Apologetics Bible
Read Scripture with the original-language, translation, commentary, and apologetics layers kept close to the text.
Scripture-first study surface. Data layers support reading; they do not replace prayer, context, humility, or the text itself.
Four study layers kept near the text.
The reader keeps Scripture first, then brings original-language notes, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition into an ordered study path without letting the tools outrank the passage.
Hebrew and Greek source shelves sit near the passage with transliteration and morphology notes where the source data is available.
A broad translation-comparison set brings KJV, ASV, YLT, BSB, Darby, and many other renderings near the verse so wording differences can be studied carefully.
Historical witness notes appear where source coverage is available, helping readers compare older interpreters without replacing the passage.
Apologetics exposition helps trace how passages function in canonical argument, what doctrinal claims they touch, and how themes connect across the 66 books.
Open a passage.
Read the text first, then compare available translations, words, witness notes, and defense notes.
Type a Bible reference, then jump into the reader.
Choose a layer, then the reader opens that study surface near the passage.
Summary first. Then the depth.
Each chapter starts with the passage, then keeps the supporting study layers close enough to check without replacing the text.
Book framing comes before the notes: title, placement, authorship questions, and why the passage matters.
The chapter text stays first. Supporting source shelves sit after the passage.
Original language, translation comparison, commentary witness, and apologetics exposition stay grouped around the passage when the supporting data is available.
Start with the passage. Use the tools after the text.
The reader keeps translations, source shelves, original-language data, and verse-linked notes close to Scripture. Open Bible Data for the public shelves, or bring a careful question to DaveAI later.
Read the Word before every witness.
Open the chapter itself first. Summaries, verse waypoints, ancient witnesses, cross-references, and the citation apparatus are here to serve the Word YHWH has given, never to outrank it.
The Bible is the authority here. Notes, languages, witnesses, and defenses sit below the text as servants of faithful study.
Receive the chapter frame
Paul wrote Romans c. AD 56-57 from Corinth as a systematic theological letter to the Roman church he had not yet visited. It is the most theologically complete treatment of the gospel in the NT — presenting sin's universal dominion (1:18-3:20), justification by faith (3:21-5:21), sanctification (6-8), Israel's place in redemption (9-11), and practical ethics (12-16).
Move with reverence
Move carefully to the section you need
Connected primary witness
- Connected ID:
Romans_15
- Primary Witness Text: We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves. Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edification. For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me. For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope. Now the God of patience and consolation grant you to be likeminded one toward another according to Christ Jesus: That ye may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. Wherefore receive ye one another, as Christ also received us to the glory of God. Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers: And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name. And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people. And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and laud him, all ye people. And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust. Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost. And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye also are full of goodness, f...
Connected dataset overlay
- Connected ID:
Romans_15
- Chapter Blob Preview: We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves. Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edification. For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me. For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patien...
Chapter frameStart here before opening notes.
Chapter frame
Paul wrote Romans c. AD 56-57 from Corinth as a systematic theological letter to the Roman church he had not yet visited. It is the most theologically complete treatment of the gospel in the NT — presenting sin's universal dominion (1:18-3:20), justification by faith (3:21-5:21), sanctification (6-8), Israel's place in redemption (9-11), and practical ethics (12-16).
Romans 3:21-26 contains the most compressed and precise statement of the doctrine of justification in all of Scripture — eight verses that launched the Protestant Reformation and remain the theological core of evangelical Christianity.
Verse-by-verse study laneOpen only when you are ready for notes and witnesses.
Verse-by-verse study lane
Romans 15:1
Greek
Ὀφείλομεν δὲ ἡμεῖς οἱ δυνατοὶ τὰ ἀσθενήματα τῶν ἀδυνάτων βαστάζειν, καὶ μὴ ἑαυτοῖς ἀρέσκειν.Opheilomen de emeis oi dynatoi ta asthenemata ton adynaton bastazein, kai me eaytois areskein.
KJV: We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves.
AKJV: We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves.
ASV: Now we that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves.
YLT: And we ought--we who are strong--to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves;
Exposition: Romans 15:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:2
Greek
ἕκαστος ἡμῶν τῷ πλησίον ἀρεσκέτω εἰς τὸ ἀγαθὸν πρὸς οἰκοδομήν·ekastos emon to plesion aresketo eis to agathon pros oikodomen·
KJV: Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edification.
AKJV: Let every one of us please his neighbor for his good to edification.
ASV: Let each one of us please his neighbor for that which is good, unto edifying.
YLT: for let each one of us please the neighbour for good, unto edification,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:2Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:2
Verse 2 Let every one of us please his neighbor - For it should be a maxim with each of us to do all in our power to please our brethren; and especially in those things in which their spiritual edification is concerned. Though we should not indulge men in mere whims and caprices, yet we should bear with their ignorance and their weakness, knowing that others had much to bear with from us before we came to our present advanced state of religious knowledge.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Romans 15:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edification.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:3
Greek
καὶ γὰρ ὁ Χριστὸς οὐχ ἑαυτῷ ἤρεσεν· ἀλλὰ καθὼς γέγραπται· Οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε ἐπέπεσαν ἐπʼ ἐμέ.kai gar o Christos oych eayto eresen· alla kathos gegraptai· Oi oneidismoi ton oneidizonton se epepesan ep eme.
KJV: For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me.
AKJV: For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached you fell on me.
ASV: For Christ also pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell upon me.
YLT: for even the Christ did not please himself, but, according as it hath been written, `The reproaches of those reproaching Thee fell upon me;'
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:3
Verse 3 For even Christ pleased not himself - Christ never acted as one who sought his own ease or profit; he not only bore with the weakness, but with the insults, of his creatures; as it is written in Psa 69:9 : The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me - I not only bore their insults, but bore the punishment due to them for their vicious and abominable conduct. That this Psalm refers to the Messiah and his sufferings for mankind is evident, not only from the quotation here, but also from Joh 19:28, Joh 19:29, when our Lord's receiving the vinegar during his expiatory suffering is said to be a fulfilling of the scripture, viz. of Psa 69:21 of this very Psalm; and his cleansing the temple, Joh 2:15-17, is said to be a fulfillment of Psa 69:9 : For the zeal of thy house hath eaten me up, the former part of which verse the apostle quotes here.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Joh 19:28
- Joh 19:29
- Joh 2:15-17
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Psalm
Exposition: Romans 15:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:4
Greek
ὅσα γὰρ προεγράφη, ⸀εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν διδασκαλίαν ⸀ἐγράφη, ἵνα διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως τῶν γραφῶν τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχωμεν.osa gar proegraphe, eis ten emeteran didaskalian egraphe, ina dia tes ypomones kai dia tes parakleseos ton graphon ten elpida echomen.
KJV: For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.
AKJV: For whatever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.
ASV: For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that through patience and through comfort of the scriptures we might have hope.
YLT: for, as many things as were written before, for our instruction were written before, that through the endurance, and the exhortation of the Writings, we might have the hope.
