Apologetics Bible

Mark 15:1

Greek

Καὶ ⸀εὐθὺς πρωῒ συμβούλιον ποιήσαντες οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ γραμματέων καὶ ὅλον τὸ συνέδριον δήσαντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπήνεγκαν καὶ ⸀παρέδωκαν Πιλάτῳ.

Kai eythys proi symboylion poiesantes oi archiereis meta ton presbyteron kai grammateon kai olon to synedrion desantes ton Iesoyn apenegkan kai paredokan Pilato.

KJV: And straightway in the morning the chief priests held a consultation with the elders and scribes and the whole council, and bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him to Pilate.

AKJV: And straightway in the morning the chief priests held a consultation with the elders and scribes and the whole council, and bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him to Pilate.

ASV: And straightway in the morning the chief priests with the elders and scribes, and the whole council, held a consultation, and bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him up to Pilate.

YLT: And immediately, in the morning, the chief priests having made a consultation, with the elders, and scribes, and the whole sanhedrim, having bound Jesus, did lead away, and delivered him to Pilate;

Exposition: Mark 15:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And straightway in the morning the chief priests held a consultation with the elders and scribes and the whole council, and bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him to Pilate.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:2

Greek

καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτὸν ὁ Πιλᾶτος· Σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς ⸂αὐτῷ λέγει⸃· Σὺ λέγεις.

kai eperotesen ayton o Pilatos· Sy ei o basileys ton Ioydaion; o de apokritheis ayto legei· Sy legeis.

KJV: And Pilate asked him, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answering said unto him, Thou sayest it.

AKJV: And Pilate asked him, Are you the King of the Jews? And he answering said to them, You say it.

ASV: And Pilate asked him, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answering saith unto him, Thou sayest.

YLT: and Pilate questioned him, Art thou the king of the Jews?' and he answering said to him, Thou dost say it .'

Exposition: Mark 15:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Pilate asked him, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answering said unto him, Thou sayest it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:3

Greek

καὶ κατηγόρουν αὐτοῦ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς πολλά.

kai kategoroyn aytoy oi archiereis polla.

KJV: And the chief priests accused him of many things: but he answered nothing.

AKJV: And the chief priests accused him of many things: but he answered nothing.

ASV: And the chief priests accused him of many things.

YLT: And the chief priests were accusing him of many things, but he answered nothing.

Exposition: Mark 15:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the chief priests accused him of many things: but he answered nothing.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:4

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος πάλιν ⸀ἐπηρώτα αὐτὸν λέγων· Οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν; ἴδε πόσα σου ⸀κατηγοροῦσιν.

o de Pilatos palin eperota ayton legon· Oyk apokrine oyden; ide posa soy kategoroysin.

KJV: And Pilate asked him again, saying, Answerest thou nothing? behold how many things they witness against thee.

AKJV: And Pilate asked him again, saying, Answer you nothing? behold how many things they witness against you.

ASV: And Pilate again asked him, saying, Answerest thou nothing? behold how many things they accuse thee of.

YLT: And Pilate again questioned him, saying, `Thou dost not answer anything! lo, how many things they do testify against thee!'

Exposition: Mark 15:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Pilate asked him again, saying, Answerest thou nothing? behold how many things they witness against thee.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:5

Greek

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς οὐκέτι οὐδὲν ἀπεκρίθη, ὥστε θαυμάζειν τὸν Πιλᾶτον.

o de Iesoys oyketi oyden apekrithe, oste thaymazein ton Pilaton.

KJV: But Jesus yet answered nothing; so that Pilate marvelled.

AKJV: But Jesus yet answered nothing; so that Pilate marveled.

ASV: But Jesus no more answered anything; insomuch that Pilate marvelled.

YLT: and Jesus did no more answer anything, so that Pilate wondered.

Exposition: Mark 15:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Jesus yet answered nothing; so that Pilate marvelled.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:6

Greek

Κατὰ δὲ ἑορτὴν ἀπέλυεν αὐτοῖς ἕνα δέσμιον ⸂ὃν παρῃτοῦντο⸃.

