Apologetics Bible
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Proverbs (Mishlei) is the manual of applied wisdom for covenant living. Wisdom in Proverbs is not abstract philosophy but ordered perception of reality — the recognition that creation has a moral grain, that fear of YHWH is the beginning of all true knowledge, and that human flourishing follows the design built into the fabric of things.
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Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Proverbs_30
- Primary Witness Text: The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal, Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man. I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy. Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son’s name, if thou canst tell? Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him. Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar. Two things have I required of thee; deny me them not before I die: Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me: Lest I be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain. Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty. There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not bless their mother. There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness. There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up. There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men. The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give,...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Proverbs_30
- Chapter Blob Preview: The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal, Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man. I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy. Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? ...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Proverbs (Mishlei) is the manual of applied wisdom for covenant living. Wisdom in Proverbs is not abstract philosophy but ordered perception of reality — the recognition that creation has a moral grain, that fear of YHWH is the beginning of all true knowledge, and that human flourishing follows the design built into the fabric of things.
Proverbs 8's personified Wisdom — present at creation, delighting before God — is cited by early Church Fathers as a window into the eternal Son. The book's practical ethics (sexual integrity, speech, work, generosity) embody a worldview in which creation's design is the source of moral instruction.
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Proverbs 30:1
Hebrew
דִּבְרֵי ׀ אָגוּר בִּן־יָקֶה הַמַּשָּׂא נְאֻם הַגֶּבֶר לְאִֽיתִיאֵל לְאִיתִיאֵל וְאֻכָֽל׃diverey- -'agvr-vin-yaqeh-hamasha'-ne'um-hagever-le'iytiy'el-le'iytiy'el-ve'ukhal
KJV: The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal,
AKJV: The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spoke to Ithiel, even to Ithiel and Ucal,
ASV: The words of Agur the son of Jakeh; the oracle.
YLT: Words of a Gatherer, son of an obedient one, the declaration, an affirmation of the man: --I have wearied myself for God, I have wearied myself for God, and am consumed.
Exposition: Proverbs 30:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:2
Hebrew
כִּי בַעַר אָנֹכִי מֵאִישׁ וְלֹֽא־בִינַת אָדָם לִֽי׃khiy-va'ar-'anokhiy-me'iysh-velo'-viynat-'adam-liy
KJV: Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man.
AKJV: Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man.
ASV: Surely I am more brutish than any man,
YLT: For I am more brutish than any one, And have not the understanding of a man.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:2
Verse 2 Surely I am more brutish - These words can in no sense, nor by any mode of speech, be true of Solomon: for while he was the wisest of men, he could not have said that he was more brutish than any man, and had not the understanding of a man. It is saying nothing to the purpose, to say he was so independently of the Divine teaching. Had he put this in, even by innuendo, it might be legitimate: but he does not; nor is it by fair implication to be understood. Solomon is not supposed to have written the Proverbs after he fell from God. Then indeed he might have said he had been more brutish than any man. But Agur might have used these words with strict propriety, for aught we know; for it is very probable that he was a rustic, without education, and without any human help, as was the prophet Amos; and that all that he knew now was by the inspiration of the Almighty, independently of which he was rustic and uneducated.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Solomon
- Amos
- Almighty
Exposition: Proverbs 30:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:3
Hebrew
וְלֹֽא־לָמַדְתִּי חָכְמָה וְדַעַת קְדֹשִׁים אֵדָֽע׃velo'-lamadetiy-chakhemah-veda'at-qedoshiym-'eda'
KJV: I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy.
AKJV: I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy.
ASV: And I have not learned wisdom,
YLT: Nor have I learned wisdom, Yet the knowledge of Holy Ones I know.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:3Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:3
Proverbs 30:3 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:3
Exposition: Proverbs 30:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:4
Hebrew
מִי עָלָֽה־שָׁמַיִם ׀ וַיֵּרַד מִי אָֽסַף־רוּחַ ׀ בְּחָפְנָיו מִי צָֽרַר־מַיִם ׀ בַּשִּׂמְלָה מִי הֵקִים כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָרֶץ מַה־שְּׁמוֹ וּמַֽה־שֶּׁם־בְּנוֹ כִּי תֵדָֽע׃miy-'alah-shamayim- -vayerad-miy-'asaf-rvcha- -vechafenayv-miy-tzarar-mayim- -vashimelah-miy-heqiym-khal-'afesey-'aretz-mah-shemvo-vmah-shem-venvo-khiy-teda'
KJV: Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son’s name, if thou canst tell?
AKJV: Who has ascended up into heaven, or descended? who has gathered the wind in his fists? who has bound the waters in a garment? who has established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son’s name, if you can tell?
ASV: Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended?
YLT: Who went up to heaven, and cometh down? Who hath gathered the wind in his fists? Who hath bound waters in a garment? Who established all ends of the earth? What is His name? and what His son's name? Surely thou knowest!
