Apologetics Bible · Scripture Reader

Apologetics Bible

Read Scripture with the original-language, translation, commentary, and apologetics layers kept close to the text.

Scripture-first study surface. Data layers support reading; they do not replace prayer, context, humility, or the text itself.

What makes it different

Four study layers kept near the text.

The reader keeps Scripture first, then brings original-language notes, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition into an ordered study path without letting the tools outrank the passage.

Layer 01
Original Language

Hebrew and Greek source shelves sit near the passage with transliteration and morphology notes where the source data is available.

Layer 02
Translation Comparison

A broad translation-comparison set brings KJV, ASV, YLT, BSB, Darby, and many other renderings near the verse so wording differences can be studied carefully.

Layer 03
Commentary Witness

Historical witness notes appear where source coverage is available, helping readers compare older interpreters without replacing the passage.

Layer 04
Apologetics Exposition

Apologetics exposition helps trace how passages function in canonical argument, what doctrinal claims they touch, and how themes connect across the 66 books.

Scripture reader

Open a passage.

Read the text first, then compare available translations, words, witness notes, and defense notes.

Type a Bible reference, then jump into the reader.

Verse not recognized — try "John 3:16" or "Gen 1:1"

Choose a layer, then the reader opens that study surface near the passage.

Genesis 1:1 · Old Testament
Reader
Loading translations…
How a chapter works

Summary first. Then the depth.

Each chapter starts with the passage, then keeps the supporting study layers close enough to check without replacing the text.

Chapter opening
Book Introduction

Book framing comes before the notes: title, placement, authorship questions, and why the passage matters.

Primary witness
Full Chapter Text

The chapter text stays first. Supporting source shelves sit after the passage.

Verse-by-verse
Four Study Layers

Original language, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition stay grouped around the passage when the supporting data is available.

Start with the passage. Use the tools after the text.

The reader keeps translations, source shelves, original-language data, and verse-linked notes close to Scripture. Open Bible Data for the public shelves, or bring a careful question to DaveAI later.

Scripture first

Read the Word before every witness.

Open the chapter itself first. Summaries, verse waypoints, ancient witnesses, cross-references, and the citation apparatus are here to serve the Word YHWH has given, never to outrank it.

The Bible is the authority here. Notes, languages, witnesses, and defenses sit below the text as servants of faithful study.

Published chapter Reader summary first Matthew live Chapter 3 of 28 17 verse waypoints 17 commentary witnesses

Holy Scripture opened

Matthew 3 — Matthew 3

Connected primary witness
  • Connected ID: Matthew_3
  • Primary Witness Text: In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judea, And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. And the same John had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey. Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region round about Jordan, And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins. But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance: And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham. And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire: Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto ...

Connected dataset overlay
  • Connected ID: Matthew_3
  • Chapter Blob Preview: In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judea, And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. And the same John had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leathern girdle about ...

Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.

Chapter frame

Matthew, written c. AD 50-60 for a primarily Jewish audience, is structured around five great discourse blocks — echoing the five books of Moses and presenting Jesus as the new and greater Moses, the fulfillment of the Torah rather than its abolition (5:17).

Matthew is the most OT-citation-dense Gospel (~65 explicit citations plus hundreds of allusions), consistently showing fulfillment of OT Scripture. Its opening genealogy (1:1-17) traces the Davidic-Abrahamic covenant line, establishing Jesus' legal right to the Messianic throne. Matthew's Sermon on the Mount (chs. 5-7) remains the most complete statement of Kingdom ethics in ancient literature.


Verse-by-verse study laneOpen only when you are ready for notes and witnesses.

Verse-by-verse study lane

Matthew 3:1

Greek
Ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις παραγίνεται Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστὴς κηρύσσων ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῆς Ἰουδαίας

En de tais emerais ekeinais paraginetai Ioannes o baptistes kerysson en te eremo tes Ioydaias

KJV: In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judea,

AKJV: In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea,

ASV: And in those days cometh John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judæa, saying,

YLT: And in those days cometh John the Baptist, proclaiming in the wilderness of Judea,

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:1
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:1

Quoted commentary witness

John the Baptist begins to preach, Mat 3:1. The subject of his preaching, Mat 3:2, Mat 3:3. Description of his clothing and food, Mat 3:4. The success of his ministry, Mat 3:5, Mat 3:6. His exhortation to the Pharisees, Mat 3:7-9. He denounces the judgments of God against the impenitent, Mat 3:10. The design of his baptism, and that of Christ, Mat 3:11, Mat 3:12. He baptizes Christ in Jordan, Mat 3:13-15; who is attested to be the Messiah by the Holy Spirit, and a voice from heaven, Mat 3:16, Mat 3:17. Verse 1 John the Baptist - John, surnamed The Baptist, because he required those to be baptized who professed to be contrite because of their sins, was the son of a priest named Zacharias, and his wife Elisabeth, and was born about A. M. 3999, and about six months before our blessed Lord. Of his almost miraculous conception and birth, we have a circumstantial account in the Gospel of Luke, chap. 1: to which, and the notes there, the reader is requested to refer. For his fidelity in reproving Herod for his incest with his brother Philip's wife, he was cast into prison, no doubt at the suggestion of Herodias, the profligate woman in question. He was at last beheaded at her instigation, and his head given as a present to Salome, her daughter, who, by her elegant dancing, had highly gratified Herod, the paramour of her incestuous mother. His ministry was short; for he appears to have been put to death in the 27th or 28th year of the Christian era. Came - preaching - Κηρυσσων, proclaiming, as a herald, a matter of great and solemn importance to men; the subject not his own, nor of himself, but from that God from whom alone he had received his commission. See on the nature and importance of the herald's office, at the end of this chapter. Κηρυσσειν, says Rosenmuller, de iis dicitur, qui in Plateis, in Campis, in Aere aperto, ut a multis audiantur, vocem tollunt, etc. "The verb κηρυσσειν is applied to those who, in the streets, fields, and open air, lift up their voice, that they may be heard by many, and proclaim what has been committed to them by regal or public authority; as the Kerukes among the Greeks, and the Precones among the Romans." The wilderness of Judea - That is, the country parts, as distinguished from the city; for in this sense the word wilderness, מדבר midbar or מדבריות midbarioth, is used among the rabbins. John's manner of life gives no countenance to the eremite or hermit's life, so strongly recommended and applauded by the Roman Church.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Mat 3:1
  • Mat 3:2
  • Mat 3:3
  • Mat 3:4
  • Mat 3:5
  • Mat 3:6
  • Mat 3:7-9
  • Mat 3:10
  • Mat 3:11
  • Mat 3:12
  • Mat 3:13-15
  • Mat 3:16
  • Mat 3:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Pharisees
  • Christ
  • Jordan
  • Holy Spirit
  • John
  • The Baptist
  • Zacharias
  • Elisabeth
  • Lord
  • Luke
  • Herodias
  • Salome
  • Herod
  • Rosenmuller
  • Plateis
  • Campis
  • Greeks
  • Romans
  • Roman Church