Kata de eorten apelyen aytois ena desmion on paretoynto.

KJV: Now at that feast he released unto them one prisoner, whomsoever they desired.

AKJV: Now at that feast he released to them one prisoner, whomsoever they desired.

ASV: Now at the feast he used to release unto them one prisoner, whom they asked of him.

YLT: And at every feast he was releasing to them one prisoner, whomsoever they were asking;

Exposition: Mark 15:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now at that feast he released unto them one prisoner, whomsoever they desired.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:7

Greek

ἦν δὲ ὁ λεγόμενος Βαραββᾶς μετὰ τῶν ⸀στασιαστῶν δεδεμένος οἵτινες ἐν τῇ στάσει φόνον πεποιήκεισαν.

en de o legomenos Barabbas meta ton stasiaston dedemenos oitines en te stasei phonon pepoiekeisan.

KJV: And there was one named Barabbas, which lay bound with them that had made insurrection with him, who had committed murder in the insurrection.

AKJV: And there was one named Barabbas, which lay bound with them that had made insurrection with him, who had committed murder in the insurrection.

ASV: And there was one called Barabbas, lying bound with them that had made insurrection, men who in the insurrection had committed murder.

YLT: and there was one named Barabbas, bound with those making insurrection with him, who had in the insurrection committed murder.

Exposition: Mark 15:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And there was one named Barabbas, which lay bound with them that had made insurrection with him, who had committed murder in the insurrection.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:8

Greek

καὶ ⸀ἀναβὰς ὁ ὄχλος ἤρξατο αἰτεῖσθαι ⸀καθὼς ἐποίει αὐτοῖς.

kai anabas o ochlos erxato aiteisthai kathos epoiei aytois.

KJV: And the multitude crying aloud began to desire him to do as he had ever done unto them.

AKJV: And the multitude crying aloud began to desire him to do as he had ever done to them.

ASV: And the multitude went up and began to ask him to do as he was wont to do unto them.

YLT: And the multitude having cried out, began to ask for themselves as he was always doing to them,

Exposition: Mark 15:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the multitude crying aloud began to desire him to do as he had ever done unto them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:9

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς λέγων· Θέλετε ἀπολύσω ὑμῖν τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἰουδαίων;

o de Pilatos apekrithe aytois legon· Thelete apolyso ymin ton basilea ton Ioydaion;

KJV: But Pilate answered them, saying, Will ye that I release unto you the King of the Jews?

AKJV: But Pilate answered them, saying, Will you that I release to you the King of the Jews?

ASV: And Pilate answered them, saying, Will ye that I release unto you the King of the Jews?

YLT: and Pilate answered them, saying, `Will ye that I shall release to you the king of the Jews?'

Exposition: Mark 15:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But Pilate answered them, saying, Will ye that I release unto you the King of the Jews?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:10

Greek

ἐγίνωσκεν γὰρ ὅτι διὰ φθόνον παραδεδώκεισαν αὐτὸν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς.

eginosken gar oti dia phthonon paradedokeisan ayton oi archiereis.

KJV: For he knew that the chief priests had delivered him for envy.

AKJV: For he knew that the chief priests had delivered him for envy.

ASV: For he perceived that for envy the chief priests had delivered him up.

YLT: for he knew that because of envy the chief priests had delivered him up;

Exposition: Mark 15:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For he knew that the chief priests had delivered him for envy.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:11

Greek

οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς ἀνέσεισαν τὸν ὄχλον ἵνα μᾶλλον τὸν Βαραββᾶν ἀπολύσῃ αὐτοῖς.

oi de archiereis aneseisan ton ochlon ina mallon ton Barabban apolyse aytois.

KJV: But the chief priests moved the people, that he should rather release Barabbas unto them.

AKJV: But the chief priests moved the people, that he should rather release Barabbas to them.

ASV: But the chief priests stirred up the multitude, that he should rather release Barabbas unto them.

YLT: and the chief priests did move the multitude, that he might rather release Barabbas to them.

Exposition: Mark 15:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But the chief priests moved the people, that he should rather release Barabbas unto them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:12

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος ⸂πάλιν ἀποκριθεὶς ἔλεγεν⸃ αὐτοῖς· Τί οὖν ⸀θέλετε ποιήσω ⸂ὃν λέγετε⸃ ⸀τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἰουδαίων;

o de Pilatos palin apokritheis elegen aytois· Ti oyn thelete poieso on legete ton basilea ton Ioydaion;

KJV: And Pilate answered and said again unto them, What will ye then that I shall do unto him whom ye call the King of the Jews?

AKJV: And Pilate answered and said again to them, What will you then that I shall do to him whom you call the King of the Jews?

ASV: And Pilate again answered and said unto them, What then shall I do unto him whom ye call the King of the Jews?

YLT: And Pilate answering, again said to them, `What, then, will ye that I shall do to him whom ye call king of the Jews?'

Exposition: Mark 15:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Pilate answered and said again unto them, What will ye then that I shall do unto him whom ye call the King of the Jews?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:13

Greek

οἱ δὲ πάλιν ἔκραξαν· Σταύρωσον αὐτόν.

oi de palin ekraxan· Stayroson ayton.

KJV: And they cried out again, Crucify him.

AKJV: And they cried out again, Crucify him.

ASV: And they cried out again, Crucify him.

YLT: and they again cried out, `Crucify him.'

Exposition: Mark 15:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they cried out again, Crucify him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:14

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Τί γὰρ ⸂ἐποίησεν κακόν⸃; οἱ δὲ ⸀περισσῶς ἔκραξαν· Σταύρωσον αὐτόν.

o de Pilatos elegen aytois· Ti gar epoiesen kakon; oi de perissos ekraxan· Stayroson ayton.

KJV: Then Pilate said unto them, Why, what evil hath he done? And they cried out the more exceedingly, Crucify him.

AKJV: Then Pilate said to them, Why, what evil has he done? And they cried out the more exceedingly, Crucify him. ¶

ASV: And Pilate said unto them, Why, what evil hath he done? But they cried out exceedingly, Crucify him.

YLT: And Pilate said to them, Why--what evil did he?' and they cried out the more vehemently, Crucify him;'

Exposition: Mark 15:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then Pilate said unto them, Why, what evil hath he done? And they cried out the more exceedingly, Crucify him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:15

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος βουλόμενος τῷ ὄχλῳ τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιῆσαι ἀπέλυσεν αὐτοῖς τὸν Βαραββᾶν, καὶ παρέδωκεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας ἵνα σταυρωθῇ.

o de Pilatos boylomenos to ochlo to ikanon poiesai apelysen aytois ton Barabban, kai paredoken ton Iesoyn phragellosas ina stayrothe.

KJV: And so Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas unto them, and delivered Jesus, when he had scourged him, to be crucified.

AKJV: And so Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas to them, and delivered Jesus, when he had scourged him, to be crucified.

ASV: And Pilate, wishing to content the multitude, released unto them Barabbas, and delivered Jesus, when he had scourged him, to be crucified.

YLT: and Pilate, wishing to content the multitude, released to them Barabbas, and delivered up Jesus--having scourged him --that he might be crucified.

Exposition: Mark 15:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And so Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas unto them, and delivered Jesus, when he had scourged him, to be crucified.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:16

Greek

Οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἀπήγαγον αὐτὸν ἔσω τῆς αὐλῆς, ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον, καὶ συγκαλοῦσιν ὅλην τὴν σπεῖραν.

Oi de stratiotai apegagon ayton eso tes ayles, o estin praitorion, kai sygkaloysin olen ten speiran.

KJV: And the soldiers led him away into the hall, called Pretorium; and they call together the whole band.

AKJV: And the soldiers led him away into the hall, called Praetorium; and they call together the whole band.

ASV: And the soldiers led him away within the court, which is the Prætorium; and they call together the whole band.

YLT: And the soldiers led him away into the hall, which is Praetorium, and call together the whole band,

Exposition: Mark 15:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the soldiers led him away into the hall, called Pretorium; and they call together the whole band.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:17

Greek

καὶ ⸀ἐνδιδύσκουσιν αὐτὸν πορφύραν καὶ περιτιθέασιν αὐτῷ πλέξαντες ἀκάνθινον στέφανον·

kai endidyskoysin ayton porphyran kai perititheasin ayto plexantes akanthinon stephanon·

KJV: And they clothed him with purple, and platted a crown of thorns, and put it about his head,

AKJV: And they clothed him with purple, and platted a crown of thorns, and put it about his head,

ASV: And they clothe him with purple, and platting a crown of thorns, they put it on him;

YLT: and clothe him with purple, and having plaited a crown of thorns, they put it on him,

Exposition: Mark 15:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they clothed him with purple, and platted a crown of thorns, and put it about his head,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:18

Greek

καὶ ἤρξαντο ἀσπάζεσθαι αὐτόν· Χαῖρε, ⸀βασιλεῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων·

kai erxanto aspazesthai ayton· Chaire, basiley ton Ioydaion·

KJV: And began to salute him, Hail, King of the Jews!

AKJV: And began to salute him, Hail, King of the Jews!

ASV: and they began to salute him, Hail, King of the Jews!

YLT: and began to salute him, `Hail, King of the Jews.'

Exposition: Mark 15:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And began to salute him, Hail, King of the Jews!'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:19

Greek

καὶ ἔτυπτον αὐτοῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν καλάμῳ καὶ ἐνέπτυον αὐτῷ, καὶ τιθέντες τὰ γόνατα προσεκύνουν αὐτῷ.

kai etypton aytoy ten kephalen kalamo kai eneptyon ayto, kai tithentes ta gonata prosekynoyn ayto.

KJV: And they smote him on the head with a reed, and did spit upon him, and bowing their knees worshipped him.

AKJV: And they smote him on the head with a reed, and did spit on him, and bowing their knees worshipped him.

ASV: And they smote his head with a reed, and spat upon him, and bowing their knees worshipped him.

YLT: And they were smiting him on the head with a reed, and were spitting on him, and having bent the knee, were bowing to him,

Exposition: Mark 15:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they smote him on the head with a reed, and did spit upon him, and bowing their knees worshipped him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:20

Greek

καὶ ὅτε ἐνέπαιξαν αὐτῷ, ἐξέδυσαν αὐτὸν τὴν πορφύραν καὶ ἐνέδυσαν αὐτὸν τὰ ἱμάτια ⸂τὰ ἴδια⸃. καὶ ἐξάγουσιν αὐτὸν ἵνα ⸀σταυρώσωσιν αὐτόν.

kai ote enepaixan ayto, exedysan ayton ten porphyran kai enedysan ayton ta imatia ta idia. kai exagoysin ayton ina stayrososin ayton.

KJV: And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him.

AKJV: And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him.

ASV: And when they had mocked him, they took off from him the purple, and put on him his garments. And they lead him out to crucify him.

YLT: and when they had mocked him, they took the purple from off him, and clothed him in his own garments, and they led him forth, that they may crucify him.

Exposition: Mark 15:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:21

Greek

Καὶ ἀγγαρεύουσιν παράγοντά τινα Σίμωνα Κυρηναῖον ἐρχόμενον ἀπʼ ἀγροῦ, τὸν πατέρα Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Ῥούφου, ἵνα ἄρῃ τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ.

Kai aggareyoysin paragonta tina Simona Kyrenaion erchomenon ap agroy, ton patera Alexandroy kai Royphoy, ina are ton stayron aytoy.

KJV: And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.

AKJV: And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.

ASV: And they compel one passing by, Simon of Cyrene, coming from the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to go with them, that he might bear his cross.

YLT: And they impress a certain one passing by--Simon, a Cyrenian, coming from the field, the father of Alexander and Rufus--that he may bear his cross,

Exposition: Mark 15:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:22

Greek

καὶ φέρουσιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ ⸀τὸν ⸀Γολγοθᾶν τόπον, ὅ ἐστιν ⸀μεθερμηνευόμενον Κρανίου Τόπος.

kai pheroysin ayton epi ton Golgothan topon, o estin methermeneyomenon Kranioy Topos.

KJV: And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull.

AKJV: And they bring him to the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull.

ASV: And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull.

YLT: and they bring him to the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, `Place of a skull;'

Exposition: Mark 15:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:23

Greek

καὶ ἐδίδουν ⸀αὐτῷ ἐσμυρνισμένον οἶνον, ⸀ὃς δὲ οὐκ ἔλαβεν.

kai edidoyn ayto esmyrnismenon oinon, os de oyk elaben.

KJV: And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.

AKJV: And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.

ASV: And they offered him wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.

YLT: and they were giving him to drink wine mingled with myrrh, and he did not receive.

Exposition: Mark 15:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:24

Greek

καὶ ⸂σταυροῦσιν αὐτὸν καὶ⸃ διαμερίζονται τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, βάλλοντες κλῆρον ἐπʼ αὐτὰ τίς τί ἄρῃ.

kai stayroysin ayton kai diamerizontai ta imatia aytoy, ballontes kleron ep ayta tis ti are.

KJV: And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take.

AKJV: And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, casting lots on them, what every man should take.

ASV: And they crucify him, and part his garments among them, casting lots upon them, what each should take.

YLT: And having crucified him, they were dividing his garments, casting a lot upon them, what each may take;

Exposition: Mark 15:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:25

Greek

Ἦν δὲ ὥρα τρίτη καὶ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν.

En de ora trite kai estayrosan ayton.

KJV: And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.

AKJV: And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.

ASV: And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.

YLT: and it was the third hour, and they crucified him;

Exposition: Mark 15:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:26

Greek

καὶ ἦν ἡ ἐπιγραφὴ τῆς αἰτίας αὐτοῦ ἐπιγεγραμμένη· Ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.

kai en e epigraphe tes aitias aytoy epigegrammene· O basileys ton Ioydaion.

KJV: And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

AKJV: And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

ASV: And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

YLT: and the inscription of his accusation was written above--`The King of the Jews.'

Exposition: Mark 15:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:27

Greek

καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ σταυροῦσιν δύο λῃστάς, ἕνα ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἕνα ἐξ εὐωνύμων ⸀αὐτοῦ.

kai syn ayto stayroysin dyo lestas, ena ek dexion kai ena ex eyonymon aytoy.

KJV: And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left.

AKJV: And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left.

ASV: And with him they crucify two robbers; one on his right hand, and one on his left.

YLT: And with him they crucify two robbers, one on the right hand, and one on his left,

Exposition: Mark 15:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:28

KJV: And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors.

AKJV: And the scripture was fulfilled, which says, And he was numbered with the transgressors.

YLT: and the Writing was fulfilled that is saying, `And with lawless ones he was numbered.'

Exposition: Mark 15:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:29

Greek

Καὶ οἱ παραπορευόμενοι ἐβλασφήμουν αὐτὸν κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν καὶ λέγοντες· Οὐὰ ὁ καταλύων τὸν ναὸν καὶ ⸂οἰκοδομῶν ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις⸃,

Kai oi paraporeyomenoi eblasphemoyn ayton kinoyntes tas kephalas ayton kai legontes· Oya o katalyon ton naon kai oikodomon en trisin emerais,

KJV: And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah, thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days,

AKJV: And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah, you that destroy the temple, and build it in three days,

ASV: And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ha! thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days,

YLT: And those passing by were speaking evil of him, shaking their heads, and saying, `Ah, the thrower down of the sanctuary, and in three days the builder!

Exposition: Mark 15:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah, thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:30

Greek

σῶσον σεαυτὸν ⸀καταβὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ.

soson seayton katabas apo toy stayroy.

KJV: Save thyself, and come down from the cross.

AKJV: Save yourself, and come down from the cross.

ASV: save thyself, and come down from the cross.

YLT: save thyself, and come down from the cross!'

Exposition: Mark 15:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Save thyself, and come down from the cross.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:31

Greek

ὁμοίως καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς ἐμπαίζοντες πρὸς ἀλλήλους μετὰ τῶν γραμματέων ἔλεγον· Ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται σῶσαι·

omoios kai oi archiereis empaizontes pros alleloys meta ton grammateon elegon· Alloys esosen, eayton oy dynatai sosai·

KJV: Likewise also the chief priests mocking said among themselves with the scribes, He saved others; himself he cannot save.

AKJV: Likewise also the chief priests mocking said among themselves with the scribes, He saved others; himself he cannot save.

ASV: In like manner also the chief priests mocking him among themselves with the scribes said, He saved others; himself he cannot save.

YLT: And in like manner also the chief priests, mocking with one another, with the scribes, said, `Others he saved; himself he is not able to save.

Exposition: Mark 15:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Likewise also the chief priests mocking said among themselves with the scribes, He saved others; himself he cannot save.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:32

Greek

ὁ χριστὸς ὁ ⸀βασιλεὺς Ἰσραὴλ καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, ἵνα ἴδωμεν καὶ ⸀πιστεύσωμεν. καὶ οἱ συνεσταυρωμένοι ⸀σὺν αὐτῷ ὠνείδιζον αὐτόν.

o christos o basileys Israel katabato nyn apo toy stayroy, ina idomen kai pisteysomen. kai oi synestayromenoi syn ayto oneidizon ayton.

KJV: Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled him.

AKJV: Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled him.

ASV: Let the Christ, the King of Israel, now come down from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reproached him.

YLT: The Christ! the king of Israel--let him come down now from the cross, that we may see and believe;' and those crucified with him were reproaching him.

Exposition: Mark 15:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:33

Greek

⸂Καὶ γενομένης⸃ ὥρας ἕκτης σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφʼ ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης.

Kai genomenes oras ektes skotos egeneto eph olen ten gen eos oras enates.

KJV: And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.

AKJV: And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.

ASV: And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.

YLT: And the sixth hour having come, darkness came over the whole land till the ninth hour,

Exposition: Mark 15:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:34

Greek

καὶ τῇ ⸂ἐνάτῃ ὥρᾳ⸃ ἐβόησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς φωνῇ ⸀μεγάλῃ· Ἐλωῒ ἐλωῒ ⸀λεμὰ σαβαχθάνι; ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Ὁ θεός μου ὁ θεός μου, εἰς τί ⸂ἐγκατέλιπές με⸃;

kai te enate ora eboesen o Iesoys phone megale· Eloi eloi lema sabachthani; o estin methermeneyomenon O theos moy o theos moy, eis ti egkatelipes me;

KJV: And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?

AKJV: And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?

ASV: And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?

YLT: and at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a great voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lamma sabachthani?' which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why didst Thou forsake me?'

Exposition: Mark 15:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:35

Greek

καί τινες τῶν παρεστηκότων ἀκούσαντες ἔλεγον· ⸀Ἴδε Ἠλίαν φωνεῖ.

kai tines ton parestekoton akoysantes elegon· Ide Elian phonei.

KJV: And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold, he calleth Elias.

AKJV: And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold, he calls Elias.

ASV: And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold, he calleth Elijah.

YLT: And certain of those standing by, having heard, said, `Lo, Elijah he doth call;'

Exposition: Mark 15:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold, he calleth Elias.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:36

Greek

δραμὼν δέ ⸂τις καὶ⸃ γεμίσας σπόγγον ὄξους ⸀περιθεὶς καλάμῳ ἐπότιζεν αὐτόν, λέγων· Ἄφετε ἴδωμεν εἰ ἔρχεται Ἠλίας καθελεῖν αὐτόν.

dramon de tis kai gemisas spoggon oxoys peritheis kalamo epotizen ayton, legon· Aphete idomen ei erchetai Elias kathelein ayton.

KJV: And one ran and filled a spunge full of vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let alone; let us see whether Elias will come to take him down.

AKJV: And one ran and filled a sponge full of vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let alone; let us see whether Elias will come to take him down.

ASV: And one ran, and filling a sponge full of vinegar, put it on a reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let be; let us see whether Elijah cometh to take him down.

YLT: and one having run, and having filled a spunge with vinegar, having put it also on a reed, was giving him to drink, saying, `Let alone, let us see if Elijah doth come to take him down.'

