Apologetics Bible
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Proverbs (Mishlei) is the manual of applied wisdom for covenant living. Wisdom in Proverbs is not abstract philosophy but ordered perception of reality — the recognition that creation has a moral grain, that fear of YHWH is the beginning of all true knowledge, and that human flourishing follows the design built into the fabric of things.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Proverbs_18
- Primary Witness Text: Through desire a man, having separated himself, seeketh and intermeddleth with all wisdom. A fool hath no delight in understanding, but that his heart may discover itself. When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt, and with ignominy reproach. The words of a man’s mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring of wisdom as a flowing brook. It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow the righteous in judgment. A fool’s lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for strokes. A fool’s mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of his soul. The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly. He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runneth into it, and is safe. The rich man’s wealth is his strong city, and as an high wall in his own conceit. Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is humility. He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him. The spirit of a man will sustain his infirmity; but a wounded spirit who can bear? The heart of the prudent getteth knowledge; and the ear of the wise seeketh knowledge. A man’s gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him before great men. He that is first in his own cause seemeth just; but his neighbour cometh and searcheth him. The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the mighty. A brother of...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Proverbs_18
- Chapter Blob Preview: Through desire a man, having separated himself, seeketh and intermeddleth with all wisdom. A fool hath no delight in understanding, but that his heart may discover itself. When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt, and with ignominy reproach. The words of a man’s mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring of wisdom as a flowing brook. It is not good to accept the pers...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Proverbs (Mishlei) is the manual of applied wisdom for covenant living. Wisdom in Proverbs is not abstract philosophy but ordered perception of reality — the recognition that creation has a moral grain, that fear of YHWH is the beginning of all true knowledge, and that human flourishing follows the design built into the fabric of things.
Proverbs 8's personified Wisdom — present at creation, delighting before God — is cited by early Church Fathers as a window into the eternal Son. The book's practical ethics (sexual integrity, speech, work, generosity) embody a worldview in which creation's design is the source of moral instruction.
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Proverbs 18:1
Hebrew
לְֽתַאֲוָה יְבַקֵּשׁ נִפְרָד בְּכָל־תּוּשִׁיָּה יִתְגַּלָּֽע׃leta'avah-yevaqesh-niferad-vekhal-tvshiyah-yitegala'
KJV: Through desire a man, having separated himself, seeketh and intermeddleth with all wisdom.
AKJV: Through desire a man, having separated himself, seeks and intermeddles with all wisdom.
ASV: He that separateth himself seeketh his own desire,
YLT: For an object of desire he who is separated doth seek, With all wisdom he intermeddleth.
Exposition: Proverbs 18:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Through desire a man, having separated himself, seeketh and intermeddleth with all wisdom.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:2
Hebrew
לֹֽא־יַחְפֹּץ כְּסִיל בִּתְבוּנָה כִּי אִֽם־בְּהִתְגַּלּוֹת לִבּֽוֹ׃lo'-yachefotz-khesiyl-vitevvnah-khiy-'im-vehitegalvot-livvo
KJV: A fool hath no delight in understanding, but that his heart may discover itself.
AKJV: A fool has no delight in understanding, but that his heart may discover itself.
ASV: A fool hath no delight in understanding,
YLT: A fool delighteth not in understanding, But--in uncovering his heart.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:2
Verse 2 But that his heart may discover itself - It is a fact that most vain and foolish people are never satisfied in company, but in showing their own nonsense and emptiness. But this verse may be understood as confirming the view already given of the preceding, and may be translated thus: "But a fool doth not delight in understanding, though it should even manifest itself:" so I understand כי אם בהתגלות ki im behithgalloth. The separated person seeks understanding in every hidden thing, and feels his toil well repaid when he finds it, even after the most painful and expensive search: the other regards it not, though its secret springs should be laid open to him without toil or expense.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A fool hath no delight in understanding, but that his heart may discover itself.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:3
Hebrew
בְּֽבוֹא־רָשָׁע בָּא גַם־בּוּז וְֽעִם־קָלוֹן חֶרְפָּֽה׃vevvo'-rasha'-va'-gam-vvz-ve'im-qalvon-cherefah
KJV: When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt, and with ignominy reproach.
AKJV: When the wicked comes, then comes also contempt, and with ignominy reproach.
ASV: When the wicked cometh, there cometh also contempt,
YLT: With the coming of the wicked come also hath contempt, And with shame--reproach.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:3
Verse 3 When the wicked cometh, etc. - would it not be better to read this verse thus? "When the wicked cometh contempt cometh; and with ignominy cometh reproach." A wicked man is despised even by the wicked. He who falls under ignominy falls under reproach.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt, and with ignominy reproach.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:4
Hebrew
מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים דִּבְרֵי פִי־אִישׁ נַחַל נֹבֵעַ מְקוֹר חָכְמָֽה׃mayim-'amuqiym-diverey-fiy-'iysh-nachal-nove'a-meqvor-chakhemah
KJV: The words of a man’s mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring of wisdom as a flowing brook.
AKJV: The words of a man’s mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring of wisdom as a flowing brook.
ASV: The words of a man’s mouth areasdeep waters;
YLT: Deep waters are the words of a man's mouth, The fountain of wisdom is a flowing brook.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:4
Verse 4 The words of a man's mouth - That is, the wise sayings of a wise man are like deep waters; howsoever much you pump or draw off, you do not appear to lessen them. The well-spring of wisdom - Where there is a sound understanding, and a deep, well-informed mind, its wisdom and its counsels are an incessant stream, מקור חכמה mekor chochmah, "the vein of wisdom," ever throwing out its healthy streams: but מקור חיים mekor chaiyim, "the vein of Lives," is the reading of eight of Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS., and is countenanced by the Septuagint, πηγη ζωης, "the fountain of life." And so the Arabic. This is the more likely to be the true reading, because the figure of the heart propelling the blood through the great aorta, to send it to all parts of the animal system, is a favourite with Solomon, as it was with his father, David. See the note on Psa 36:9; Pro 10:11, etc.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Lives
- Arabic
- Solomon
- David
Exposition: Proverbs 18:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The words of a man’s mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring of wisdom as a flowing brook.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:5
Hebrew
שְׂאֵת פְּנֵי־רָשָׁע לֹא־טוֹב לְהַטּוֹת צַדִּיק בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃she'et-feney-rasha'-lo'-tvov-lehatvot-tzadiyq-vamishefat
KJV: It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow the righteous in judgment.
AKJV: It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow the righteous in judgment.
ASV: To respect the person of the wicked is not good,
YLT: Acceptance of the face of the wicked is not good, To turn aside the righteous in judgment.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:5
Verse 5 To accept the person of the wicked - We must not, in judicial cases, pay any attention to a man's riches, influence, friends, offices, etc., but judge the case according to its own merits. But when the wicked rich man opposes and oppresses the poor righteous, then all those things should be utterly forgotten.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow the righteous in judgment.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:6
Hebrew
שִׂפְתֵי כְסִיל יָבֹאֽוּ בְרִיב וּפִיו לְֽמַהֲלֻמוֹת יִקְרָֽא׃shifetey-khesiyl-yavo'v-veriyv-vfiyv-lemahalumvot-yiqera'
KJV: A fool’s lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for strokes.
AKJV: A fool’s lips enter into contention, and his mouth calls for strokes.
ASV: A fool’s lips enter into contention,
YLT: The lips of a fool enter into strife, And his mouth for stripes calleth.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 18:6Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 18:6
Proverbs 18:6 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'A fool’s lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for strokes.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 18:6
Exposition: Proverbs 18:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A fool’s lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for strokes.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:7
Hebrew
פִּֽי־כְסִיל מְחִתָּה־לוֹ וּשְׂפָתָיו מוֹקֵשׁ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃fiy-khesiyl-mechitah-lvo-vshefatayv-mvoqesh-nafeshvo
KJV: A fool’s mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of his soul.
AKJV: A fool’s mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of his soul.
ASV: A fool’s mouth is his destruction,
YLT: The mouth of a fool is ruin to him, And his lips are the snare of his soul.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 18:7Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 18:7
Proverbs 18:7 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'A fool’s mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of his soul.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 18:7
Exposition: Proverbs 18:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A fool’s mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of his soul.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:8
Hebrew
דִּבְרֵי נִרְגָּן כְּמִֽתְלַהֲמִים וְהֵם יָרְדוּ חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן׃diverey-niregan-khemitelahamiym-vehem-yaredv-chaderey-vaten
KJV: The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly.
AKJV: The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly.
ASV: The words of a whisperer are as dainty morsels,
YLT: The words of a tale-bearer are as self-inflicted wounds, And they have gone down to the inner parts of the heart.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:8
Verse 8 The words of a tale-bearer - דברי נרגן dibrey nirgan, "the words of the whisperer," the busy-body, the busy, meddling croaker. Verba bilinguis, "the words of the double-tongued." - Vulgate. The wordes of the twisel tunge - Old MS. Bible. "The words of a slanderer." - Coverdale. The words of a deceiver, the fair-spoken, deeply-malicious man, though they appear soft and gracious, are wounds deeply injurious. The original word is כמתלהמים kemithlahamim; they are as soft or simple, or undesigning. But Schultens gives another meaning. He observes that lahamah in Arabic signifies to "swallow down quickly or greedily." Such words are like dainties, eagerly swallowed, because inviting to the taste; like gingerbread, apparently gilded over, though with Dutch leaf, which is a preparation of copper; or sweetmeats powdered over with red candied seeds, which are thus formed by red lead; both deeply ruinous to the tender bowels of the poor little innocents, but, because of their sweetness and inviting color, greedily swallowed down. This makes a good reading, and agrees with the latter clause of the verse, "they go down into the innermost parts of the belly."
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- Bible
- Coverdale
Exposition: Proverbs 18:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:9
Hebrew
גַּם מִתְרַפֶּה בִמְלַאכְתּוֹ אָח הוּא לְבַעַל מַשְׁחִֽית׃gam-miterafeh-vimela'khetvo-'ach-hv'-leva'al-mashechiyt
KJV: He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster.
AKJV: He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster.
ASV: He also that is slack in his work
YLT: He also that is remiss in his work, A brother he is to a destroyer.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:9
Verse 9 He also that is slothful - A slothful man neglects his work, and the materials go to ruin: the master, he destroys the materials. They are both destroyers.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:10
Hebrew
מִגְדַּל־עֹז שֵׁם יְהוָה בּֽוֹ־יָרוּץ צַדִּיק וְנִשְׂגָּֽב׃migedal-'oz-shem-yehvah-vvo-yarvtz-tzadiyq-venishegav
KJV: The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runneth into it, and is safe.
AKJV: The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runs into it, and is safe.
ASV: The name of Jehovah is a strong tower;
YLT: A tower of strength is the name of Jehovah, Into it the righteous runneth, and is set on high.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:10
Verse 10 The name of the Lord is a strong tower - The name of the Lord may be taken for the Lord himself; he is a strong tower, a refuge, and place of complete safety, to all that trust in him. What a strong fortress is to the besieged, the like is God to his persecuted, tempted, afflicted followers.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runneth into it, and is safe.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:11
Hebrew
הוֹן עָשִׁיר קִרְיַת עֻזּוֹ וּכְחוֹמָה נִשְׂגָּבָה בְּמַשְׂכִּיתֽוֹ׃hvon-'ashiyr-qireyat-'uzvo-vkhechvomah-nishegavah-vemashekhiytvo
KJV: The rich man’s wealth is his strong city, and as an high wall in his own conceit.
AKJV: The rich man’s wealth is his strong city, and as an high wall in his own conceit.
ASV: The rich man’s wealth is his strong city,
YLT: The wealth of the rich is the city of his strength, And as a wall set on high in his own imagination.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 18:11Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 18:11
Proverbs 18:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The rich man’s wealth is his strong city, and as an high wall in his own conceit.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 18:11
Exposition: Proverbs 18:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The rich man’s wealth is his strong city, and as an high wall in his own conceit.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:12
Hebrew
לִפְנֵי־שֶׁבֶר יִגְבַּהּ לֵב־אִישׁ וְלִפְנֵי כָבוֹד עֲנָוֽ͏ָה׃lifeney-shever-yigevah-lev-'iysh-velifeney-khavvod-'anavah
KJV: Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is humility.
AKJV: Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honor is humility.
ASV: Before destruction the heart of man is haughty;
YLT: Before destruction the heart of man is high, And before honour is humility.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 18:12Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 18:12
Proverbs 18:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is humility.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 18:12
Exposition: Proverbs 18:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is humility.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:13
Hebrew
מֵשִׁיב דָּבָר בְּטֶרֶם יִשְׁמָע אִוֶּלֶת הִיא־לוֹ וּכְלִמָּֽה׃meshiyv-davar-veterem-yishema'-'ivelet-hiy'-lvo-vkhelimah
KJV: He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him.
AKJV: He that answers a matter before he hears it, it is folly and shame to him.
ASV: He that giveth answer before he heareth,
YLT: Whoso is answering a matter before he heareth, Folly it is to him and shame.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:13
Verse 13 He that answereth a matter - This is a common case; before a man can tell out his story, another will begin his. Before a man has made his response, the other wishes to confute piecemeal, though he has had his own speech already. This is foolishness to them. They are ill-bred. There are many also that give judgment before they hear the whole of the cause, and express an opinion before they hear the state of the case. How absurd, stupid, and foolish!
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:14
Hebrew
רֽוּחַ־אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ וְרוּחַ נְכֵאָה מִי יִשָּׂאֶֽנָּה׃rvcha-'iysh-yekhalekhel-machalehv-vervcha-nekhe'ah-miy-yisha'enah
KJV: The spirit of a man will sustain his infirmity; but a wounded spirit who can bear?
AKJV: The spirit of a man will sustain his infirmity; but a wounded spirit who can bear?
ASV: The spirit of a man will sustain his infirmity;
YLT: The spirit of a man sustaineth his sickness, And a smitten spirit who doth bear?
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:14Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:14
Verse 14 The spirit of a man will sustain - A man sustains the ills of his body, and the trials of life, by the strength and energy of his mind. But if the mind be scoundrel, if this be cast down, if slow-consuming care and grief have shot the dagger into the soul, what can then sustain the man? Nothing but the unseen God. Therefore, let the afflicted pray. A man's own spirit has, in general, sufficient fortitude to bear up under the unavoidable trials of life; but when the conscience is wounded by sin, and the soul is dying by iniquity, who can lift him up? God alone; for salvation is of the Lord.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Therefore
- Lord
Exposition: Proverbs 18:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The spirit of a man will sustain his infirmity; but a wounded spirit who can bear?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:15
Hebrew
לֵב נָבוֹן יִקְנֶה־דָּעַת וְאֹזֶן חֲכָמִים תְּבַקֶּשׁ־דָּֽעַת׃lev-navvon-yiqeneh-da'at-ve'ozen-chakhamiym-tevaqesh-da'at
KJV: The heart of the prudent getteth knowledge; and the ear of the wise seeketh knowledge.
AKJV: The heart of the prudent gets knowledge; and the ear of the wise seeks knowledge.
ASV: The heart of the prudent getteth knowledge;
YLT: The heart of the intelligent getteth knowledge, And the ear of the wise seeketh knowledge.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 18:15Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 18:15
Proverbs 18:15 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The heart of the prudent getteth knowledge; and the ear of the wise seeketh knowledge.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 18:15
Exposition: Proverbs 18:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The heart of the prudent getteth knowledge; and the ear of the wise seeketh knowledge.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:16
Hebrew
מַתָּן אָדָם יַרְחִיב לוֹ וְלִפְנֵי גְדֹלִים יַנְחֶֽנּוּ׃matan-'adam-yarechiyv-lvo-velifeney-gedoliym-yanechenv
KJV: A man’s gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him before great men.