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:4
Verse 4 Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? - Calmet paraphrases this passage thus: "Who hath descended, etc. In order to show the truth of what he was about to say, he observes: I have not the science of the saints; for how could I have acquired it? Who is he who could attain to that? Who has ascended to heaven to learn that science, and who has descended in order to publish it? Is the science of salvation one of those things that can be apprehended only by study? Is it not a pure gift of the goodness of God? Moses, after having shown to the people the will of God, said to them: 'This commandment which I command thee this day is not hidden from thee; neither is it far off. It is not in heaven, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go up for us to heaven, and bring it unto us, that we may hear it, and do it?' Deu 30:11, Deu 30:12. The person whose words we are here examining speaks a knowledge more sublime than that contained in the simple laws of the Lord, common to all the people of Israel. He speaks of the sublime science of the designs of God, of his ways, and of his secrets; and in this sense he affirms he has no knowledge." Who hath gathered the wind in his fists? - It is as difficult for a mortal man to acquire this Divine science by his own reason and strength, as to collect the winds in his fists. And who can command the spirit of prophecy, so that he can have it whensoever he pleases? What is his name? - Show me the nature of this Supreme Being. Point out his eternity, omniscience, omnipresence, omnipotence; comprehend and describe him, if thou canst. What is his son's name - Some copies of the Septuagint have η τι ονομα τοις τικνοιο αυτου; "Or the name of his sons;" meaning, I suppose, the holy angels, called his saints or holy ones, Pro 30:3. The Arabic has, What is his name? and what is the name of his father? him who begat him. But the Chaldee, the Syriac, and the Vulgate, read as the Hebrew. Many are of opinion that Agur refers here to the first and second persons of the everblessed Trinity. It may be so; but who would venture to rest the proof of that most glorious doctrine upon such a text, to say nothing of the obscure author? The doctrine is true, sublimely true; but many doctrines have suffered in controversy, by improper texts being urged in their favor. Every lover of God and truth should be very choice in his selections, when he comes forward in behalf of the more mysterious doctrines of the Bible. Quote nothing that is not clear: advance nothing that does not tell. When we are obliged to spend a world of critical labor, in order to establish the sense of a text which we intend to allege in favor of the doctrine we wish to support, we may rest assured that we are going the wrong way to work. Those who indiscriminately amass every text of Scripture they think bears upon the subject they defend, give their adversaries great advantage against them. I see many a sacred doctrine suffering through the bad judgment of its friends every day. The Godhead of Christ, salvation by faith, the great atoning sacrifice, and other essential doctrines of this class, are all suffering in this way. My heart says, with deep concern, Non tali auxilio, nec defensoribus istis, Tempus eget. When truth is assailed by all kinds of weapons, handled by the most powerful foes, injudicious defenders may be ranked among its enemies. To such we may innocently say, "Keep your cabins; you do assist the storm."
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Moses
- Lord
- Israel
- Supreme Being
- Chaldee
- Syriac
- Trinity
- Bible
- Christ
Exposition: Proverbs 30:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son’s...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:5
Hebrew
כָּל־אִמְרַת אֱלוֹהַּ צְרוּפָה מָגֵן הוּא לַֽחֹסִים בּֽוֹ׃khal-'imerat-'elvoha-tzervfah-magen-hv'-lachosiym-vvo
KJV: Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him.
AKJV: Every word of God is pure: he is a shield to them that put their trust in him.
ASV: Every word of God is tried:
YLT: Every saying of God is tried, A shield He is to those trusting in Him.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:5
Verse 5 Every word of God is pure - כל אמרת אלוה צרופה col imrath eloah tseruphah, "Every oracle of God is purified." A metaphor taken from the purifying of metals. Every thing that God has pronounced, every inspiration which the prophets have received, is pure, without mixture of error, without dross. Whatever trials it may be exposed to, it is always like gold: it bears the fire, and comes out with the same lustre, the same purity, and the same weight. He is a shield unto them - And this oracle among the rest. "He is the defense of all them that put their trust in him." לכל lechol, to all, is added here by nineteen of Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS.; for instead of לחסים lachosim, to the trusters, they read לכל החוסים lechol hachosim, "to Every One of them that trust." Where the preposition and adjective are not only added, but the noun is written more full, and more emphatic: but a translation cannot well express it without paraphrase.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 30:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:6
Hebrew
אַל־תּוֹסְףְּ עַל־דְּבָרָיו פֶּן־יוֹכִיחַ בְּךָ וְנִכְזָֽבְתָּ׃'al-tvosefe-'al-devarayv-fen-yvokhiycha-vekha-venikhezaveta
KJV: Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar.
AKJV: Add you not to his words, lest he reprove you, and you be found a liar.
ASV: Add thou not unto his words,
YLT: Add not to His words, lest He reason with thee, And thou hast been found false.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:6
Verse 6 Add not thou unto his words - You can no more increase their value by any addition, than you can that of gold by adding any other metal to it. Take care that you do not any thing that this word forbids, nor leave undone any thing that it commands: for this is adding and diminishing in Scripture phrase. Lest he reprove thee - Lest he try thy word by fire, as his has been tried; and it appear that, far from abiding the test, the fire shows thine to be reprobate silver; and so thou be found a falsifier of God's word, and a liar. How amply has this been fulfilled in the case of the Romish Church! It has added all the gross stuff in the Apocrypha, besides innumerable legends and traditions, to the word of God! They have been tried by the refiner's fire. And this Church has been reproved, and found to be a liar, in attempting to filiate on the most holy God spurious writings discreditable to his nature.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Apocrypha
Exposition: Proverbs 30:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:7
Hebrew
שְׁתַּיִם שָׁאַלְתִּי מֵאִתָּךְ אַל־תִּמְנַע מִמֶּנִּי בְּטֶרֶם אָמֽוּת׃shetayim-sha'aletiy-me'itakhe-'al-timena'-mimeniy-veterem-'amvt
KJV: Two things have I required of thee; deny me them not before I die:
AKJV: Two things have I required of you; deny me them not before I die:
ASV: Two things have I asked of thee;
YLT: Two things I have asked from Thee, Withhold not from me before I die.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:7
Verse 7 Two things have I required of thee - These two petitions are mentioned in the next verse; and he wishes to have them answered before he should die. That is, he wishes the answer now, that he may live the rest of his life in the state he describes.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 30:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Two things have I required of thee; deny me them not before I die:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:8
Hebrew
שָׁוְא ׀ וּֽדְבַר־כָּזָב הַרְחֵק מִמֶּנִּי רֵאשׁ וָעֹשֶׁר אַל־תִּֽתֶּן־לִי הַטְרִיפֵנִי לֶחֶם חֻקִּֽי׃shave'- -vdevar-khazav-harecheq-mimeniy-re'sh-va'osher-'al-titen-liy-hateriyfeniy-lechem-chuqiy
KJV: Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me:
AKJV: Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me:
ASV: Remove far from me falsehood and lies;
YLT: Vanity and a lying word put far from me, Poverty or wealth give not to me, Cause me to eat the bread of my portion,
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:8
Verse 8 Remove far from me vanity and lies - 1. שוא shav, all false shows, all false appearances of happiness, every vain expectation. Let me not set my heart on any thing that is not solid, true, durable, and eternal. 2. Lies, דבר כזב debar cazab, all words of deception, empty pretensions, false promises, uncertain dependences, and words that Fail; promises which, when they become due, are like bad bills; they are dishonored because they are found to be forged, or the drawer insolvent. From the import of the original, I am satisfied that Agur prays against idolatry, false religion, and false worship of every kind. שוא shau is used for an idol, a false god. Jer 18:15 : "My people have forsaken me; they have burnt incense to Vanity;" לשוא lashshav, "to an Idol." Psa 31:6 : "I have hated them that regard lying Vanities;" הבלי שוא habley shave, "vain Idols." See also Hos 12:11; Jon 2:8. And כזב cazab, a thing that fails or deceives, may well apply to the vain pretensions, false promises, and deceptive religious rites of idolatry. So Jer 15:18 : "Wilt thou be unto me as a liar," כמו אכזב kemo achzob, like the false, failing promises of the false gods; "and as waters that fail;" לא נאמנו lo neemanu, that are not faithful; not like the true God, whose promises never fail. According to this view of the subject, Agur prays, 1. That he may be preserved from idolatry. 2. That he may put no confidence in any words but those pure words of God that never fail them that trust in him. Give me neither poverty nor riches - Here are three requests: 1. Give me not poverty. The reason is added: Lest, being poor, I shall get into a covetous spirit, and, impelled by want, distrust my Maker, and take my neighbour's property; and, in order to excuse, hide, or vindicate my conduct, I take the name of my God in vain; תפשתי taphasti, "I catch at the name of God." Or, by swearing falsely, endeavor to make myself pass for innocent. Forswere the name of my God - Old MS. Bible. Coverdale, "deny or apostatize from him." 2. Give me not riches. For which petition he gives a reason also: Lest I be full, and addict myself to luxurious living, pamper the flesh and starve the soul, and so deny thee, the Fountain of goodness; and, if called on to resort to first principles, I say, Who is Jehovah! Why should I acknowledge, why should I serve him? And thus cast aside all religion, and all moral obligation. 3. The third request is, Feed me with food convenient for me, הטריפני לחם חקי hatripheni leechem chukki; the meaning of which is, "give me as prey my statute allowance of bread," i.e., my daily bread, a sufficient portion for each day. There is an allusion made to hunting: "Direct so by thy good providence, that I may each day find sufficient portion to subsist on, as a hunter in the forest prays that he may have good speed." It is the province of a preacher to show the importance and utility of such a prayer, and dilate the circumstances, and expand the reasons, after the commentator has shown the literal sense.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Jer 18:15
- Hos 12:11
- Jer 15:18
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Ray
- Lies
- Fail
- Vanity
- Idol
- Vanities
- Idols
- Lest
- Maker
- Or
- Bible
- Coverdale
Exposition: Proverbs 30:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:9
Hebrew
פֶּן אֶשְׂבַּע ׀ וְכִחַשְׁתִּי וְאָמַרְתִּי מִי יְהוָה וּפֶֽן־אִוָּרֵשׁ וְגָנַבְתִּי וְתָפַשְׂתִּי שֵׁם אֱלֹהָֽי׃fen-'esheva'- -vekhichashetiy-ve'amaretiy-miy-yehvah-vfen-'ivaresh-veganavetiy-vetafashetiy-shem-'elohay
KJV: Lest I be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain.
AKJV: Lest I be full, and deny you, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain.
ASV: Lest I be full, and denythee, and say, Who is Jehovah?
YLT: Lest I become satiated, and have denied, And have said, `Who is Jehovah?' And lest I be poor, and have stolen, And have laid hold of the name of my God.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:9Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:9
Proverbs 30:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Lest I be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:9
Exposition: Proverbs 30:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Lest I be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:10
Hebrew
אַל־תַּלְשֵׁן עֶבֶד אֶל־אדנו אֲדֹנָיו פֶּֽן־יְקַלֶּלְךָ וְאָשָֽׁמְתָּ׃'al-taleshen-'eved-'el-'dnv-'adonayv-fen-yeqalelekha-ve'ashameta
KJV: Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty.
AKJV: Accuse not a servant to his master, lest he curse you, and you be found guilty.
ASV: Slander not a servant unto his master,
YLT: Accuse not a servant unto his lord, Lest he disesteem thee, and thou be found guilty.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:10Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:10
Verse 10 Accuse not a servant - Do not bring a false accusation against a servant, lest thou be found guilty of the falsehood, and he curse thee for having traduced his character, and in his turn traduce thine. In general, do not meddle with other people's servants.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 30:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:11
Hebrew
דּוֹר אָבִיו יְקַלֵּל וְאֶת־אִמּוֹ לֹא יְבָרֵֽךְ׃dvor-'aviyv-yeqalel-ve'et-'imvo-lo'-yevarekhe
KJV: There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not bless their mother.
AKJV: There is a generation that curses their father, and does not bless their mother.
ASV: There is a generation that curse their father,
YLT: A generation is , that lightly esteemeth their father, And their mother doth not bless.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:11
Verse 11 There is a generation - There are such persons in the world. In this and the three following verses the wise man points out four grand evils that prevailed in his time. The first, Those who not only did not honor, but who evil-treated, their parents.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 30:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not bless their mother.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:12
Hebrew
דּוֹר טָהוֹר בְּעֵינָיו וּמִצֹּאָתוֹ לֹא רֻחָֽץ׃dvor-tahvor-ve'eynayv-vmitzo'atvo-lo'-ruchatz
KJV: There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness.
AKJV: There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness.
ASV: There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes,
YLT: A generation--pure in their own eyes, But from their own filth not washed.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:12Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:12
Proverbs 30:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:12
Exposition: Proverbs 30:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:13
Hebrew
דּוֹר מָה־רָמוּ עֵינָיו וְעַפְעַפָּיו יִנָּשֵֽׂאוּ׃dvor-mah-ramv-'eynayv-ve'afe'afayv-yinashe'v
KJV: There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.
AKJV: There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.
ASV: There is a generation, oh how lofty are their eyes!
YLT: A generation--how high are their eyes, Yea, their eyelids are lifted up.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:13Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:13
Proverbs 30:13 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:13
Exposition: Proverbs 30:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:14
Hebrew
דּוֹר ׀ חֲרָבוֹת שִׁנָּיו וּֽמַאֲכָלוֹת מְֽתַלְּעֹתָיו לֶאֱכֹל עֲנִיִּים מֵאֶרֶץ וְאֶבְיוֹנִים מֵאָדָֽם׃dvor- -charavvot-shinayv-vma'akhalvot-metale'otayv-le'ekhol-'aniyiym-me'eretz-ve'eveyvoniym-me'adam
KJV: There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men.
AKJV: There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men.
ASV: There is a generation whose teeth areasswords, and their jaw teethasknives,
YLT: A generation--swords are their teeth, And knives--their jaw-teeth, To consume the poor from earth, And the needy from among men.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:14Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:14
Proverbs 30:14 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:14
Exposition: Proverbs 30:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:15
Hebrew
לֽ͏ַעֲלוּקָה ׀ שְׁתֵּי בָנוֹת הַב ׀ הַב שָׁלוֹשׁ הֵנָּה לֹא תִשְׂבַּעְנָה אַרְבַּע לֹא־אָמְרוּ הֽוֹן׃la'alvqah- -shetey-vanvot-hav- -hav-shalvosh-henah-lo'-tisheva'enah-'areva'-lo'-'amerv-hvon
KJV: The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give. There are three things that are never satisfied, yea, four things say not, It is enough:
AKJV: The horse leach has two daughters, crying, Give, give. There are three things that are never satisfied, yes, four things say not, It is enough:
ASV: The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give.
YLT: To the leech are two daughters, Give, give, Lo, three things are not satisfied, Four have not said Sufficiency;'
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:15
Verse 15 The horseleech hath two daughters, crying, Give, give - "This horseleech," says Calmet, "is Covetousness, and her two daughters are Avarice and Ambition. They never say, It is enough; they are never satisfied; they are never contented." Many explanations have been given of this verse; but as all the versions agree in render ing עלוקה alukah the horseleech or blood-sucker, the general meaning collected has been, "There are persons so excessively covetous and greedy, that they will scarcely let any live but themselves; and when they lay hold of any thing by which they may profit, they never let go their hold till they have extracted the last portion of good from it." Horace has well expressed this disposition, and by the same emblem, applied to a poor poet, who seizes on and extracts all he can from an author of repute, and obliges all to hear him read his wretched verses. Quem vero arripuit, tenet, occiditque legendo, Non missura cutem, nisi plena cruoris, Hirudo. De arte poet., ver. 475. "But if he seize you, then the torture dread; He fastens on you till he reads you dead; And like a leech, voracious of his food, Quits not his cruel hold till gorged with blood." Francis. The word אלוקה alukah, which we here translate horseleech, is read in no other part of the Bible. May it not, like Agur, Jakeh, Ithiel, and Ucal, be a proper name, belonging to some well-known woman of his acquaintance, and well known to the public, who had two daughters notorious for their covetousness and lechery? And at first view the following verse may be thought to confirm this supposition: "There are three things that are never satisfied, yea, four things say not, It is enough." The grave, the barren womb the earth, the fire. What an astonishing simiiarity there is between this and the following institute, taken from the Code of Hindoo Laws, chapter 20, sec. i., p. 203. "A woman is never satisfied with the copulation of man, no more than a fire is satisfied with burning fuel; or the main ocean is with receiving the rivers; or death, with the dying of men and animals." You can no more satisfy these two daughters of Alukah than you can the grave, etc. Some of the rabbins have thought that alukah signifies destiny, or the necessity of dying, which they say has two daughters, Eden and Gehenna, paradise and hell. The former has never enough of righteous souls; the latter, of the wicked. Similar to them is the opinion of Bochart, who thinks alukah means destiny, and the two daughters, the grave and hell; into the first of which the body descends after death, and into the second, the soul. The Septuagint gives it a curious turn, by connecting the fifteenth with the sixteenth verse: Τῃ Βδελλῃ θυγατερες ησαν αγαπησει αγαπωμεναι, και αἱ τρεις αὑται ουκ ενεπιμπλασαν αυτην, και ἡ τεταρτη ουκ ηρκεσθη ειπειν· Ἱκανον; "The horseleech had three well-beloved daughters; and these three were not able to satisfy her desire: and the fourth was not satisfied, so as to say, It is enough." After all, I think my own conjecture the most probable. Alukah is a proper name, and the two daughters were of the description I have mentioned.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Bochart
- Give
- Calmet
- Covetousness
- Ambition
- Hirudo
- Francis
- Bible
- Agur
- Jakeh
- Ithiel
- Ucal
- Hindoo Laws
- Gehenna
Exposition: Proverbs 30:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give. There are three things that are never satisfied, yea, four things say not, It is enough:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:16
Hebrew
שְׁאוֹל וְעֹצֶר רָחַם אֶרֶץ לֹא־שָׂבְעָה מַּיִם וְאֵשׁ לֹא־אָמְרָה הֽוֹן׃she'vol-ve'otzer-racham-'eretz-lo'-shave'ah-mayim-ve'esh-lo'-'amerah-hvon
KJV: The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough.
AKJV: The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that says not, It is enough.
ASV: Sheol; and the barren womb;
YLT: Sheol, and a restrained womb, Earth--it is not satisfied with water, And fire--it hath not said, `Sufficiency,'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:16Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:16
Proverbs 30:16 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:16
Exposition: Proverbs 30:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:17
Hebrew
עַיִן ׀ תִּֽלְעַג לְאָב וְתָבוּז לִֽיקֲּהַת־אֵם יִקְּרוּהָ עֹרְבֵי־נַחַל וְֽיֹאכְלוּהָ בְנֵי־נָֽשֶׁר׃'ayin- -tile'ag-le'av-vetavvz-liyqahat-'em-yiqervha-'orevey-nachal-veyo'khelvha-veney-nasher
KJV: The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.
AKJV: The eye that mocks at his father, and despises to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.
ASV: The eye that mocketh at his father,
YLT: An eye that mocketh at a father, And despiseth to obey a mother, Dig it out do ravens of the valley, And eat it do young eagles.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:17
Verse 17 The eye that mocketh at his father - This seems to be spoken against those who curse their father, and do not bless their mother, Pro 30:11. The ravens of the valley - Those which frequent the places where dead carcasses and offal are most likely to be found. The raven, the crow, the rook, the daw, the carrion crow, and the Cornish chough, appear to be all of the same genus. Some of them live on pulse and insects; others, the raven in particular, live on carrion. The young eagles shall eat it - The mother eagle shall scoop out such an eye, and carry it to the nest to feed her young. Many of the disobedient to parents have come to an untimely end, and, in the field of battle, where many a profligate has fallen, and upon gibbets, have actually become the prey of ravenous birds.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 30:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:18
Hebrew
שְׁלֹשָׁה הֵמָּה נִפְלְאוּ מִמֶּנִּי וארבע וְאַרְבָּעָה לֹא יְדַעְתִּֽים׃sheloshah-hemah-nifele'v-mimeniy-v'rv'-ve'areva'ah-lo'-yeda'etiym
KJV: There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not:
AKJV: There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yes, four which I know not:
ASV: There are three things which are too wonderful for me,
YLT: Three things have been too wonderful for me, Yea, four that I have not known:
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:18Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:18
Proverbs 30:18 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not:'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:18
Exposition: Proverbs 30:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:19
Hebrew
דֶּרֶךְ הַנֶּשֶׁר ׀ בַּשָּׁמַיִם דֶּרֶךְ נָחָשׁ עֲלֵי צוּר דֶּֽרֶךְ־אֳנִיָּה בְלֶב־יָם וְדֶרֶךְ גֶּבֶר בְּעַלְמָֽה׃derekhe-hanesher- -vashamayim-derekhe-nachash-'aley-tzvr-derekhe-'oniyah-velev-yam-vederekhe-gever-ve'alemah
KJV: The way of an eagle in the air; the way of a serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst of the sea; and the way of a man with a maid.
AKJV: The way of an eagle in the air; the way of a serpent on a rock; the way of a ship in the middle of the sea; and the way of a man with a maid.
ASV: The way of an eagle in the air;
YLT: The way of the eagle in the heavens, The way of a serpent on a rock, The way of a ship in the heart of the sea, And the way of a man in youth.
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:19
Verse 19 The way of an eagle - I borrow, with thanks, the very sensible note of the Rev. Mr. Holden on this passage. "The particle כן ken plainly shows that Pro 30:19 and Pro 30:20 are to be taken in connection; consequently, it is a comparison between the way of an adulterous woman, and the way of the things here described. "The adulterous woman goes about in search of her deluded victim, like as the eagle takes its flight into the air to spy out its prey. She uses every species of blandishment and insinuation to allure and beguile, as the serpent employs its windings and sinuous motions to pass along the rocks; she pursues a course surrounded with danger, as a ship in the midst of the sea is continually exposed to the fury of the tempest, and the hazard of shipwreck; and she tries every means, and exercises all her sagacity, to prevent the discovery of her illicit enjoyments, as a man attempts to conceal his clandestine intercourse with a maid. Such is the conduct of a lewd woman, marked by specious dissimulation and traitorous blandishment; she eateth and wipeth her mouth-she indulges her adulterous lust, yet artfully endeavors to conceal it, and with unblushing countenance asserts her innocence, exclaiming, I have done no wickedness." Chaucer's January and May is an excellent comment on such wiles and protestations. The way of a man with a maid - בעלמה bealmah with or in a maid; but one of De Rossi's MSS. has בעלמיו bealmaiv, in his youth; and with this the Septuagint, ev neothti, the Vulgate, in adolescentia, the Syriac and the Arabic agree; and so also my own MS. Bible: - The weie of a man in his waxing youthe. Dr. Kennicott, in a sermon preached at Onsford, 1765, p. 46, has defended the reading of the versions, corroborating it by two MSS., one in the Harleian, and the other in the Bodleian library, besides that mentioned by De Rossi. See De Rossi's Var. Lect. Certainly the way of a man in his youth contains too many intricacies for human wisdom to explore. He only who searches the heart knows fully its various corrupt principles, and their productions. The common reading may refer to the formation of a child in the womb. But some have understood it of the immaculate conception. See my note on Mat 1:23 (note), where the subject is largely considered. If we take the four things which Agur says were too wonderful for him, in their obvious sense, there is little difficulty in them. 1. The passage which a bird makes through the air; 2. That which is made by a serpent on a rock; and, 3. That made by a ship through the sea, are such as cannot be ascertained: for who can possibly show the track in which either of them has passed? And as to the fourth, if it refer to the suspected incontinence of one reputed a virgin, the signs are so equivocal, as to be absolutely unascertainable. The existence of the hymen has been denied by the ablest anatomists; and the signs of continence or incontinence, except in the most recent cases, are such as neither man nor woman can swear to, even to the present day; and they were certainly not less difficult to Agur and his contemporaries. I shall carry this matter no farther.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Mat 1:23
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Rev
- Mr
- Bible
- Dr
- Kennicott
- Onsford
- Harleian
- De Rossi
- Var
- Lect
Exposition: Proverbs 30:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The way of an eagle in the air; the way of a serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst of the sea; and the way of a man with a maid.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:20
Hebrew
כֵּן ׀ דֶּרֶךְ אִשָּׁה מְנָאָפֶת אָכְלָה וּמָחֲתָה פִיהָ וְאָמְרָה לֹֽא־פָעַלְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃khen- -derekhe-'ishah-mena'afet-'akhelah-vmachatah-fiyha-ve'amerah-lo'-fa'aletiy-'aven
KJV: Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness.
AKJV: Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eats, and wipes her mouth, and says, I have done no wickedness.
ASV: So is the way of an adulterous woman;
YLT: So--the way of an adulterous woman, She hath eaten and hath wiped her mouth, And hath said, `I have not done iniquity.'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:20Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:20
Proverbs 30:20 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:20
Exposition: Proverbs 30:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:21
Hebrew
תַּחַת שָׁלוֹשׁ רָגְזָה אֶרֶץ וְתַחַת אַרְבַּע לֹא־תוּכַל שְׂאֵֽת׃tachat-shalvosh-ragezah-'eretz-vetachat-'areva'-lo'-tvkhal-she'et
KJV: For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear:
AKJV: For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear:
ASV: For three things the earth doth tremble,
YLT: For three things hath earth been troubled, And for four--it is not able to bear:
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:21
Verse 21 For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear - This is another enigma. Four things insupportable to men. 1. A slave, when he becomes ruler. 2. An overfed fool. 3. An ill-tempered woman, when mistress of a family. And, 4. A servant maid, when the rule of the house is committed to her. 1. A slave, when he comes to bear rule, is an unprincipled tyrant. It has been often observed both in America and in the West Indies, when it was judged necessary to arm some of the most confidential slaves, that no regiments were used so cruelly in the drill, etc., as those black regiments that had black officers. 2. The overfed fool. The intellectually weak man, who has every thing at his command, has generally manners which none can bear; and, if a favourite with his master, he is insupportable to all others. 3. An ill-tempered woman, when she gets embarrassed with domestic cares, is beyond bearing. 4. A servant maid, when, either through the death of the mistress, or the sin of the husband, she is in fact exalted to be head over the family, is so insolent and impudent, as to be hateful to every one, and execrated by all.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- And
- West Indies
Exposition: Proverbs 30:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:22
Hebrew
תַּֽחַת־עֶבֶד כִּי יִמְלוֹךְ וְנָבָל כִּי יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־לָֽחֶם׃tachat-'eved-khiy-yimelvokhe-venaval-khiy-yisheva'-lachem
KJV: For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat;
AKJV: For a servant when he reigns; and a fool when he is filled with meat;
ASV: For a servant when he is king;
YLT: For a servant when he reigneth, And a fool when he is satisfied with bread,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:22Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:22
Proverbs 30:22 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:22
Exposition: Proverbs 30:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:23
Hebrew
תַּחַת שְׂנוּאָה כִּי תִבָּעֵל וְשִׁפְחָה כִּֽי־תִירַשׁ גְּבִרְתָּֽהּ׃tachat-shenv'ah-khiy-tiva'el-veshifechah-khiy-tiyrash-geviretah
KJV: For an odious woman when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress.
AKJV: For an odious woman when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress.
ASV: For an odious woman when she is married;
YLT: For a hated one when she ruleth, And a maid-servant when she succeedeth her mistress.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:23Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:23
Proverbs 30:23 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'For an odious woman when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:23
Exposition: Proverbs 30:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For an odious woman when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:24
Hebrew
אַרְבָּעָה הֵם קְטַנֵּי־אָרֶץ וְהֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִֽים׃'areva'ah-hem-qetaney-'aretz-vehemah-chakhamiym-mechukhamiym
KJV: There be four things which are little upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise:
AKJV: There be four things which are little on the earth, but they are exceeding wise:
ASV: There are four things which are little upon the earth,
YLT: Four are little ones of earth, And they are made wiser than the wise:
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:24
Verse 24 There be four things - Of which it is said, they are very little but very wise. 1. The ants. 2. The rabbits. 3. The locusts. 4. The spider. 1. The ants show their wisdom by preparing their meat in the summer, seeking for it and storing it when it may be had; not for winter consumption, for they sleep all that time; but for autumn and spring. See the note on Pro 6:6 (note). The ants are a people; they have their houses, towns, cities, public roads, etc. I have seen several of these, both of the brown and large black ant. 2. The rabbits act curiously enough in the construction of their burrows; but the word שפן shaphan probably does not here mean the animal we call coney or rabbit. It is most likely that this is what Dr. Shaw calls the Daman - Israel; a creature very like a rabbit, but never burrowing in the ground, but dwelling in clefts and holes of rocks. 3. The locusts. These surprising animals we have already met with and described. Though they have no leader, yet they go forth by troops, some miles in circumference, when they take wing. 4. The spider. This is a singularly curious animal, both in the manner of constructing her house, her nets, and taking her prey. But the habits, etc., of these and such like must be sought in works on natural history.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Dr
- Israel
Exposition: Proverbs 30:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There be four things which are little upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:25
Hebrew
הַנְּמָלִים עַם לֹא־עָז וַיָּכִינוּ בַקַּיִץ לַחְמָֽם׃hanemaliym-'am-lo'-'az-vayakhiynv-vaqayitz-lachemam
KJV: The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer;
AKJV: The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer;
ASV: The ants are a people not strong,
YLT: The ants are a people not strong, And they prepare in summer their food,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:25Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:25
Proverbs 30:25 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:25
Exposition: Proverbs 30:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:26
Hebrew
שְׁפַנִּים עַם לֹא־עָצוּם וַיָּשִׂימוּ בַסֶּלַע בֵּיתָֽם׃shefaniym-'am-lo'-'atzvm-vayashiymv-vasela'-veytam
KJV: The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;
AKJV: The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;
ASV: The conies are but a feeble folk,
YLT: Conies are a people not strong, And they place in a rock their house,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:26Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:26
Proverbs 30:26 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:26
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:26
Exposition: Proverbs 30:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:27
Hebrew
מֶלֶךְ אֵין לָאַרְבֶּה וַיֵּצֵא חֹצֵץ כֻּלּֽוֹ׃melekhe-'eyn-la'areveh-vayetze'-chotzetz-khulvo
KJV: The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands;
AKJV: The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands;
ASV: The locusts have no king,
YLT: A king there is not to the locust, And it goeth out--each one shouting,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:27Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:27
Proverbs 30:27 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:27
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:27
Exposition: Proverbs 30:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:28
Hebrew
שְׂמָמִית בְּיָדַיִם תְּתַפֵּשׂ וְהִיא בְּהֵיכְלֵי מֶֽלֶךְ׃shemamiyt-veyadayim-tetafesh-vehiy'-veheykheley-melekhe
KJV: The spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings’ palaces.
AKJV: The spider takes hold with her hands, and is in kings’ palaces.
ASV: The lizard taketh hold with her hands,
YLT: A spider with two hands taketh hold, And is in the palaces of a king.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:28Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:28
Proverbs 30:28 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings’ palaces.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:28
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:28
Exposition: Proverbs 30:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings’ palaces.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:29
Hebrew
שְׁלֹשָׁה הֵמָּה מֵיטִיבֵי צָעַד וְאַרְבָּעָה מֵיטִבֵי לָֽכֶת׃sheloshah-hemah-meytiyvey-tza'ad-ve'areva'ah-meytivey-lakhet
KJV: There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in going:
AKJV: There be three things which go well, yes, four are comely in going:
ASV: There are three things which are stately in their march,
YLT: Three there are going well, Yea, four are good in going:
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:29Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:29
Verse 29 There be three things which go well - Here is another set of emblems; four things which walk beautifully and with majesty. 1. The lion. 2. The greyhound. 3. The he-goat. And, 4. A king. 1. Nothing can be more majestic than the walk of the lion. It is deliberate, equal, firm, and in every respect becoming the king of the forest. 2. The greyhound. זרזיר מתנים zarzir mothnayim, the girt in the loins; but what this beast is we do not distinctly know. It is most likely that this was the greyhound, which in the East are remarkably fine, and very fleet. Scarcely any thing can be conceived to go with greater fleetness, in full chase, than a greyhound with its prey in view: it seems to swim over the earth. 3. The goat, תיש tayish. This is generally allowed to be the he-goat; and how he walks, and what state he assumes, in the presence of his part of the flock, every one knows, who has at all noticed this animal. The ram also, which some suppose to be intended, is both fierce and majestic at the head of the sheep. 4. And a king, against whom there is no risi,nv up. That is, a king whose court, counsels, and troops, are so firmly united to him, as to render all hopes of successful conspiracy against him utterly vain. He walks boldly and majestically about, being safe in the affections of his people. But the Hebrew is singular; it makes but two words; and these are they, ומלך אלקום umelech Alkum, "and King Alkum." It is a doubt whether this may not be a proper name, as Agur abounds in them; see Ithiel, Ucal, and probably Alukah, Pro 30:15. But it is said, "We know nothing of a king named Alkum." True; nor do we know any thing of Agur, Ithiel, Ucal, to say nothing of Alukah. And this might have been some remarkable chieftain, who carried his victories wherever he went, and was remarkably fortunate. If, however, we separate the word into אל al, "not," and קום kum, "he arose," we may make the interpretation above given.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:29
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- And
- Alkum
- King Alkum
- Ithiel
- Ucal
- Alukah
- True
- Agur
- If
Exposition: Proverbs 30:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in going:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:30
Hebrew
לַיִשׁ גִּבּוֹר בַּבְּהֵמָה וְלֹא־יָשׁוּב מִפְּנֵי־כֹֽל׃layish-givvor-vavehemah-velo'-yashvv-mifeney-khol
KJV: A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any;
AKJV: A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turns not away for any;
ASV: The lion, which is mightiest among beasts,
YLT: An old lion--mighty among beasts, That turneth not back from the face of any,
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:30Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:30
Proverbs 30:30 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:30
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:30
Exposition: Proverbs 30:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:31
Hebrew
זַרְזִיר מָתְנַיִם אוֹ־תָיִשׁ וּמֶלֶךְ אַלְקוּם עִמּֽוֹ׃zareziyr-matenayim-'vo-tayish-vmelekhe-'aleqvm-'imvo
KJV: A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.
AKJV: A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.
ASV: The greyhound; the he-goat also;
YLT: A girt one of the loins, or a he-goat, And a king--no rising up with him.
Commentary Witness (Generated)Proverbs 30:31Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:31
Proverbs 30:31 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:31
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Proverbs 30:31
Exposition: Proverbs 30:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:32
Hebrew
אִם־נָבַלְתָּ בְהִתְנַשֵּׂא וְאִם־זַמּוֹתָ יָד לְפֶֽה׃'im-navaleta-vehitenashe'-ve'im-zamvota-yad-lefeh
KJV: If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth.
AKJV: If you have done foolishly in lifting up yourself, or if you have thought evil, lay your hand on your mouth.
ASV: If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself,
YLT: If thou hast been foolish in lifting up thyself, And if thou hast devised evil--hand to mouth!
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:32Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:32
Verse 32 If thou hast done foolishly - And who has not, at one time or other of his life? Lay thine hand upon thy mouth - Like the leper; and cry to God, Unclean! unclean! and keep silence to all besides. God will blot out thy offense, and neither the world nor the Church ever know it, for he is merciful; and man is rarely able to pass by a sin committed by his fellows, especially if it be one to which himself is by nature not liable or inclined.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:32
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Proverbs 30:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Proverbs 30:33
Hebrew
כִּי מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא חֶמְאָה וּֽמִיץ־אַף יוֹצִיא דָם וּמִיץ אַפַּיִם יוֹצִיא רִֽיב׃khiy-miytz-chalav-yvotziy'-cheme'ah-vmiytz-'af-yvotziy'-dam-vmiytz-'afayim-yvotziy'-riyv
KJV: Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.
AKJV: Surely the churning of milk brings forth butter, and the wringing of the nose brings forth blood: so the forcing of wrath brings forth strife.
ASV: For the churning of milk bringeth forth butter,
YLT: For the churning of milk bringeth out butter, And the wringing of the nose bringeth out blood, And the forcing of anger bringeth out strife!
Commentary WitnessProverbs 30:33Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Proverbs 30:33
Verse 33 And the wringing - Who hugeli snytith drawith out blood. - Old MS. Bible. This is well expressed in homely phrase. The Septuagint have, "draw the milk, and you may have butter; if you press the nostrils you may bring out blood; and if you draw out your discourse to a great length, you may have strife and contention." Avoid, therefore, all strong excitements and irritations. Coverdale's translation of this verse is very simple: "Whoso chyrneth mylck maketh butter; he that rubbeth his nose maketh it blede; and he that causeth wrath bryngeth forth strife."
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:33
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Septuagint
- Bible
- Avoid
Exposition: Proverbs 30:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
16
Generated editorial witnesses
17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Proverbs 30:1
- Proverbs 30:2
- Proverbs 30:3
- Proverbs 30:4
- Proverbs 30:5
- Proverbs 30:6
- Proverbs 30:7
- Jer 18:15
- Hos 12:11
- Jer 15:18
- Proverbs 30:8
- Proverbs 30:9
- Proverbs 30:10
- Proverbs 30:11
- Proverbs 30:12
- Proverbs 30:13
- Proverbs 30:14
- Proverbs 30:15
- Proverbs 30:16
- Proverbs 30:17
- Proverbs 30:18
- Mat 1:23
- Proverbs 30:19
- Proverbs 30:20
- Proverbs 30:21
- Proverbs 30:22
- Proverbs 30:23
- Proverbs 30:24
- Proverbs 30:25
- Proverbs 30:26
- Proverbs 30:27
- Proverbs 30:28
- Proverbs 30:29
- Proverbs 30:30
- Proverbs 30:31
- Proverbs 30:32
- Proverbs 30:33
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Jakeh
- Ithiel
- Ucal
- Solomon
- Amos
- Almighty
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- Moses
- Lord
- Israel
- Supreme Being
- Chaldee
- Syriac
- Trinity
- Bible
- Christ
- Apocrypha
- Ovid
- Ray
- Lies
- Fail
- Vanity
- Idol
- Vanities
- Idols
- Lest
- Maker
- Or
- Coverdale
- Bochart
- Give
- Calmet
- Covetousness
- Ambition
- Hirudo
- Francis
- Agur
- Hindoo Laws
- Gehenna
- Rev
- Mr
- Dr
- Kennicott
- Onsford
- Harleian
- De Rossi
- Var
- Lect
- And
- West Indies
- Alkum
- King Alkum
- Alukah
- True
- If
- Avoid
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Commentary Witness (Generated)
Proverbs 30:1
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Proverbs 30:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness