Apologetics Bible

Psalms 78:1

Hebrew

מַשְׂכִּיל לְאָסָף הַאֲזִינָה עַמִּי תּוֹרָתִי הַטּוּ אָזְנְכֶם לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃

mashekhiyl-le'asaf-ha'aziynah-'amiy-tvoratiy-hatv-'azenekhem-le'imerey-fiy

KJV: Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth.

AKJV: Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth.

ASV: Give ear, O my people, to my law:

YLT: An Instruction of Asaph. Give ear, O my people, to my law, Incline your ear to sayings of my mouth.

Exposition: Psalms 78:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:2

Hebrew

אֶפְתְּחָה בְמָשָׁל פִּי אַבִּיעָה חִידוֹת מִנִּי־קֶֽדֶם׃

'efetechah-vemashal-fiy-'aviy'ah-chiydvot-miniy-qedem

KJV: I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old:

AKJV: I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old:

ASV: I will open my mouth in a parable;

YLT: I open with a simile my mouth, I bring forth hidden things of old,

Exposition: Psalms 78:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:3

Hebrew

אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵם וַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָֽנוּ׃

'asher-shama'env-vaneda'em-va'avvoteynv-siferv-lanv

KJV: Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us.

AKJV: Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us.

ASV: Which we have heard and known,

YLT: That we have heard and do know, And our fathers have recounted to us.

Exposition: Psalms 78:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:4

Hebrew

לֹא נְכַחֵד ׀ מִבְּנֵיהֶם לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן מְֽסַפְּרִים תְּהִלּוֹת יְהוָה וֶעֱזוּזוֹ וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר עָשָֽׂה׃

lo'-nekhached- -miveneyhem-ledvor-'acharvon-mesaferiym-tehilvot-yehvah-ve'ezvzvo-venifele'votayv-'asher-'ashah

KJV: We will not hide them from their children, shewing to the generation to come the praises of the LORD, and his strength, and his wonderful works that he hath done.

AKJV: We will not hide them from their children, showing to the generation to come the praises of the LORD, and his strength, and his wonderful works that he has done.

ASV: We will not hide them from their children,

YLT: We do not hide from their sons, To a later generation recounting praises of Jehovah, And His strength, and His wonders that He hath done.

Exposition: Psalms 78:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'We will not hide them from their children, shewing to the generation to come the praises of the LORD, and his strength, and his wonderful works that he hath done.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:5

Hebrew

וַיָּקֶם עֵדוּת ׀ בְּֽיַעֲקֹב וְתוֹרָה שָׂם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵינוּ לְהוֹדִיעָם לִבְנֵיהֶֽם׃

vayaqem-'edvt- -veya'aqov-vetvorah-sham-veyishera'el-'asher-tzivah-'et-'avvoteynv-lehvodiy'am-liveneyhem

KJV: For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children:

AKJV: For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children:

ASV: For he established a testimony in Jacob,

YLT: And He raiseth up a testimony in Jacob, And a law hath placed in Israel, That He commanded our fathers, To make them known to their sons.

Exposition: Psalms 78:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:6

Hebrew

לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּ ׀ דּוֹר אַחֲרוֹן בָּנִים יִוָּלֵדוּ יָקֻמוּ וִֽיסַפְּרוּ לִבְנֵיהֶֽם׃

lema'an-yede'v- -dvor-'acharvon-vaniym-yivaledv-yaqumv-viysaferv-liveneyhem

KJV: That the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children:

AKJV: That the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children:

ASV: That the generation to come might knowthem, even the children that should be born;

YLT: So that a later generation doth know, Sons who are born, do rise and recount to their sons,

Exposition: Psalms 78:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:7

Hebrew

וְיָשִׂימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִים כִּסְלָם וְלֹא יִשְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵל וּמִצְוֺתָיו יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃

veyashiymv-ve'lohiym-khiselam-velo'-yishekhechv-ma'aleley-'el-vmitzevtayv-yinetzorv

KJV: That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments:

AKJV: That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments:

ASV: That they might set their hope in God,

YLT: And place in God their confidence, And forget not the doings of God, But keep His commands.

Exposition: Psalms 78:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:8

Hebrew

וְלֹא יִהְיוּ ׀ כַּאֲבוֹתָם דּוֹר סוֹרֵר וּמֹרֶה דּוֹר לֹא־הֵכִין לִבּוֹ וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָה אֶת־אֵל רוּחֽוֹ׃

velo'-yiheyv- -kha'avvotam-dvor-svorer-vmoreh-dvor-lo'-hekhiyn-livvo-velo'-ne'emenah-'et-'el-rvchvo

KJV: And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not stedfast with God.

AKJV: And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not steadfast with God.

ASV: And might not be as their fathers,

YLT: And they are not like their fathers, A generation apostate and rebellious, A generation! it hath not prepared its heart, Nor stedfast with God is its spirit.

Exposition: Psalms 78:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not stedfast with God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:9

Hebrew

בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַיִם נוֹשְׁקֵי רוֹמֵי־קָשֶׁת הָפְכוּ בְּיוֹם קְרָֽב׃

veney-'eferayim-nvosheqey-rvomey-qashet-hafekhv-veyvom-qerav

KJV: The children of Ephraim, being armed, and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle.

AKJV: The children of Ephraim, being armed, and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle.

ASV: The children of Ephraim, being armed and carrying bows,

YLT: Sons of Ephraim--armed bearers of bow, Have turned in a day of conflict.

Exposition: Psalms 78:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The children of Ephraim, being armed, and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:10

Hebrew

לֹא שָׁמְרוּ בְּרִית אֱלֹהִים וּבְתוֹרָתוֹ מֵאֲנוּ לָלֶֽכֶת׃

lo'-shamerv-veriyt-'elohiym-vvetvoratvo-me'anv-lalekhet

KJV: They kept not the covenant of God, and refused to walk in his law;

AKJV: They kept not the covenant of God, and refused to walk in his law;

ASV: They kept not the covenant of God,

YLT: They have not kept the covenant of God, And in His law they have refused to walk,

Exposition: Psalms 78:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They kept not the covenant of God, and refused to walk in his law;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:11

Hebrew

וַיִּשְׁכְּחוּ עֲלִילוֹתָיו וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר הֶרְאָֽם׃

vayishekhechv-'aliylvotayv-venifele'votayv-'asher-here'am

KJV: And forgat his works, and his wonders that he had shewed them.

AKJV: And forgot his works, and his wonders that he had showed them.

ASV: And they forgat his doings,

YLT: And they forget His doings, And His wonders that He shewed them.

Exposition: Psalms 78:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And forgat his works, and his wonders that he had shewed them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:12

Hebrew

נֶגֶד אֲבוֹתָם עָשָׂה פֶלֶא בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃

neged-'avvotam-'ashah-fele'-ve'eretz-mitzerayim-shedeh-tzo'an

KJV: Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.

AKJV: Marvelous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.

ASV: Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers,

YLT: Before their fathers He hath done wonders, In the land of Egypt--the field of Zoan.

Exposition: Psalms 78:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:13

Hebrew

בָּקַע יָם וַיַּֽעֲבִירֵם וַֽיַּצֶּב־מַיִם כְּמוֹ־נֵֽד׃

vaqa'-yam-vaya'aviyrem-vayatzev-mayim-khemvo-ned

KJV: He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap.

AKJV: He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap.

ASV: He clave the sea, and caused them to pass through;

YLT: He cleft a sea, and causeth them to pass over, Yea, He causeth waters to stand as a heap.

Exposition: Psalms 78:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:14

Hebrew

וַיַּנְחֵם בֶּעָנָן יוֹמָם וְכָל־הַלַּיְלָה בְּאוֹר אֵֽשׁ׃

vayanechem-ve'anan-yvomam-vekhal-halayelah-ve'vor-'esh

KJV: In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night with a light of fire.

AKJV: In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night with a light of fire.

ASV: In the day-time also he led them with a cloud,

YLT: And leadeth them with a cloud by day, And all the night with a light of fire.

Exposition: Psalms 78:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night with a light of fire.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:15

Hebrew

יְבַקַּע צֻרִים בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיַּשְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמוֹת רַבָּֽה׃

yevaqa'-tzuriym-vamidevar-vayasheqe-khitehomvot-ravah

KJV: He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.

AKJV: He split the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.

ASV: He clave rocks in the wilderness,

YLT: He cleaveth rocks in a wilderness, And giveth drink--as the great deep.

Exposition: Psalms 78:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:16

Hebrew

וַיּוֹצִא נוֹזְלִים מִסָּלַע וַיּוֹרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֹת מָֽיִם׃

vayvotzi'-nvozeliym-misala'-vayvored-khaneharvot-mayim

KJV: He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.

AKJV: He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.

ASV: He brought streams also out of the rock,

YLT: And bringeth out streams from a rock, And causeth waters to come down as rivers.

Exposition: Psalms 78:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:17

Hebrew

וַיּוֹסִיפוּ עוֹד לַחֲטֹא־לוֹ לַֽמְרוֹת עֶלְיוֹן בַּצִּיָּֽה׃

vayvosiyfv-'vod-lachato'-lvo-lamervot-'eleyvon-vatziyah

KJV: And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness.

AKJV: And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness.

ASV: Yet went they on still to sin against him,

YLT: And they add still to sin against Him, To provoke the Most High in the dry place.

Exposition: Psalms 78:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:18

Hebrew

וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵל בִּלְבָבָם לִֽשְׁאָל־אֹכֶל לְנַפְשָֽׁם׃

vayenasv-'el-vilevavam-lishe'al-'okhel-lenafesham

KJV: And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust.

AKJV: And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust.

ASV: And they tempted God in their heart

YLT: And they try God in their heart, To ask food for their lust.

Exposition: Psalms 78:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:19

Hebrew

וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ בֵּֽאלֹהִים אָמְרוּ הֲיוּכַל אֵל לַעֲרֹךְ שֻׁלְחָן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃

vayedaverv-ve'lohiym-'amerv-hayvkhal-'el-la'arokhe-shulechan-vamidevar

KJV: Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?

AKJV: Yes, they spoke against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?

ASV: Yea, they spake against God;

YLT: And they speak against God--they said: `Is God able to array a table in a wilderness?'

Exposition: Psalms 78:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:20

Hebrew

הֵן הִכָּה־צוּר ׀ וַיָּזוּבוּ מַיִם וּנְחָלִים יִשְׁטֹפוּ הֲגַם־לֶחֶם יוּכַל תֵּת אִם־יָכִין שְׁאֵר לְעַמּֽוֹ׃

hen-hikhah-tzvr- -vayazvvv-mayim-vnechaliym-yishetofv-hagam-lechem-yvkhal-tet-'im-yakhiyn-she'er-le'amvo

KJV: Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people?

AKJV: Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people?

ASV: Behold, he smote the rock, so that waters gushed out,

YLT: Lo, He hath smitten a rock, And waters flow, yea, streams overflow. `Also--bread is He able to give? Doth He prepare flesh for His people?'

Exposition: Psalms 78:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:21

Hebrew

לָכֵן ׀ שָׁמַע יְהוָה וַֽיִּתְעַבָּר וְאֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָה בְיַעֲקֹב וְגַם־אַף עָלָה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

lakhen- -shama'-yehvah-vayite'avar-ve'esh-nisheqah-veya'aqov-vegam-'af-'alah-veyishera'el

KJV: Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;

AKJV: Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;

ASV: Therefore Jehovah heard, and was wroth;

YLT: Therefore hath Jehovah heard, And He sheweth Himself wroth, And fire hath been kindled against Jacob, And anger also hath gone up against Israel,

Exposition: Psalms 78:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:22

Hebrew

כִּי לֹא הֶאֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִים וְלֹא בָטְחוּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃

khiy-lo'-he'emiynv-ve'lohiym-velo'-vatechv-viyshv'atvo

KJV: Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation:

AKJV: Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation:

ASV: Because they believed not in God,

YLT: For they have not believed in God, Nor have they trusted in His salvation.

Exposition: Psalms 78:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:23

Hebrew

וַיְצַו שְׁחָקִים מִמָּעַל וְדַלְתֵי שָׁמַיִם פָּתָֽח׃

vayetzav-shechaqiym-mima'al-vedaletey-shamayim-fatach

KJV: Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,

AKJV: Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,

ASV: Yet he commanded the skies above,

YLT: And He commandeth clouds from above, Yea, doors of the heavens He hath opened.

Exposition: Psalms 78:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:24

Hebrew

וַיַּמְטֵר עֲלֵיהֶם מָן לֶאֱכֹל וּדְגַן־שָׁמַיִם נָתַן לָֽמוֹ׃

vayameter-'aleyhem-man-le'ekhol-vdegan-shamayim-natan-lamvo

KJV: And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.

AKJV: And had rained down manna on them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.

ASV: And he rained down manna upon them to eat,

YLT: And He raineth on them manna to eat, Yea, corn of heaven He hath given to them.

Exposition: Psalms 78:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:25

Hebrew

לֶחֶם אַבִּירִים אָכַל אִישׁ צֵידָה שָׁלַח לָהֶם לָשֹֽׂבַע׃

lechem-'aviyriym-'akhal-'iysh-tzeydah-shalach-lahem-lashova'

KJV: Man did eat angels’ food: he sent them meat to the full.

AKJV: Man did eat angels’ food: he sent them meat to the full.

ASV: Man did eat the bread of the mighty:

YLT: Food of the mighty hath each eaten, Venison He sent to them to satiety.

Exposition: Psalms 78:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Man did eat angels’ food: he sent them meat to the full.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:26

Hebrew

יַסַּע קָדִים בַּשָּׁמָיִם וַיְנַהֵג בְּעֻזּוֹ תֵימָֽן׃

yasa'-qadiym-vashamayim-vayenaheg-ve'uzvo-teyman

KJV: He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind.

AKJV: He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind.

ASV: He caused the east wind to blow in the heavens;

YLT: He causeth an east wind to journey in the heavens, And leadeth by His strength a south wind,

Exposition: Psalms 78:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:27

Hebrew

וַיַּמְטֵר עֲלֵיהֶם כֶּעָפָר שְׁאֵר וּֽכְחוֹל יַמִּים עוֹף כָּנָֽף׃

vayameter-'aleyhem-khe'afar-she'er-vkhechvol-yamiym-'vof-khanaf

KJV: He rained flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea:

AKJV: He rained flesh also on them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea:

ASV: He rained flesh also upon them as the dust,

YLT: And He raineth on them flesh as dust, And as sand of the seas--winged fowl,

Exposition: Psalms 78:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He rained flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:28

Hebrew

וַיַּפֵּל בְּקֶרֶב מַחֲנֵהוּ סָבִיב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָֽיו׃

vayafel-veqerev-machanehv-saviyv-lemishekhenotayv

KJV: And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their habitations.

AKJV: And he let it fall in the middle of their camp, round about their habitations.

ASV: And he let it fall in the midst of their camp,

YLT: And causeth it to fall in the midst of His camp, Round about His tabernacles.

Exposition: Psalms 78:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their habitations.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:29

Hebrew

וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׂבְּעוּ מְאֹד וְתַֽאֲוָתָם יָבִא לָהֶֽם׃

vayo'khelv-vayisheve'v-me'od-veta'avatam-yavi'-lahem

KJV: So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire;

AKJV: So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire;

ASV: So they did eat, and were well filled;

YLT: And they eat, and are greatly satisfied, And their desire He bringeth to them.

Exposition: Psalms 78:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:30

Hebrew

לֹא־זָרוּ מִתַּאֲוָתָם עוֹד אָכְלָם בְּפִיהֶֽם׃

lo'-zarv-mita'avatam-'vod-'akhelam-vefiyhem

KJV: They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths,

AKJV: They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths,

ASV: They were not estranged from that which they desired,

YLT: They have not been estranged from their desire, Yet is their food in their mouth,

Exposition: Psalms 78:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:31

Hebrew

וְאַף אֱלֹהִים ׀ עָלָה בָהֶם וַֽיַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶם וּבַחוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הִכְרִֽיעַ׃

ve'af-'elohiym- -'alah-vahem-vayaharog-vemishemaneyhem-vvachvrey-yishera'el-hikheriy'a

KJV: The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel.

AKJV: The wrath of God came on them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel.

ASV: When the anger of God went up against them,

YLT: And the anger of God hath gone up against them, And He slayeth among their fat ones, And youths of Israel He caused to bend.

Exposition: Psalms 78:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:32

Hebrew

בְּכָל־זֹאת חָֽטְאוּ־עוֹד וְלֹֽא־הֶאֱמִינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו׃

vekhal-zo't-chate'v-'vod-velo'-he'emiynv-venifele'votayv

KJV: For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works.

AKJV: For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works.

ASV: For all this they sinned still,

YLT: With all this they have sinned again, And have not believed in His wonders.

Exposition: Psalms 78:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:33

Hebrew

וַיְכַל־בַּהֶבֶל יְמֵיהֶם וּשְׁנוֹתָם בַּבֶּהָלָֽה׃

vayekhal-vahevel-yemeyhem-vshenvotam-vavehalah

KJV: Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years in trouble.

AKJV: Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years in trouble.

ASV: Therefore their days did he consume in vanity,

YLT: And He consumeth in vanity their days, And their years in trouble.

Exposition: Psalms 78:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years in trouble.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:34

Hebrew

אִם־הֲרָגָם וּדְרָשׁוּהוּ וְשָׁבוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל׃

'im-haragam-vderashvhv-veshavv-veshicharv-'el

KJV: When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and enquired early after God.

AKJV: When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and inquired early after God.

ASV: When he slew them, then they inquired after him;

YLT: If He slew them, then they sought Him, And turned back, and sought God earnestly,

Exposition: Psalms 78:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and enquired early after God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:35

Hebrew

וַֽיִּזְכְּרוּ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִים צוּרָם וְאֵל עֶלְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָֽם׃

vayizekherv-khiy-'elohiym-tzvram-ve'el-'eleyvon-go'alam

KJV: And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.

AKJV: And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.

ASV: And they remembered that God was their rock,

YLT: And they remember that God is their rock, And God Most High their redeemer.

Exposition: Psalms 78:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:36

Hebrew

וַיְפַתּוּהוּ בְּפִיהֶם וּבִלְשׁוֹנָם יְכַזְּבוּ־לֽוֹ׃

vayefatvhv-vefiyhem-vvileshvonam-yekhazevv-lvo

KJV: Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues.

AKJV: Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied to him with their tongues.

ASV: But they flattered him with their mouth,

YLT: And--they deceive Him with their mouth, And with their tongue do lie to Him,

Exposition: Psalms 78:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:37

Hebrew

וְלִבָּם לֹא־נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ וְלֹא נֶאֶמְנוּ בִּבְרִיתֽוֹ׃

velivam-lo'-nakhvon-'imvo-velo'-ne'emenv-viveriytvo

KJV: For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant.

AKJV: For their heart was not right with him, neither were they steadfast in his covenant.

ASV: For their heart was not right with him,

YLT: And their heart hath not been right with Him, And they have not been stedfast in His covenant.

Exposition: Psalms 78:37 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:38

Hebrew

וְהוּא רַחוּם ׀ יְכַפֵּר עָוֺן וְֽלֹא־יַשְׁחִית וְהִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁיב אַפּוֹ וְלֹֽא־יָעִיר כָּל־חֲמָתֽוֹ׃

vehv'-rachvm- -yekhafer-'avn-velo'-yashechiyt-vehirevah-lehashiyv-'afvo-velo'-ya'iyr-khal-chamatvo

KJV: But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away, and did not stir up all his wrath.

AKJV: But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yes, many a time turned he his anger away, and did not stir up all his wrath.

ASV: But he, being merciful, forgave theiriniquity, and destroyedthemnot:

YLT: And He--the Merciful One, Pardoneth iniquity, and destroyeth not, And hath often turned back His anger, And waketh not up all His fury.

Exposition: Psalms 78:38 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away, and did not stir up all his wrath.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:39

Hebrew

וַיִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂר הֵמָּה רוּחַ הוֹלֵךְ וְלֹא יָשֽׁוּב׃

vayizekhor-khiy-vashar-hemah-rvcha-hvolekhe-velo'-yashvv

KJV: For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again.

AKJV: For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passes away, and comes not again.

ASV: And he remembered that they were but flesh,

YLT: And He remembereth that they are flesh, A wind going on--and it returneth not.

Exposition: Psalms 78:39 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:40

Hebrew

כַּמָּה יַמְרוּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּר יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃

khamah-yamervhv-vamidevar-ya'atziyvvhv-viyshiymvon

KJV: How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert!

AKJV: How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert!

ASV: How oft did they rebel against him in the wilderness,

YLT: How often do they provoke Him in the wilderness, Grieve Him in the desolate place?

Exposition: Psalms 78:40 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert!'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:41

Hebrew

וַיָּשׁוּבוּ וַיְנַסּוּ אֵל וּקְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל הִתְווּ׃

vayashvvv-vayenasv-'el-vqedvosh-yishera'el-hitevv

KJV: Yea, they turned back and tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Israel.

AKJV: Yes, they turned back and tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Israel.

ASV: And they turned again and tempted God,

YLT: Yea, they turn back, and try God, And the Holy One of Israel have limited.

Exposition: Psalms 78:41 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yea, they turned back and tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Israel.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:42

Hebrew

לֹא־זָכְרוּ אֶת־יָדוֹ יוֹם אֲ‍ֽשֶׁר־פָּדָם מִנִּי־צָֽר׃

lo'-zakherv-'et-yadvo-yvom-'asher-fadam-miniy-tzar

KJV: They remembered not his hand, nor the day when he delivered them from the enemy.

AKJV: They remembered not his hand, nor the day when he delivered them from the enemy.

ASV: They remembered not his hand,

YLT: They have not remembered His hand The day He ransomed them from the adversary.

Exposition: Psalms 78:42 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'They remembered not his hand, nor the day when he delivered them from the enemy.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:43

Hebrew

אֲשֶׁר־שָׂם בְּמִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָיו וּמוֹפְתָיו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃

'asher-sham-vemitzerayim-'otvotayv-vmvofetayv-vishedeh-tzo'an

KJV: How he had wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the field of Zoan:

AKJV: How he had worked his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the field of Zoan.

ASV: How he set his signs in Egypt,

YLT: When He set His signs in Egypt, And His wonders in the field of Zoan,

Exposition: Psalms 78:43 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'How he had wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the field of Zoan:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:44

Hebrew

וַיַּהֲפֹךְ לְדָם יְאֹרֵיהֶם וְנֹזְלֵיהֶם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃

vayahafokhe-ledam-ye'oreyhem-venozeleyhem-val-yishetayvn

KJV: And had turned their rivers into blood; and their floods, that they could not drink.

AKJV: And had turned their rivers into blood; and their floods, that they could not drink.

ASV: And turned their rivers into blood,

YLT: And He turneth to blood their streams, And their floods they drink not.

Exposition: Psalms 78:44 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And had turned their rivers into blood; and their floods, that they could not drink.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:45

Hebrew

יְשַׁלַּח בָּהֶם עָרֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵם וּצְפַרְדֵּעַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃

yeshalach-vahem-'arov-vayo'khelem-vtzefarede'a-vatashechiytem

KJV: He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.

AKJV: He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.

ASV: He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them;

YLT: He sendeth among them the beetle, and it consumeth them, And the frog, and it destroyeth them,

Exposition: Psalms 78:45 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:46

Hebrew

וַיִּתֵּן לֶחָסִיל יְבוּלָם וִֽיגִיעָם לָאַרְבֶּֽה׃

vayiten-lechasiyl-yevvlam-viygiy'am-la'areveh

KJV: He gave also their increase unto the caterpiller, and their labour unto the locust.

AKJV: He gave also their increase to the caterpillar, and their labor to the locust.

ASV: He gave also their increase unto the caterpillar,

YLT: And giveth to the caterpillar their increase, And their labour to the locust.

Exposition: Psalms 78:46 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He gave also their increase unto the caterpiller, and their labour unto the locust.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:47

Hebrew

יַהֲרֹג בַּבָּרָד גַּפְנָם וְשִׁקְמוֹתָם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃

yaharog-vavarad-gafenam-veshiqemvotam-vachanamal

KJV: He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost.

AKJV: He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost.

ASV: He destroyed their vines with hail,

YLT: He destroyeth with hail their vine, And their sycamores with frost,

Exposition: Psalms 78:47 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:48

Hebrew

וַיַּסְגֵּר לַבָּרָד בְּעִירָם וּמִקְנֵיהֶם לָרְשָׁפִֽים׃

vayaseger-lavarad-ve'iyram-vmiqeneyhem-lareshafiym

KJV: He gave up their cattle also to the hail, and their flocks to hot thunderbolts.

AKJV: He gave up their cattle also to the hail, and their flocks to hot thunderbolts.

ASV: He gave over their cattle also to the hail,

YLT: And delivereth up to the hail their beasts, And their cattle to the burning flames.

Exposition: Psalms 78:48 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He gave up their cattle also to the hail, and their flocks to hot thunderbolts.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:49

Hebrew

יְשַׁלַּח־בָּם ׀ חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ עֶבְרָה וָזַעַם וְצָרָה מִשְׁלַחַת מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִֽים׃

yeshalach-vam- -charvon-'afvo-'everah-vaza'am-vetzarah-mishelachat-male'akhey-ra'iym

KJV: He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.

AKJV: He cast on them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.

ASV: He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger,

YLT: He sendeth on them the fury of His anger, Wrath, and indignation, and distress--A discharge of evil messengers.

Exposition: Psalms 78:49 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:50

Hebrew

יְפַלֵּס נָתִיב לְאַפּוֹ לֹא־חָשַׂךְ מִמָּוֶת נַפְשָׁם וְחַיָּתָם לַדֶּבֶר הִסְגִּֽיר׃

yefales-natiyv-le'afvo-lo'-chashakhe-mimavet-nafesham-vechayatam-ladever-hisegiyr

KJV: He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence;

AKJV: He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence;

ASV: He made a path for his anger;

YLT: He pondereth a path for His anger, He kept not back their soul from death, Yea, their life to the pestilence He delivered up.

Exposition: Psalms 78:50 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:51

Hebrew

וַיַּךְ כָּל־בְּכוֹר בְּמִצְרָיִם רֵאשִׁית אוֹנִים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם׃

vayakhe-khal-vekhvor-vemitzerayim-re'shiyt-'voniym-ve'aholey-cham

KJV: And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:

AKJV: And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:

ASV: And smote all the first-born in Egypt,

YLT: And He smiteth every first-born in Egypt, The first-fruit of the strong in tents of Ham.

Exposition: Psalms 78:51 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:52

Hebrew

וַיַּסַּע כַּצֹּאן עַמּוֹ וַֽיְנַהֲגֵם כַּעֵדֶר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃

vayasa'-khatzo'n-'amvo-vayenahagem-kha'eder-vamidevar

KJV: But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.

AKJV: But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.

ASV: But he led forth his own people like sheep,

YLT: And causeth His people to journey as a flock, And guideth them as a drove in a wilderness,

Exposition: Psalms 78:52 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:53

Hebrew

וַיַּנְחֵם לָבֶטַח וְלֹא פָחָדוּ וְאֶת־אוֹיְבֵיהֶם כִּסָּה הַיָּֽם׃

vayanechem-lavetach-velo'-fachadv-ve'et-'voyeveyhem-khisah-hayam

KJV: And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.

AKJV: And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.

ASV: And he led them safely, so that they feared not;

YLT: And He leadeth them confidently, And they have not been afraid, And their enemies hath the sea covered.

Exposition: Psalms 78:53 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:54

Hebrew

וַיְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּבוּל קָדְשׁוֹ הַר־זֶה קָנְתָה יְמִינֽוֹ׃

vayeviy'em-'el-gevvl-qadeshvo-har-zeh-qanetah-yemiynvo

KJV: And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, even to this mountain, which his right hand had purchased.

AKJV: And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, even to this mountain, which his right hand had purchased.

ASV: And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary,

YLT: And He bringeth them in unto the border of His sanctuary, This mountain His right hand had got,

Exposition: Psalms 78:54 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, even to this mountain, which his right hand had purchased.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:55

Hebrew

וַיְגָרֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶם ׀ גּוֹיִם וַֽיַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶבֶל נַחֲלָה וַיַּשְׁכֵּן בְּאָהֳלֵיהֶם שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

vayegaresh-mifeneyhem- -gvoyim-vayafiylem-vechevel-nachalah-vayashekhen-ve'aholeyhem-shivetey-yishera'el

KJV: He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.

AKJV: He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.

ASV: He drove out the nations also before them,

YLT: And casteth out nations from before them, And causeth them to fall in the line of inheritance, And causeth the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents,

Exposition: Psalms 78:55 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:56

Hebrew

וַיְנַסּוּ וַיַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִים עֶלְיוֹן וְעֵדוֹתָיו לֹא שָׁמָֽרוּ׃

vayenasv-vayamerv-'et-'elohiym-'eleyvon-ve'edvotayv-lo'-shamarv

KJV: Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies:

AKJV: Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies:

ASV: Yet they tempted and rebelled against the Most High God,

YLT: And they tempt and provoke God Most High, And His testimonies have not kept.

Exposition: Psalms 78:56 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:57

Hebrew

וַיִּסֹּגוּ וַֽיִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָם נֶהְפְּכוּ כְּקֶשֶׁת רְמִיָּֽה׃

vayisogv-vayivegedv-kha'avvotam-nehefekhv-kheqeshet-remiyah

KJV: But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.

AKJV: But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.

ASV: But turned back, and dealt treacherously like their fathers:

YLT: And they turn back, And deal treacherously like their fathers, They have been turned like a deceitful bow,

Exposition: Psalms 78:57 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:58

Hebrew

וַיַּכְעִיסוּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָם וּבִפְסִילֵיהֶם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃

vayakhe'iysvhv-vevamvotam-vvifesiyleyhem-yaqeniy'vhv

KJV: For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images.

AKJV: For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images.

ASV: For they provoked him to anger with their high places,

YLT: And make Him angry with their high places, And with their graven images make Him zealous,

Exposition: Psalms 78:58 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:59

Hebrew

שָׁמַע אֱלֹהִים וַֽיִּתְעַבָּר וַיִּמְאַס מְאֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

shama'-'elohiym-vayite'avar-vayime'as-me'od-veyishera'el

KJV: When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel:

AKJV: When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel:

ASV: When God heardthis, he was wroth,

YLT: God hath heard, and sheweth Himself wroth. And kicketh exceedingly against Israel.

Exposition: Psalms 78:59 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:60

Hebrew

וַיִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּן שִׁלוֹ אֹהֶל שִׁכֵּן בָּאָדָֽם׃

vayitosh-mishekhan-shilvo-'ohel-shikhen-va'adam

KJV: So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men;

AKJV: So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men;

ASV: So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh,

YLT: And He leaveth the tabernacle of Shiloh, The tent He had placed among men,

Exposition: Psalms 78:60 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:61

Hebrew

וַיִּתֵּן לַשְּׁבִי עֻזּוֹ וְֽתִפְאַרְתּוֹ בְיַד־צָֽר׃

vayiten-lasheviy-'uzvo-vetife'aretvo-veyad-tzar

KJV: And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into the enemy’s hand.

AKJV: And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into the enemy’s hand.

ASV: And delivered his strength into captivity,

YLT: And He giveth His strength to captivity, And His beauty into the hand of an adversary,

Exposition: Psalms 78:61 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into the enemy’s hand.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:62

Hebrew

וַיַּסְגֵּר לַחֶרֶב עַמּוֹ וּבְנַחֲלָתוֹ הִתְעַבָּֽר׃

vayaseger-lacherev-'amvo-vvenachalatvo-hite'avar

KJV: He gave his people over also unto the sword; and was wroth with his inheritance.

AKJV: He gave his people over also to the sword; and was wroth with his inheritance.

ASV: He gave his people over also unto the sword,

YLT: And delivereth up to the sword His people, And with His inheritance shewed Himself angry.

Exposition: Psalms 78:62 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He gave his people over also unto the sword; and was wroth with his inheritance.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:63

Hebrew

בַּחוּרָיו אָֽכְלָה־אֵשׁ וּבְתוּלֹתָיו לֹא הוּלָּֽלוּ׃

vachvrayv-'akhelah-'esh-vvetvlotayv-lo'-hvlalv

KJV: The fire consumed their young men; and their maidens were not given to marriage.

AKJV: The fire consumed their young men; and their maidens were not given to marriage.

ASV: Fire devoured their young men;

YLT: His young men hath fire consumed, And His virgins have not been praised.

Exposition: Psalms 78:63 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The fire consumed their young men; and their maidens were not given to marriage.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:64

Hebrew

כֹּהֲנָיו בַּחֶרֶב נָפָלוּ וְאַלְמְנֹתָיו לֹא תִבְכֶּֽינָה׃

khohanayv-vacherev-nafalv-ve'alemenotayv-lo'-tivekheynah

KJV: Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation.

AKJV: Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation.

ASV: Their priests fell by the sword;

YLT: His priests by the sword have fallen, And their widows weep not.

Exposition: Psalms 78:64 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:65

Hebrew

וַיִּקַץ כְּיָשֵׁן ׀ אֲדֹנָי כְּגִבּוֹר מִתְרוֹנֵן מִיָּֽיִן׃

vayiqatz-kheyashen- -'adonay-khegivvor-mitervonen-miyayin

KJV: Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine.

AKJV: Then the LORD awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouts by reason of wine.

ASV: Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep,

YLT: And the Lord waketh as a sleeper, As a mighty one crying aloud from wine.

Exposition: Psalms 78:65 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:66

Hebrew

וַיַּךְ־צָרָיו אָחוֹר חֶרְפַּת עוֹלָם נָתַן לָֽמוֹ׃

vayakhe-tzarayv-'achvor-cherefat-'volam-natan-lamvo

KJV: And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach.

AKJV: And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach.

ASV: And he smote his adversaries backward:

YLT: And He smiteth His adversaries backward, A reproach age-during He hath put on them,

Exposition: Psalms 78:66 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:67

Hebrew

וַיִּמְאַס בְּאֹהֶל יוֹסֵף וּֽבְשֵׁבֶט אֶפְרַיִם לֹא בָחָֽר׃

vayime'as-ve'ohel-yvosef-vveshevet-'eferayim-lo'-vachar

KJV: Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim:

AKJV: Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim:

ASV: Moreover he refused the tent of Joseph,

YLT: And He kicketh against the tent of Joseph, And on the tribe of Ephraim hath not fixed.

Exposition: Psalms 78:67 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:68

Hebrew

וַיִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה אֶֽת־הַר צִיּוֹן אֲשֶׁר אָהֵֽב׃

vayivechar-'et-shevet-yehvdah-'et-har-tziyvon-'asher-'ahev

KJV: But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved.

AKJV: But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved.

ASV: But chose the tribe of Judah,

YLT: And He chooseth the tribe of Judah, With mount Zion that He loved,

Exposition: Psalms 78:68 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:69

Hebrew

וַיִּבֶן כְּמוֹ־רָמִים מִקְדָּשׁוֹ כְּאֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃

vayiven-khemvo-ramiym-miqedashvo-khe'eretz-yesadah-le'volam

KJV: And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he hath established for ever.

AKJV: And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he has established for ever.

ASV: And he built his sanctuary like the heights,

YLT: And buildeth His sanctuary as a high place, Like the earth, He founded it to the age.

Exposition: Psalms 78:69 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he hath established for ever.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:70

Hebrew

וַיִּבְחַר בְּדָוִד עַבְדּוֹ וַיִּקָּחֵהוּ מִֽמִּכְלְאֹת צֹֽאן׃

vayivechar-vedavid-'avedvo-vayiqachehv-mimikhele'ot-tzo'n

KJV: He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds:

AKJV: He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds:

ASV: He chose David also his servant,

YLT: And He fixeth on David His servant, And taketh him from the folds of a flock,

Exposition: Psalms 78:70 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:71

Hebrew

מֵאַחַר עָלוֹת הֱבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃

me'achar-'alvot-heviy'vo-lire'vot-veya'aqov-'amvo-vveyishera'el-nachalatvo

KJV: From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance.

AKJV: From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance.

ASV: From following the ewes that have their young he brought him,

YLT: From behind suckling ones He hath brought him in, To rule over Jacob His people, And over Israel His inheritance.

Exposition: Psalms 78:71 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Psalms 78:72

Hebrew

וַיִּרְעֵם כְּתֹם לְבָבוֹ וּבִתְבוּנוֹת כַּפָּיו יַנְחֵֽם׃

vayire'em-khetom-levavvo-vvitevvnvot-khafayv-yanechem

KJV: So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skilfulness of his hands.

AKJV: So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skillfulness of his hands.

ASV: So he was their shepherd according to the integrity of his heart,

YLT: And he ruleth them according to the integrity of his heart, And by the skilfulness of his hands leadeth them!

Exposition: Psalms 78:72 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skilfulness of his hands.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.