AKJV: A man’s gift makes room for him, and brings him before great men.
ASV: A man’s gift maketh room for him,
YLT: The gift of a man maketh room for him, And before the great it leadeth him.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:16
Verse 16 A man's gift maketh room for him - It is, and ever has been, a base and degrading practice in Asiatic countries, to bring a gift or present to the great man into whose presence you come. Without this there is no audience, no favor, no justice. This arose from the circumstance that men must not approach the altar of God without an offering. Potentates, wishing to be considered as petty gods, demanded a similar homage: - Munera, crede mihi, capiunt hominesquedeosque; Placatur donis Jupiter ipse suis. Ovid "Believe me, gifts prevail much with both gods and men: even Jupiter himself is pleased with his own offerings."
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Potentates
- Munera
Exposition: Proverbs 18:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A man’s gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him before great men.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:17
Hebrew
צַדִּיק הָרִאשׁוֹן בְּרִיבוֹ יבא־וּבָֽא־רֵעֵהוּ וַחֲקָרֽוֹ׃tzadiyq-hari'shvon-veriyvvo-yv'-vva'-re'ehv-vachaqarvo
KJV: He that is first in his own cause seemeth just; but his neighbour cometh and searcheth him.
AKJV: He that is first in his own cause seems just; but his neighbor comes and searches him.
ASV: He that pleadeth his cause first seemeth just;
YLT: Righteous is the first in his own cause, His neighbour cometh and hath searched him.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:17
Verse 17 He that is first in his own cause - Any man may, in the first instance, make out a fair tale, because he has the choice of circumstances and arguments. But when the neighbor cometh and searcheth him, he examines all, dissects all, swears and cross-questions every witness, and brings out truth and fact.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He that is first in his own cause seemeth just; but his neighbour cometh and searcheth him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:18
Hebrew
מִדְיָנִים יַשְׁבִּית הַגּוֹרָל וּבֵין עֲצוּמִים יַפְרִֽיד׃mideyaniym-yasheviyt-hagvoral-vveyn-'atzvmiym-yaferiyd
KJV: The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the mighty.
AKJV: The lot causes contentions to cease, and parts between the mighty.
ASV: The lot causeth contentions to cease,
YLT: The lot causeth contentions to cease, And between the mighty it separateth.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 18:18Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 18:18
Proverbs 18:18 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the mighty.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 18:18
Exposition: Proverbs 18:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the mighty.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:19
Hebrew
אָח נִפְשָׁע מִקִּרְיַת־עֹז ומדונים וּמִדְיָנִים כִּבְרִיחַ אַרְמֽוֹן׃'ach-nifesha'-miqireyat-'oz-vmdvnym-vmideyaniym-khiveriycha-'aremvon
KJV: A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city: and their contentions are like the bars of a castle.
AKJV: A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city: and their contentions are like the bars of a castle.
ASV: A brother offendedis harder to be won than a strong city;
YLT: A brother transgressed against is as a strong city, And contentions as the bar of a palace.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:19
Verse 19 A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city - Almost all the versions agree in the following reading: "A brother assisted by a brother, is like a fortified city; and their decisions are like the bars of a city." Coverdale is both plain and terse: "The unitie of brethren is stronger then a castell, and they that holde together are like the barre of a palace." The fable of the dying father, his sons, and the bundle of faggots, illustrates this proverb. Unity among brethren makes them invincible; small things grow great by concord. If we take the words according to the common version, we see them express what, alas! we know to be too generally true: that when brothers fall out, it is with extreme difficulty that they can be reconciled. And fraternal enmities are generally strong and inveterate.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city: and their contentions are like the bars of a castle.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:20
Hebrew
מִפְּרִי פִי־אִישׁ תִּשְׂבַּע בִּטְנוֹ תְּבוּאַת שְׂפָתָיו יִשְׂבָּֽע׃miferiy-fiy-'iysh-tisheva'-vitenvo-tevv'at-shefatayv-yisheva'
KJV: A man’s belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; and with the increase of his lips shall he be filled.
AKJV: A man’s belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; and with the increase of his lips shall he be filled.
ASV: A man’s belly shall be filled with the fruit of his mouth;
YLT: From the fruit of a man's mouth is his belly satisfied, From the increase of his lips he is satisfied.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 18:20Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 18:20
Proverbs 18:20 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'A man’s belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; and with the increase of his lips shall he be filled.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 18:20
Exposition: Proverbs 18:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A man’s belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; and with the increase of his lips shall he be filled.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:21
Hebrew
מָוֶת וְחַיִּים בְּיַד־לָשׁוֹן וְאֹהֲבֶיהָ יֹאכַל פִּרְיָֽהּ׃mavet-vechayiym-veyad-lashvon-ve'ohaveyha-yo'khal-fireyah
KJV: Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they that love it shall eat the fruit thereof.
AKJV: Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they that love it shall eat the fruit thereof.
ASV: Death and life are in the power of the tongue;
YLT: Death and life are in the power of the tongue, And those loving it eat its fruit.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:21
Verse 21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue - This may apply to all men. Many have lost their lives by their tongue, and some have saved their lives by it: but it applies most forcibly to public pleaders; on many of their tongues hangs life or death.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 18:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they that love it shall eat the fruit thereof.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:22
Hebrew
מָצָא אִשָּׁה מָצָא טוֹב וַיָּפֶק רָצוֹן מֵיְהוָֽה׃matza'-'ishah-matza'-tvov-vayafeq-ratzvon-meyehvah
KJV: Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing, and obtaineth favour of the LORD.
AKJV: Whoever finds a wife finds a good thing, and obtains favor of the LORD.
ASV: Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing,
YLT: Whoso hath found a wife hath found good, And bringeth out good-will from Jehovah.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:22
Verse 22 Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing - Marriage, with all its troubles and embarrassments, is a blessing from God; and there are few cases where a wife of any sort is not better than none, because celibacy is an evil; for God himself hath said, "It is not good for man to be alone." None of the versions, except the Chaldee, are pleased with the naked simplicity of the Hebrew text, hence they all add good: "He that findeth a Good wife findeth a good thing;" and most people, who have not deeply considered the subject, think the assertion, without this qualification, is absurd. Some copies of the Targum, and apparently one of Kennicott's MSS., have the addition טובה tobah, good; but this would be an authority too slender to justify changing the Hebrew text; yet Houbigant, Kennicott, and other able critics argue for it. The Septuagint is not satisfied without an addition: "But he who puts away a good wife, puts away a good thing: and he that retains an adulteress, is a fool and wicked." In this addition the Vulgate, Syriac, and Arabic, agree with the Septuagint. The Hebrew text as it stands, teaches a general doctrine by a simple but general proposition: "He that findeth a wife findeth a good thing." So St. Paul: "Marriage is honorable in all." Had the world been left, in this respect, to the unbridled propensities of man, in what a horrible state would society have been - if indeed society could have existed, or civilization have taken place - if marriage had not obtained among men! As to good wives and bad wives, they are relatively so, in general; and most of them that have been bad afterwards, have been good at first; and we well know the best things may deteriorate, and the world generally allows that where there are matrimonial contentions, there are faults on both sides.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Targum
- Marriage
- Chaldee
- Houbigant
- Kennicott
- Syriac
- Arabic
- So St
- Paul
Exposition: Proverbs 18:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing, and obtaineth favour of the LORD.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:23
Hebrew
תַּחֲנוּנִים יְדַבֶּר־רָשׁ וְעָשִׁיר יַעֲנֶה עַזּֽוֹת׃tachanvniym-yedaver-rash-ve'ashiyr-ya'aneh-'azvot
KJV: The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly.
AKJV: The poor uses entreaties; but the rich answers roughly.
ASV: The poor useth entreaties;
YLT: With supplications doth the poor speak, And the rich answereth fierce things.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 18:23Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 18:23
Proverbs 18:23 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 18:23
Exposition: Proverbs 18:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 18:24
Hebrew
אִישׁ רֵעִים לְהִתְרֹעֵעַ וְיֵשׁ אֹהֵב דָּבֵק מֵאָֽח׃'iysh-re'iym-lehitero'e'a-veyesh-'ohev-daveq-me'ach
KJV: A man that hath friends must shew himself friendly: and there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother.
AKJV: A man that has friends must show himself friendly: and there is a friend that sticks closer than a brother.
ASV: He that maketh many friends doeth it to his own destruction;
YLT: A man with friends is to show himself friendly, And there is a lover adhering more than a brother!
Commentary WitnessProverbs 18:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:24
Verse 24 A man that hath friends must show himself friendly - Love begets love; and love requires love as its recompense. If a man do not maintain a friendly carriage, he cannot expect to retain his friends. Friendship is a good plant; but it requires cultivation to make it grow. There is a kind of factitious friendship in the world, that, to show one's self friendly in it, is very expensive, and in every way utterly unprofitable: it is maintained by expensive parties. feasts, etc., where the table groans with dainties, and where the conversation is either jejune and insipid, or calumnious; backbiting, talebearing, and scandal, being the general topics of the different squads in company. There is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother - In many cases the genuine friend has shown more attachment, and rendered greater benefits, than the natural brother. Some apply this to God; others to Christ; but the text has no such meaning. But critics and commentators are not agreed on the translation of this verse. The original is condensed and obscure. אוש רעים להתרועע ish reim lehithroea, or lehithroeang, as some would read, who translate: A man of friends may ring again; i.e., he may boast and mightily exult: but there is a friend, אהב oheb, a lover, that sticketh closer, דבק dabek, is glued or cemented, מאח meach, beyond, or more than, a brother. The former will continue during prosperity, but the latter continues closely united to his friend, even in the most disastrous circumstances. Hence that maxim of Cicero, so often repeated, and so well known: - Amicus certus in re incerta cernitur. "In doubtful times the genuine friend is known." A late commentator has translated the verse thus: - The man that hath many friends is ready to be ruined: But there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Holden. "A frende that delyteth in love, doth a man more frendship, and sticketh faster unto him, than a brother." Coverdale. "A man that hath friends ought to show himself friendly for a friend is nearer than a brother." Barker's Bible, 1615. "A man amyable to felowschip, more a freend schal ben thanne a brother." - Old MS. Bible. The two last verses in this chapter, and the two first of the next, are wanting in the Septuagint and Arabic. These are the principal varieties; out of them the reader may choose. I have already given my opinion.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Christ
- Cicero
- Holden
- Coverdale
- Bible
- Arabic
Exposition: Proverbs 18:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A man that hath friends must shew himself friendly: and there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
16
Generated editorial witnesses
8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Proverbs 18:1
- Proverbs 18:2
- Proverbs 18:3
- Proverbs 18:4
- Proverbs 18:5
- Proverbs 18:6
- Proverbs 18:7
- Proverbs 18:8
- Proverbs 18:9
- Proverbs 18:10
- Proverbs 18:11
- Proverbs 18:12
- Proverbs 18:13
- Proverbs 18:14
- Proverbs 18:15
- Proverbs 18:16
- Proverbs 18:17
- Proverbs 18:18
- Proverbs 18:19
- Proverbs 18:20
- Proverbs 18:21
- Proverbs 18:22
- Proverbs 18:23
- Proverbs 18:24
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Lord
- The Vulgate
- Arabic
- Barker
- The Hebrew
- Lives
- Solomon
- David
- Bible
- Coverdale
- Ray
- Therefore
- Ovid
- Potentates
- Munera
- Targum
- Marriage
- Chaldee
- Houbigant
- Kennicott
- Syriac
- So St
- Paul
- Christ
- Cicero
- Holden
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Commentary Witness
Proverbs 18:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 18:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness