησαν καὶ μαστοὶ οἳ οὐκ ⸀ἔθρεψαν.

oti idoy erchontai emerai en ais eroysin Makariai ai steirai kai ai koiliai ai oyk egennesan kai mastoi oi oyk ethrepsan.

KJV: For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck.

AKJV: For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bore, and the breasts which never gave suck.

ASV: For behold, the days are coming, in which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the breasts that never gave suck.

YLT: for, lo, days do come, in which they shall say, Happy the barren, and wombs that did not bare, and paps that did not give suck;

Exposition: Luke 23:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:30

Greek

τότε ἄρξονται λέγειν τοῖς ὄρεσιν· Πέσετε ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς, καὶ τοῖς βουνοῖς· Καλύψατε ἡμᾶς·

tote arxontai legein tois oresin· Pesete eph emas, kai tois boynois· Kalypsate emas·

KJV: Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.

AKJV: Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.

ASV: Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.

YLT: then they shall begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us, and to the hills, Cover us; --

Exposition: Luke 23:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:31

Greek

ὅτι εἰ ἐν ⸀τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν, ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί γένηται;

oti ei en to ygro xylo tayta poioysin, en to xero ti genetai;

KJV: For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?

AKJV: For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?

ASV: For if they do these things in the green tree, what shall be done in the dry?

YLT: for, if in the green tree they do these things--in the dry what may happen?'

Exposition: Luke 23:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:32

Greek

Ἤγοντο δὲ καὶ ἕτεροι ⸂κακοῦργοι δύο⸃ σὺν αὐτῷ ἀναιρεθῆναι.

Egonto de kai eteroi kakoyrgoi dyo syn ayto anairethenai.

KJV: And there were also two other, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.

AKJV: And there were also two other, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.

ASV: And there were also two others, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.

YLT: And there were also others--two evil-doers--with him, to be put to death;

Exposition: Luke 23:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And there were also two other, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:33

Greek

καὶ ὅτε ⸀ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τὸν καλούμενον Κρανίον, ἐκεῖ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς κακούργους, ὃν μὲν ἐκ δεξιῶν ὃν δὲ ἐξ ἀριστερῶν.

kai ote elthon epi ton topon ton kaloymenon Kranion, ekei estayrosan ayton kai toys kakoyrgoys, on men ek dexion on de ex aristeron.

KJV: And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left.

AKJV: And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left. ¶

ASV: And when they came unto the place which is called The skull, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand and the other on the left.

YLT: and when they came to the place that is called Skull, there they crucified him and the evil-doers, one on the right hand and one on the left.

Exposition: Luke 23:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:34

Greek

⸂ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἔλεγεν· Πάτερ, ἄφες αὐτοῖς, οὐ γὰρ οἴδασιν τί ποιοῦσιν.⸃ διαμεριζόμενοι δὲ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἔβαλον ⸀κλήρους.

o de Iesoys elegen· Pater, aphes aytois, oy gar oidasin ti poioysin. diamerizomenoi de ta imatia aytoy ebalon kleroys.

KJV: Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.

AKJV: Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.

ASV: And Jesus said, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And parting his garments among them, they cast lots.

YLT: And Jesus said, `Father, forgive them, for they have not known what they do;' and parting his garments they cast a lot.

Exposition: Luke 23:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:35

Greek

καὶ εἱστήκει ὁ λαὸς θεωρῶν. ἐξεμυκτήριζον δὲ καὶ οἱ ⸀ἄρχοντες λέγοντες· Ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, σωσάτω ἑαυτόν, εἰ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ χριστὸς ⸂τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ⸃ ἐκλεκτός.

kai eistekei o laos theoron. exemykterizon de kai oi archontes legontes· Alloys esosen, sosato eayton, ei oytos estin o christos toy theoy, o eklektos.

KJV: And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the chosen of God.

AKJV: And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the chosen of God.

ASV: And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also scoffed at him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if this is the Christ of God, his chosen.

YLT: And the people were standing, looking on, and the rulers also were sneering with them, saying, `Others he saved, let him save himself, if this be the Christ, the choice one of God.'

Exposition: Luke 23:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the chosen of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:36

Greek

⸀ἐνέπαιξαν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται προσερχόμενοι, ⸀ὄξος προσφέροντες αὐτῷ

enepaixan de ayto kai oi stratiotai proserchomenoi, oxos prospherontes ayto

KJV: And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,

AKJV: And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,

ASV: And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, offering him vinegar,

YLT: And mocking him also were the soldiers, coming near and offering vinegar to him,

Exposition: Luke 23:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:37

Greek

καὶ λέγοντες· Εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, σῶσον σεαυτόν.

kai legontes· Ei sy ei o basileys ton Ioydaion, soson seayton.

KJV: And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself.

AKJV: And saying, If you be the king of the Jews, save yourself.

ASV: and saying, If thou art the King of the Jews, save thyself.

YLT: and saying, `If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself.'

Exposition: Luke 23:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:38

Greek

ἦν δὲ καὶ ⸀ἐπιγραφὴ ἐπʼ ⸀αὐτῷ· Ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ⸀οὗτος.

en de kai epigraphe ep ayto· O basileys ton Ioydaion oytos.

KJV: And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

AKJV: And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS. ¶

ASV: And there was also a superscription over him, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

YLT: And there was also a superscription written over him, in letters of Greek, and Roman, and Hebrew, `This is the King of the Jews.'

Exposition: Luke 23:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:39

Greek

Εἷς δὲ τῶν κρεμασθέντων κακούργων ἐβλασφήμει αὐτόν ⸀λέγων· ⸀Οὐχὶ σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστός; σῶσον σεαυτὸν καὶ ἡμᾶς.

Eis de ton kremasthenton kakoyrgon eblasphemei ayton legon· Oychi sy ei o christos; soson seayton kai emas.

KJV: And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us.

AKJV: And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If you be Christ, save yourself and us.

ASV: And one of the malefactors that were hanged railed on him, saying, Art not thou the Christ? save thyself and us.

YLT: And one of the evil-doers who were hanged, was speaking evil of him, saying, `If thou be the Christ, save thyself and us.'

Exposition: Luke 23:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:40

Greek

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ ἕτερος ⸂ἐπιτιμῶν αὐτῷ ἔφη⸃· Οὐδὲ φοβῇ σὺ τὸν θεόν, ὅτι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κρίματι εἶ;

apokritheis de o eteros epitimon ayto ephe· Oyde phobe sy ton theon, oti en to ayto krimati ei;

KJV: But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?

AKJV: But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Do not you fear God, seeing you are in the same condemnation?

ASV: But the other answered, and rebuking him said, Dost thou not even fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?

YLT: And the other answering, was rebuking him, saying, `Dost thou not even fear God, that thou art in the same judgment?

Exposition: Luke 23:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:41

Greek

καὶ ἡμεῖς μὲν δικαίως, ἄξια γὰρ ὧν ἐπράξαμεν ἀπολαμβάνομεν· οὗτος δὲ οὐδὲν ἄτοπον ἔπραξεν.

kai emeis men dikaios, axia gar on epraxamen apolambanomen· oytos de oyden atopon epraxen.

KJV: And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.

AKJV: And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man has done nothing amiss.

ASV: And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.

YLT: and we indeed righteously, for things worthy of what we did we receive back, but this one did nothing out of place;'

Exposition: Luke 23:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:42

Greek

καὶ ⸀ἔλεγεν· Ἰησοῦ, μνήσθητί ⸀μου ὅταν ἔλθῃς ⸂ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ⸃ σου.

kai elegen· Iesoy, mnestheti moy otan elthes en te basileia soy.

KJV: And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.

AKJV: And he said to Jesus, Lord, remember me when you come into your kingdom.

ASV: And he said, Jesus, remember me when thou comest in thy kingdom.

YLT: and he said to Jesus, `Remember me, lord, when thou mayest come in thy reign;'

Exposition: Luke 23:42 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:43

Greek

καὶ εἶπεν ⸀αὐτῷ· Ἀμήν ⸂σοι λέγω⸃ σήμερον μετʼ ἐμοῦ ἔσῃ ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ.

kai eipen ayto· Amen soi lego semeron met emoy ese en to paradeiso.

KJV: And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.

AKJV: And Jesus said to him, Truly I say to you, To day shall you be with me in paradise.

ASV: And he said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To-day shalt thou be with me in Paradise.

YLT: and Jesus said to him, `Verily I say to thee, To-day with me thou shalt be in the paradise.'

Exposition: Luke 23:43 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:44

Greek

⸂Καὶ ἦν⸃ ⸀ἤδη ὡσεὶ ὥρα ἕκτη καὶ σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφʼ ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης

Kai en ede osei ora ekte kai skotos egeneto eph olen ten gen eos oras enates

KJV: And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.

AKJV: And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.

ASV: And it was now about the sixth hour, and a darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour,

YLT: And it was, as it were, the sixth hour, and darkness came over all the land till the ninth hour,

Exposition: Luke 23:44 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:45

Greek

⸂τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλιπόντος⸃, ἐσχίσθη ⸀δὲ τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ μέσον.

toy elioy eklipontos, eschisthe de to katapetasma toy naoy meson.

KJV: And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.

AKJV: And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the middle. ¶

ASV: the sun’s light failing: and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.

YLT: and the sun was darkened, and the vail of the sanctuary was rent in the midst,

Exposition: Luke 23:45 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:46

Greek

καὶ φωνήσας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Πάτερ, εἰς χεῖράς σου ⸀παρατίθεμαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου. ⸂τοῦτο δὲ⸃ εἰπὼν ἐξέπνευσεν.

kai phonesas phone megale o Iesoys eipen· Pater, eis cheiras soy paratithemai to pneyma moy. toyto de eipon exepneysen.

KJV: And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.

AKJV: And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into your hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.

ASV: And Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said this, he gave up the ghost.

YLT: and having cried with a loud voice, Jesus said, `Father, to Thy hands I commit my spirit;' and these things having said, he breathed forth the spirit.

Exposition: Luke 23:46 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:47

Greek

Ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ ἑκατοντάρχης τὸ γενόμενον ⸀ἐδόξαζεν τὸν θεὸν λέγων· Ὄντως ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιος ἦν.

Idon de o ekatontarches to genomenon edoxazen ton theon legon· Ontos o anthropos oytos dikaios en.

KJV: Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.

AKJV: Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.

ASV: And when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.

YLT: And the centurion having seen what was done, did glorify God, saying, `Really this man was righteous;'

Exposition: Luke 23:47 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:48

Greek

καὶ πάντες οἱ συμπαραγενόμενοι ὄχλοι ἐπὶ τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην, ⸀θεωρήσαντες τὰ γενόμενα, ⸀τύπτοντες τὰ στήθη ὑπέστρεφον.

kai pantes oi symparagenomenoi ochloi epi ten theorian tayten, theoresantes ta genomena, typtontes ta stethe ypestrephon.

KJV: And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.

AKJV: And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.

ASV: And all the multitudes that came together to this sight, when they beheld the things that were done, returned smiting their breasts.

YLT: and all the multitudes who were come together to this sight, beholding the things that came to pass, smiting their breasts did turn back;

Exposition: Luke 23:48 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:49

Greek

εἱστήκεισαν δὲ πάντες οἱ γνωστοὶ ⸀αὐτῷ ⸀μακρόθεν, καὶ γυναῖκες αἱ ⸀συνακολουθοῦσαι αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, ὁρῶσαι ταῦτα.

eistekeisan de pantes oi gnostoi ayto makrothen, kai gynaikes ai synakoloythoysai ayto apo tes Galilaias, orosai tayta.

KJV: And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things.

AKJV: And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things. ¶

ASV: And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed with him from Galilee, stood afar off, seeing these things.

YLT: and all his acquaintances stood afar off, and women who did follow him from Galilee, beholding these things.

Exposition: Luke 23:49 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:50

Greek

Καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνὴρ ὀνόματι Ἰωσὴφ βουλευτὴς ὑπάρχων, ⸀ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ δίκαιος—

Kai idoy aner onomati Ioseph boyleytes yparchon, aner agathos kai dikaios

KJV: And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he was a good man, and a just:

AKJV: And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counselor; and he was a good man, and a just:

ASV: And behold, a man named Joseph, who was a councillor, a good and righteous man

YLT: And lo, a man, by name Joseph, being a counsellor, a man good and righteous,

Exposition: Luke 23:50 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he was a good man, and a just:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:51

Greek

οὗτος οὐκ ἦν συγκατατεθειμένος τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῇ πράξει αὐτῶν— ἀπὸ Ἁριμαθαίας πόλεως τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ὃς ⸀προσεδέχετο τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ,

oytos oyk en sygkatatetheimenos te boyle kai te praxei ayton apo Arimathaias poleos ton Ioydaion, os prosedecheto ten basileian toy theoy,

KJV: (The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathea, a city of the Jews: who also himself waited for the kingdom of God.

AKJV: (The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathaea, a city of the Jews: who also himself waited for the kingdom of God.

ASV: (he had not consented to their counsel and deed), a man of Arimathæa, a city of the Jews, who was looking for the kingdom of God:

YLT: --he was not consenting to their counsel and deed--from Arimathea, a city of the Jews, who also himself was expecting the reign of God,

Exposition: Luke 23:51 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathea, a city of the Jews: who also himself waited for the kingdom of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:52

Greek

οὗτος προσελθὼν τῷ Πιλάτῳ ᾐτήσατο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ,

oytos proselthon to Pilato etesato to soma toy Iesoy,

KJV: This man went unto Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus.

AKJV: This man went to Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus.

ASV: this man went to Pilate, and asked for the body of Jesus.

YLT: he, having gone near to Pilate, asked the body of Jesus,

Exposition: Luke 23:52 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This man went unto Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:53

Greek

καὶ ⸀καθελὼν ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ σινδόνι, καὶ ἔθηκεν ⸀αὐτὸν ἐν μνήματι λαξευτῷ οὗ οὐκ ἦν ⸂οὐδεὶς οὔπω⸃ κείμενος.

kai kathelon enetylixen ayto sindoni, kai etheken ayton en mnemati laxeyto oy oyk en oydeis oypo keimenos.

KJV: And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid.

AKJV: And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a sepulcher that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid.

ASV: And he took it down, and wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb that was hewn in stone, where never man had yet lain.

YLT: and having taken it down, he wrapped it in fine linen, and placed it in a tomb hewn out, where no one was yet laid.

Exposition: Luke 23:53 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:54

Greek

καὶ ἡμέρα ἦν ⸂παρασκευῆς, καὶ⸃ σάββατον ἐπέφωσκεν.

kai emera en paraskeyes, kai sabbaton epephosken.

KJV: And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.

AKJV: And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.

ASV: And it was the day of the Preparation, and the sabbath drew on.

YLT: And the day was a preparation, and sabbath was approaching,

Exposition: Luke 23:54 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:55

Greek

κατακολουθήσασαι δὲ ⸀αἱ γυναῖκες, αἵτινες ἦσαν συνεληλυθυῖαι ⸂ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας αὐτῷ⸃, ἐθεάσαντο τὸ μνημεῖον καὶ ὡς ἐτέθη τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ,

katakoloythesasai de ai gynaikes, aitines esan synelelythyiai ek tes Galilaias ayto, etheasanto to mnemeion kai os etethe to soma aytoy,

KJV: And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the sepulchre, and how his body was laid.

AKJV: And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the sepulcher, and how his body was laid.

ASV: And the women, who had come with him out of Galilee, followed after, and beheld the tomb, and how his body was laid.

YLT: and the women also who have come with him out of Galilee having followed after, beheld the tomb, and how his body was placed,

Exposition: Luke 23:55 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the sepulchre, and how his body was laid.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Luke 23:56

Greek

ὑποστρέψασαι δὲ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα καὶ μύρα. Καὶ τὸ μὲν σάββατον ἡσύχασαν κατὰ τὴν ἐντολήν,

ypostrepsasai de etoimasan aromata kai myra. Kai to men sabbaton esychasan kata ten entolen,

KJV: And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.

AKJV: And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.

ASV: And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments. And on the sabbath they rested according to the commandment.

YLT: and having turned back, they made ready spices and ointments, and on the sabbath, indeed, they rested, according to the command.

Exposition: Luke 23:56 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.