Exposition: Matthew 3:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judea,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:2

Greek
⸀καὶ λέγων· Μετανοεῖτε, ἤγγικεν γὰρ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν.

kai legon· Metanoeite, eggiken gar e basileia ton oyranon.

KJV: And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.

AKJV: And saying, Repent you: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.

ASV: Repent ye; for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.

YLT: and saying, `Reform, for come nigh hath the reign of the heavens,'

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:2
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:2

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 2 Repent - Μετανοειτε. This was the matter of the preaching. The verb μετανοεω is either compounded of μετα, after, and νοειν to understand, which signifies that, after hearing such preaching, the sinner is led to understand, that the way he has walked in was the way of misery, death, and hell. Or the word may be derived from μετα after, and ανοια, madness, which intimates that the whole life of a sinner is no other than a continued course of madness and folly: and if to live in a constant opposition to all the dictates of true wisdom; to wage war with his own best interests in time and eternity; to provoke and insult the living God; and, by habitual sin, to prepare himself only for a state of misery, be evidences of insanity, every sinner exhibits them plentifully. It was from this notion of the word, that the Latins termed repentance resipiscentia, a growing wise again, from re and sapere; or, according to Tertullian, Resipiscentia, quasi receptio mentis ad se, restoring the mind to itself: Contra Marcion, lib. ii. Repentance, then, implies that a measure of Divine wisdom is communicated to the sinner, and that he thereby becomes wise to salvation. That his mind, purposes, opinions, and inclinations, are changed; and that, in consequence, there is a total change in his conduct. It need scarcely be remarked, that, in this state, a man feels deep anguish of soul, because he has sinned against God, unfitted himself for heaven, and exposed his soul to hell. Hence, a true penitent has that sorrow, whereby he forsakes sin, not only because it has been ruinous to his own soul, but because it has been offensive to God. The kingdom of heaven is at hand - Referring to the prophecy of Daniel, Dan 7:13,Dan 7:14, where the reign of Christ among men is expressly foretold. This phrase, and the kingdom of God, mean the same thing, viz. the dispensation of infinite mercy, and manifestation of eternal truth, by Christ Jesus, producing the true knowledge of God, accompanied with that worship which is pure and holy, worthy of that God who is its institutor and its object. But why is this called a kingdom? Because it has its laws, all the moral precepts of the Gospel: its subjects, all who believe in Christ Jesus: and its king, the Sovereign of heaven and earth. N. B. Jesus Christ never saved a soul which he did not govern; nor is this Christ precious or estimable to any man who does not feel a spirit of subjection to the Divine will. But why is it called the kingdom of Heaven? Because God designed that his kingdom of grace here should resemble the kingdom of glory above. And hence our Lord teaches us to pray, Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven. The kingdom of heaven is not meat and drink, says St. Paul, Rom 14:17; does not consist in the gratification of sensual passions, or worldly ambition; but is righteousness, peace, and joy, in the Holy Ghost. Now what can there be more than this in glory? Righteousness, without mixture of sin; peace, without strife or contention; joy, in the Holy Ghost, spiritual joy, without mixture of misery! And all this, it is possible, by the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, to enjoy here below. How then does heaven itself differ from this state? Answer. It makes the righteousness eternal, the peace eternal, and the joy eternal. This is the heaven of heavens! The phrase, kingdom of heaven, מלכות שמים malcuth shamayim, is frequently used by the rabbinical writers, and always means, the purity of the Divine worship, and the blessedness which a righteous man feels when employed in it. It is farther added, This kingdom is at hand. The dispensation of the glorious Gospel was now about to be fully opened, and the Jews were to have the first offers of salvation. This kingdom is also at hand to us; and wherever Christ crucified is preached, there is salvation to be found. Jesus is proclaimed to thee, O man! as infinitely able and willing to save. Believe in his name - cast thy soul upon his atonement, and enter into rest!

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Dan 7:13
  • Dan 7:14
  • Rom 14:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ray
  • Jesus
  • Tertullian
  • Resipiscentia
  • Contra Marcion
  • Repentance
  • Hence
  • Daniel
  • Christ Jesus
  • Gospel
  • St
  • Paul
  • Holy Ghost
  • Righteousness
  • Lord Jesus Christ
  • Answer

Exposition: Matthew 3:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:3

Greek
οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ῥηθεὶς ⸀διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· Φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· Ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου, εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ.

oytos gar estin o retheis dia Esaioy toy prophetoy legontos· Phone boontos en te eremo· Etoimasate ten odon kyrioy, eytheias poieite tas triboys aytoy.

KJV: For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.

AKJV: For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Isaiah, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare you the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.

ASV: For this is he that was spoken of through Isaiah the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness,

YLT: for this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying, `A voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, straight make ye His paths.'

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:3
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:3

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness - Or, A voice of a crier in the wilderness. This is quoted from Isa 40:3, which clearly proves that John the Baptist was the person of whom the prophet spoke. The idea is taken from the practice of eastern monarchs, who, whenever they entered upon an expedition, or took a journey through a desert country, sent harbingers before them, to prepare all things for their passage; and pioneers to open the passes, to level the ways, and to remove all impediments. The officers appointed to superintend such preparations were called by the Latins, stratores. Diodorus's account of the march of Semiramis into Media and Persia, will give us a clear notion of the preparation of the way for a royal expedition. "In her march to Ecbatane, she came to the Zarcean mountain, which, extending many furlongs, and being full of craggy precipices and deep hollows, could not be passed without making a great compass about. Being therefore desirous of leaving an everlasting memorial of herself, as well as shortening the way, she ordered the precipices to be digged down, and the hollows to be filled up; and, at a great expense, she made a shorter and more expeditious road, which, to this day, is called from her, The road of Semiramis. Afterwards she went into Persia, and all the other countries of Asia, subject to her dominion; and, wherever she went, she ordered the mountains and precipices to be leveled, raised causeways in the plain country, and, at a great expense, made the ways passable." Diod. Sic. lib. ii. and Bp. Lowth. The Jewish Church was that desert country, to which John was sent, to announce the coming of the Messiah. It was destitute at that time of all religious cultivation, and of the spirit and practice of piety; and John was sent to prepare the way of the Lord, by preaching the doctrine of repentance. The desert is therefore to be considered as affording a proper emblem of the rude state of the Jewish Church, which is the true wilderness meant by the prophet, and in which John was to prepare the way of the promised Messiah. The awful importance of the matter, and the vehemence of the manner of the Baptist's preaching, probably acquired him the character of the crier, Βοων. For the meaning of the word John, see the note on Mar 1:4.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Isa 40:3

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Or
  • Latins
  • Persia
  • Ecbatane
  • Semiramis
  • Asia
  • Diod
  • Sic
  • Bp
  • Lowth
  • Messiah
  • Lord
  • Jewish Church
  • John

Exposition: Matthew 3:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:4

Greek
αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Ἰωάννης εἶχεν τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου καὶ ζώνην δερματίνην περὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ, ἡ δὲ τροφὴ ⸂ἦν αὐτοῦ⸃ ἀκρίδες καὶ μέλι ἄγριον.

aytos de o Ioannes eichen to endyma aytoy apo trichon kameloy kai zonen dermatinen peri ten osphyn aytoy, e de trophe en aytoy akrides kai meli agrion.

KJV: And the same John had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey.

AKJV: And the same John had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leather girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey.

ASV: Now John himself had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his food was locusts and wild honey.

YLT: And this John had his clothing of camel's hair, and a girdle of skin round his loins, and his nourishment was locusts and honey of the field.

Commentary Witness (Generated)Matthew 3:4
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Matthew 3:4

Generated editorial synthesis

Matthew 3:4 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And the same John had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Matthew 3:4

Exposition: Matthew 3:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the same John had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:5

Greek
τότε ἐξεπορεύετο πρὸς αὐτὸν Ἱεροσόλυμα καὶ πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου,

tote exeporeyeto pros ayton Ierosolyma kai pasa e Ioydaia kai pasa e perichoros toy Iordanoy,

KJV: Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region round about Jordan,

AKJV: Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region round about Jordan,

ASV: Then went out unto him Jerusalem, and all Judæa, and all the region round about the Jordan;

YLT: Then were going forth unto him Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region round about the Jordan,

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:5
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:5

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 5 Jordan - Many of the best MSS. and versions, with Mar 1:5, add ποταμω, the river Jordan; but the definitive article, with which the word is generally accompanied, both in the Hebrew and the Greek, is, sufficient; and our article the, which should ever be used in the translation, expresses the force of the other.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:5

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jordan
  • Greek

Exposition: Matthew 3:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region round about Jordan,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:6

Greek
καὶ ἐβαπτίζοντο ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ ⸀ποταμῷ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ἐξομολογούμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.

kai ebaptizonto en to Iordane potamo yp aytoy exomologoymenoi tas amartias ayton.

KJV: And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins.

AKJV: And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins. ¶

ASV: and they were baptized of him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins.

YLT: and they were baptized in the Jordan by him, confessing their sins.

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:6
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:6

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 6 Were baptized - In what form baptism was originally administered, has been deemed a subject worthy of serious dispute. Were the people dipped or sprinkled? for it is certain βαπτω and βαπτιζω mean both. They were all dipped, say some. Can any man suppose that it was possible for John to dip all the inhabitants of Jerusalem and Judea, and of all the country round about the Jordan? Were both men and women dipped, for certainly both came to his baptism? This could never have comported either with safety or with decency. Were they dipped in their clothes? This would have endangered their lives, if they had not with them change of raiment: and as such a baptism as John's (however administered) was, in several respects, a new thing in Judea, it is not at all likely that the people would come thus provided. But suppose these were dipped, which I think it would be impossible to prove, does it follow that, in all regions of the world, men and women must be dipped, in order to be evangelically baptized? In the eastern countries, bathings were frequent, because of the heat of the climate, it being there so necessary to cleanliness and health; but could our climate, or a more northerly one, admit of this with safety, for at least three-fourths of the year? We may rest assured that it could not. And may we not presume, that if John had opened his commission in the north of Great Britain, for many months of the year, he would have dipped neither man nor woman, unless he could have procured a tepid bath? Those who are dipped or immersed in water, in the name of the Holy Trinity, I believe to be evangelically baptized - those who are washed or sprinkled with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, I believe to be equally so; and the repetition of such a baptism I believe to be profane. Others have a right to believe the contrary, if they see good. After all, it is the thing signified, and not the mode, which is the essential part of the sacrament. See the note on Mar 10:16. Confessing their sins - Εξομολογουμενοι, earnestly acknowledging that their sins were their own. And thus taking the whole blame upon themselves, and laying nothing to the charge of God or man. This is essential to true repentance; and, till a man take the whole blame on himself, he cannot feel the absolute need he has of casting his soul on the mercy of God, that he may be saved.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Ovid
  • Judea
  • Great Britain
  • Holy Trinity
  • Father
  • Son
  • Holy Ghost

Exposition: Matthew 3:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:7

Greek
Ἰδὼν δὲ πολλοὺς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων ἐρχομένους ἐπὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ⸀αὐτοῦ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν, τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς;

Idon de polloys ton Pharisaion kai Saddoykaion erchomenoys epi to baptisma aytoy eipen aytois· Gennemata echidnon, tis ypedeixen ymin phygein apo tes melloyses orges;

KJV: But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

AKJV: But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said to them, O generation of vipers, who has warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

ASV: But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said unto them, Ye offspring of vipers, who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

YLT: And having seen many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming about his baptism, he said to them, `Brood of vipers! who did shew you to flee from the coming wrath?

Commentary Witness (Generated)Matthew 3:7
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Matthew 3:7

Generated editorial synthesis

Matthew 3:7 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:7

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Matthew 3:7

Exposition: Matthew 3:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:8

Greek
ποιήσατε οὖν καρπὸν ἄξιον τῆς μετανοίας

poiesate oyn karpon axion tes metanoias

KJV: Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance:

AKJV: Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance:

ASV: Bring forth therefore fruit worthy of repentance:

YLT: bear, therefore, fruits worthy of the reformation,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Matthew 3:8
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Matthew 3:8

Generated editorial synthesis

Matthew 3:8 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance:'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:8

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Matthew 3:8

Exposition: Matthew 3:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:9

Greek
καὶ μὴ δόξητε λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς· Πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ, λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι δύναται ὁ θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ.

kai me doxete legein en eaytois· Patera echomen ton Abraam, lego gar ymin oti dynatai o theos ek ton lithon toyton egeirai tekna to Abraam.

KJV: And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.

AKJV: And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say to you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children to Abraham.

ASV: and think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.

YLT: and do not think to say in yourselves, A father we have--Abraham, for I say to you, that God is able out of these stones to raise children to Abraham,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Matthew 3:9
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Matthew 3:9

Generated editorial synthesis

Matthew 3:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:9

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Matthew 3:9

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Abraham

Exposition: Matthew 3:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:10

Greek
ἤδη ⸀δὲ ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται· πᾶν οὖν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται.

ede de e axine pros ten rizan ton dendron keitai· pan oyn dendron me poioyn karpon kalon ekkoptetai kai eis pyr balletai.

KJV: And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.

AKJV: And now also the ax is laid to the root of the trees: therefore every tree which brings not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.

ASV: And even now the axe lieth at the root of the trees: every tree therefore that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.

YLT: and now also, the axe unto the root of the trees is laid, every tree therefore not bearing good fruit is hewn down, and to fire is cast.

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:10
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:10

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 10 And now also the axe is laid - Or, Even now the axe lieth. As if he had said, There is not a moment to spare - God is about to cut off every impenitent soul - you must therefore either turn to God immediately, or be utterly and finally ruined. It was customary with the prophets to represent the kingdoms, nations, and individuals, whose ruin they predicted, under the notion of forests and trees, doomed to be cut down. See Jer 46:22, Jer 46:23; Eze 31:3, Eze 31:11, Eze 31:12. The Baptist follows the same metaphor: the Jewish nation is the tree, and the Romans the axe, which, by the just judgment of God, was speedily to cut it down. It has been well observed, that there is an allusion here to a woodman, who, having marked a tree for excision, lays his axe at its root, and strips off his outer garment, that he may wield his blows more powerfully, and that his work may be quickly performed. For about sixty years before the coming of Christ, this axe had been lying at the root of the Jewish tree, Judea having been made a province to the Roman empire, from the time that Pompey took the city of Jerusalem, during the contentions of the two brothers Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, which was about sixty-three years before the coming of Christ. See Joseph. Antiq. l. xiv. c. 1-5. But as the country might be still considered as in the hands of the Jews, though subject to the Romans, and God had waited on them now nearly ninety years from the above time, expecting them to bring forth fruit, and none was yet produced; he kept the Romans as an axe, lying at the root of this tree, who were ready to cut it down the moment God gave them the commission.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:10

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Jer 46:22
  • Jer 46:23
  • Eze 31:3
  • Eze 31:11
  • Eze 31:12

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Or
  • Christ
  • Jerusalem
  • Aristobulus
  • See Joseph
  • Antiq
  • Jews
  • Romans

Exposition: Matthew 3:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:11

Greek
Ἐγὼ μὲν ⸂ὑμᾶς βαπτίζω⸃ ἐν ὕδατι εἰς μετάνοιαν· ὁ δὲ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος ἰσχυρότερός μού ἐστιν, οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς τὰ ὑποδήματα βαστάσαι· αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ ⸂καὶ πυρί⸃·

Ego men ymas baptizo en ydati eis metanoian· o de opiso moy erchomenos ischyroteros moy estin, oy oyk eimi ikanos ta ypodemata bastasai· aytos ymas baptisei en pneymati agio kai pyri·

KJV: I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:

AKJV: I indeed baptize you with water to repentance. but he that comes after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:

ASV: I indeed baptize you in water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you in the Holy Spirit and in fire:

