Apologetics Bible

Romans 11:1

Greek

Λέγω οὖν, μὴ ἀπώσατο ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ; μὴ γένοιτο· καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ Ἰσραηλίτης εἰμί, ἐκ σπέρματος Ἀβραάμ, φυλῆς Βενιαμίν.

Lego oyn, me aposato o theos ton laon aytoy; me genoito· kai gar ego Israelites eimi, ek spermatos Abraam, phyles Beniamin.

KJV: I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.

AKJV: I say then, Has God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.

ASV: I say then, Did God cast off his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.

YLT: I say, then, Did God cast away His people? let it not be! for I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin:

Exposition: Romans 11:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:2

Greek

οὐκ ἀπώσατο ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ὃν προέγνω. ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ἐν Ἠλίᾳ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή, ὡς ἐντυγχάνει τῷ θεῷ κατὰ τοῦ ⸀Ἰσραήλ;

oyk aposato o theos ton laon aytoy on proegno. e oyk oidate en Elia ti legei e graphe, os entygchanei to theo kata toy Israel;

KJV: God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying,

AKJV: God has not cast away his people which he foreknew. Know you not what the scripture says of Elijah? how he makes intercession to God against Israel saying,

ASV: God did not cast off his people which he foreknew. Or know ye not what the scripture saith of Elijah? how he pleadeth with God against Israel:

YLT: God did not cast away His people whom He knew before; have ye not known--in Elijah--what the Writing saith? how he doth plead with God concerning Israel, saying,

Exposition: Romans 11:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:3

Greek

Κύριε, τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν, ⸀τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου κατέσκαψαν, κἀγὼ ὑπελείφθην μόνος, καὶ ζητοῦσιν τὴν ψυχήν μου.

Kyrie, toys prophetas soy apekteinan, ta thysiasteria soy kateskapsan, kago ypeleiphthen monos, kai zetoysin ten psychen moy.

KJV: Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.

AKJV: Lord, they have killed your prophets, and dig down your altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.

ASV: Lord, they have killed thy prophets, they have digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.

YLT: `Lord, Thy prophets they did kill, and Thy altars they dug down, and I was left alone, and they seek my life;'

Exposition: Romans 11:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:4

Greek

ἀλλὰ τί λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ χρηματισμός; Κατέλιπον ἐμαυτῷ ἑπτακισχιλίους ἄνδρας, οἵτινες οὐκ ἔκαμψαν γόνυ τῇ Βάαλ.

alla ti legei ayto o chrematismos; Katelipon emayto eptakischilioys andras, oitines oyk ekampsan gony te Baal.

KJV: But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal.

AKJV: But what says the answer of God to him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal.

ASV: But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have left for myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to Baal.

YLT: but what saith the divine answer to him? `I left to Myself seven thousand men, who did not bow a knee to Baal.'

Exposition: Romans 11:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:5

Greek

οὕτως οὖν καὶ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ λεῖμμα κατʼ ἐκλογὴν χάριτος γέγονεν·

oytos oyn kai en to nyn kairo leimma kat eklogen charitos gegonen·

KJV: Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.

AKJV: Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.

ASV: Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.

YLT: So then also in the present time a remnant according to the choice of grace there hath been;

Exposition: Romans 11:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:6

Greek

εἰ δὲ χάριτι, οὐκέτι ἐξ ἔργων, ἐπεὶ ἡ χάρις οὐκέτι γίνεται ⸀χάρις.

ei de chariti, oyketi ex ergon, epei e charis oyketi ginetai charis.

KJV: And if by grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work.

AKJV: And if by grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then it is no more grace: otherwise work is no more work.

ASV: But if it is by grace, it is no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace.

YLT: and if by grace, no more of works, otherwise the grace becometh no more grace; and if of works, it is no more grace, otherwise the work is no more work.

Exposition: Romans 11:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And if by grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:7

Greek

τί οὖν; ὃ ἐπιζητεῖ Ἰσραήλ, τοῦτο οὐκ ἐπέτυχεν, ἡ δὲ ἐκλογὴ ἐπέτυχεν· οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἐπωρώθησαν,

ti oyn; o epizetei Israel, toyto oyk epetychen, e de ekloge epetychen· oi de loipoi eporothesan,

KJV: What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded

AKJV: What then? Israel has not obtained that which he seeks for; but the election has obtained it, and the rest were blinded.

ASV: What then? That which Israel seeketh for, that he obtained not; but the election obtained it, and the rest were hardened:

YLT: What then? What Israel doth seek after, this it did not obtain, and the chosen did obtain, and the rest were hardened,

Exposition: Romans 11:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:8

Greek

⸀καθὼς γέγραπται· Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς πνεῦμα κατανύξεως, ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν καὶ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν, ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας.

kathos gegraptai· Edoken aytois o theos pneyma katanyxeos, ophthalmoys toy me blepein kai ota toy me akoyein, eos tes semeron emeras.

KJV: (According as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear;) unto this day.

AKJV: (According as it is written, God has given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear;) to this day.

ASV: according as it is written, God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, unto this very day.

YLT: according as it hath been written, `God gave to them a spirit of deep sleep, eyes not to see, and ears not to hear,' --unto this very day,

Exposition: Romans 11:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: '(According as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear;) unto this day.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:9

Greek

καὶ Δαυὶδ λέγει· Γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς θήραν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς,

kai Dayid legei· Genetheto e trapeza ayton eis pagida kai eis theran kai eis skandalon kai eis antapodoma aytois,

KJV: And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them:

AKJV: And David says, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumbling block, and a recompense to them:

ASV: And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap,

YLT: and David saith, `Let their table become for a snare, and for a trap, and for a stumbling-block, and for a recompense to them;

Exposition: Romans 11:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:10

Greek

σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον.

skotisthetosan oi ophthalmoi ayton toy me blepein, kai ton noton ayton dia pantos sygkampson.

KJV: Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway.

AKJV: Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back always.

ASV: Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see,

YLT: let their eyes be darkened--not to behold, and their back do Thou always bow down.'

Exposition: Romans 11:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:11

Greek

Λέγω οὖν, μὴ ἔπταισαν ἵνα πέσωσιν; μὴ γένοιτο· ἀλλὰ τῷ αὐτῶν παραπτώματι ἡ σωτηρία τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, εἰς τὸ παραζηλῶσαι αὐτούς.

Lego oyn, me eptaisan ina pesosin; me genoito· alla to ayton paraptomati e soteria tois ethnesin, eis to parazelosai aytoys.

KJV: I say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall? God forbid: but rather through their fall salvation is come unto the Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy.

AKJV: I say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall? God forbid: but rather through their fall salvation is come to the Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy.

ASV: I say then, Did they stumble that they might fall? God forbid: but by their fall salvation is come unto the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy.

YLT: I say, then, Did they stumble that they might fall? let it not be! but by their fall the salvation is to the nations, to arouse them to jealousy;

Exposition: Romans 11:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall? God forbid: but rather through their fall salvation is come unto the Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:12

Greek

εἰ δὲ τὸ παράπτωμα αὐτῶν πλοῦτος κόσμου καὶ τὸ ἥττημα αὐτῶν πλοῦτος ἐθνῶν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῶν.

ei de to paraptoma ayton ploytos kosmoy kai to ettema ayton ploytos ethnon, poso mallon to pleroma ayton.

KJV: Now if the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fulness?

AKJV: Now if the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?

ASV: Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fulness?

YLT: and if the fall of them is the riches of a world, and the diminution of them the riches of nations, how much more the fulness of them?

Exposition: Romans 11:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now if the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fulness?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:13

Greek

Ὑμῖν ⸀δὲ λέγω τοῖς ἔθνεσιν. ἐφʼ ὅσον μὲν ⸀οὖν εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐθνῶν ἀπόστολος, τὴν διακονίαν μου δοξάζω,

Ymin de lego tois ethnesin. eph oson men oyn eimi ego ethnon apostolos, ten diakonian moy doxazo,

KJV: For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office:

AKJV: For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify my office:

ASV: But I speak to you that are Gentiles. Inasmuch then as I am an apostle of Gentiles, I glorify my ministry;

YLT: For to you I speak--to the nations--inasmuch as I am indeed an apostle of nations, my ministration I do glorify;

Exposition: Romans 11:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:14

Greek

εἴ πως παραζηλώσω μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ σώσω τινὰς ἐξ αὐτῶν.

ei pos parazeloso moy ten sarka kai soso tinas ex ayton.

KJV: If by any means I may provoke to emulation them which are my flesh, and might save some of them.

AKJV: If by any means I may provoke to emulation them which are my flesh, and might save some of them.

ASV: if by any means I may provoke to jealousy them that are my flesh, and may save some of them.

YLT: if by any means I shall arouse to jealousy mine own flesh, and shall save some of them,

Exposition: Romans 11:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'If by any means I may provoke to emulation them which are my flesh, and might save some of them.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:15

Greek

εἰ γὰρ ἡ ἀποβολὴ αὐτῶν καταλλαγὴ κόσμου, τίς ἡ πρόσλημψις εἰ μὴ ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν;

ei gar e apobole ayton katallage kosmoy, tis e proslempsis ei me zoe ek nekron;

KJV: For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead?

AKJV: For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead?

ASV: For if the casting away of them is the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead?

YLT: for if the casting away of them is a reconciliation of the world, what the reception--if not life out of the dead?

Exposition: Romans 11:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:16

Greek

εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀπαρχὴ ἁγία, καὶ τὸ φύραμα· καὶ εἰ ἡ ῥίζα ἁγία, καὶ οἱ κλάδοι.

ei de e aparche agia, kai to phyrama· kai ei e riza agia, kai oi kladoi.

KJV: For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches.

AKJV: For if the first fruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches.

ASV: And if the firstfruit is holy, so is the lump: and if the root is holy, so are the branches.

YLT: and if the first-fruit is holy, the lump also; and if the root is holy, the branches also.

Exposition: Romans 11:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:17

Greek

Εἰ δέ τινες τῶν κλάδων ἐξεκλάσθησαν, σὺ δὲ ἀγριέλαιος ὢν ἐνεκεντρίσθης ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ συγκοινωνὸς τῆς ⸀ῥίζης τῆς πιότητος τῆς ἐλαίας ἐγένου,

Ei de tines ton kladon exeklasthesan, sy de agrielaios on enekentristhes en aytois kai sygkoinonos tes rizes tes piotetos tes elaias egenoy,

KJV: And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree;

AKJV: And if some of the branches be broken off, and you, being a wild olive tree, were grafted in among them, and with them partake of the root and fatness of the olive tree;

ASV: But if some of the branches were broken off, and thou, being a wild olive, wast grafted in among them, and didst become partaker with them of the root of the fatness of the olive tree;

YLT: And if certain of the branches were broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree, wast graffed in among them, and a fellow-partaker of the root and of the fatness of the olive tree didst become--

Exposition: Romans 11:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:18

Greek

μὴ κατακαυχῶ τῶν κλάδων· εἰ δὲ κατακαυχᾶσαι, οὐ σὺ τὴν ῥίζαν βαστάζεις ἀλλὰ ἡ ῥίζα σέ.

me katakaycho ton kladon· ei de katakaychasai, oy sy ten rizan bastazeis alla e riza se.

KJV: Boast not against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root thee.

AKJV: Boast not against the branches. But if you boast, you bore not the root, but the root you.

ASV: glory not over the branches: but if thou gloriest, it is not thou that bearest the root, but the root thee.

YLT: do not boast against the branches; and if thou dost boast, thou dost not bear the root, but the root thee!

Exposition: Romans 11:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Boast not against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root thee.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:19

Greek

ἐρεῖς οὖν· Ἐξεκλάσθησαν κλάδοι ἵνα ἐγὼ ἐγκεντρισθῶ.

ereis oyn· Exeklasthesan kladoi ina ego egkentristho.

KJV: Thou wilt say then, The branches were broken off, that I might be graffed in.

AKJV: You will say then, The branches were broken off, that I might be grafted in.

ASV: Thou wilt say then, Branches were broken off, that I might be grafted in.

YLT: Thou wilt say, then, `The branches were broken off, that I might be graffed in;' right!

Exposition: Romans 11:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Thou wilt say then, The branches were broken off, that I might be graffed in.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:20

Greek

καλῶς· τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ ἐξεκλάσθησαν, σὺ δὲ τῇ πίστει ἕστηκας. μὴ ⸂ὑψηλὰ φρόνει⸃, ἀλλὰ φοβοῦ·

kalos· te apistia exeklasthesan, sy de te pistei estekas. me ypsela phronei, alla phoboy·

KJV: Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by faith. Be not highminded, but fear:

AKJV: Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and you stand by faith. Be not high minded, but fear:

ASV: Well; by their unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by thy faith. Be not highminded, but fear:

YLT: by unbelief they were broken off, and thou hast stood by faith; be not high-minded, but be fearing;

Exposition: Romans 11:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by faith. Be not highminded, but fear:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:21

Greek

εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ⸀οὐδὲ σοῦ φείσεται.

ei gar o theos ton kata physin kladon oyk epheisato, oyde soy pheisetai.

KJV: For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee.

AKJV: For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not you.

ASV: for if God spared not the natural branches, neither will he spare thee.

YLT: for if God the natural branches did not spare--lest perhaps He also shall not spare thee.

Exposition: Romans 11:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:22

Greek

ἴδε οὖν χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν θεοῦ· ἐπὶ μὲν τοὺς πεσόντας ⸀ἀποτομία, ἐπὶ δὲ σὲ ⸂χρηστότης θεοῦ⸃, ἐὰν ⸀ἐπιμένῃς τῇ χρηστότητι, ἐπεὶ καὶ σὺ ἐκκοπήσῃ.

ide oyn chrestoteta kai apotomian theoy· epi men toys pesontas apotomia, epi de se chrestotes theoy, ean epimenes te chrestoteti, epei kai sy ekkopese.

KJV: Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.

AKJV: Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in his goodness: otherwise you also shall be cut off.

ASV: Behold then the goodness and severity of God: toward them that fell, severity; but toward thee, God’s goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.

YLT: Lo, then, goodness and severity of God--upon those indeed who fell, severity; and upon thee, goodness, if thou mayest remain in the goodness, otherwise, thou also shalt be cut off.

Exposition: Romans 11:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:23

Greek

κἀκεῖνοι δέ, ἐὰν μὴ ⸀ἐπιμένωσι τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ, ἐγκεντρισθήσονται· δυνατὸς γάρ ⸂ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς⸃ πάλιν ἐγκεντρίσαι αὐτούς.

kakeinoi de, ean me epimenosi te apistia, egkentristhesontai· dynatos gar estin o theos palin egkentrisai aytoys.

KJV: And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be graffed in: for God is able to graff them in again.

AKJV: And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be grafted in: for God is able to graft them in again.

ASV: And they also, if they continue not in their unbelief, shall be grafted in: for God is able to graft them in again.

YLT: And those also, if they may not remain in unbelief, shall be graffed in, for God is able again to graff them in;

Exposition: Romans 11:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be graffed in: for God is able to graff them in again.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:24

Greek

εἰ γὰρ σὺ ἐκ τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ἐξεκόπης ἀγριελαίου καὶ παρὰ φύσιν ἐνεκεντρίσθης εἰς καλλιέλαιον, πόσῳ μᾶλλον οὗτοι οἱ κατὰ φύσιν ἐγκεντρισθήσονται τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐλαίᾳ.

ei gar sy ek tes kata physin exekopes agrielaioy kai para physin enekentristhes eis kallielaion, poso mallon oytoi oi kata physin egkentristhesontai te idia elaia.

KJV: For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree?

AKJV: For if you were cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and were grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?

ASV: For if thou wast cut out of that which is by nature a wild olive tree, and wast grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree; how much more shall these, which are the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?

YLT: for if thou, out of the olive tree, wild by nature, wast cut out, and, contrary to nature, wast graffed into a good olive tree, how much rather shall they, who are according to nature, be graffed into their own olive tree?

Exposition: Romans 11:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed into their own olive...'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:25

Greek

Οὐ γὰρ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο, ἵνα μὴ ⸀ἦτε ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι, ὅτι πώρωσις ἀπὸ μέρους τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονεν ἄχρι οὗ τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσέλθῃ,

Oy gar thelo ymas agnoein, adelphoi, to mysterion toyto, ina me ete eaytois phronimoi, oti porosis apo meroys to Israel gegonen achri oy to pleroma ton ethnon eiselthe,

KJV: For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.

AKJV: For I would not, brothers, that you should be ignorant of this mystery, lest you should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles be come in.

ASV: For I would not, brethren, have you ignorant of this mystery, lest ye be wise in your own conceits, that a hardening in part hath befallen Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in;

YLT: For I do not wish you to be ignorant, brethren, of this secret--that ye may not be wise in your own conceits--that hardness in part to Israel hath happened till the fulness of the nations may come in;

Exposition: Romans 11:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:26

Greek

καὶ οὕτως πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ σωθήσεται· καθὼς γέγραπται· Ἥξει ἐκ Σιὼν ὁ ⸀ῥυόμενος, ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβ.

kai oytos pas Israel sothesetai· kathos gegraptai· Exei ek Sion o ryomenos, apostrepsei asebeias apo Iakob.

KJV: And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:

AKJV: And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:

ASV: and so all Israel shall be saved: even as it is written, There shall come out of Zion the Deliverer;

YLT: and so all Israel shall be saved, according as it hath been written, `There shall come forth out of Sion he who is delivering, and he shall turn away impiety from Jacob,

Exposition: Romans 11:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:27

Greek

καὶ αὕτη αὐτοῖς ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη, ὅταν ἀφέλωμαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.

kai ayte aytois e par emoy diatheke, otan aphelomai tas amartias ayton.

KJV: For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins.

AKJV: For this is my covenant to them, when I shall take away their sins.

ASV: And this is my covenant unto them,

YLT: and this to them is the covenant from Me, when I may take away their sins.'

Exposition: Romans 11:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:28

Greek

κατὰ μὲν τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἐχθροὶ διʼ ὑμᾶς, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐκλογὴν ἀγαπητοὶ διὰ τοὺς πατέρας·

kata men to eyaggelion echthroi di ymas, kata de ten eklogen agapetoi dia toys pateras·

KJV: As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers’ sakes.

AKJV: As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the father’s sakes.

ASV: As touching the gospel, they are enemies for your sake: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers’ sake.

YLT: As regards, indeed, the good tidings, they are enemies on your account; and as regards the choice--beloved on account of the fathers;

Exposition: Romans 11:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers’ sakes.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:29

Greek

ἀμεταμέλητα γὰρ τὰ χαρίσματα καὶ ἡ κλῆσις τοῦ θεοῦ.

ametameleta gar ta charismata kai e klesis toy theoy.

KJV: For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.

AKJV: For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.

ASV: For the gifts and the calling of God are not repented of.

YLT: for unrepented of are the gifts and the calling of God;

Exposition: Romans 11:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:30

Greek

ὥσπερ ⸀γὰρ ὑμεῖς ποτε ἠπειθήσατε τῷ θεῷ, νῦν δὲ ἠλεήθητε τῇ τούτων ἀπειθείᾳ,

osper gar ymeis pote epeithesate to theo, nyn de eleethete te toyton apeitheia,

KJV: For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief:

AKJV: For as you in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief:

ASV: For as ye in time past were disobedient to God, but now have obtained mercy by their disobedience,

YLT: for as ye also once did not believe in God, and now did find kindness by the unbelief of these:

Exposition: Romans 11:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:31

Greek

οὕτως καὶ οὗτοι νῦν ἠπείθησαν τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἐλέει ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ⸀νῦν ἐλεηθῶσιν·

oytos kai oytoi nyn epeithesan to ymetero eleei ina kai aytoi nyn eleethosin·

KJV: Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy.

AKJV: Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy.

ASV: even so have these also now been disobedient, that by the mercy shown to you they also may now obtain mercy.

YLT: so also these now did not believe, that in your kindness they also may find kindness;

Exposition: Romans 11:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:32

Greek

συνέκλεισεν γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τοὺς πάντας εἰς ἀπείθειαν ἵνα τοὺς πάντας ἐλεήσῃ.

synekleisen gar o theos toys pantas eis apeitheian ina toys pantas eleese.

KJV: For God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy upon all.

AKJV: For God has concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy on all.

ASV: For God hath shut up all unto disobedience, that he might have mercy upon all.

YLT: for God did shut up together the whole to unbelief, that to the whole He might do kindness.

Exposition: Romans 11:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy upon all.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:33

Greek

Ὦ βάθος πλούτου καὶ σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως θεοῦ· ὡς ἀνεξεραύνητα τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστοι αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ.

O bathos ploytoy kai sophias kai gnoseos theoy· os anexerayneta ta krimata aytoy kai anexichniastoi ai odoi aytoy.

KJV: O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out!

AKJV: O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out!

ASV: O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out!

YLT: O depth of riches, and wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways!

Exposition: Romans 11:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out!'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:34

Greek

Τίς γὰρ ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου; ἢ τίς σύμβουλος αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο;

Tis gar egno noyn kyrioy; e tis symboylos aytoy egeneto;

KJV: For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor?

AKJV: For who has known the mind of the Lord? or who has been his counselor?

ASV: For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor?

YLT: for who did know the mind of the Lord? or who did become His counsellor?

Exposition: Romans 11:34 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:35

Greek

ἢ τίς προέδωκεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀνταποδοθήσεται αὐτῷ;

e tis proedoken ayto, kai antapodothesetai ayto;

KJV: Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again?

AKJV: Or who has first given to him, and it shall be recompensed to him again?

ASV: or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again?

YLT: or who did first give to Him, and it shall be given back to him again?

Exposition: Romans 11:35 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again?'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.

Romans 11:36

Greek

ὅτι ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ διʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ πάντα· αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, ἀμήν.

oti ex aytoy kai di aytoy kai eis ayton ta panta· ayto e doxa eis toys aionas, amen.

KJV: For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.

AKJV: For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.

ASV: For of him, and through him, and unto him, are all things. To him be the glory for ever. Amen.

YLT: because of Him, and through Him, and to Him are the all things; to Him is the glory--to the ages. Amen.

Exposition: Romans 11:36 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.

Apologetics Notes

• Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.

• Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.

• Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.