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Apologetics Bible

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Published chapter Reader summary first Revelation live Chapter 20 of 22 15 verse waypoints 15 commentary witnesses

Holy Scripture opened

Revelation 20 — Revelation 20

Connected primary witness
  • Connected ID: Revelation_20
  • Primary Witness Text: And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season. And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years. But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years. And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison, And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea. And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire cam...

Connected dataset overlay
  • Connected ID: Revelation_20
  • Chapter Blob Preview: And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be...

Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.

Chapter frame

Revelation (c. AD 95, from the isle of Patmos) is the NT's supreme apocalyptic vision — a prophetic drama of Christ's cosmic lordship, the church's perseverance through tribulation, the fall of Babylon (imperial Rome as type), and the eschatological consummation of all things.

Its genre (apokalypsis — unveiling) is symbolic-visionary, requiring OT literacy: 278 of 404 verses contain OT allusions. The book is not a newspaper chronology of end times but a Christological reassurance to persecuted communities: the Lamb who was slain governs history, and His victory is already secured on the cross (5:9-10). The final vision — new Jerusalem descending (21-22) — is the Garden restored, the covenant consummated, and creation healed.


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Verse-by-verse study lane

Revelation 20:1

Greek
Καὶ εἶδον ἄγγελον καταβαίνοντα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἔχοντα τὴν κλεῖν τῆς ἀβύσσου καὶ ἅλυσιν μεγάλην ἐπὶ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ.

Kai eidon aggelon katabainonta ek toy oyranoy, echonta ten klein tes abyssoy kai alysin megalen epi ten cheira aytoy.

KJV: And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.

AKJV: And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.

ASV: And I saw an angel coming down out of heaven, having the key of the abyss and a great chain in his hand.

YLT: And I saw a messenger coming down out of the heaven, having the key of the abyss, and a great chain over his hand,

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:1
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:1

Quoted commentary witness

An angel binds Satan a thousand years, and shuts him up in the bottomless pit, Rev 20:1-3. They who were beheaded for the testimony of Jesus, who have part in the first resurrection, and shall reign with Christ a thousand years, Rev 20:4-6. When the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison, shall go forth and deceive the nations, and shall gather Gog and Magog from the four corners of the earth, Rev 20:7, Rev 20:8. These shall besiege the holy city; but fire shall come down from heaven and consume them, and they and the devil be cast into a lake of fire, Rev 20:9, Rev 20:10. The great white throne, and the dead, small and great, standing before God, and all judged according to their works, Rev 20:11, Rev 20:12. The sea, death, and hades, give up their dead, and are destroyed; and all not found in the book of life are cast into the lake of fire, Rev 20:13-15. Verse 1 An angel came down from heaven - One of the executors of the Divine justice, who receives criminals, and keeps them in prison, and delivers them up only to be tried and executed. The key of the prison and the chain show who he is; and as the chain was great, it shows that the culprit was impeached of no ordinary crimes.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Rev 20:1-3
  • Rev 20:4-6
  • Rev 20:7
  • Rev 20:8
  • Rev 20:9
  • Rev 20:10
  • Rev 20:11
  • Rev 20:12
  • Rev 20:13-15

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus

Exposition: Revelation 20:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:2

Greek
καὶ ἐκράτησεν τὸν δράκοντα, ⸂ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος⸃, ὅς ἐστιν Διάβολος καὶ ὁ ⸀Σατανᾶς, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν χίλια ἔτη,

kai ekratesen ton drakonta, o ophis o archaios, os estin Diabolos kai o Satanas, kai edesen ayton chilia ete,

KJV: And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,

AKJV: And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,

ASV: And he laid hold on the dragon, the old serpent, which is the Devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years,

YLT: and he laid hold on the dragon, the old serpent, who is Devil and Adversary, and did bind him a thousand years,

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:2
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:2

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 2 The dragon - See the notes on Rev 12:9. That old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan - He who is called the old serpent is the Devil - the calumniator, and Satan - the opposer. He who supposes that the term old serpent here plainly proves that the creature that tempted our first parents was actually a snake, must enjoy his opinion; and those who can receive such a saying, why let them receive it. Selah. A thousand years - In what this binding of Satan consists, who can tell? How many visions have been seen on this subject both in ancient and modern times! This, and what is said Rev 20:3-5, no doubt refers to a time in which the influence of Satan will be greatly restrained, and the true Church of God enjoy great prosperity, which shall endure for a long time. But it is not likely that the number, a thousand years, is to be taken literally here, and year symbolically and figuratively in all the book beside. The doctrine of the millennium, or of the saints reigning on earth a thousand years, with Christ for their head, has been illustrated and defended by many Christian writers, both among the ancients and moderns. Were I to give a collection of the conceits of the primitive fathers on this subject, my readers would have little reason to applaud my pains. It has long been the idle expectation of many persons that the millennium, in their sense, was at hand; and its commencement has been expected in every century since the Christian era. It has been fixed for several different years, during the short period of my own life! I believed those predictions to be vain, and I have lived to see them such. Yet there is no doubt that the earth is in a state of progressive moral improvement; and that the light of true religion is shining more copiously everywhere, and will shine more and more to the perfect day. But when the religion of Christ will be at its meridian of light and heat, we know not. In each believer this may speedily take place; but probably no such time shall ever appear, in which evil shall be wholly banished from the earth, till after the day of judgment, when the earth having been burnt up, a new heaven and a new earth shall be produced out of the ruins of the old, by the mighty power of God: righteousness alone shall dwell in them. The phraseology of the apostle here seems partly taken from the ancient prophets, and partly rabbinical; and it is from the Jewish use of those terms that we are to look for their interpretation.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:2

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Rev 12:9
  • Rev 20:3-5

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Devil
  • Selah
  • This

Exposition: Revelation 20:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:3

Greek
καὶ ἔβαλεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον, καὶ ἔκλεισεν καὶ ἐσφράγισεν ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ, ἵνα μὴ ⸀πλανήσῃ ἔτι τὰ ἔθνη, ἄχρι τελεσθῇ τὰ χίλια ἔτη· ⸀μετὰ ταῦτα δεῖ ⸂λυθῆναι αὐτὸν⸃ μικρὸν χρόνον.

kai ebalen ayton eis ten abysson, kai ekleisen kai esphragisen epano aytoy, ina me planese eti ta ethne, achri telesthe ta chilia ete· meta tayta dei lythenai ayton mikron chronon.

KJV: And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.

AKJV: And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal on him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.

ASV: and cast him into the abyss, and shutit, and sealeditover him, that he should deceive the nations no more, until the thousand years should be finished: after this he must be loosed for a little time.

YLT: and he cast him to the abyss, and did shut him up, and put a seal upon him, that he may not lead astray the nations any more, till the thousand years may be finished; and after these it behoveth him to be loosed a little time.

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:3
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:3

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 3 He should deceive the nations no more - Be unable to blind men with superstition and idolatry as he had formerly done.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:3

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Revelation 20:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:4

Greek
Καὶ εἶδον θρόνους, καὶ ἐκάθισαν ἐπʼ αὐτούς, καὶ κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς, καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν πεπελεκισμένων διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ οἵτινες οὐ προσεκύνησαν τὸ θηρίον οὐδὲ τὴν εἰκόνα αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἔλαβον τὸ χάραγμα ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτῶν· καὶ ἔζησαν καὶ ἐβασίλευσαν μετὰ τοῦ χριστοῦ ⸀χίλια ἔτη.

Kai eidon thronoys, kai ekathisan ep aytoys, kai krima edothe aytois, kai tas psychas ton pepelekismenon dia ten martyrian Iesoy kai dia ton logon toy theoy, kai oitines oy prosekynesan to therion oyde ten eikona aytoy kai oyk elabon to charagma epi to metopon kai epi ten cheira ayton· kai ezesan kai ebasileysan meta toy christoy chilia ete.

KJV: And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.

AKJV: And I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark on their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.

ASV: And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus, and for the word of God, and such as worshipped not the beast, neither his image, and received not the mark upon their forehead and upon their hand; and they lived, and reigned with Christ a thousand years.

YLT: And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given to them, and the souls of those who have been beheaded because of the testimony of Jesus, and because of the word of God, and who did not bow before the beast, nor his image, and did not receive the mark upon their forehead and upon their hand, and they did live and reign with Christ the thousand years;

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:4
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:4

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 4 I saw thrones - Christianity established in the earth, the kings and governors being all Christians. Reigned with Christ a thousand years - I am satisfied that this period should not be taken literally. It may signify that there shall be a long and undisturbed state of Christianity; and so universally shall the Gospel spirit prevail, that it will appear as if Christ reigned upon earth; which will in effect be the case, because his Spirit shall rule in the hearts of men; and in this time the martyrs are represented as living again; their testimony being revived, and the truth for which they died, and which was confirmed by their blood, being now everywhere prevalent. As to the term thousand years, it is a mystic number among the Jews. Midrash Tillin, in Psa 90:15, Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, adds, "by Babylon, Greece, and the Romans; and in the days of the Messiah. How many are the days of the Messiah? Rab. Elieser, the son of R. Jose, of Galilee, said, The days of the Messiah are a thousand years." Sanhedrin, fol. 92, 1, cited by the Aruch, under the word אירק says: "There is a tradition in the house of Elias, that the righteous, whom the holy blessed God shall raise from the dead, shall not return again to the dust; but for the space of a thousand years, in which the holy blessed God shall renew the world, they shall have wings like the wings of eagles, and shall fly above the waters." It appears therefore that this phraseology is purely rabbinical. Both the Greeks and Latins have the same form of speech in speaking on the state of the righteous and wicked after death. There is something like this in the Republic of Plato, book x., p. 322, edit. Bip., where, speaking of Erus, the son of Armenius, who came to life after having been dead twelve days, and who described the states of departed souls, asserting "that some were obliged to make a long peregrination under the earth before they arose to a state of happiness, ειναι δε την πορειαν χιλιετη, for it was a journey of a thousand years," he adds, "that, as the life of man is rated at a hundred years, those who have been wicked suffer in the other world a ten-fold punishment, and therefore their punishment lasts a thousand years." A similar doctrine prevailed among the Romans; whether they borrowed it from the Greeks, or from the rabbinical Jews, we cannot tell. Thus Virgil, speaking of the punishment of the wicked in the infernal regions, says: - Has omnes, ubi Mille rotam volvere per annos, Lethaeum ad fluvium Deus evocat agmine magno: Scilicet immemores supera ut convexa revisant, Rursus et incipiant in corpora velle reverti. Aen., lib. vi., 748. "But when a thousand rolling years are past, So long their dreary punishment shall last, Whole droves of spirits, by the driving god, Are led to drink the deep Lethean flood In large, forgetful draughts, to sleep the cares Of their past labors and their irksome years; That, unremembering of its former pain, The soul may clothe itself with flesh again." How the apostle applies this general tradition, or in what sense he may use it, who can tell?

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:4

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Plato
  • Christians
  • Christianity
  • Jews
  • Midrash Tillin
  • Babylon
  • Greece
  • Romans
  • Messiah
  • Rab
  • Elieser
  • Jose
  • Galilee
  • Sanhedrin
  • Aruch
  • Elias
  • Bip
  • Erus
  • Armenius
  • Greeks
  • Thus Virgil
  • Aen
  • That

Exposition: Revelation 20:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, ne...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:5

Greek
⸀οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔζησαν ἄχρι τελεσθῇ τὰ χίλια ἔτη. αὕτη ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη.

oi loipoi ton nekron oyk ezesan achri telesthe ta chilia ete. ayte e anastasis e prote.

KJV: But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.

AKJV: But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.

ASV: The rest of the dead lived not until the thousand years should be finished. This is the first resurrection.

YLT: and the rest of the dead did not live again till the thousand years may be finished; this is the first rising again.

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:5
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:5

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 5 The rest of the dead lived not again - It is generally supposed from these passages that all who have been martyred for the truth of God shall be raised a thousand years before the other dead, and reign on earth with Christ during that time, after which the dead in general shall be raised; but this also is very doubtful.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:5

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Revelation 20:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:6

Greek
μακάριος καὶ ἅγιος ὁ ἔχων μέρος ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τῇ πρώτῃ· ἐπὶ τούτων ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν, ἀλλʼ ἔσονται ἱερεῖς τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ χριστοῦ, καὶ βασιλεύσουσιν μετʼ αὐτοῦ ⸀χίλια ἔτη.

makarios kai agios o echon meros en te anastasei te prote· epi toyton o deyteros thanatos oyk echei exoysian, all esontai iereis toy theoy kai toy christoy, kai basileysoysin met aytoy chilia ete.

KJV: Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

AKJV: Blessed and holy is he that has part in the first resurrection: on such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

ASV: Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: over these the second death hath no power; but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

YLT: Happy and holy is he who is having part in the first rising again; over these the second death hath not authority, but they shall be priests of God and of the Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:6
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:6

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 6 Blessed - Μακαριος· Happy. And holy; he was holy, and therefore he suffered for the testimony of Jesus in the time when nothing but holiness was called to such a trial. The first resurrection - Supposed to be that of the martyrs, mentioned above. The second death - Punishment in the eternal world; such is the acceptation of the phrase among the ancient Jews. Hath no power - Ουκ εχει εξουσιαν· Hath no authority - no dominion over him. This is also a rabbinical mode of speech. In Erubin, fol. 19, 1; Chagiga, fol. 27, 1: "Res Lakish said, The fire of hell hath no power over an Israelite who sins. Rab. Elieser says; The fire of hell hath no power over the disciples of the wise men."

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:6

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Happy
  • Jews
  • In Erubin
  • Chagiga
  • Rab

Exposition: Revelation 20:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:7

Greek
Καὶ ὅταν τελεσθῇ τὰ χίλια ἔτη, λυθήσεται ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐκ τῆς φυλακῆς αὐτοῦ,

Kai otan telesthe ta chilia ete, lythesetai o Satanas ek tes phylakes aytoy,

KJV: And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison,

AKJV: And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison,

ASV: And when the thousand years are finished, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison,

YLT: And when the thousand years may be finished, the Adversary shall be loosed out of his prison,

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:7
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:7

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 7 Satan shall be loosed - How can this bear any kind of literal interpretation? Satan is bound a thousand years, and the earth is in peace; righteousness flourishes, and Jesus Christ alone reigns. This state of things may continue for ever if the imprisonment of Satan be continued. Satan, however, is loosed at the end of the thousand years, and goes out and deceives the nations, and peace is banished from the face of the earth, and a most dreadful war takes place, etc., etc. These can be only symbolical representations, utterly incapable of the sense generally put upon them.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:7

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jesus
  • Satan

Exposition: Revelation 20:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:8

Greek
καὶ ἐξελεύσεται πλανῆσαι τὰ ἔθνη τὰ ἐν ταῖς τέσσαρσι γωνίαις τῆς γῆς, τὸν Γὼγ ⸀καὶ Μαγώγ, συναγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸν πόλεμον, ὧν ὁ ἀριθμὸς ⸀αὐτῶν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης.

kai exeleysetai planesai ta ethne ta en tais tessarsi goniais tes ges, ton Gog kai Magog, synagagein aytoys eis ton polemon, on o arithmos ayton os e ammos tes thalasses.

KJV: And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.

AKJV: And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog, and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.

ASV: and shall come forth to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to the war: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.

YLT: and he shall go forth to lead the nations astray, that are in the four corners of the earth--Gog and Magog--to gather them together to war, of whom the number is as the sand of the sea;

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:8
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:8

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 8 Gog and Magog - This seems to be almost literally taken from the Jerusalem Targum, and that of Jonathan ben Uzziel, on Num 11:26. I shall give the words at length: "And there were two men left in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad, the name of the other was Medad, and on them the spirit of prophecy rested. Eldad prophesied and said, 'Behold, Moses the prophet, the scribe of Israel, shall be taken from this world; and Joshua the son of Nun, captain of the host, shall succeed him.' Medad prophesied and said, 'Behold quails shall arise out of the sea, and be a stumbling block to Israel.' Then they both prophesied together, and said, 'In the very end of time Gog and Magog and their army shall come up against Jerusalem, and they shall fall by the hand of the King Messiah; and for seven whole years shall the children of Israel light their fires with the wood of their warlike engines, and they shall not go to the wood nor cut down any tree.'" In the Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, on the same place, the same account is given; only the latter part, that is, the conjoint prophecy of Eldad and Medad, is given more circumstantially, thus: "And they both prophesied together, and said, 'Behold, a king shall come up from the land of Magog in the last days, and shall gather the kings together, and leaders clothed with armor, and all people shall obey them; and they shall wage war in the land of Israel against the children of the captivity, but the hour of lamentation has been long prepared for them, for they shall be slain by the flame of fire which shall proceed from under the throne of glory, and their dead carcasses shall fall on the mountains of the land of Israel; and all the wild beasts of the field, and the wild fowl of heaven, shall come and devour their carcasses; and afterwards all the dead of Israel shall rise again to life, and shall enjoy the delights prepared for them from the beginning, and shall receive the reward of their worlds.'" This account seems most evidently to have been copied by St. John, but how he intended it to be applied is a question too difficult to be solved by the skill of man; yet both the account in the rabbins and in St. John is founded on Ezekiel, Ezekiel 38:1-39:29. The rabbinical writings are full of accounts concerning Gog and Magog, of which Wetstein has made a pretty large collection in his notes on this place. Under these names the enemies of God's truth are generally intended.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:8

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Num 11:26
  • Ezekiel 38:1-39

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Targum
  • Jonathan
  • Moses
  • Jerusalem Targum
  • Uzziel
  • Eldad
  • Medad
  • Behold
  • Israel
  • Nun
  • Jerusalem
  • King Messiah
  • St
  • John
  • Ezekiel
  • Magog

Exposition: Revelation 20:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:9

Greek
καὶ ἀνέβησαν ἐπὶ τὸ πλάτος τῆς γῆς, καὶ ⸀ἐκύκλευσαν τὴν παρεμβολὴν τῶν ἁγίων καὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἠγαπημένην. καὶ κατέβη πῦρ ⸂ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ⸃ καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτούς·

kai anebesan epi to platos tes ges, kai ekykleysan ten parembolen ton agion kai ten polin ten egapemenen. kai katebe pyr ek toy oyranoy kai katephagen aytoys·

KJV: And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them.

AKJV: And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them.

ASV: And they went up over the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down out of heaven, and devoured them.

YLT: and they did go up over the breadth of the land, and did surround the camp of the saints, and the beloved city, and there came down fire from God out of the heaven, and devoured them;

Commentary Witness (Generated)Revelation 20:9
Generated editorial synthesis

Commentary Witness (Generated)

Revelation 20:9

Generated editorial synthesis

Revelation 20:9 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.

Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:9

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Revelation 20:9

Exposition: Revelation 20:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:10

Greek
καὶ ὁ διάβολος ὁ πλανῶν αὐτοὺς ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ θείου, ὅπου καὶ τὸ θηρίον καὶ ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης, καὶ βασανισθήσονται ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.

kai o diabolos o planon aytoys eblethe eis ten limnen toy pyros kai theioy, opoy kai to therion kai o pseydoprophetes, kai basanisthesontai emeras kai nyktos eis toys aionas ton aionon.

KJV: And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.

AKJV: And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.

ASV: And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where are also the beast and the false prophet; and they shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.

YLT: and the Devil, who is leading them astray, was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where are the beast and the false prophet, and they shall be tormented day and night--to the ages of the ages.

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:10
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:10

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 10 And the devil - was cast onto the lake - Before Satan was bound, that is, his power was curtailed and restrained; now, he is cast into the lake of fire, his power being totally taken away.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:10

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Revelation 20:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:11

Greek
Καὶ εἶδον θρόνον μέγαν λευκὸν καὶ τὸν καθήμενον ⸂ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ⸃, οὗ ἀπὸ ⸀τοῦ προσώπου ἔφυγεν ἡ γῆ καὶ ὁ οὐρανός, καὶ τόπος οὐχ εὑρέθη αὐτοῖς.

Kai eidon thronon megan leykon kai ton kathemenon ep aytoy, oy apo toy prosopoy ephygen e ge kai o oyranos, kai topos oych eyrethe aytois.

KJV: And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.

AKJV: And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.

ASV: And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat upon it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.

YLT: And I saw a great white throne, and Him who is sitting upon it, from whose face the earth and the heaven did flee away, and place was not found for them;

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:11
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:11

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 11 A great white throne - Refulgent with glorious majesty. Him that sat on it - The indescribable Jehovah. From whose face the earth and the heaven fled away - Even the brightness of his countenance dissolved the universe, and annihilated the laws by which it was governed. This is a very majestic figure, and finely expressed. There was found no place for them - The glorious majesty of God filling all things, and being all in all.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:11

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jehovah

Exposition: Revelation 20:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:12

Greek
καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς, τοὺς μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς, ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου, καὶ βιβλία ἠνοίχθησαν· καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνοίχθη, ὅ ἐστιν τῆς ζωῆς· καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.

kai eidon toys nekroys, toys megaloys kai toys mikroys, estotas enopion toy thronoy, kai biblia enoichthesan· kai allo biblion enoichthe, o estin tes zoes· kai ekrithesan oi nekroi ek ton gegrammenon en tois bibliois kata ta erga ayton.

KJV: And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.

AKJV: And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.

ASV: And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and books were opened: and another book was opened, which isthe bookof life: and the dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works.

YLT: and I saw the dead, small and great, standing before God, and scrolls were opened, and another scroll was opened, which is that of the life, and the dead were judged out of the things written in the scrolls--according to their works;

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:12
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:12

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 12 The dead, small and great - All ranks, degrees, and conditions of men. This description seems to refer to Dan 7:9, Dan 7:10. And the books were opened - See Dan 12:1. "Rab. Jehuda said: All the actions of men, whether good or bad, are written in a book, and of all they shall give account." - Sohar Gen., fol. 79, col. 298. "How careful should men be to shun vice, and to act uprightly before the holy blessed God, seeing there are so many which go throughout the earth, see the works of men, testify of them, and write them in a book!" - Ibid., fol. 105, col. 417. "In the first day of the new year the holy blessed God sits that he may judge the world; and all men, without exception, give an account of themselves; and the books of the living and the dead are opened." Sohar Chadash, fol. 19, 1. The books mentioned here were the books of the living and the dead, or the book of life and the book of death: that is, the account of the good and evil actions of men; the former leading to life, the latter to death. St. John evidently alludes here to Dan 7:10, on which the rabbinical account of the books appears to be founded. The expressions are figurative in both. According to their works - And according to their faith also, for their works would be the proof whether their faith were true or false; but faith exclusively could be no rule in such a procedure.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:12

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Biblical cross-references named in the witness

  • Dan 7:9
  • Dan 7:10
  • Dan 12:1

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Rab
  • Sohar Gen
  • Ibid
  • Sohar Chadash
  • St

Exposition: Revelation 20:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, a...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:13

Greek
καὶ ἔδωκεν ἡ θάλασσα τοὺς νεκροὺς τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ ὁ θάνατος καὶ ὁ ᾅδης ἔδωκαν τοὺς νεκροὺς τοὺς ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐκρίθησαν ἕκαστος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.

kai edoken e thalassa toys nekroys toys en ayte, kai o thanatos kai o ades edokan toys nekroys toys en aytois, kai ekrithesan ekastos kata ta erga ayton.

KJV: And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.

AKJV: And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.

ASV: And the sea gave up the dead that were in it; and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.

YLT: and the sea did give up those dead in it, and the death and the hades did give up the dead in them, and they were judged, each one according to their works;

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:13
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:13

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 13 The sea gave up the dead - Those who had been drowned in it, and those millions slain in naval contests, who had no other grave. And death - All who died by any kind of disease. Death is here personified, and represented as a keeper of defunct human beings; probably no more than earth or the grave is meant, as properly belonging to the empire of death. And hell - Ἁιδης, Hades, the place of separate spirits. The sea and death have the bodies of all human beings; hades has their spirits. That they may be judged, and punished or rewarded according to their works, their bodies and souls must be reunited; hades, therefore, gives up the spirits; and the sea and the earth give up the bodies.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:13

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Hades

Exposition: Revelation 20:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:14

Greek
καὶ ὁ θάνατος καὶ ὁ ᾅδης ἐβλήθησαν εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρός. οὗτος ὁ ⸂θάνατος ὁ δεύτερός⸃ ἐστιν, ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός.

kai o thanatos kai o ades eblethesan eis ten limnen toy pyros. oytos o thanatos o deyteros estin, e limne toy pyros.

KJV: And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.

AKJV: And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.

ASV: And death and Hades were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death, eventhe lake of fire.

YLT: and the death and the hades were cast to the lake of the fire--this is the second death;

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:14
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:14

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 14 And death and hell were cast into the lake - Death himself is now abolished, and the place for separate spirits no longer needful. All dead bodies and separated souls being rejoined, and no more separation of bodies and souls by death to take place, consequently the existence of these things is no farther necessary. This is the second death - The first death consisted in the separation of the soul from the body for a season; the second death in the separation of body and soul from God for ever. The first death is that from which there may be a resurrection; the second death is that from which there can be no recovery. By the first the body is destroyed during time; by the second, body and soul are destroyed through eternity.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:14

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Exposition: Revelation 20:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Revelation 20:15

Greek
καὶ εἴ τις οὐχ εὑρέθη ἐν ⸂τῇ βίβλῳ⸃ τῆς ζωῆς γεγραμμένος, ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρός.

kai ei tis oych eyrethe en te biblo tes zoes gegrammenos, eblethe eis ten limnen toy pyros.

KJV: And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.

AKJV: And whoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.

ASV: And if any was not found written in the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire.

YLT: and if any one was not found written in the scroll of the life, he was cast to the lake of the fire.

Commentary WitnessRevelation 20:15
Quoted commentary witness

Commentary Witness

Revelation 20:15

Quoted commentary witness

Verse 15 Written in the book of life - Only those who had continued faithful unto death were taken to heaven. All whose names were not found in the public registers, who either were not citizens, or whose names had been erased from those registers because of crimes against the state, could claim none of those emoluments or privileges which belong to the citizens; so those who either did not belong to the new and spiritual Jerusalem, or who had forfeited their rights and privileges by sin, and had died in that state, were cast into the lake of fire. This is the way in which God, at the day of judgment, will proceed with sinners and apostates. Reader, see that thy name be written in the sacred register; and, if written in, see that it never be blotted out.

Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.

Canonical locus

Revelation 20:15

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Named authorities or texts detected in the witness

  • Jerusalem
  • Reader

Exposition: Revelation 20:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes
  • Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
  • Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
  • Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.

Scholarly apparatus

Commentary citation index

This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.

Direct commentary witnesses

14

Generated editorial witnesses

1

Source lane

Apologetics Bible source bundle

Canonical references surfaced in commentary

  • Rev 20:1-3
  • Rev 20:4-6
  • Rev 20:7
  • Rev 20:8
  • Rev 20:9
  • Rev 20:10
  • Rev 20:11
  • Rev 20:12
  • Rev 20:13-15
  • Revelation 20:1
  • Rev 12:9
  • Rev 20:3-5
  • Revelation 20:2
  • Revelation 20:3
  • Revelation 20:4
  • Revelation 20:5
  • Revelation 20:6
  • Revelation 20:7
  • Num 11:26
  • Ezekiel 38:1-39
  • Revelation 20:8
  • Revelation 20:9
  • Revelation 20:10
  • Revelation 20:11
  • Dan 7:9
  • Dan 7:10
  • Dan 12:1
  • Revelation 20:12
  • Revelation 20:13
  • Revelation 20:14
  • Revelation 20:15

Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary

  • Jesus
  • Devil
  • Selah
  • This
  • Plato
  • Christians
  • Christianity
  • Jews
  • Midrash Tillin
  • Babylon
  • Greece
  • Romans
  • Messiah
  • Rab
  • Elieser
  • Jose
  • Galilee
  • Sanhedrin
  • Aruch
  • Elias
  • Bip
  • Erus
  • Armenius
  • Greeks
  • Thus Virgil
  • Aen
  • That
  • Happy
  • In Erubin
  • Chagiga
  • Satan
  • Targum
  • Jonathan
  • Moses
  • Jerusalem Targum
  • Uzziel
  • Eldad
  • Medad
  • Behold
  • Israel
  • Nun
  • Jerusalem
  • King Messiah
  • St
  • John
  • Ezekiel
  • Magog
  • Jehovah
  • Sohar Gen
  • Ibid
  • Sohar Chadash
  • Hades
  • Reader
Book directory Open the 66-book reader directory Use this when you need a specific book. The passage reader above stays first.
Book explorer

Choose a book and open the reader.

Each card opens chapter 1 for that canonical book. The directory is here for navigation, not as the first thing a visitor has to read.

Examples: Genesis, Psalms, Gospels, prophets, Romans, Revelation.

Old Testament Law

Genesis

Rendered chapters 1–50 are mapped to the public reader path for Genesis. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 50 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Genesis

Open Genesis

Old Testament Law

Exodus

Rendered chapters 1–40 are mapped to the public reader path for Exodus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 40 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Exodus

Open Exodus

Old Testament Law

Leviticus

Rendered chapters 1–27 are mapped to the public reader path for Leviticus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 27 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Leviticus

Open Leviticus

Old Testament Law

Numbers

Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for Numbers. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 36 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Numbers

Open Numbers

Old Testament Law

Deuteronomy

Rendered chapters 1–34 are mapped to the public reader path for Deuteronomy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 34 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Deuteronomy

Open Deuteronomy

Old Testament History

Joshua

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Joshua. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joshua

Open Joshua

Old Testament History

Judges

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for Judges. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Judges

Open Judges

Old Testament History

Ruth

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Ruth. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ruth

Open Ruth

Old Testament History

1 Samuel

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Samuel

Open 1 Samuel

Old Testament History

2 Samuel

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Samuel

Open 2 Samuel

Old Testament History

1 Kings

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Kings

Open 1 Kings

Old Testament History

2 Kings

Rendered chapters 1–25 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 25 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Kings

Open 2 Kings

Old Testament History

1 Chronicles

Rendered chapters 1–29 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 29 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Chronicles

Open 1 Chronicles

Old Testament History

2 Chronicles

Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 36 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Chronicles

Open 2 Chronicles

Old Testament History

Ezra

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezra

Open Ezra

Old Testament History

Nehemiah

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nehemiah

Open Nehemiah

Old Testament History

Esther

Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 10 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Esther

Open Esther

Old Testament Wisdom

Job

Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 42 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Job

Open Job

Old Testament Wisdom

Psalms

Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 150 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Psalms

Open Psalms

Old Testament Wisdom

Proverbs

Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 31 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Proverbs

Open Proverbs

Old Testament Wisdom

Ecclesiastes

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ecclesiastes

Open Ecclesiastes

Old Testament Wisdom

Song of Solomon

Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 8 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Song of Solomon

Open Song of Solomon

Old Testament Prophets

Isaiah

Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 66 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Isaiah

Open Isaiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jeremiah

Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 52 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jeremiah

Open Jeremiah

Old Testament Prophets

Lamentations

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Lamentations

Open Lamentations

Old Testament Prophets

Ezekiel

Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 48 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ezekiel

Open Ezekiel

Old Testament Prophets

Daniel

Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 12 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Daniel

Open Daniel

Old Testament Prophets

Hosea

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hosea

Open Hosea

Old Testament Prophets

Joel

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Joel

Open Joel

Old Testament Prophets

Amos

Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 9 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Amos

Open Amos

Old Testament Prophets

Obadiah

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Obadiah

Open Obadiah

Old Testament Prophets

Jonah

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jonah

Open Jonah

Old Testament Prophets

Micah

Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 7 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Micah

Open Micah

Old Testament Prophets

Nahum

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Nahum

Open Nahum

Old Testament Prophets

Habakkuk

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Habakkuk

Open Habakkuk

Old Testament Prophets

Zephaniah

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zephaniah

Open Zephaniah

Old Testament Prophets

Haggai

Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 2 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Haggai

Open Haggai

Old Testament Prophets

Zechariah

Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 14 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Zechariah

Open Zechariah

Old Testament Prophets

Malachi

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Malachi

Open Malachi

New Testament Gospels

Matthew

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Matthew

Open Matthew

New Testament Gospels

Mark

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Mark

Open Mark

New Testament Gospels

Luke

Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 24 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Luke

Open Luke

New Testament Gospels

John

Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 21 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for John

Open John

New Testament History

Acts

Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 28 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Acts

Open Acts

New Testament Letters

Romans

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Romans

Open Romans

New Testament Letters

1 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 16 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Corinthians

Open 1 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

2 Corinthians

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Corinthians

Open 2 Corinthians

New Testament Letters

Galatians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Galatians

Open Galatians

New Testament Letters

Ephesians

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Ephesians

Open Ephesians

New Testament Letters

Philippians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philippians

Open Philippians

New Testament Letters

Colossians

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Colossians

Open Colossians

New Testament Letters

1 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Thessalonians

Open 1 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

2 Thessalonians

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Thessalonians

Open 2 Thessalonians

New Testament Letters

1 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 6 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Timothy

Open 1 Timothy

New Testament Letters

2 Timothy

Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 4 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Timothy

Open 2 Timothy

New Testament Letters

Titus

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Titus

Open Titus

New Testament Letters

Philemon

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Philemon

Open Philemon

New Testament Letters

Hebrews

Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 13 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Hebrews

Open Hebrews

New Testament Letters

James

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for James

Open James

New Testament Letters

1 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 Peter

Open 1 Peter

New Testament Letters

2 Peter

Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 3 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 Peter

Open 2 Peter

New Testament Letters

1 John

Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 5 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 1 John

Open 1 John

New Testament Letters

2 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 2 John

Open 2 John

New Testament Letters

3 John

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for 3 John

Open 3 John

New Testament Letters

Jude

Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 1 rendered chapter
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Jude

Open Jude

New Testament Apocalypse

Revelation

Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.

  • Coverage: 22 rendered chapters
  • Current public use: chapter reader path for Revelation

Open Revelation

What this explorer shows today

The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.

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