YLT: `I indeed do baptize you with water to reformation, but he who after me is coming is mightier than I, of whom I am not worthy to bear the sandals, he shall baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire,

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:11
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:11

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 11 But he that cometh after me - Or, I coming after me, who is now on his way, and will shortly make his appearance. Jesus Christ began his ministry when he was thirty years of age, Luk 3:23, which was the age appointed by the law, Num 4:3. John the Baptist was born about six months before Christ; and, as he began his public ministry when thirty years of age, then this coming after refers to six months after the commencement of John's public preaching, at which time Christ entered upon his. Whose shoes I am not worthy to bear - This saying is expressive of the most profound humility and reverence. To put on, take off, and carry the shoes of their masters, was, not only among the Jews, but also among the Greeks and Romans, the work of the vilest slaves. This is amply proved by Kypke, from Arrian, Plutarch, and the Babylonian Talmud. With the Holy Ghost, and with fire - That the influences of the Spirit of God are here designed, needs but little proof. Christ's religion was to be a spiritual religion, and was to have its seat in the heart. Outward precepts, however well they might describe, could not produce inward spirituality. This was the province of the Spirit of God, and of it alone; therefore he is represented here under the similitude of fire, because he was to illuminate and invigorate the soul, penetrate every part, and assimilate the whole to the image of the God of glory. See on Joh 3:5 (note). With fire - Και πυρι. This is wanting in E. S. (two MSS. one of the ninth, the other of the tenth century) eight others, and many Evangelistaria, and in some versions and printed editions; but it is found in the parallel place, Luk 3:16, and in the most authentic MSS. and versions. It was probably the different interpretations given of it by the fathers that caused some transcribers to leave it out of their copies. The baptism of fire has been differently understood among the primitive fathers. Some say, it means the tribulations, crosses, and afflictions, which believers in Christ are called to pass through. Hence the author of the Opus Imperfectum, on Matthew, says, that there are three sorts of baptism, 1. that of water; 2. that of the Holy Ghost; and, 3. that of tribulations and afflictions, represented under the notion of fire. He observes farther, that our blessed Lord went through these three baptisms: 1. That of water, he received from the hands of John. 2. That of the Holy Spirit he received from the Father. And, 3. That of fire, he had in his contest with Satan in the desert. St. Chrysostom says; it means the superabundant graces of the Spirit. Basil and Theophilus explain it of the fire of hell. Cyril, Jerome, and others, understand by it the descent of the Holy Spirit, on the day of pentecost. Hilary says, it means a fire that the righteous must pass through in the day of judgment, to purify them from such defilements as necessarily cleaved to them here, and with which they could not be admitted into glory. Ambrose says, this baptism shall be administered at the gate of paradise, by John Baptist; and he thinks that this is what is meant by the flaming sword, Gen 3:24. Origen and Lactantius conceive it to be a river of fire, at the gate of heaven, something similar to the Phlegethon of the heathens; but they observe, that when the righteous come to pass over, the liquid flames shall divide, and give them a free passage: that Christ shall stand on the brink of it, and receive through the flames all those, and none but those, who have received in this world the baptism of water in his name: and that this baptism is for those who, having received the faith of Christ, have not, in every respect, lived conformably to it; for, though they laid the good foundation, yet they built hay, straw, and stubble upon it, and this work of theirs must be tried, and destroyed by this fire. This, they think, is St. Paul's meaning, 1Cor 3:13-15. If any man build on this foundation (viz. Jesus Christ) gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; every man's work shall be made manifest: and the fire shall try every man's work, of what sort it is. - If any man's work be burnt, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as By Fire. From this fire, understood in this way, the fathers of the following ages, and the schoolmen, formed the famous and lucrative doctrine of Purgatory. Some in the primitive Church thought that fire should be, in some way or other, joined to the water in baptism; and it is supposed that they administered it by causing the person to pass between two fires, or to leap through the flame; or by having a torch, or lighted candle, present. Thus have those called Doctors of the Church trifled. The exposition which I have given, I believe to be the only genuine one.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:11

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Num 4:3
  • Joh 3:5
  • Gen 3:24
  • 1Cor 3:13-15

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Or
  • Christ
  • Jews
  • Romans
  • Kypke
  • Arrian
  • Plutarch
  • Babylonian Talmud
  • Holy Ghost
  • Evangelistaria
  • Opus Imperfectum
  • Matthew
  • John
  • Father
  • And
  • St
  • Cyril
  • Jerome
  • Holy Spirit
  • John Baptist
  • This
  • By Fire
  • Purgatory

Exposition: Matthew 3:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:12

Greek
οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ καὶ συνάξει τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ⸀ἀποθήκην, τὸ δὲ ἄχυρον κατακαύσει πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ.

oy to ptyon en te cheiri aytoy, kai diakathariei ten alona aytoy kai synaxei ton siton aytoy eis ten apotheken, to de achyron katakaysei pyri asbesto.

KJV: Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.

AKJV: Whose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. ¶

ASV: whose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly cleanse his threshing-floor; and he will gather his wheat into the garner, but the chaff he will burn up with unquenchable fire.

YLT: whose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly cleanse his floor, and will gather his wheat to the storehouse, but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.'

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:12
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:12

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 12 Whose fan is in his hand - The Romans are here termed God's fan, as, in Mat 3:10, they were called his axe, and, in Mat 22:7, they are termed his troops or armies. The winnowing fan of the Hindoos is square, made of split bamboo; and the corn is winnowed by waving the fan backwards with both hands - "Whose fan is in his hand." His floor - Does not this mean the land of Judea, which had been long, as it were, the threshing-floor of the Lord? God says, he will now, by the winnowing fan (viz. the Romans) thoroughly cleanse this floor - the wheat, those who believe in the Lord Jesus, he will gather into his garner, either take to heaven from the evil to come, or put in a place of safety, as he did the Christians, by sending them to Pella, in Coelosyria, previously to the destruction of Jerusalem. But he will burn up the chaff - the disobedient and rebellions Jews, who would not come unto Christ, that they might have life. Unquenchable fire - That cannot be extinguished by man.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:12

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Mat 3:10
  • Mat 22:7

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Judea
  • Lord Jesus
  • Christians
  • Pella
  • Coelosyria
  • Jerusalem
  • Jews
  • Christ

Exposition: Matthew 3:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:13

Greek
Τότε παραγίνεται ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰορδάνην πρὸς τὸν Ἰωάννην τοῦ βαπτισθῆναι ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ.

Tote paraginetai o Iesoys apo tes Galilaias epi ton Iordanen pros ton Ioannen toy baptisthenai yp aytoy.

KJV: Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him.

AKJV: Then comes Jesus from Galilee to Jordan to John, to be baptized of him.

ASV: Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to the Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him.

YLT: Then cometh Jesus from Galilee upon the Jordan, unto John to be baptized by him,

Commentary Witness (Generated)Matthew 3:13
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Matthew 3:13

Generated editorial synthesis

Matthew 3:13 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:13

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Matthew 3:13

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • John

Exposition: Matthew 3:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:14

Greek
ὁ δὲ ⸀Ἰωάννης διεκώλυεν αὐτὸν λέγων· Ἐγὼ χρείαν ἔχω ὑπὸ σοῦ βαπτισθῆναι, καὶ σὺ ἔρχῃ πρός με;

o de Ioannes diekolyen ayton legon· Ego chreian echo ypo soy baptisthenai, kai sy erche pros me;

KJV: But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?

AKJV: But John forbade him, saying, I have need to be baptized of you, and come you to me?

ASV: But John would have hindered him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?

YLT: but John was forbidding him, saying, `I have need by thee to be baptized--and thou dost come unto me!'

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:14
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:14

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 14 John forbad him - Earnestly and pressingly opposed him: this is the proper import of the words διεκωλευεν αυτον. I have observed that δια, in composition, most frequently, if not always, strengthens the signification in classic authors. - Wakefield.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:14

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Wakefield

Exposition: Matthew 3:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:15

Greek
ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν ⸂πρὸς αὐτόν⸃· Ἄφες ἄρτι, οὕτως γὰρ πρέπον ἐστὶν ἡμῖν πληρῶσαι πᾶσαν δικαιοσύνην. τότε ἀφίησιν αὐτόν.

apokritheis de o Iesoys eipen pros ayton· Aphes arti, oytos gar prepon estin emin plerosai pasan dikaiosynen. tote aphiesin ayton.

KJV: And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.

AKJV: And Jesus answering said to him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becomes us to fulfill all righteousness. Then he suffered him.

ASV: But Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffereth him.

YLT: But Jesus answering said to him, `Suffer now, for thus it is becoming to us to fulfil all righteousness,' then he doth suffer him.

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:15
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:15

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 15 To fulfill all righteousness - That is, Every righteous ordinance: so I think the words πασαν δικαιοσυνην should be translated; and so our common version renders a similar word, Luk 1:6. The following passage, quoted from Justin Martyr, will doubtless appear a strong vindication of this translation. "Christ was circumcised, and observed all the other ordinances of the law of Moses, not with a view to his own justification; but to fulfill the dispensation committed to him by the Lord, the God and Creator of all things." - Wakefield. How remarkable are the following words of Creeshna (an Incarnation of the Supreme God, according to the Hindoo theology) related in the Bhagvat Geeta, p. 47. Addressing his disciple Arjoon, he says, "I myself, Arjoon, have not, in the three regions of the universe, any thing which is necessary for me to perform; nor any thing to obtain, which is not obtained; and yet I live in the exercise of the moral duties. If I were not vigilantly to attend to those duties, all men would presently follow my example. If I were not to perform the moral actions, this world would fail in their duties: I should be the cause of spurious births, and should drive the people from the right way. As the ignorant perform the duties of life from a hope of reward, so the wise man, out of respect to the opinions and prejudices of mankind, should perform the same without motives of interest. The wise man, by industriously performing all the duties of life, should induce the vulgar to attend to them." The Septuagint use this word often for the Hebrew משפת mishpat, judgment, appointment. And in Eze 18:19, Eze 18:21, the person who δικαιοσυνην και ελεος πεποιηκε - hath done righteousness and mercy, is he who sacredly attended to the performance of all the religious ordinances mentioned in that chapter, and performed them in the genuine spirit of mercy. Δικαιωματα is used 1 Maccabees 1:13, 49; 2:21, and in Heb 10:1, Heb 10:10, to denote religious ceremonies. Michaelis supposes that כל חק kol chok, all religious statutes or ordinances, were the words used in the Hebrew original of this Gospel. But was this an ordinance? Undoubtedly: it was the initiatory ordinance of the Baptist's dispensation. Now, as Christ had submitted to circumcision, which was the initiatory ordinance of the Mosaic dispensation, it was necessary that he should submit to this, which was instituted by no less an authority, and was the introduction to his own dispensation of eternal mercy and truth. But it was necessary on another account: Our Lord represented the high priest, and was to be the high priest over the house of God: - now, as the high priest was initiated into his office by washing and anointing, so must Christ: and hence he was baptized, washed, and anointed by the Holy Ghost. Thus he fulfilled the righteous ordinance of his initiation into the office of high priest, and thus was prepared to make an atonement for the sins of mankind. Then he suffered him - In the Opus Imperfectum, quoted by Griesbach, there is the following addition, which, at least, may serve to show the opinion of its author: Et Johannes quidem baptizauit ilium in aqua, ille autem Johannem cum Spiritu. "Then John baptized him with water, and he baptized John with the Spirit."

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:15

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Eze 18:19
  • Eze 18:21
  • Heb 10:1
  • Heb 10:10

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Septuagint
  • Moses
  • Justin Martyr
  • Lord
  • Wakefield
  • Supreme God
  • Bhagvat Geeta
  • Arjoon
  • Gospel
  • Undoubtedly
  • Now
  • Christ
  • Holy Ghost
  • Opus Imperfectum
  • Griesbach
  • Spiritu

Exposition: Matthew 3:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:16

Greek
⸂βαπτισθεὶς δὲ⸃ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ⸂εὐθὺς ἀνέβη⸃ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος· καὶ ἰδοὺ ⸀ἠνεῴχθησαν οἱ οὐρανοί, καὶ εἶδεν ⸀πνεῦμα θεοῦ καταβαῖνον ὡσεὶ ⸀περιστερὰν ἐρχόμενον ἐπʼ αὐτόν·

baptistheis de o Iesoys eythys anebe apo toy ydatos· kai idoy eneochthesan oi oyranoi, kai eiden pneyma theoy katabainon osei peristeran erchomenon ep ayton·

KJV: And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him:

AKJV: And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, see, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting on him:

ASV: And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway from the water: and lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove, and coming upon him;

YLT: And having been baptized, Jesus went up immediately from the water, and lo, opened to him were the heavens, and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove, and coming upon him,

Commentary WitnessMatthew 3:16
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Matthew 3:16

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 16 The heavens were opened unto him - That is, to John the Baptist - and he, John, saw the Spirit of God - lighting upon him, i.e. Jesus. There has been some controversy about the manner and form in which the Spirit of God rendered itself visible on this occasion. St. Luke, Luk 3:22, says it was in a bodily shape like to a dove: and this likeness to a dove some refer to a hovering motion, like to that of a dove, and not to the form of the dove itself: but the terms of the text are too precise to admit of this far-fetched interpretation. This passage affords no mean proof of the doctrine of the Trinity. That three distinct persons are here, represented, there can be no dispute. 1. The person of Jesus Christ, baptized by John in Jordan. 2. The person of the Holy Ghost in a bodily shape, (σωματικω ειδει, Luk 3:22) like a dove. 3. The person of the Father; a voice came out of heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, etc. The voice is here represented as proceeding from a different place to that in which the persons of the Son and Holy Spirit were manifested; and merely, I think, more forcibly to mark this Divine personality.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:16

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • John
  • St
  • Luke
  • Trinity
  • Jesus Christ
  • Jordan
  • Father
  • Son

Exposition: Matthew 3:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Matthew 3:17

Greek
καὶ ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα· Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός, ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα.

kai idoy phone ek ton oyranon legoysa· Oytos estin o yios moy o agapetos, en o eydokesa.

KJV: And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.

AKJV: And see a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.

ASV: and lo, a voice out of the heavens, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.

YLT: and lo, a voice out of the heavens, saying, `This is My Son--the Beloved, in whom I did delight.'

Commentary Witness (Generated)Matthew 3:17
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Matthew 3:17

Generated editorial synthesis

Matthew 3:17 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Matthew 3:17

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Matthew 3:17

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Son

Exposition: Matthew 3:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.

Scholarly apparatus

Commentary citation index

This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.

Direct commentary witnesses

11

Generated editorial witnesses

6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Canonical references surfaced in commentary

  • Mat 3:1
  • Mat 3:2
  • Mat 3:3
  • Mat 3:4
  • Mat 3:5
  • Mat 3:6
  • Mat 3:7-9
  • Mat 3:10
  • Mat 3:11
  • Mat 3:12
  • Mat 3:13-15
  • Mat 3:16
  • Mat 3:17
  • Matthew 3:1
  • Dan 7:13
  • Dan 7:14
  • Rom 14:17
  • Matthew 3:2
  • Isa 40:3
  • Matthew 3:3
  • Matthew 3:4
  • Matthew 3:5
  • Matthew 3:6
  • Matthew 3:7
  • Matthew 3:8
  • Matthew 3:9
  • Jer 46:22
  • Jer 46:23
  • Eze 31:3
  • Eze 31:11
  • Eze 31:12
  • Matthew 3:10
  • Num 4:3
  • Joh 3:5
  • Gen 3:24
  • 1Cor 3:13-15
  • Matthew 3:11
  • Mat 22:7
  • Matthew 3:12
  • Matthew 3:13
  • Matthew 3:14
  • Eze 18:19
  • Eze 18:21
  • Heb 10:1
  • Heb 10:10
  • Matthew 3:15
  • Matthew 3:16
  • Matthew 3:17

Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary

  • Pharisees
  • Christ
  • Jordan
  • Holy Spirit
  • John
  • The Baptist
  • Zacharias
  • Elisabeth
  • Lord
  • Luke
  • Herodias
  • Salome
  • Herod
  • Rosenmuller
  • Plateis
  • Campis
  • Greeks
  • Romans
  • Roman Church
  • Ray
  • Jesus
  • Tertullian
  • Resipiscentia
  • Contra Marcion
  • Repentance
  • Hence
  • Daniel
  • Christ Jesus
  • Gospel
  • St
  • Paul
  • Holy Ghost
  • Righteousness
  • Lord Jesus Christ
  • Answer
  • Or
  • Latins
  • Persia
  • Ecbatane
  • Semiramis
  • Asia
  • Diod
  • Sic
  • Bp
  • Lowth
  • Messiah
  • Jewish Church
  • Greek
  • Ovid
  • Judea
  • Great Britain
  • Holy Trinity
  • Father
  • Son
  • Abraham
  • Jerusalem
  • Aristobulus
  • See Joseph
  • Antiq
  • Jews
  • Kypke
  • Arrian
  • Plutarch
  • Babylonian Talmud
  • Evangelistaria
  • Opus Imperfectum
  • Matthew
  • And
  • Cyril
  • Jerome
  • John Baptist
  • This
  • By Fire
  • Purgatory
  • Lord Jesus
  • Christians
  • Pella
  • Coelosyria
  • Wakefield
  • Septuagint
  • Moses
  • Justin Martyr
  • Supreme God
  • Bhagvat Geeta
  • Arjoon
  • Undoubtedly
  • Now
  • Griesbach
  • Spiritu
  • Trinity
  • Jesus Christ
Book directory Open the 66-book reader directory Use this when you need a specific book. The passage reader above stays first.
Book explorer

Choose a book and open the reader.

Each card opens chapter 1 for that canonical book. The directory is here for navigation, not as the first thing a visitor has to read.

Examples: Genesis, Psalms, Gospels, prophets, Romans, Revelation.

Old Testament Law

Genesis

Rendered chapters 1–50 are mapped to the public reader path for Genesis. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 50 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Genesis

Open Genesis

Old Testament Law

Exodus

Rendered chapters 1–40 are mapped to the public reader path for Exodus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 40 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Exodus

Open Exodus

Old Testament Law

Leviticus

Rendered chapters 1–27 are mapped to the public reader path for Leviticus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 27 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Leviticus

Open Leviticus

Old Testament Law

Numbers

Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for Numbers. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 36 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Numbers

Open Numbers

Old Testament Law

Deuteronomy

Rendered chapters 1–34 are mapped to the public reader path for Deuteronomy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 34 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Deuteronomy

Open Deuteronomy

Old Testament History

Joshua

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Joshua. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joshua

Open Joshua

Old Testament History

Judges

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for Judges. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Judges

Open Judges

Old Testament History

Ruth

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Ruth. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ruth

Open Ruth

Old Testament History

1 Samuel

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Samuel

Open 1 Samuel

Old Testament History

2 Samuel

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Samuel

Open 2 Samuel

Old Testament History

1 Kings

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Kings

Open 1 Kings

Old Testament History

2 Kings

Rendered chapters 1–25 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 25 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Kings

Open 2 Kings

Old Testament History

1 Chronicles

Rendered chapters 1–29 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 29 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Chronicles

Open 1 Chronicles

Old Testament History

2 Chronicles

Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 36 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Chronicles

Open 2 Chronicles

Old Testament History

Ezra

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezra

Open Ezra

Old Testament History

Nehemiah

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nehemiah

Open Nehemiah

Old Testament History

Esther

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Esther

Open Esther

Old Testament Wisdom

Job

Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 42 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Job

Open Job

Old Testament Wisdom

Psalms

Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 150 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Psalms

Open Psalms

Old Testament Wisdom

Proverbs

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Proverbs

Open Proverbs

Old Testament Wisdom

Ecclesiastes

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ecclesiastes

Open Ecclesiastes

Old Testament Wisdom

Song of Solomon

Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 8 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Song of Solomon

Open Song of Solomon

Old Testament Prophets

Isaiah

Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 66 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Isaiah

Open Isaiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jeremiah

Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 52 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jeremiah

Open Jeremiah

Old Testament Prophets

Lamentations

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Lamentations

Open Lamentations

Old Testament Prophets

Ezekiel

Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 48 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezekiel

Open Ezekiel

Old Testament Prophets

Daniel

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Daniel

Open Daniel

Old Testament Prophets

Hosea

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hosea

Open Hosea

Old Testament Prophets

Joel

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joel

Open Joel

Old Testament Prophets

Amos

Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 9 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Amos

Open Amos

Old Testament Prophets

Obadiah

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Obadiah

Open Obadiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jonah

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jonah

Open Jonah

Old Testament Prophets

Micah

Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 7 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Micah

Open Micah

Old Testament Prophets

Nahum

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nahum

Open Nahum

Old Testament Prophets

Habakkuk

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Habakkuk

Open Habakkuk

Old Testament Prophets

Zephaniah

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zephaniah

Open Zephaniah

Old Testament Prophets

Haggai

Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 2 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Haggai

Open Haggai

Old Testament Prophets

Zechariah

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zechariah

Open Zechariah

Old Testament Prophets

Malachi

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Malachi

Open Malachi

New Testament Gospels

Matthew

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Matthew

Open Matthew

New Testament Gospels

Mark

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Mark

Open Mark

New Testament Gospels

Luke

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Luke

Open Luke

New Testament Gospels

John

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for John

Open John

New Testament History

Acts

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Acts

Open Acts

New Testament Letters

Romans

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Romans

Open Romans

New Testament Letters

1 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Corinthians

Open 1 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

2 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Corinthians

Open 2 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

Galatians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Galatians

Open Galatians

New Testament Letters

Ephesians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ephesians

Open Ephesians

New Testament Letters

Philippians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philippians

Open Philippians

New Testament Letters

Colossians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Colossians

Open Colossians

New Testament Letters

1 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Thessalonians

Open 1 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

2 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Thessalonians

Open 2 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

1 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Timothy

Open 1 Timothy

New Testament Letters

2 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Timothy

Open 2 Timothy

New Testament Letters

Titus

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Titus

Open Titus

New Testament Letters

Philemon

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philemon

Open Philemon

New Testament Letters

Hebrews

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hebrews

Open Hebrews

New Testament Letters

James

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for James

Open James

New Testament Letters

1 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Peter

Open 1 Peter

New Testament Letters

2 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Peter

Open 2 Peter

New Testament Letters

1 John

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 John

Open 1 John

New Testament Letters

2 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 John

Open 2 John

New Testament Letters

3 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 3 John

Open 3 John

New Testament Letters

Jude

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jude

Open Jude

New Testament Apocalypse

Revelation

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Revelation

Open Revelation

What this explorer shows today

The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.

Return to Apologetics Bible Use Bible Insights Use Bible Data

Scroll to Top