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:4
Verse 4 For whatsoever things were written aforetime - This refers not only to the quotation from the 69th Psalm, but to all the Old Testament scriptures; for it can be to no other scriptures that the apostle alludes. And, from what he says here of them, we learn that God had not intended them merely for those generations in which they were first delivered, but for the instruction of all the succeeding generations of mankind. That we, through patience and comfort of the scriptures - that we, through those remarkable examples of patience exhibited by the saints and followers of God, whose history is given in those scriptures, and the comfort which they derived from God in their patient endurance of sufferings brought upon them through their faithful attachment to truth and righteousness, might have hope that we shall be upheld and blessed as they were, and our sufferings become the means of our greater advances in faith and holiness, and consequently our hope of eternal glory be the more confirmed. Some think that the word παρακλησις, which we translate comfort, should be rendered exhortation; but there is certainly no need here to leave the usual acceptation of the term, as the word comfort makes a regular and consistent sense with the rest of the verse.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Psalm
- And
Exposition: Romans 15:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:5
Greek
ὁ δὲ θεὸς τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως δῴη ὑμῖν τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν ἐν ἀλλήλοις κατὰ ⸂Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν⸃,o de theos tes ypomones kai tes parakleseos doe ymin to ayto phronein en allelois kata Christon Iesoyn,
KJV: Now the God of patience and consolation grant you to be likeminded one toward another according to Christ Jesus:
AKJV: Now the God of patience and consolation grant you to be like minded one toward another according to Christ Jesus:
ASV: Now the God of patience and of comfort grant you to be of the same mind one with another according to Christ Jesus:
YLT: And may the God of the endurance, and of the exhortation, give to you to have the same mind toward one another, according to Christ Jesus;
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:5
Verse 5 Now the God of patience and consolation - May that God who endued them with patience, and gave them the consolation that supported them in all their trials and afflictions, grant you to be like-minded - give you the same mode of thinking, and the same power of acting towards each other, according to the example of Christ.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Christ
Exposition: Romans 15:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now the God of patience and consolation grant you to be likeminded one toward another according to Christ Jesus:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:6
Greek
ἵνα ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐν ἑνὶ στόματι δοξάζητε τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.ina omothymadon en eni stomati doxazete ton theon kai patera toy kyrioy emon Iesoy Christoy.
KJV: That ye may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
AKJV: That you may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
ASV: that with one accord ye may with one mouth glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
YLT: that with one accord--with one mouth--ye may glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ;
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:6Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:6
Verse 6 That ye - Jews and Gentiles - may with one mind - Thinking the same things, and bearing with each other, after the example of Christ; and one mouth, in all your religious assemblies, without jarring or contentions, glorify God for calling you into such a state of salvation, and showing himself to be your loving compassionate Father, as he is the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. It is very likely that the apostle refers here to religious acts in public worship, which might have been greatly interrupted by the dissensions between the converted Jews and the converted Gentiles; these differences he labors to compose; and, after having done all that was necessary in the way of instruction and exhortation, he now pours out his soul to God, who alone could rule and manage the heart, that he would enable them to think the same things, to be of the same judgment, and that all, feeling their obligation to him, might join in the sweetest harmony in every act of religious worship.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesus
- Christ
- Father
- Lord Jesus Christ
- Gentiles
Exposition: Romans 15:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That ye may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:7
Greek
Διὸ προσλαμβάνεσθε ἀλλήλους, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς προσελάβετο ⸀ὑμᾶς, εἰς δόξαν ⸀τοῦ θεοῦ.Dio proslambanesthe alleloys, kathos kai o Christos proselabeto ymas, eis doxan toy theoy.
KJV: Wherefore receive ye one another, as Christ also received us to the glory of God.
AKJV: Why receive you one another, as Christ also received us to the glory of God.
ASV: Wherefore receive ye one another, even as Christ also received you, to the glory of God.
YLT: wherefore receive ye one another, according as also the Christ did receive us, to the glory of God.
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:7
Verse 7 Wherefore receive ye one another - Προσλαμβανεσθε Have the most affectionate regard for each other, and acknowledge each other as the servants and children of God Almighty. As Christ also received us - Καθως και ὁ Χριστος προσελαβετο ἡμας· In the same manner, and with the same cordial affection, as Christ has received us into communion with himself, and has made us partakers of such inestimable blessings, condescending to be present in all our assemblies. And as Christ has received us thus to the glory of God, so should we, Jews and Gentiles, cordially receive each other, that God's glory may be promoted by our harmony and brotherly love.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- God Almighty
- Gentiles
Exposition: Romans 15:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Wherefore receive ye one another, as Christ also received us to the glory of God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:8
Greek
λέγω ⸀γὰρ ⸀Χριστὸν διάκονον ⸀γεγενῆσθαι περιτομῆς ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας τῶν πατέρων,lego gar Christon diakonon gegenesthai peritomes yper aletheias theoy, eis to bebaiosai tas epaggelias ton pateron,
KJV: Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers:
AKJV: Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made to the fathers:
ASV: For I say that Christ hath been made a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, that he might confirm the promises given unto the fathers,
YLT: And I say Jesus Christ to have become a ministrant of circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises to the fathers,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:8
Verse 8 Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision - To show the Gentiles the propriety of bearing with the scrupulous Jews, he shows them here that they were under the greatest obligations to this people; to whom, in the days of his flesh, Jesus Christ confined his ministry; giving the world to see that he allowed the claim of the Jews as having the first right to the blessings of the Gospel. And he confined his ministry thus to the Jews, to confirm the truth of God, contained in the promises made unto the patriarchs; for God had declared that thus it should be; and Jesus Christ, by coming according to the promise, has fulfilled this truth, by making good the promises: therefore, salvation is of the Jews, as a kind of right conveyed to them through the promises made to their fathers. But this salvation was not exclusively designed for the Jewish people; as God by his prophets had repeatedly declared.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesus
- Jews
- Gospel
- Jesus Christ
Exposition: Romans 15:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:9
Greek
τὰ δὲ ἔθνη ὑπὲρ ἐλέους δοξάσαι τὸν θεόν· καθὼς γέγραπται· Διὰ τοῦτο ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι ἐν ἔθνεσι, καὶ τῷ ὀνόματί σου ψαλῶ.ta de ethne yper eleoys doxasai ton theon· kathos gegraptai· Dia toyto exomologesomai soi en ethnesi, kai to onomati soy psalo.
KJV: And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name.
AKJV: And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, For this cause I will confess to you among the Gentiles, and sing to your name.
ASV: and that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, Therefore will I give praise unto thee among the Gentiles,
YLT: and the nations for kindness to glorify God, according as it hath been written, `Because of this I will confess to Thee among nations, and to Thy name I will sing praise,'
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:9
Verse 9 And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy - As the Jews were to glorify God for his truth, so the Gentiles were to glorify God for his mercy. The Jews received the blessings of the Gospel by right of promise, which promise God had most punctually and circumstantially fulfilled. The Gentiles had received the same Gospel as an effect of God's mere mercy, having no right in consequence of any promise or engagement made with any of their ancestors, though they were originally included in the covenant made with Abraham; and the prophets had repeatedly declared that they should be made equal partakers of those blessings with the Jews themselves; as the apostle proceeds to prove. I will confess to thee among the Gentiles - This quotation is taken from Psa 18:49, and shows that the Gentiles had a right to glorify God for his mercy to them; and we shall see the strength of this saying farther, when we consider a maxim of the Jews delivered in Megillah, fol. 14: "From the time that the children of Israel entered into the promised land, no Gentile had any right to sing a hymn of praise to God. But after that the Israelites were led into captivity, then the Gentiles began to have a right to glorify God." Thus the Jews themselves confess that the Gentiles have a right to glorify God; and this on account of being made partakers of his grace and mercy. And if, says Schoettgen, we have a right to glorify God, then it follows that our worship must be pleasing to him; and if it be pleasing to him, then it follows that this worship must be good, otherwise God could not be pleased with it. Dr. Taylor gives a good paraphrase of this and the three following verses: As you Jews glorify God for his truth, so the Gentiles have a right to join with you in glorifying God for his mercy. And you have Scripture authority for admitting them to such fellowship; for instance, David says, Psa 18:49, Therefore will I give thanks unto thee, O Lord, among the Gentiles, and sing praises unto thy name. And again, Moses himself says, Deu 32:43, Rejoice, O ye Gentiles, with his people. And again, it is evident, from Psa 117:1, Psa 117:2, that praise to God is not to be confined to the Jews only, but that all people, as they all share in his goodness, should also join in thanks to their common benefactor: O praise the Lord, all ye nations, (Gentiles), praise him all ye people; for his merciful kindness is great towards us; and the truth of the Lord endureth for ever. Again the Prophet Isaiah expressly and clearly declares, Isa 11:10, There shall be a root of Jesse, (that is, the Messiah), and he shall rise to reign over the Gentiles, and in him shall the Gentiles hope: ελπιουσιν· And thus the apostle proves, both to the Jews and to the Gentiles, who were probably unwilling to join with each other in religious fellowship, that they had both an equal right to glorify God, being equally interested in his mercy, goodness, and truth; and that, from the evidence of the above scriptures, the Gentiles had as much right to hope in Christ, for the full enjoyment of his kingdom, as the Jews had: and, taking occasion from the last word hope, ελπιουσιν, which we improperly translate trust, he pours out his heart in the following affectionate prayer.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Isa 11:10
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Moses
- Abraham
- Megillah
- Schoettgen
- Dr
- Lord
- Gentiles
- Rejoice
- Jesse
- Christ
Exposition: Romans 15:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:10
Greek
καὶ πάλιν λέγει· Εὐφράνθητε, ἔθνη, μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ.kai palin legei· Eyphranthete, ethne, meta toy laoy aytoy.
KJV: And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people.
AKJV: And again he says, Rejoice, you Gentiles, with his people.
ASV: And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people.
YLT: and again it saith, `Rejoice ye nations, with His people;'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Romans 15:10Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Romans 15:10
Romans 15:10 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Romans 15:10
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Rejoice
- Gentiles
Exposition: Romans 15:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:11
Greek
καὶ πάλιν· Αἰνεῖτε, ⸂πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, τὸν κύριον⸃, καὶ ⸀ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ λαοί.kai palin· Aineite, panta ta ethne, ton kyrion, kai epainesatosan ayton pantes oi laoi.
KJV: And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and laud him, all ye people.
AKJV: And again, Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles; and laud him, all you people.
ASV: And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles;
YLT: and again, `Praise the Lord, all ye nations; and laud Him, all ye peoples;'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Romans 15:11Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Romans 15:11
Romans 15:11 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and laud him, all ye people.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Romans 15:11
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Lord
- Gentiles
Exposition: Romans 15:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and laud him, all ye people.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:12
Greek
καὶ πάλιν Ἠσαΐας λέγει· Ἔσται ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ἰεσσαί, καὶ ὁ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν· ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν.kai palin Esaias legei· Estai e riza toy Iessai, kai o anistamenos archein ethnon· ep ayto ethne elpioysin.
KJV: And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust.
AKJV: And again, Isaiah says, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust.
ASV: And again, Isaiah saith, There shall be the root of Jesse,
YLT: and again, Isaiah saith, `There shall be the root of Jesse, and he who is rising to rule nations--upon him shall nations hope;'
Commentary Witness (Generated)Romans 15:12Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Romans 15:12
Romans 15:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Romans 15:12
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesse
- Gentiles
Exposition: Romans 15:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:13
Greek
ὁ δὲ θεὸς τῆς ἐλπίδος πληρώσαι ὑμᾶς πάσης χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης ἐν τῷ πιστεύειν, εἰς τὸ περισσεύειν ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἐλπίδι ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου.o de theos tes elpidos plerosai ymas pases charas kai eirenes en to pisteyein, eis to perisseyein ymas en te elpidi en dynamei pneymatos agioy.
KJV: Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost.
AKJV: Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that you may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost.
ASV: Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, in the power of the Holy Spirit.
YLT: and the God of the hope shall fill you with all joy and peace in the believing, for your abounding in the hope in power of the Holy Spirit.
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:13
Verse 13 Now the God of hope, etc. - Ὁ δε Θεος της ελπιδος, May the God of this hope - that God who caused both Jews and Gentiles to hope that the gracious promises which he made to them should be fulfilled; and who, accordingly, has fulfilled them in the most punctual and circumstantial manner; Fill you with all joy - Give you true spiritual happiness; peace in your own hearts, and unity among yourselves; in believing not only the promises which he has given you, but believing in Christ Jesus, in whom all the promises are yea and amen. That ye may abound in hope - That ye may be excited to take more enlarged views of the salvation which God has provided for you, and have all your expectations fulfilled by the power of the Holy Ghost, enabling you to hope and believe; and then sealing the fulfillment of the promises upon your hearts.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ovid
- Jesus
- Christ Jesus
- Holy Ghost
Exposition: Romans 15:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:14
Greek
Πέπεισμαι δέ, ἀδελφοί μου, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ περὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι καὶ αὐτοὶ μεστοί ἐστε ἀγαθωσύνης, πεπληρωμένοι ⸀πάσης γνώσεως, δυνάμενοι καὶ ⸀ἀλλήλους νουθετεῖν.Pepeismai de, adelphoi moy, kai aytos ego peri ymon, oti kai aytoi mestoi este agathosynes, pepleromenoi pases gnoseos, dynamenoi kai alleloys noythetein.
KJV: And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye also are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another.
AKJV: And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brothers, that you also are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another.
ASV: And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye yourselves are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another.
YLT: And I am persuaded, my brethren--I myself also--concerning you, that ye yourselves also are full of goodness, having been filled with all knowledge, able also one another to admonish;
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:14Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:14
Verse 14 And I - am persuaded of you - This is supposed to be an address to the Gentiles; and it is managed with great delicacy: he seems to apologize for the freedom he had used in writing to them; which he gives them to understand proceeded from the authority he had received by his apostolical office, the exercise of which office respected them particularly. So they could not be offended when they found themselves so particularly distinguished. Ye - are full of goodness - Instead of αγαθωσυνης, goodness, some MSS. of good repute have αγαπης, love. In this connection both words seem to mean nearly the same thing. They were so full of goodness and love that they were disposed, of themselves, to follow any plan that might be devised, in order to bring about the most perfect understanding between them and their Jewish brethren. Filled with all knowledge - So completely instructed in the mind and design of God, relative to their calling, and the fruit which they were to bring forth to the glory of God, that they were well qualified to give one another suitable exhortations on every important point. Instead of αλληλους, one another, several MSS. have αλλους, others, which gives a clearer sense: for, if they were all filled with knowledge, there was little occasion for them to admonish one another; but by this they were well qualified to admonish others - to impart the wisdom they had to those who were less instructed.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Gentiles
Exposition: Romans 15:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye also are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:15
Greek
⸀τολμηρότερον δὲ ἔγραψα ⸀ὑμῖν ἀπὸ μέρους, ὡς ἐπαναμιμνῄσκων ὑμᾶς, διὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι ⸀ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦtolmeroteron de egrapsa ymin apo meroys, os epanamimneskon ymas, dia ten charin ten dotheisan moi ypo toy theoy
KJV: Nevertheless, brethren, I have written the more boldly unto you in some sort, as putting you in mind, because of the grace that is given to me of God,
AKJV: Nevertheless, brothers, I have written the more boldly to you in some sort, as putting you in mind, because of the grace that is given to me of God,
ASV: But I write the more boldly unto you in some measure, as putting you again in remembrance, because of the grace that was given me of God,
YLT: and the more boldly I did write to you, brethren, in part, as putting you in mind, because of the grace that is given to me by God,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:15
Verse 15 Nevertheless - I have written - Not withstanding I have this conviction of your extensive knowledge in the things of God, I have made bold to write to you in some sort, απο μερους, to a party among you, as some learned men translate the words, who stand more in need of such instructions than the others; and I do this, because of the grace, δια την χαριν - because of the office which I have received from God, namely, to be the apostle of the Gentiles. This authority gave him full right to say, advise, or enjoin any thing which he judged to be of importance to their spiritual interests. This subject he pursues farther in the following verse.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Gentiles
Exposition: Romans 15:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Nevertheless, brethren, I have written the more boldly unto you in some sort, as putting you in mind, because of the grace that is given to me of God,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:16
Greek
εἰς τὸ εἶναί με λειτουργὸν ⸂Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ⸃ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, ἱερουργοῦντα τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα γένηται ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν εὐπρόσδεκτος, ἡγιασμένη ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.eis to einai me leitoyrgon Christoy Iesoy eis ta ethne, ieroyrgoynta to eyaggelion toy theoy, ina genetai e prosphora ton ethnon eyprosdektos, egiasmene en pneymati agio.
KJV: That I should be the minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost.
AKJV: That I should be the minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost.
ASV: that I should be a minister of Christ Jesus unto the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be made acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Spirit.
YLT: for my being a servant of Jesus Christ to the nations, acting as priest in the good news of God, that the offering up of the nations may become acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit.
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:16
Verse 16 Ministering the Gospel of God - Ἱερουργουντα, Acting as a priest. Here is a plain allusion, says Dr. Whitby, to the Jewish sacrifices offered by the priest, and sanctified or made acceptable by the libamen offered with them; for he compares himself, in preaching the Gospel, to the priest performing his sacred functions - preparing his sacrifice to be offered. The Gentiles, converted by him and dedicated to the service of God, are his sacrifices and oblation. The Holy Spirit is the libamen poured upon this sacrifice, by which it was sanctified and rendered acceptable to God. The words of Isaiah, Isa 66:20, And they shall bring all your brethren for an Offering unto the Lord, out of all Nations, might have suggested the above idea to the mind of the apostle.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Isa 66:20
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Dr
- Whitby
- Gospel
- The Gentiles
- Isaiah
- Lord
- Nations
Exposition: Romans 15:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That I should be the minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:17
Greek
ἔχω οὖν ⸀τὴν καύχησιν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν·echo oyn ten kaychesin en Christo Iesoy ta pros ton theon·
KJV: I have therefore whereof I may glory through Jesus Christ in those things which pertain to God.
AKJV: I have therefore whereof I may glory through Jesus Christ in those things which pertain to God.
ASV: I have therefore my glorying in Christ Jesus in things pertaining to God.
YLT: I have, then, a boasting in Christ Jesus, in the things pertaining to God,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:17
Verse 17 I here therefore whereof I may glory - Being sent of God on this most honorable and important errand, I have matter of great exultation, not only in the honor which he has conferred upon me, but in the great success with which he has crowned my ministry.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: Romans 15:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I have therefore whereof I may glory through Jesus Christ in those things which pertain to God.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:18
Greek
οὐ γὰρ τολμήσω ⸂τι λαλεῖν⸃ ὧν οὐ κατειργάσατο Χριστὸς διʼ ἐμοῦ εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν, λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ,oy gar tolmeso ti lalein on oy kateirgasato Christos di emoy eis ypakoen ethnon, logo kai ergo,
KJV: For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ hath not wrought by me, to make the Gentiles obedient, by word and deed,
AKJV: For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ has not worked by me, to make the Gentiles obedient, by word and deed,
ASV: For I will not dare to speak of any things save those which Christ wrought through me, for the obedience of the Gentiles, by word and deed,
YLT: for I will not dare to speak anything of the things that Christ did not work through me, to obedience of nations, by word and deed,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:18Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:18
Verse 18 For I will not dare to speak - If the thing were not as I have stated it, I would not dare to arrogate to myself honors which did not belong to me. But God has made me the apostle of the Gentiles; and the conversion of the Gentiles is the fruit of my ministry, Christ having wrought by me for this purpose. By word and deed - Αογῳ και εργῳ· These words may refer to the doctrines which he taught and to the miracles which he wrought among them. So they became obedient to the doctrines, on the evidence of the miracles with which they were accompanied.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:18
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Gentiles
Exposition: Romans 15:18 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ hath not wrought by me, to make the Gentiles obedient, by word and deed,'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:19
Greek
ἐν δυνάμει σημείων καὶ τεράτων, ἐν δυνάμει ⸀πνεύματος· ὥστε με ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ κύκλῳ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ πεπληρωκέναι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ,en dynamei semeion kai teraton, en dynamei pneymatos· oste me apo Ieroysalem kai kyklo mechri toy Illyrikoy peplerokenai to eyaggelion toy Christoy,
KJV: Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.
AKJV: Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about to Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.
ASV: in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Holy Spirit; so that from Jerusalem, and round about even unto Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ;
YLT: in power of signs and wonders, in power of the Spirit of God; so that I, from Jerusalem, and in a circle as far as Illyricum, have fully preached the good news of the Christ;
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:19Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:19
Verse 19 Through mighty signs and wonders - This more fully explains the preceding clause: through the power of the Holy Ghost he was enabled to work among the Gentiles mighty signs and wonders; so that they were fully convinced that both his doctrine and mission were Divine; and therefore they cheerfully received the Gospel of the Lord Jesus. Round about unto Illyricum - Among ancient writers this place has gone by a great variety of names, Illyria, Illyrica, Illyricum, Illyris, and Illyrium. It is a country of Europe, extending from the Adriatic gulf to Pannonia: according to Pliny, it extended from the river Arsia to the river Drinius, thus including Liburnia on the west, and Dalmatia on the east. Its precise limits have not been determined by either ancient or modern geographers. It seems, according to an inscription in Gruter, to have been divided by Augustus into two provinces, the upper and lower. It now forms part of Croatia, Bosnia, Istria, and Slavonia. When the apostle says that he preached the Gospel from Jerusalem round about to Illyricum, he intends his land journeys chiefly; and, by looking at the map annexed to the Acts of the Apostles, the reader will see that from Jerusalem the apostle went round the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, and that he passed through Syria, Phoenicia, Arabia, Cilicia, Pamphylia, Pisidia, Lycaonia, Galatia, Pontus, Paphlagonia, Phrygia, Troas, Asia, Caria, Lycia, Ionia, Lydia, Thrace, Macedonia, Thessaly, and Achaia; besides the isles of Cyprus and Crete. And no doubt he visited many other places which are not mentioned in the New Testament. I have fully preached the Gospel - Πεπληρωκεναι το ευαγγελιον, I have successfully preached - I have not only proclaimed the word, but made converts and founded Churches. See the note on Mat 5:17, where this sense of the word πληρουν is noticed; for it signifies not only fully or perfectly, but also to teach with prosperity and success.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:19
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Mat 5:17
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesus
- Divine
- Lord Jesus
- Illyria
- Illyrica
- Illyricum
- Illyris
- Illyrium
- Europe
- Pannonia
- Pliny
- Drinius
- Gruter
- Croatia
- Bosnia
- Istria
- Slavonia
- Apostles
- Mediterranean Sea
- Syria
- Phoenicia
- Arabia
- Cilicia
- Pamphylia
- Pisidia
- Lycaonia
- Galatia
- Pontus
- Paphlagonia
- Phrygia
- Troas
- Asia
- Caria
- Lycia
- Ionia
- Lydia
- Thrace
- Macedonia
- Thessaly
- Achaia
- Crete
- New Testament
- Churches
Exposition: Romans 15:19 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:20
Greek
οὕτως δὲ ⸀φιλοτιμούμενον εὐαγγελίζεσθαι οὐχ ὅπου ὠνομάσθη Χριστός, ἵνα μὴ ἐπʼ ἀλλότριον θεμέλιον οἰκοδομῶ,oytos de philotimoymenon eyaggelizesthai oych opoy onomasthe Christos, ina me ep allotrion themelion oikodomo,
KJV: Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build upon another man’s foundation:
AKJV: Yes, so have I strived to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build on another man’s foundation:
ASV: yea, making it my aim so to preach the gospel, not where Christ was already named, that I might not build upon another man’s foundation;
YLT: and so counting it honour to proclaim good news, not where Christ was named--that upon another's foundation I might not build--
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:20Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:20
Verse 20 So have I strived to preach the Gospel - Οὑτω δε φιλοτιμουμενον· For I have considered it my honor to preach the Gospel where that Gospel was before unknown. This is the proper import of the word φιλοτιμεισθαι; from φιλος, a friend, and τιμη, honor. As I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, so I esteem it an honor to preach it, and especially to proclaim it among the heathen; not building on another man's foundation - not watering what another apostle had planted; but cheerfully exposing myself to all kinds of dangers and hardships, in order to found new Churches.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:20
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Christ
- Churches
Exposition: Romans 15:20 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build upon another man’s foundation:'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:21
Greek
ἀλλὰ καθὼς γέγραπται· ⸂Οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ αὐτοῦ ὄψονται⸃, καὶ οἳ οὐκ ἀκηκόασιν συνήσουσιν.alla kathos gegraptai· Ois oyk aneggele peri aytoy opsontai, kai oi oyk akekoasin synesoysin.
KJV: But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: and they that have not heard shall understand.
AKJV: But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: and they that have not heard shall understand.
ASV: but, as it is written, They shall see, to whom no tidings of him came,
YLT: but according as it hath been written, `To whom it was not told concerning him, they shall see; and they who have not heard, shall understand.'
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:21Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:21
Verse 21 But as it is written - These words, quoted from Isa 52:15, the apostle applies to his own conduct; not that the words themselves predicted what Paul had done, but that he endeavored to fulfill such a declaration by his manner of preaching the Gospel to the heathen.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:21
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Isa 52:15
Exposition: Romans 15:21 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: and they that have not heard shall understand.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:22
Greek
Διὸ καὶ ἐνεκοπτόμην τὰ πολλὰ τοῦ ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς·Dio kai enekoptomen ta polla toy elthein pros ymas·
KJV: For which cause also I have been much hindered from coming to you.
AKJV: For which cause also I have been much hindered from coming to you.
ASV: Wherefore also I was hindered these many times from coming to you:
YLT: Wherefore, also, I was hindered many times from coming unto you,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:22Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:22
Verse 22 For which cause, etc. - My considering it a point of honor to build on no other man's foundation; and, finding that the Gospel has been long ago planted at Rome, I have been prevented from going thither, purposing rather to spend my time and strength in preaching where Christ has not, as yet, been proclaimed.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:22
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Rome
Exposition: Romans 15:22 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For which cause also I have been much hindered from coming to you.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:23
Greek
νυνὶ δὲ μηκέτι τόπον ἔχων ἐν τοῖς κλίμασι τούτοις, ἐπιποθίαν δὲ ἔχων τοῦ ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ ⸀ἱκανῶν ἐτῶν,nyni de meketi topon echon en tois klimasi toytois, epipothian de echon toy elthein pros ymas apo ikanon eton,
KJV: But now having no more place in these parts, and having a great desire these many years to come unto you;
AKJV: But now having no more place in these parts, and having a great desire these many years to come to you;
ASV: but now, having no more any place in these regions, and having these many years a longing to come unto you,
YLT: and now, no longer having place in these parts, and having a longing to come unto you for many years,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:23Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:23
Verse 23 But - having no more place in these parts - Having nothing farther at present that I can do - for τοπον εχειν signifies not merely to have a place of residence, or the like, but convenience, opportunity; which is a frequent meaning of the phrase among the best Greek writers - having no large place or city, where Christianity has not yet been planted, in which I can introduce the Gospel. The apostle was then at Corinth; and having evangelized all those parts, he had no opportunity of breaking up any new ground.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:23
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Gospel
- Corinth
Exposition: Romans 15:23 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But now having no more place in these parts, and having a great desire these many years to come unto you;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:24
Greek
ὡς ⸀ἂν πορεύωμαι εἰς τὴν ⸀Σπανίαν, ἐλπίζω γὰρ διαπορευόμενος θεάσασθαι ὑμᾶς καὶ ὑφʼ ὑμῶν προπεμφθῆναι ἐκεῖ ἐὰν ὑμῶν πρῶτον ἀπὸ μέρους ἐμπλησθῶ—os an poreyomai eis ten Spanian, elpizo gar diaporeyomenos theasasthai ymas kai yph ymon propemphthenai ekei ean ymon proton apo meroys emplestho
KJV: Whensoever I take my journey into Spain, I will come to you: for I trust to see you in my journey, and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first I be somewhat filled with your company.
AKJV: Whenever I take my journey into Spain, I will come to you: for I trust to see you in my journey, and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first I be somewhat filled with your company.
ASV: whensoever I go unto Spain (for I hope to see you in my journey, and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first in some measure I shall have been satisfied with your company)—
YLT: when I may go on to Spain I will come unto you, for I hope in going through, to see you, and by you to be set forward thither, if of you first, in part, I shall be filled.
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:24Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:24
Verse 24 Whensoever I take my journey into Spain - Where it is very likely the Gospel had not yet been planted; though legendary tales inform us that St. James had planted the Gospel there long before this time, and had founded many bishoprics! But this is as unfounded as it is ridiculous and absurd; for nothing like what is now termed a bishopric, nor even a parish, was founded for many years after this. An itinerant preacher, might, with more propriety, say travelling circuits were formed, rather than bishoprics. Whether the apostle ever fulfilled his design of going to Spain is unknown; but there is no evidence whatever that he did, and the presumption is that he did not undertake this voyage. Antiquity affords no proof that he fulfilled his intention. I will come to you - Ελευσο μαιπρος ὑμας. These words are wanting in almost every MS. of note, and in the Syriac of Erpen, Coptic, Vulgate, Ethiopic, Armenian, and Itala. If the first clause of this verse be read in connection with the latter clause of the preceding, it will fully appear that this rejected clause is useless. Having a great desire, these many years to come unto you whensoever I take my journey into Spain: for I trust to see you in my journey, etc. Somewhat filled with your company - The word εμπλησθω, which we translate filled, would be better rendered gratified; for εμπλησθηναι signifies to be satisfied, to be gratified, and to enjoy. Aelian., Hist. Anim., lib. v., c. 21, speaking of the peacock spreading out his beautiful plumage, says: εα γαρ εμπλησθηναι της θεος τον παρεστωτα· "He readily permits the spectator to gratify himself by viewing him." And Maximus Tyrius, Dissert. 41, page 413: "That he may behold the heavens, και εμπλησθη λαμπρου φωτος, and be gratified with the splendor of the light." Homer uses the word in the same sense: - Ἡ δ' εμη ουδε περ υἱος ενιπλησθηναι ακοιτις Οφθαλμοισιν εασε Odyss., lib. xi., ver. 451. "But my wife never suffered my eyes to be delighted with my son." The apostle, though he had not the honor of having planted the Church at Rome, yet expected much gratification from the visit which he intended to pay them.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:24
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Vulgate
- St
- Erpen
- Coptic
- Ethiopic
- Armenian
- Itala
- Spain
- Aelian
- Hist
- Anim
- And Maximus Tyrius
- Dissert
- Odyss
- Rome
Exposition: Romans 15:24 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Whensoever I take my journey into Spain, I will come to you: for I trust to see you in my journey, and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first I be somewhat filled with your company.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:25
Greek
νυνὶ δὲ πορεύομαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ διακονῶν τοῖς ἁγίοις.nyni de poreyomai eis Ieroysalem diakonon tois agiois.
KJV: But now I go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints.
AKJV: But now I go to Jerusalem to minister to the saints.
ASV: but now, I say, I go unto Jerusalem, ministering unto the saints.
YLT: And, now, I go on to Jerusalem, ministering to the saints;
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:25Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:25
Verse 25 Now I go unto Jerusalem - From this and the two following verses we learn that the object of his journey to Jerusalem was, to carry a contribution made among the Gentile Christians of Macedonia and Achaia for the relief of the poor Jewish Christians at Jerusalem. About this affair he had taken great pains, as appears from 1Cor 16:1-4; 2 Corinthians 8, and 2Cor 9:1-15. His design in this affair is very evident from 2Cor 9:12, 2Cor 9:13, where he says: The administration of this service not only supplieth the want of the saints, but is abundant also by many thanksgivings unto God; whiles, by the experiment of this ministration, they glorify God for your professed subjection unto the Gospel of Christ, and for your liberal distribution unto them and unto all men. The apostle was in hopes that this liberal contribution, sent by the Gentile Christians who had been converted by St. Paul's ministry, would engage the affections of the Jewish Christians, who had been much prejudiced against the reception of the Gentiles into the Church, without being previously obliged to submit to the yoke of the law. He wished to establish a coalition between the converted Jews and Gentiles, being sensible of its great importance to the spread of the Gospel; and his procuring this contribution was one laudable device to accomplish this good end. And this shows why he so earnestly requests the prayers of the Christians at Rome, that his service which he had for Jerusalem might be accepted of the saints. See Dr. Taylor.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:25
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- 1Cor 16:1-4
- 2Cor 9:1-15
- 2Cor 9:12
- 2Cor 9:13
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Jerusalem
- Christ
- St
- Jewish Christians
- Church
- Gentiles
- Gospel
- Rome
- See Dr
- Taylor
Exposition: Romans 15:25 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'But now I go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:26
Greek
εὐδόκησαν γὰρ Μακεδονία καὶ Ἀχαΐα κοινωνίαν τινὰ ποιήσασθαι εἰς τοὺς πτωχοὺς τῶν ἁγίων τῶν ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ.eydokesan gar Makedonia kai Achaia koinonian tina poiesasthai eis toys ptochoys ton agion ton en Ieroysalem.
KJV: For it hath pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem.
AKJV: For it has pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem.
ASV: For it hath been the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor among the saints that are at Jerusalem.
YLT: for it pleased Macedonia and Achaia well to make a certain contribution for the poor of the saints who are in Jerusalem;
Commentary Witness (Generated)Romans 15:26Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
Romans 15:26
Romans 15:26 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'For it hath pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem.'. A close Koine Greek reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:26
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Romans 15:26
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jerusalem
Exposition: Romans 15:26 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For it hath pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:27
Greek
εὐδόκησαν γάρ, καὶ ὀφειλέται ⸂εἰσὶν αὐτῶν⸃· εἰ γὰρ τοῖς πνευματικοῖς αὐτῶν ἐκοινώνησαν τὰ ἔθνη, ὀφείλουσιν καὶ ἐν τοῖς σαρκικοῖς λειτουργῆσαι αὐτοῖς.eydokesan gar, kai opheiletai eisin ayton· ei gar tois pneymatikois ayton ekoinonesan ta ethne, opheiloysin kai en tois sarkikois leitoyrgesai aytois.
KJV: It hath pleased them verily; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to minister unto them in carnal things.
AKJV: It has pleased them truly; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to minister to them in carnal things.
ASV: Yea, it hath been their good pleasure; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to minister unto them in carnal things.
YLT: for it pleased well, and their debtors they are, for if in their spiritual things the nations did participate, they ought also, in the fleshly things, to minister to them.
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:27Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:27
Verse 27 For if the Gentiles have been made partakers, etc. - It was through and by means of the Jews that the Gentiles were brought to the knowledge of God and the Gospel of Christ. These were the spiritual things which they had received; and the pecuniary contribution was the carnal things which the Gentiles were now returning.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:27
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Christ
Exposition: Romans 15:27 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'It hath pleased them verily; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to minister unto them in carnal things.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:28
Greek
τοῦτο οὖν ἐπιτελέσας, καὶ σφραγισάμενος αὐτοῖς τὸν καρπὸν τοῦτον, ἀπελεύσομαι διʼ ὑμῶν ⸀εἰς Σπανίαν·toyto oyn epitelesas, kai sphragisamenos aytois ton karpon toyton, apeleysomai di ymon eis Spanian·
KJV: When therefore I have performed this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will come by you into Spain.
AKJV: When therefore I have performed this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will come by you into Spain.
ASV: When therefore I have accomplished this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will go on by you unto Spain.
YLT: This, then, having finished, and having sealed to them this fruit, I will return through you, to Spain;
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:28Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:28
Verse 28 When, therefore, I have performed this - Service, and have sealed - faithfully delivered up, to them this fruit, of the success of my ministry and of your conversion to God, I will come by you into Spain: this was in his desire; he had fully purposed it, if God should see meet to permit him; but it does not appear that he ever went. See Rom 15:24.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:28
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Rom 15:24
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- When
- Service
- Spain
Exposition: Romans 15:28 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'When therefore I have performed this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will come by you into Spain.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:29
Greek
οἶδα δὲ ὅτι ἐρχόμενος πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν πληρώματι ⸀εὐλογίας Χριστοῦ ἐλεύσομαι.oida de oti erchomenos pros ymas en pleromati eylogias Christoy eleysomai.
KJV: And I am sure that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ.
AKJV: And I am sure that, when I come to you, I shall come in the fullness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ.
ASV: And I know that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of Christ.
YLT: and I have known that coming unto you--in the fulness of the blessing of the good news of Christ I shall come.
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:29Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:29
Verse 29 In the fullness of the blessing of the Gospel of Christ - The words του ευαγγελιου του, of the Gospel, are wanting in almost every MS. of importance. Griesbach has left them out of the text. There is no doubt they should be omitted. The fullness of the blessing of Christ is really more than the fullness of the blessing of the Gospel of Christ. He hoped to come to them not only with the blessing of the Gospel, but endued with the gifts and graces of the Lord Jesus himself; which he was now a constant instrument, in the hand of God, to dispense among those who were converted to the Christian faith.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:29
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jesus
- Gospel
- Christ
Exposition: Romans 15:29 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'And I am sure that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:30
Greek
Παρακαλῶ δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ διὰ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ πνεύματος συναγωνίσασθαί μοι ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ πρὸς τὸν θεόν,Parakalo de ymas, adelphoi, dia toy kyrioy emon Iesoy Christoy kai dia tes agapes toy pneymatos synagonisasthai moi en tais proseychais yper emoy pros ton theon,
KJV: Now I beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus Christ’s sake, and for the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God for me;
AKJV: Now I beseech you, brothers, for the Lord Jesus Christ’s sake, and for the love of the Spirit, that you strive together with me in your prayers to God for me;
ASV: Now I beseech you, brethren, by our Lord Jesus Christ, and by the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God for me;
YLT: And I call upon you, brethren, through our Lord Jesus Christ, and through the love of the Spirit, to strive together with me in the prayers for me unto God,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:30Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:30
Verse 30 For the love of the Spirit - By that love of God which the Holy Spirit sheds abroad in your hearts. That ye strive together - Συναγωνισασθαι That ye agonize with me. He felt that much depended on the success of his present mission to the Christians at Jerusalem, and their acceptance of the charitable contribution which he was bringing with him, in order to conciliate them to the reception of the Gentiles into the Church of God without obliging them to submit to circumcision.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:30
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Jerusalem
Exposition: Romans 15:30 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now I beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus Christ’s sake, and for the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God for me;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:31
Greek
ἵνα ῥυσθῶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀπειθούντων ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ⸀καὶ ἡ διακονία μου ἡ εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ εὐπρόσδεκτος ⸂τοῖς ἁγίοις γένηται⸃,ina rystho apo ton apeithoynton en te Ioydaia kai e diakonia moy e eis Ieroysalem eyprosdektos tois agiois genetai,
KJV: That I may be delivered from them that do not believe in Judea; and that my service which I have for Jerusalem may be accepted of the saints;
AKJV: That I may be delivered from them that do not believe in Judaea; and that my service which I have for Jerusalem may be accepted of the saints;
ASV: that I may be delivered from them that are disobedient in Judæa, and that my ministration which I have for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints;
YLT: that I may be delivered from those not believing in Judea, and that my ministration, that is for Jerusalem, may become acceptable to the saints;
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:31Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:31
Verse 31 That I may be delivered from them that do not believe - He knew that his countrymen, who had not received the Gospel, lay in wait for his life; and, no doubt, they thought they should do God service by destroying him, not only as an apostate, in their apprehension, from the Jewish religion, but as one who was labouring to subvert and entirely destroy it. And that my service - Διακονια. But several eminent MSS. read δωροφορια, the gift which I bear. This probably was a gloss, which in many MSS. subverted the word in the text; for διακονια, service, in its connection here, could refer to nothing else but the contribution which he was carrying to the poor saints at Jerusalem.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:31
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Gospel
- Jerusalem
Exposition: Romans 15:31 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That I may be delivered from them that do not believe in Judea; and that my service which I have for Jerusalem may be accepted of the saints;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:32
Greek
ἵνα ἐν χαρᾷ ⸀ἐλθὼν πρὸς ὑμᾶς διὰ θελήματος ⸀θεοῦ συναναπαύσωμαι ὑμῖν.ina en chara elthon pros ymas dia thelematos theoy synanapaysomai ymin.
KJV: That I may come unto you with joy by the will of God, and may with you be refreshed.
AKJV: That I may come to you with joy by the will of God, and may with you be refreshed.
ASV: that I may come unto you in joy through the will of God, and together with you find rest.
YLT: that in joy I may come unto you, through the will of God, and may be refreshed with you,
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:32Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:32
Verse 32 That I may come unto you with joy - That his apprehensions of ill usage were not groundless, and the danger to which his life was exposed, real, we have already seen in the account given of this visit, Acts 21, 22, 23, and 24; and that he had such intimations from the Holy Spirit himself appears from Act 20:23; Act 21:11; Act 20:38. Should his journey to Jerusalem be prosperous, and his service accepted, so that the converted Jews and Gentiles should come to a better understanding, he hoped to see them at Rome with great joy: and if he got his wishes gratified through their prayers, it would be the full proof that this whole business had been conducted according to the will of God.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:32
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- Act 20:23
- Act 21:11
- Act 20:38
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
Exposition: Romans 15:32 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'That I may come unto you with joy by the will of God, and may with you be refreshed.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Romans 15:33
Greek
ὁ δὲ θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν· ἀμήν.o de theos tes eirenes meta panton ymon· amen.
KJV: Now the God of peace be with you all. Amen.
AKJV: Now the God of peace be with you all. Amen.
ASV: Now the God of peace be with you all. Amen.
YLT: and the God of the peace be with you all. Amen.
Commentary WitnessRomans 15:33Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
Romans 15:33
Verse 33 The God of peace be with you - The whole object of the epistle is to establish peace between the believing Jews and Gentiles, and to show them their mutual obligations, and the infinite mercy of God to both; and now he concludes with praying that the God of peace - he from whom it comes, and by whom it is preserved - may be for ever with them. The word Amen, at the end, does not appear to have been written by the apostle: it is wanting in some of the most ancient MSS. 1. In the preceding chapters the apostle enjoins a very hard, but a very important and necessary, duty - that of bearing with each other, and endeavoring to think and let think, in those religious matters which are confessedly not essential to the salvation of the soul. Most of the disputes among Christians have been concerning non-essential points. Rites and ceremonies, even in the simple religion of Christ, have contributed their part in promoting those animosities by which Christians have been divided. Forms in worship and sacerdotal garments have not been without their influence in this general disturbance. Each side has been ready to take out of the 14th and 15th chapters of this epistle such expressions as seemed suitable to their own case; but few have been found who have taken up the whole. You believe that a person who holds such and such opinions is wrong: pity him and set him right, lovingly, if possible. He believes you to be wrong because you do not hold those points; he must bear with you. Both of you stand precisely on the same ground, and are mutually indebted to mutual forbearance. 2. Beware of contentions in religion, if you dispute concerning any of its doctrines, let it be to find out truth; not to support a preconceived and pre-established opinion. Avoid all polemical heat and rancour; these prove the absence of the religion of Christ. Whatever does not lead you to love God and man more, is most assuredly from beneath. The God of peace is the author of Christianity; and the Prince of peace, the priest and sacrifice of it: therefore love one another, and leave off contention before it be meddled with. On this subject the advice of the pious Mr. Herbert is good: - Be calm in arguing; for fierceness makes Error a fault, and truth discourtesy. Why should I feel another man's mistakes More than his sickness or his poverty? In love I should; but anger is not love; Nor wisdom neither: - therefore g-e-n-t-l-y m-o-v-e.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:33
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Ray
- Gentiles
- Amen
- Christ
- Christianity
- Mr
Exposition: Romans 15:33 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Now the God of peace be with you all. Amen.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Koine Greek Grammar: A close Koine Greek reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
29
Generated editorial witnesses
4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- Rom 15:1-3
- Rom 15:4
- Rom 15:5
- Rom 15:6
- Rom 15:7
- Rom 15:8-12
- Rom 15:13
- Rom 15:14
- Rom 15:15-24
- Rom 15:25-29
- Rom 15:30-33
- Romans 15:1
- Romans 15:2
- Joh 19:28
- Joh 19:29
- Joh 2:15-17
- Romans 15:3
- Romans 15:4
- Romans 15:5
- Romans 15:6
- Romans 15:7
- Romans 15:8
- Isa 11:10
- Romans 15:9
- Romans 15:10
- Romans 15:11
- Romans 15:12
- Romans 15:13
- Romans 15:14
- Romans 15:15
- Isa 66:20
- Romans 15:16
- Romans 15:17
- Romans 15:18
- Mat 5:17
- Romans 15:19
- Romans 15:20
- Isa 52:15
- Romans 15:21
- Romans 15:22
- Romans 15:23
- Romans 15:24
- 1Cor 16:1-4
- 2Cor 9:1-15
- 2Cor 9:12
- 2Cor 9:13
- Romans 15:25
- Romans 15:26
- Romans 15:27
- Rom 15:24
- Romans 15:28
- Romans 15:29
- Romans 15:30
- Romans 15:31
- Act 20:23
- Act 21:11
- Act 20:38
- Romans 15:32
- Romans 15:33
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- Ray
- Jesus
- Christ
- Gentiles
- Rome
- Jerusalem
- We
- Gentile Christians
- Psalm
- And
- Father
- Lord Jesus Christ
- God Almighty
- Jews
- Gospel
- Jesus Christ
- Moses
- Abraham
- Megillah
- Schoettgen
- Dr
- Lord
- Rejoice
- Jesse
- Ovid
- Christ Jesus
- Holy Ghost
- Whitby
- The Gentiles
- Isaiah
- Nations
- Divine
- Lord Jesus
- Illyria
- Illyrica
- Illyricum
- Illyris
- Illyrium
- Europe
- Pannonia
- Pliny
- Drinius
- Gruter
- Croatia
- Bosnia
- Istria
- Slavonia
- Apostles
- Mediterranean Sea
- Syria
- Phoenicia
- Arabia
- Cilicia
- Pamphylia
- Pisidia
- Lycaonia
- Galatia
- Pontus
- Paphlagonia
- Phrygia
- Troas
- Asia
- Caria
- Lycia
- Ionia
- Lydia
- Thrace
- Macedonia
- Thessaly
- Achaia
- Crete
- New Testament
- Churches
- Corinth
- Vulgate
- St
- Erpen
- Coptic
- Ethiopic
- Armenian
- Itala
- Spain
- Aelian
- Hist
- Anim
- And Maximus Tyrius
- Dissert
- Odyss
- Jewish Christians
- Church
- See Dr
- Taylor
- When
- Service
- Amen
- Christianity
- Mr
Book directory Open the 66-book reader directory Use this when you need a specific book. The passage reader above stays first.
Choose a book and open the reader.
Each card opens chapter 1 for that canonical book. The directory is here for navigation, not as the first thing a visitor has to read.
Examples: Genesis, Psalms, Gospels, prophets, Romans, Revelation.
Genesis
Rendered chapters 1–50 are mapped to the public reader path for Genesis. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Exodus
Rendered chapters 1–40 are mapped to the public reader path for Exodus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Leviticus
Rendered chapters 1–27 are mapped to the public reader path for Leviticus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Numbers
Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for Numbers. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Deuteronomy
Rendered chapters 1–34 are mapped to the public reader path for Deuteronomy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joshua
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Joshua. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Judges
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for Judges. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ruth
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Ruth. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Samuel
Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Samuel
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Samuel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Kings
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Kings
Rendered chapters 1–25 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Kings. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–29 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Chronicles
Rendered chapters 1–36 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Chronicles. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezra
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezra. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nehemiah
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Nehemiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Esther
Rendered chapters 1–10 are mapped to the public reader path for Esther. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Job
Rendered chapters 1–42 are mapped to the public reader path for Job. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Psalms
Rendered chapters 1–150 are mapped to the public reader path for Psalms. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Proverbs
Rendered chapters 1–31 are mapped to the public reader path for Proverbs. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ecclesiastes
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Ecclesiastes. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Song of Solomon
Rendered chapters 1–8 are mapped to the public reader path for Song of Solomon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Isaiah
Rendered chapters 1–66 are mapped to the public reader path for Isaiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jeremiah
Rendered chapters 1–52 are mapped to the public reader path for Jeremiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Lamentations
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for Lamentations. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ezekiel
Rendered chapters 1–48 are mapped to the public reader path for Ezekiel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Daniel
Rendered chapters 1–12 are mapped to the public reader path for Daniel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hosea
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Hosea. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Joel
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Joel. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Amos
Rendered chapters 1–9 are mapped to the public reader path for Amos. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Obadiah
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Obadiah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jonah
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Jonah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Micah
Rendered chapters 1–7 are mapped to the public reader path for Micah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Nahum
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Nahum. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Habakkuk
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Habakkuk. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zephaniah
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Zephaniah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Haggai
Rendered chapters 1–2 are mapped to the public reader path for Haggai. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Zechariah
Rendered chapters 1–14 are mapped to the public reader path for Zechariah. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Malachi
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Malachi. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Matthew
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Matthew. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Mark
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Mark. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Luke
Rendered chapters 1–24 are mapped to the public reader path for Luke. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
John
Rendered chapters 1–21 are mapped to the public reader path for John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Acts
Rendered chapters 1–28 are mapped to the public reader path for Acts. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Romans
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for Romans. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–16 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Corinthians
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Corinthians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Galatians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Galatians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Ephesians
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for Ephesians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philippians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Philippians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Colossians
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for Colossians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Thessalonians
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Thessalonians. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–6 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Timothy
Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
No book matched that filter yet
Try a book name like Genesis, Psalms, Romans, or Revelation, or switch back to a broader testament filter.
What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
Return to Apologetics Bible Use Bible Insights Use Bible Data

Commentary Witness
Romans 15:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
Romans 15:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness