Apologetics Bible

Mark 12:1

Greek

Καὶ ἤρξατο αὐτοῖς ἐν παραβολαῖς ⸀λαλεῖν· Ἀμπελῶνα ⸂ἄνθρωπος ἐφύτευσεν⸃, καὶ περιέθηκεν φραγμὸν καὶ ὤρυξεν ὑπολήνιον καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν πύργον, καὶ ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς, καὶ ἀπεδήμησεν.

Kai erxato aytois en parabolais lalein· Ampelona anthropos ephyteysen, kai perietheken phragmon kai oryxen ypolenion kai okodomesen pyrgon, kai exedeto ayton georgois, kai apedemesen.

KJV: And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.

AKJV: And he began to speak to them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and dig a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to farmers, and went into a far country.

ASV: And he began to speak unto them in parables. A man planted a vineyard, and set a hedge about it, and digged a pit for the winepress, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into another country.

YLT: And he began to speak to them in similes: `A man planted a vineyard, and put a hedge around, and digged an under-wine-vat, and built a tower, and gave it out to husbandmen, and went abroad;

Exposition: Mark 12:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:2

Greek

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς τοὺς γεωργοὺς τῷ καιρῷ δοῦλον, ἵνα παρὰ τῶν γεωργῶν λάβῃ ἀπὸ ⸂τῶν καρπῶν⸃ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος·

kai apesteilen pros toys georgoys to kairo doylon, ina para ton georgon labe apo ton karpon toy ampelonos·

KJV: And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.

AKJV: And at the season he sent to the farmers a servant, that he might receive from the farmers of the fruit of the vineyard.

ASV: And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruits of the vineyard.

YLT: and he sent unto the husbandmen at the due time a servant, that from the husbandmen he may receive from the fruit of the vineyard,

Exposition: Mark 12:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:3

Greek

⸀καὶ λαβόντες αὐτὸν ἔδειραν καὶ ἀπέστειλαν κενόν.

kai labontes ayton edeiran kai apesteilan kenon.

KJV: And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.

AKJV: And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.

ASV: And they took him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.

YLT: and they, having taken him, did severely beat him , and did send him away empty.

Exposition: Mark 12:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:4

Greek

καὶ πάλιν ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἄλλον δοῦλον· ⸀κἀκεῖνον ⸀ἐκεφαλίωσαν καὶ ⸀ἠτίμασαν.

kai palin apesteilen pros aytoys allon doylon· kakeinon ekephaliosan kai etimasan.

KJV: And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.

AKJV: And again he sent to them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.

ASV: And again he sent unto them another servant; and him they wounded in the head, and handled shamefully.

YLT: `And again he sent unto them another servant, and at that one having cast stones, they wounded him in the head, and sent away--dishonoured.

Exposition: Mark 12:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:5

Greek

⸀καὶ ἄλλον ἀπέστειλεν· κἀκεῖνον ἀπέκτειναν, καὶ πολλοὺς ἄλλους, ⸂οὓς μὲν δέροντες οὓς δὲ ἀποκτέννοντες⸃.

kai allon apesteilen· kakeinon apekteinan, kai polloys alloys, oys men derontes oys de apoktennontes.

KJV: And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.

AKJV: And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.

ASV: And he sent another; and him they killed: and many others; beating some, and killing some.

YLT: `And again he sent another, and that one they killed; and many others, some beating, and some killing.

Exposition: Mark 12:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:6

Greek

ἔτι ⸂ἕνα εἶχεν, υἱὸν ἀγαπητόν· ἀπέστειλεν⸃ αὐτὸν ⸂ἔσχατον πρὸς αὐτοὺς⸃ λέγων ὅτι Ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου.

eti ena eichen, yion agapeton· apesteilen ayton eschaton pros aytoys legon oti Entrapesontai ton yion moy.

KJV: Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.

AKJV: Having yet therefore one son, his well beloved, he sent him also last to them, saying, They will reverence my son.

ASV: He had yet one, a beloved son: he sent him last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.

YLT: `Having yet therefore one son--his beloved--he sent also him unto them last, saying--They will reverence my son;

Exposition: Mark 12:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:7

Greek

ἐκεῖνοι δὲ οἱ γεωργοὶ ⸂πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς εἶπαν⸃ ὅτι Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ κληρονόμος· δεῦτε ἀποκτείνωμεν αὐτόν, καὶ ἡμῶν ἔσται ἡ κληρονομία.

ekeinoi de oi georgoi pros eaytoys eipan oti Oytos estin o kleronomos· deyte apokteinomen ayton, kai emon estai e kleronomia.

KJV: But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.

AKJV: But those farmers said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.

ASV: But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.

YLT: and those husbandmen said among themselves--This is the heir, come, we may kill him, and ours shall be the inheritance;

Exposition: Mark 12:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:8

Greek

καὶ λαβόντες ⸂ἀπέκτειναν αὐτόν, καὶ ἐξέβαλον αὐτὸν⸃ ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος.

kai labontes apekteinan ayton, kai exebalon ayton exo toy ampelonos.

KJV: And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.

AKJV: And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.

ASV: And they took him, and killed him, and cast him forth out of the vineyard.

YLT: and having taken him, they did kill, and cast him forth without the vineyard.

Exposition: Mark 12:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:9

Greek

⸀τί ποιήσει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος; ἐλεύσεται καὶ ἀπολέσει τοὺς γεωργούς, καὶ δώσει τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἄλλοις.

ti poiesei o kyrios toy ampelonos; eleysetai kai apolesei toys georgoys, kai dosei ton ampelona allois.

KJV: What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.

AKJV: What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the farmers, and will give the vineyard to others.

ASV: What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.

YLT: `What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard to others.

Exposition: Mark 12:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:10

Greek

οὐδὲ τὴν γραφὴν ταύτην ἀνέγνωτε· Λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας·

oyde ten graphen tayten anegnote· Lithon on apedokimasan oi oikodomoyntes, oytos egenethe eis kephalen gonias·

KJV: And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:

AKJV: And have you not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:

ASV: Have ye not read even this scripture: The stone which the builders rejected,

YLT: And this Writing did ye not read: A stone that the builders rejected, it did become the head of a corner:

Exposition: Mark 12:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:11

Greek

παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν;

para kyrioy egeneto ayte, kai estin thaymaste en ophthalmois emon;

KJV: This was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?

AKJV: This was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes?

ASV: This was from the Lord,

YLT: from the Lord was this, and it is wonderful in our eyes.'

Exposition: Mark 12:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'This was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:12

Greek

Καὶ ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν κρατῆσαι, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν τὸν ὄχλον, ἔγνωσαν γὰρ ὅτι πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὴν παραβολὴν εἶπεν. καὶ ἀφέντες αὐτὸν ἀπῆλθον.

Kai ezetoyn ayton kratesai, kai ephobethesan ton ochlon, egnosan gar oti pros aytoys ten parabolen eipen. kai aphentes ayton apelthon.

KJV: And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.

AKJV: And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way. ¶

ASV: And they sought to lay hold on him; and they feared the multitude; for they perceived that he spake the parable against them: and they left him, and went away.

YLT: And they were seeking to lay hold on him, and they feared the multitude, for they knew that against them he spake the simile, and having left him, they went away;

Exposition: Mark 12:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:13

Greek

Καὶ ἀποστέλλουσιν πρὸς αὐτόν τινας τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ τῶν Ἡρῳδιανῶν ἵνα αὐτὸν ἀγρεύσωσιν λόγῳ.

Kai apostelloysin pros ayton tinas ton Pharisaion kai ton Erodianon ina ayton agreysosin logo.

KJV: And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.

AKJV: And they send to him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.

ASV: And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, that they might catch him in talk.

YLT: and they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, that they may ensnare him in discourse,

Exposition: Mark 12:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:14

Greek

⸀καὶ ἐλθόντες λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· Διδάσκαλε, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀληθὴς εἶ καὶ οὐ μέλει σοι περὶ οὐδενός, οὐ γὰρ βλέπεις εἰς πρόσωπον ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλʼ ἐπʼ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ θεοῦ διδάσκεις· ἔξεστιν ⸂δοῦναι κῆνσον Καίσαρι⸃ ἢ οὔ; δῶμεν ἢ μὴ δῶμεν;

kai elthontes legoysin ayto· Didaskale, oidamen oti alethes ei kai oy melei soi peri oydenos, oy gar blepeis eis prosopon anthropon, all ep aletheias ten odon toy theoy didaskeis· exestin doynai kenson Kaisari e oy; domen e me domen;

KJV: And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Cesar, or not?

AKJV: And when they were come, they say to him, Master, we know that you are true, and care for no man: for you regard not the person of men, but teach the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?

ASV: And when they were come, they say unto him, Teacher, we know that thou art true, and carest not for any one; for thou regardest not the person of men, but of a truth teachest the way of God: Is it lawful to give tribute unto Cæsar, or not?

YLT: and they having come, say to him, `Teacher, we have known that thou art true, and thou art not caring for any one, for thou dost not look to the face of men, but in truth the way of God dost teach; is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar or not? may we give, or may we not give?'

Exposition: Mark 12:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Ce...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:15

Greek

ὁ δὲ εἰδὼς αὐτῶν τὴν ὑπόκρισιν εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Τί με πειράζετε; φέρετέ μοι δηνάριον ἵνα ἴδω.

o de eidos ayton ten ypokrisin eipen aytois· Ti me peirazete; pherete moi denarion ina ido.

KJV: Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.

AKJV: Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, Why tempt you me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.

ASV: Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why make ye trial of me? bring me a denarius, that I may see it.

YLT: And he, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, `Why me do ye tempt? bring me a denary, that I may see;'

Exposition: Mark 12:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:16

Greek

οἱ δὲ ἤνεγκαν. καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Τίνος ἡ εἰκὼν αὕτη καὶ ἡ ἐπιγραφή; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Καίσαρος.

oi de enegkan. kai legei aytois· Tinos e eikon ayte kai e epigraphe; oi de eipan ayto· Kaisaros.

KJV: And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Cesar’s.

AKJV: And they brought it. And he says to them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said to him, Caesar’s.

ASV: And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Cæsar’s.

YLT: and they brought, and he saith to them, Whose is this image, and the inscription?' and they said to him, Caesar's;'

Exposition: Mark 12:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Cesar’s.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:17

Greek

⸂ὁ δὲ⸃ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν ⸀αὐτοῖς· ⸂Τὰ Καίσαρος ἀπόδοτε⸃ Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τῷ θεῷ. καὶ ⸀ἐξεθαύμαζον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.

o de Iesoys eipen aytois· Ta Kaisaros apodote Kaisari kai ta toy theoy to theo. kai exethaymazon ep ayto.

KJV: And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Cesar the things that are Cesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s. And they marvelled at him.

AKJV: And Jesus answering said to them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s. And they marveled at him. ¶

ASV: And Jesus said unto them, Render unto Cæsar the things that are Cæsar’s, and unto God the things that are God’s. And they marvelled greatly at him.

YLT: and Jesus answering said to them, `Give back the things of Caesar to Caesar, and the things of God to God;' and they did wonder at him.

Exposition: Mark 12:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Cesar the things that are Cesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s. And they marvelled at him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:18

Greek

Καὶ ἔρχονται Σαδδουκαῖοι πρὸς αὐτόν, οἵτινες λέγουσιν ἀνάστασιν μὴ εἶναι, καὶ ⸀ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν λέγοντες·

Kai erchontai Saddoykaioi pros ayton, oitines legoysin anastasin me einai, kai eperoton ayton legontes·

KJV: Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,

AKJV: Then come to him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,

ASV: And there come unto him Sadducees, who say that there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,

YLT: And the Sadducees come unto him, who say there is not a rising again, and they questioned him, saying,

Exposition: Mark 12:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:19

Greek

Διδάσκαλε, Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι ἐάν τινος ἀδελφὸς ἀποθάνῃ καὶ καταλίπῃ γυναῖκα καὶ ⸂μὴ ἀφῇ τέκνον⸃, ἵνα λάβῃ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν ⸀γυναῖκα καὶ ἐξαναστήσῃ σπέρμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ.

Didaskale, Moyses egrapsen emin oti ean tinos adelphos apothane kai katalipe gynaika kai me aphe teknon, ina labe o adelphos aytoy ten gynaika kai exanastese sperma to adelpho aytoy.

KJV: Master, Moses wrote unto us, If a man’s brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.

AKJV: Master, Moses wrote to us, If a man’s brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed to his brother.

ASV: Teacher, Moses wrote unto us, If a man’s brother die, and leave a wife behind him, and leave no child, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.

YLT: `Teacher, Moses wrote to us, that if any one's brother may die, and may leave a wife, and may leave no children, that his brother may take his wife, and raise up seed to his brother.

Exposition: Mark 12:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Master, Moses wrote unto us, If a man’s brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:20

Greek

ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοὶ ἦσαν· καὶ ὁ πρῶτος ἔλαβεν γυναῖκα, καὶ ἀποθνῄσκων οὐκ ἀφῆκεν σπέρμα·

epta adelphoi esan· kai o protos elaben gynaika, kai apothneskon oyk apheken sperma·

KJV: Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.

AKJV: Now there were seven brothers: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.

ASV: There were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed;

YLT: `There were then seven brothers, and the first took a wife, and dying, he left no seed;

Exposition: Mark 12:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:21

Greek

καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ἔλαβεν αὐτήν, καὶ ἀπέθανεν ⸂μὴ καταλιπὼν⸃ σπέρμα, καὶ ὁ τρίτος ὡσαύτως·

kai o deyteros elaben ayten, kai apethanen me katalipon sperma, kai o tritos osaytos·

KJV: And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.

AKJV: And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.

ASV: and the second took her, and died, leaving no seed behind him; and the third likewise:

YLT: and the second took her, and died, neither left he seed, and the third in like manner,

Exposition: Mark 12:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:22

Greek

καὶ ⸂οἱ ἑπτὰ⸃ οὐκ ἀφῆκαν σπέρμα· ⸀ἔσχατον πάντων ⸂καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἀπέθανεν⸃.

kai oi epta oyk aphekan sperma· eschaton panton kai e gyne apethanen.

KJV: And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.

AKJV: And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.

ASV: and the seven left no seed. Last of all the woman also died.

YLT: and the seven took her, and left no seed, last of all died also the woman;

Exposition: Mark 12:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:23

Greek

ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει ⸂ὅταν ἀναστῶσιν⸃ τίνος αὐτῶν ἔσται γυνή; οἱ γὰρ ἑπτὰ ἔσχον αὐτὴν γυναῖκα.

en te anastasei otan anastosin tinos ayton estai gyne; oi gar epta eschon ayten gynaika.

KJV: In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.

AKJV: In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.

ASV: In the resurrection whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.

YLT: in the rising again, then, whenever they may rise, of which of them shall she be wife--for the seven had her as wife?'

Exposition: Mark 12:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:24

Greek

⸂ἔφη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς⸃· Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο πλανᾶσθε μὴ εἰδότες τὰς γραφὰς μηδὲ τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ θεοῦ;

ephe aytois o Iesoys· Oy dia toyto planasthe me eidotes tas graphas mede ten dynamin toy theoy;

KJV: And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?

AKJV: And Jesus answering said to them, Do you not therefore err, because you know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?

ASV: Jesus said unto them, Is it not for this cause that ye err, that ye know not the scriptures, nor the power of God?

YLT: And Jesus answering said to them, `Do ye not because of this go astray, not knowing the Writings, nor the power of God?

Exposition: Mark 12:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:25

Greek

ὅταν γὰρ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῶσιν, οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε ⸀γαμίζονται, ἀλλʼ εἰσὶν ὡς ⸀ἄγγελοι ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·

otan gar ek nekron anastosin, oyte gamoysin oyte gamizontai, all eisin os aggeloi en tois oyranois·

KJV: For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.

AKJV: For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.

ASV: For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as angels in heaven.

YLT: for when they may rise out of the dead, they neither marry nor are they given in marriage, but are as messengers who are in the heavens.

Exposition: Mark 12:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:26

Greek

περὶ δὲ τῶν νεκρῶν ὅτι ἐγείρονται οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ Μωϋσέως ἐπὶ τοῦ βάτου ⸀πῶς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ θεὸς λέγων· Ἐγὼ ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ⸂ὁ θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ ὁ⸃ θεὸς Ἰακώβ;

peri de ton nekron oti egeirontai oyk anegnote en te biblo Moyseos epi toy batoy pos eipen ayto o theos legon· Ego o theos Abraam kai o theos Isaak kai o theos Iakob;

KJV: And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?

AKJV: And as touching the dead, that they rise: have you not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spoke to him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?

ASV: But as touching the dead, that they are raised; have ye not read in the book of Moses, in the place concerning the Bush, how God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?

YLT: `And concerning the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the Book of Moses (at The Bush), how God spake to him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob;

Exposition: Mark 12:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:27

Greek

οὐκ ἔστιν ⸀θεὸς νεκρῶν ⸀ἀλλὰ ζώντων· ⸀πολὺ πλανᾶσθε.

oyk estin theos nekron alla zonton· poly planasthe.

KJV: He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore do greatly err.

AKJV: He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: you therefore do greatly err. ¶

ASV: He is not the God of the dead, but of the living: ye do greatly err.

YLT: he is not the God of dead men, but a God of living men; ye then go greatly astray.'

Exposition: Mark 12:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore do greatly err.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:28

Greek

Καὶ προσελθὼν εἷς τῶν γραμματέων ἀκούσας αὐτῶν συζητούντων, ⸀ἰδὼν ὅτι καλῶς ⸂ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς⸃, ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτόν· Ποία ἐστὶν ⸂ἐντολὴ πρώτη πάντων⸃;

Kai proselthon eis ton grammateon akoysas ayton syzetoynton, idon oti kalos apekrithe aytois, eperotesen ayton· Poia estin entole prote panton;

KJV: And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?

AKJV: And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?

ASV: And one of the scribes came, and heard them questioning together, and knowing that he had answered them well, asked him, What commandment is the first of all?

YLT: And one of the scribes having come near, having heard them disputing, knowing that he answered them well, questioned him, `Which is the first command of all?'

Exposition: Mark 12:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:29

Greek

⸂ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς⸃ ὅτι Πρώτη ⸀ἐστίν· Ἄκουε, Ἰσραήλ, κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν κύριος εἷς ἐστιν,

apekrithe o Iesoys oti Prote estin· Akoye, Israel, kyrios o theos emon kyrios eis estin,

KJV: And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:

AKJV: And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:

ASV: Jesus answered, The first is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God, the Lord is one:

YLT: and Jesus answered him--`The first of all the commands is , Hear, O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one;

Exposition: Mark 12:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:30

Greek

καὶ ἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης ⸀τῆς καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς διανοίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ἰσχύος ⸀σου.

kai agapeseis kyrion ton theon soy ex oles tes kardias soy kai ex oles tes psyches soy kai ex oles tes dianoias soy kai ex oles tes ischyos soy.

KJV: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.

AKJV: And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength: this is the first commandment.

ASV: and thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength.

YLT: and thou shalt love the Lord thy God out of all thy heart, and out of thy soul, and out of all thine understanding, and out of all thy strength--this is the first command;

Exposition: Mark 12:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:31

Greek

⸀δευτέρα αὕτη· Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν. μείζων τούτων ἄλλη ἐντολὴ οὐκ ἔστιν.

deytera ayte· Agapeseis ton plesion soy os seayton. meizon toyton alle entole oyk estin.

KJV: And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

AKJV: And the second is like, namely this, You shall love your neighbor as yourself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

ASV: The second is this, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

YLT: and the second is like it , this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself; --greater than these there is no other command.'

Exposition: Mark 12:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:32

Greek

⸀καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ γραμματεύς· Καλῶς, διδάσκαλε, ἐπʼ ἀληθείας εἶπες ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλος πλὴν αὐτοῦ·

kai eipen ayto o grammateys· Kalos, didaskale, ep aletheias eipes oti eis estin kai oyk estin allos plen aytoy·

KJV: And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:

AKJV: And the scribe said to him, Well, Master, you have said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:

ASV: And the scribe said unto him, Of a truth, Teacher, thou hast well said that he is one; and there is none other but he:

YLT: And the scribe said to him, `Well, Teacher, in truth thou hast spoken that there is one God, and there is none other but He;

Exposition: Mark 12:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:33

Greek

καὶ τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν ἐξ ὅλης ⸀τῆς καρδίας καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ⸀συνέσεως καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ἰσχύος καὶ τὸ ἀγαπᾶν τὸν πλησίον ὡς ἑαυτὸν ⸀περισσότερόν ἐστιν πάντων τῶν ὁλοκαυτωμάτων καὶ θυσιῶν.

kai to agapan ayton ex oles tes kardias kai ex oles tes syneseos kai ex oles tes ischyos kai to agapan ton plesion os eayton perissoteron estin panton ton olokaytomaton kai thysion.

KJV: And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

AKJV: And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

ASV: and to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is much more than all whole burnt-offerings and sacrifices.

YLT: and to love Him out of all the heart, and out of all the understanding, and out of all the soul, and out of all the strength, and to love one's neighbour as one's self, is more than all the whole burnt-offerings and the sacrifices.'

Exposition: Mark 12:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:34

Greek

καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἰδὼν ⸀αὐτὸν ὅτι νουνεχῶς ἀπεκρίθη εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Οὐ μακρὰν εἶ ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ. καὶ οὐδεὶς οὐκέτι ἐτόλμα αὐτὸν ἐπερωτῆσαι.

kai o Iesoys idon ayton oti noynechos apekrithe eipen ayto· Oy makran ei apo tes basileias toy theoy. kai oydeis oyketi etolma ayton eperotesai.

KJV: And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.

AKJV: And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said to him, You are not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that dared ask him any question. ¶

ASV: And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.

YLT: And Jesus, having seen him that he answered with understanding, said to him, `Thou art not far from the reign of God;' and no one any more durst question him.

Exposition: Mark 12:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:35

Greek

Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἔλεγεν διδάσκων ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ· Πῶς λέγουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς ὅτι ὁ χριστὸς υἱὸς ⸂Δαυίδ ἐστιν⸃;

Kai apokritheis o Iesoys elegen didaskon en to iero· Pos legoysin oi grammateis oti o christos yios Dayid estin;

KJV: And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David?

AKJV: And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the son of David?

ASV: And Jesus answered and said, as he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that the Christ is the son of David?

YLT: And Jesus answering said, teaching in the temple, `How say the scribes that the Christ is son of David?

Exposition: Mark 12:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:36

Greek

⸀αὐτὸς Δαυὶδ εἶπεν ἐν ⸂τῷ πνεύματι τῷ⸃ ἁγίῳ· ⸀Εἶπεν ⸀κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου· ⸀Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ⸀ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν σου.

aytos Dayid eipen en to pneymati to agio· Eipen kyrios to kyrio moy· Kathoy ek dexion moy eos an tho toys echthroys soy ypokato ton podon soy.

KJV: For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.

AKJV: For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit you on my right hand, till I make your enemies your footstool.

ASV: David himself said in the Holy Spirit, The Lord said unto my Lord,

YLT: for David himself said in the Holy Spirit, The Lord said to my lord, Sit thou on My right hand, till I place thine enemies--thy footstool;

Exposition: Mark 12:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:37

Greek

⸀αὐτὸς Δαυὶδ λέγει αὐτὸν κύριον, καὶ πόθεν ⸂αὐτοῦ ἐστιν υἱός⸃; καὶ ὁ πολὺς ὄχλος ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ ἡδέως.

aytos Dayid legei ayton kyrion, kai pothen aytoy estin yios; kai o polys ochlos ekoyen aytoy edeos.

KJV: David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.

AKJV: David therefore himself calls him Lord; and from where is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly. ¶

ASV: David himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he his son? And the common people heard him gladly.

YLT: therefore David himself saith of him Lord, and whence is he his son?' And the great multitude were hearing him gladly,

Exposition: Mark 12:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:38

Greek

Καὶ ⸂ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ ἔλεγεν⸃· Βλέπετε ἀπὸ τῶν γραμματέων τῶν θελόντων ἐν στολαῖς περιπατεῖν καὶ ἀσπασμοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς

Kai en te didache aytoy elegen· Blepete apo ton grammateon ton thelonton en stolais peripatein kai aspasmoys en tais agorais

KJV: And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

AKJV: And he said to them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

ASV: And in his teaching he said, Beware of the scribes, who desire to walk in long robes, andto have salutations in the marketplaces,

YLT: and he was saying to them in his teaching, `Beware of the scribes, who will in long robes to walk, and love salutations in the market-places,

Exposition: Mark 12:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:39

Greek

καὶ πρωτοκαθεδρίας ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ πρωτοκλισίας ἐν τοῖς δείπνοις,

kai protokathedrias en tais synagogais kai protoklisias en tois deipnois,

KJV: And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:

AKJV: And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:

ASV: and chief seats in the synagogues, and chief places at feasts:

YLT: and first seats in the synagogues, and first couches in suppers,

Exposition: Mark 12:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:40

Greek

οἱ κατεσθίοντες τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν καὶ προφάσει μακρὰ προσευχόμενοι· οὗτοι λήμψονται περισσότερον κρίμα.

oi katesthiontes tas oikias ton cheron kai prophasei makra proseychomenoi· oytoi lempsontai perissoteron krima.

KJV: Which devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.

AKJV: Which devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation. ¶

ASV: they that devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayers; these shall receive greater condemnation.

YLT: who are devouring the widows' houses, and for a pretence are making long prayers; these shall receive more abundant judgment.'

Exposition: Mark 12:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:41

Greek

Καὶ ⸀καθίσας ⸀κατέναντι τοῦ γαζοφυλακίου ἐθεώρει πῶς ὁ ὄχλος βάλλει χαλκὸν εἰς τὸ γαζοφυλάκιον· καὶ πολλοὶ πλούσιοι ἔβαλλον πολλά·

Kai kathisas katenanti toy gazophylakioy etheorei pos o ochlos ballei chalkon eis to gazophylakion· kai polloi ploysioi eballon polla·

KJV: And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.

AKJV: And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.

ASV: And he sat down over against the treasury, and beheld how the multitude cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.

YLT: And Jesus having sat down over-against the treasury, was beholding how the multitude do put brass into the treasury, and many rich were putting in much,

Exposition: Mark 12:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:42

Greek

καὶ ἐλθοῦσα μία χήρα πτωχὴ ἔβαλεν λεπτὰ δύο, ὅ ἐστιν κοδράντης.

kai elthoysa mia chera ptoche ebalen lepta dyo, o estin kodrantes.

KJV: And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.

AKJV: And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.

ASV: And there came a poor widow, and she cast in two mites, which make a farthing.

YLT: and having come, a poor widow did put in two mites, which are a farthing.

Exposition: Mark 12:42 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:43

Greek

καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ ⸀εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ἡ χήρα αὕτη ἡ πτωχὴ πλεῖον πάντων ⸀ἔβαλεν τῶν βαλλόντων εἰς τὸ γαζοφυλάκιον·

kai proskalesamenos toys mathetas aytoy eipen aytois· Amen lego ymin oti e chera ayte e ptoche pleion panton ebalen ton ballonton eis to gazophylakion·

KJV: And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:

AKJV: And he called to him his disciples, and says to them, Truly I say to you, That this poor widow has cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:

ASV: And he called unto him his disciples, and said unto them, Verily I say unto you, This poor widow cast in more than all they that are casting into the treasury:

YLT: And having called near his disciples, he saith to them, `Verily I say to you, that this poor widow hath put in more than all those putting into the treasury;

Exposition: Mark 12:43 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 12:44

Greek

πάντες γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύοντος αὐτοῖς ἔβαλον, αὕτη δὲ ἐκ τῆς ὑστερήσεως αὐτῆς πάντα ὅσα εἶχεν ἔβαλεν, ὅλον τὸν βίον αὐτῆς.

pantes gar ek toy perisseyontos aytois ebalon, ayte de ek tes ystereseos aytes panta osa eichen ebalen, olon ton bion aytes.

KJV: For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.

AKJV: For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.

ASV: for they all did cast in of their superfluity; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.

YLT: for all, out of their abundance, put in, but she, out of her want, all that she had put in--all her living.'

Exposition: Mark 12:44 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.