Exposition: Mark 15:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And one ran and filled a spunge full of vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let alone; let us see whether Elias will come to take him down.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:37

Greek

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἀφεὶς φωνὴν μεγάλην ἐξέπνευσεν.

o de Iesoys apheis phonen megalen exepneysen.

KJV: And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.

AKJV: And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.

ASV: And Jesus uttered a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.

YLT: And Jesus having uttered a loud cry, yielded the spirit,

Exposition: Mark 15:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:38

Greek

καὶ τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ ἐσχίσθη εἰς δύο ἀπʼ ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω.

kai to katapetasma toy naoy eschisthe eis dyo ap anothen eos kato.

KJV: And the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom.

AKJV: And the veil of the temple was rent in two from the top to the bottom. ¶

ASV: And the veil of the temple was rent in two from the top to the bottom.

YLT: and the veil of the sanctuary was rent in two, from top to bottom,

Exposition: Mark 15:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:39

Greek

ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ κεντυρίων ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐξ ἐναντίας αὐτοῦ ὅτι ⸀οὕτως ἐξέπνευσεν εἶπεν· Ἀληθῶς ⸂οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος⸃ υἱὸς ⸂θεοῦ ἦν⸃.

idon de o kentyrion o parestekos ex enantias aytoy oti oytos exepneysen eipen· Alethos oytos o anthropos yios theoy en.

KJV: And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.

AKJV: And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.

ASV: And when the centurion, who stood by over against him, saw that he so gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.

YLT: and the centurion who was standing over-against him, having seen that, having so cried out, he yielded the spirit, said, `Truly this man was Son of God.'

Exposition: Mark 15:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:40

Greek

Ἦσαν δὲ καὶ γυναῖκες ἀπὸ μακρόθεν θεωροῦσαι, ἐν ⸀αἷς καὶ ⸀Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ καὶ Μαρία ⸀ἡ Ἰακώβου τοῦ μικροῦ καὶ ⸀Ἰωσῆτος μήτηρ καὶ Σαλώμη,

Esan de kai gynaikes apo makrothen theoroysai, en ais kai Maria e Magdalene kai Maria e Iakoboy toy mikroy kai Iosetos meter kai Salome,

KJV: There were also women looking on afar off: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome;

AKJV: There were also women looking on afar off: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome;

ASV: And there were also women beholding from afar: among whom were both Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome;

YLT: And there were also women afar off beholding, among whom was also Mary the Magdalene, and Mary of James the less, and of Joses, and Salome,

Exposition: Mark 15:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There were also women looking on afar off: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:41

Greek

⸀αἳ ὅτε ἦν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ καὶ διηκόνουν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἄλλαι πολλαὶ αἱ συναναβᾶσαι αὐτῷ εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα.

ai ote en en te Galilaia ekoloythoyn ayto kai diekonoyn ayto, kai allai pollai ai synanabasai ayto eis Ierosolyma.

KJV: (Who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered unto him;) and many other women which came up with him unto Jerusalem.

AKJV: (Who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered to him;) and many other women which came up with him to Jerusalem. ¶

ASV: who, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered unto him; and many other women that came up with him unto Jerusalem.

YLT: (who also, when he was in Galilee, were following him, and were ministering to him,) and many other women who came up with him to Jerusalem.

Exposition: Mark 15:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(Who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered unto him;) and many other women which came up with him unto Jerusalem.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:42

Greek

Καὶ ἤδη ὀψίας γενομένης, ἐπεὶ ἦν παρασκευή, ὅ ἐστιν ⸀προσάββατον,

Kai ede opsias genomenes, epei en paraskeye, o estin prosabbaton,

KJV: And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,

AKJV: And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,

ASV: And when even was now come, because it was the Preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,

YLT: And now evening having come, seeing it was the preparation, that is, the fore-sabbath,

Exposition: Mark 15:42 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:43

Greek

⸀ἐλθὼν Ἰωσὴφ ⸀ὁ ἀπὸ Ἁριμαθαίας εὐσχήμων βουλευτής, ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς ἦν προσδεχόμενος τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ, τολμήσας εἰσῆλθεν πρὸς ⸀τὸν Πιλᾶτον καὶ ᾐτήσατο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.

elthon Ioseph o apo Arimathaias eyschemon boyleytes, os kai aytos en prosdechomenos ten basileian toy theoy, tolmesas eiselthen pros ton Pilaton kai etesato to soma toy Iesoy.

KJV: Joseph of Arimathea, an honourable counsellor, which also waited for the kingdom of God, came, and went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus.

AKJV: Joseph of Arimathaea, an honorable counselor, which also waited for the kingdom of God, came, and went in boldly to Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus.

ASV: there came Joseph of Arimathæa, a councillor of honorable estate, who also himself was looking for the kingdom of God; and he boldly went in unto Pilate, and asked for the body of Jesus.

YLT: Joseph of Arimathea, an honourable counsellor, who also himself was waiting for the reign of God, came, boldly entered in unto Pilate, and asked the body of Jesus.

Exposition: Mark 15:43 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Joseph of Arimathea, an honourable counsellor, which also waited for the kingdom of God, came, and went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:44

Greek

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος ἐθαύμασεν εἰ ἤδη τέθνηκεν, καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος τὸν κεντυρίωνα ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτὸν εἰ ⸀πάλαι ἀπέθανεν·

o de Pilatos ethaymasen ei ede tethneken, kai proskalesamenos ton kentyriona eperotesen ayton ei palai apethanen·

KJV: And Pilate marvelled if he were already dead: and calling unto him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been any while dead.

AKJV: And Pilate marveled if he were already dead: and calling to him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been any while dead.

ASV: And Pilate marvelled if he were already dead: and calling unto him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been any while dead.

YLT: And Pilate wondered if he were already dead, and having called near the centurion, did question him if he were long dead,

Exposition: Mark 15:44 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Pilate marvelled if he were already dead: and calling unto him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been any while dead.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:45

Greek

καὶ γνοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ κεντυρίωνος ἐδωρήσατο τὸ ⸀πτῶμα τῷ Ἰωσήφ.

kai gnoys apo toy kentyrionos edoresato to ptoma to Ioseph.

KJV: And when he knew it of the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph.

AKJV: And when he knew it of the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph.

ASV: And when he learned it of the centurion, he granted the corpse to Joseph.

YLT: and having known it from the centurion, he granted the body to Joseph.

Exposition: Mark 15:45 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when he knew it of the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:46

Greek

καὶ ἀγοράσας ⸀σινδόνα καθελὼν αὐτὸν ἐνείλησεν τῇ σινδόνι καὶ ⸀ἔθηκεν αὐτὸν ἐν ⸀μνημείῳ ὃ ἦν λελατομημένον ἐκ πέτρας, καὶ προσεκύλισεν λίθον ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν τοῦ μνημείου.

kai agorasas sindona kathelon ayton eneilesen te sindoni kai etheken ayton en mnemeio o en lelatomemenon ek petras, kai prosekylisen lithon epi ten thyran toy mnemeioy.

KJV: And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre.

AKJV: And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulcher which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone to the door of the sepulcher.

ASV: And he bought a linen cloth, and taking him down, wound him in the linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb which had been hewn out of a rock; and he rolled a stone against the door of the tomb.

YLT: And he, having brought fine linen, and having taken him down, wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre that had been hewn out of a rock, and he rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre,

Exposition: Mark 15:46 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Mark 15:47

Greek

ἡ δὲ Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ καὶ Μαρία ⸂ἡ Ἰωσῆτος⸃ ἐθεώρουν ποῦ ⸀τέθειται.

e de Maria e Magdalene kai Maria e Iosetos etheoroyn poy tetheitai.

KJV: And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses beheld where he was laid.

AKJV: And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses beheld where he was laid.

ASV: And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses beheld where he was laid.

YLT: and Mary the Magdalene, and Mary of Joses, were beholding where he is laid.

Exposition: Mark 15:47 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses beheld where he was laid.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.