Apologetics Bible
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The Song of Songs (Shir HaShirim) is the supreme love poem of the OT — at once a celebration of marital eros and the richest OT metaphor for the covenant relationship between God and His people. Jewish tradition holds it the "holiest of the holy books."
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Chapter frame
The Song of Songs (Shir HaShirim) is the supreme love poem of the OT — at once a celebration of marital eros and the richest OT metaphor for the covenant relationship between God and His people. Jewish tradition holds it the "holiest of the holy books."
The Song's canonical function is to restore the vision of human sexuality as designed by the Creator — not fallen, shameful, or commercial, but covenantal, celebratory, and ordered toward exclusive commitment. Its allegorical dimension (developed richly in both Jewish and Christian tradition) maps the intimacy of the covenant as the deepest frame for understanding love.
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SongofSolomon 2:1
Hebrew
אֲנִי חֲבַצֶּלֶת הַשָּׁרוֹן שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִֽים׃'aniy-chavatzelet-hasharvon-shvoshanat-ha'amaqiym
KJV: I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys.
AKJV: I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys.
ASV: I am a rose of Sharon,
YLT: As a lily among the thorns,
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:1 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:2
Hebrew
כְּשֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים כֵּן רַעְיָתִי בֵּין הַבָּנֽוֹת׃kheshvoshanah-veyn-hachvochiym-khen-ra'eyatiy-veyn-havanvot
KJV: As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters.
AKJV: As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters.
ASV: As a lily among thorns,
YLT: So is my friend among the daughters!
Commentary Witness (Generated)SongofSolomon 2:2Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
SongofSolomon 2:2
SongofSolomon 2:2 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:2
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:2 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:3
Hebrew
כְּתַפּוּחַ בַּעֲצֵי הַיַּעַר כֵּן דּוֹדִי בֵּין הַבָּנִים בְּצִלּוֹ חִמַּדְתִּי וְיָשַׁבְתִּי וּפִרְיוֹ מָתוֹק לְחִכִּֽי׃khetafvcha-va'atzey-haya'ar-khen-dvodiy-veyn-havaniym-vetzilvo-chimadetiy-veyashavetiy-vfireyvo-matvoq-lechikhiy
KJV: As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste.
AKJV: As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste.
ASV: As the apple-tree among the trees of the wood,
YLT: As a citron among trees of the forest, So is my beloved among the sons, In his shade I delighted, and sat down, And his fruit is sweet to my palate.
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:3Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:3
Verse 3 As the apple tree - The bride returns the compliment, and says, As the apple or citron tree is among the trees of the wood, so is the bridegroom among all other men. I sat down under his shadow - I am become his spouse, and my union with him makes me indescribably happy.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:3
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:3 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:4
Hebrew
הֱבִיאַנִי אֶל־בֵּית הַיָּיִן וְדִגְלוֹ עָלַי אַהֲבָֽה׃heviy'aniy-'el-veyt-hayayin-vedigelvo-'alay-'ahavah
KJV: He brought me to the banqueting house, and his banner over me was love.
AKJV: He brought me to the banqueting house, and his banner over me was love.
ASV: He brought me to the banqueting-house,
YLT: He hath brought me in unto a house of wine, And his banner over me is love,
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:4Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:4
Verse 4 He brought me to the banqueting house - Literally, the house of wine. The ancients preserved their wine, not in barrels or dark cellars under ground, as we do, but in large pitchers, ranged against the wall in some upper apartment in the house, the place where they kept their most precious effects. We have a proof of this in Homer: - Ως φαν· ὁ δ' ὑψοραφον θαλομον κατεβησατο πατρος Ευρυν, ὁθι νητος χρυσος και χαλκος εκειτο, Εσθης τ' εν χηλοισιν, ἁλις τ' ευωδες ελαιον. Εν δε πιθοι οινοιο παλαιου ἡδυποτοιο Εστασαν, ακρητον θειον ποτον εντος εχοντες, Ἑξειης ποτε τοιχον αρηροτες· ειποτ' Οδυσσευς Οικαδε νοστησειε, και αλγεα πολλα μογησας. Κληΐσται δ' επεσαν σανιδες πυκινως αραρυιαι, Δικλιδες· εν δε γυνη ταμιη νυκτας τε και ημαρ Εσχ', κ. τ. λ.. Od. lib. ii., ver. 337. Meantime the lofty rooms the prince surveys, Where lay the treasures of th' Ithacian race. Here, ruddy brass and gold refulgent blazed; There, polished chests embroider'd gestures graced. Here, pots of oil breathed forth a rich perfume; There, jars of wine in rows adorn'd the dome. (Pure flavorous wine, by gods in bounty given, And worthy to exalt the feasts of heaven). Untouch'd they stood, till, his long labors o'er, The great Ulysses reach'd his native shore. A double strength of bars secured the gates; Fast by the door wise Euryclea waits, etc. Pope.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Literally
- Homer
- Od
- Here
- There
- Pope
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:4 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'He brought me to the banqueting house, and his banner over me was love.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:5
Hebrew
סַמְּכוּנִי בָּֽאֲשִׁישׁוֹת רַפְּדוּנִי בַּתַּפּוּחִים כִּי־חוֹלַת אַהֲבָה אָֽנִי׃samekhvniy-va'ashiyshvot-rafedvniy-vatafvchiym-khiy-chvolat-'ahavah-'aniy
KJV: Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of love.
AKJV: Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of love.
ASV: Stay ye me with raisins, refresh me with apples;
YLT: Sustain me with grape-cakes, Support me with citrons, for I am sick with love.
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:5Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:5
Verse 5 Stay me with flagons - I believe the original words mean some kind of cordials with which we are unacquainted. The versions in general understand some kind of ointment or perfumes by the first term. I suppose the good man was perfectly sincere who took this for his text, and, after having repeated, Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples, for I am sick of love sat down, perfectly overwhelmed with his own feelings, and was not able to proceed! But while we admit such a person's sincerity, who can help questioning his judgment?
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:5
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:5 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of love.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:6
Hebrew
שְׂמֹאלוֹ תַּחַת לְרֹאשִׁי וִימִינוֹ תְּחַבְּקֵֽנִי׃shemo'lvo-tachat-lero'shiy-viymiynvo-techaveqeniy
KJV: His left hand is under my head, and his right hand doth embrace me.
AKJV: His left hand is under my head, and his right hand does embrace me.
ASV: His left handisunder my head,
YLT: His left hand is under my head, And his right doth embrace me.
Commentary Witness (Generated)SongofSolomon 2:6Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
SongofSolomon 2:6
SongofSolomon 2:6 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'His left hand is under my head, and his right hand doth embrace me.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:6
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:6 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'His left hand is under my head, and his right hand doth embrace me.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:7
Hebrew
הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם בִּצְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּאַיְלוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה אִם־תָּעִירוּ ׀ וְֽאִם־תְּעֽוֹרְרוּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּֽץ׃hisheva'etiy-'etekhem-venvot-yervshaliam-vitzeva'vot-'vo-ve'ayelvot-hashadeh-'im-ta'iyrv- -ve'im-te'vorerv-'et-ha'ahavah-'ad-shetechefatz
KJV: I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please.
AKJV: I charge you, O you daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that you stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please. ¶
ASV: I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem,
YLT: I have adjured you, daughters of Jerusalem, By the roes or by the hinds of the field, Stir not up nor wake the love till she please!
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:7Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:7
Verse 7 I charge you - by the roes - This was probably some rustic mode of adjuration. The verses themselves require little comment. With this verse the first night of the first day is supposed to end.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:7
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:7 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:8
Hebrew
קוֹל דּוֹדִי הִנֵּה־זֶה בָּא מְדַלֵּג עַל־הֶהָרִים מְקַפֵּץ עַל־הַגְּבָעֽוֹת׃qvol-dvodiy-hineh-zeh-va'-medaleg-'al-hehariym-meqafetz-'al-hageva'vot
KJV: The voice of my beloved! behold, he cometh leaping upon the mountains, skipping upon the hills.
AKJV: The voice of my beloved! behold, he comes leaping on the mountains, skipping on the hills.
ASV: The voice of my beloved! behold, he cometh,
YLT: The voice of my beloved! lo, this--he is coming, Leaping on the mountains, skipping on the hills.
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:8Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:8
Verse 8 Behold, he cometh leaping - This appears to be highly characteristic of the gambols of the shepherds, and points out the ecstasy with which those who were enamoured ran to their mates. It is supposed that the second day's eclogue begins at this verse. The author of what was then called A New Translation of Solomon's Song, observes, 1. The bride relates how the bridegroom, attended by his companions, had come under her window, and called upon her to come forth and enjoy the beauties of the spring, Sol 2:9-11, etc. 2. She then returns to her narration, Sol 3:1. The bridegroom did not come according to her wishes. Night came on; she did not find him in her bed; she went out to seek him; found him, and brought him to her mother's pavilion, Sol 3:4; and then, as before, conjures the virgins not to disturb his repose, Sol 3:5.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:8
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Behold
- Song
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:8 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The voice of my beloved! behold, he cometh leaping upon the mountains, skipping upon the hills.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:9
Hebrew
דּוֹמֶה דוֹדִי לִצְבִי אוֹ לְעֹפֶר הָֽאַיָּלִים הִנֵּה־זֶה עוֹמֵד אַחַר כָּתְלֵנוּ מַשְׁגִּיחַ מִן־הַֽחֲלֹּנוֹת מֵצִיץ מִן־הֽ͏ַחֲרַכִּֽים׃dvomeh-dvodiy-litzeviy-'vo-le'ofer-ha'ayaliym-hineh-zeh-'vomed-'achar-khatelenv-mashegiycha-min-hachalonvot-metziytz-min-hacharakhiym
KJV: My beloved is like a roe or a young hart: behold, he standeth behind our wall, he looketh forth at the windows, shewing himself through the lattice.
AKJV: My beloved is like a roe or a young hart: behold, he stands behind our wall, he looks forth at the windows, showing himself through the lattice.
ASV: My beloved is like a roe or a young hart:
YLT: My beloved is like to a roe, Or to a young one of the harts. Lo, this--he is standing behind our wall, Looking from the windows, Blooming from the lattice.
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:9Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:9
Verse 9 He standeth behind our wall - This may refer to the wall by which the house was surrounded, the space between which and the house constituted the court. He was seen first behind the wall, and then in the court; and lastly came to the window of his bride's chamber.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:9
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:9 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'My beloved is like a roe or a young hart: behold, he standeth behind our wall, he looketh forth at the windows, shewing himself through the lattice.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:10
Hebrew
עָנָה דוֹדִי וְאָמַר לִי קוּמִי לָךְ רַעְיָתִי יָפָתִי וּלְכִי־לָֽךְ׃'anah-dvodiy-ve'amar-liy-qvmiy-lakhe-ra'eyatiy-yafatiy-vlekhiy-lakhe
KJV: My beloved spake, and said unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come away.
AKJV: My beloved spoke, and said to me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come away.
ASV: My beloved spake, and said unto me,
YLT: My beloved hath answered and said to me, `Rise up, my friend, my fair one, and come away,
Commentary Witness (Generated)SongofSolomon 2:10Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
SongofSolomon 2:10
SongofSolomon 2:10 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'My beloved spake, and said unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come away.'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:10
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:10 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'My beloved spake, and said unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come away.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:11
Hebrew
כִּֽי־הִנֵּה הסתו הַסְּתָיו עָבָר הַגֶּשֶׁם חָלַף הָלַךְ לֽוֹ׃khiy-hineh-hstv-hasetayv-'avar-hageshem-chalaf-halakhe-lvo
KJV: For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone;
AKJV: For, see, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone;
ASV: For, lo, the winter is past;
YLT: For lo, the winter hath passed by, The rain hath passed away--it hath gone.
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:11Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:11
Verse 11 The winter is past - Mr. Harmer has made some good collections on this part, from Drs. Shaw and Russet, which I shall transcrilbe. One part of the winter is distinguished from the rest of it by the people of the East, on account of the severity of the cold. At Aleppo it lasts about forty days, and is called by the natives maurbanie. I would propose it to the consideration of the learned, whether the word here used, and translated winter, may not be understood to mean what the Aleppines express by the term maurbanie. It occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament; and another word is used for the rainy part of the year in general. If this thought be admitted, it will greatly illustrate the words of the bridegroom: Lo, the winter is past; the rain is over, and gone. For then the last clause will not be explanatory of the first, and signify that the moist part of the year was entirely past; with which, Dr. Russel assures us, all pleasantness withdraws at Aleppo; but the words will import: "The maurbanie is past and over; the weather is become agreeably warm; the rain too is just ceased, and consequently hath left us the prospect of several days of serenity and undisturbed pleasantness." The weather of Judea was in this respect, I presume, like that at Algiers; where, after two or three days of rain, there is usually, according to Dr. Shaw, "a week, a fortnight, or more, of fair and good weather. Of such a sort of cessation of rain alone, the bridegroom, methinks, is here to be understood; not of the absolute termination of the rainy season, and the summer droughts being come on. And if so, what can the time that is past mean but the maurbanie? Indeed, Dr. Russel, in giving us an account of the excursions of the English merchants at Aleppo, has undesignedly furnished us with a good comment on this and the two following verses. These gentlemen, it seems, dine abroad under a tent, in spring and autumn on Saturdays, and often on Wednesdays. They do the same during the good weather in winter; but they live at the gardens in April, and part of May. In the heat of the summer they dine at the gardens, as once or twice a week they dine under a tent in autumn and spring." The cold weather is not supposed by Solomon to have been long over, since it is distinctly mentioned; and the Aleppines make these incursions very early; the narcissus flowers during the whole of the maurbanie; the hyacinths and violets at least before it is quite over. The appearing of flowers, then, doth not mean the appearing of the first and earliest flowers, but must rather be understood of the earth's being covered with them; which at Aleppo is not till after the middle of February, a small crane's bill appearing on the banks of the river there about the middle of February, quickly after which comes a profusion of flowers. The nightingales, too, which are there in abundance, not only afford much pleasure by their songs in the gardens, but are also kept tame in the houses, and let out at a small rate to divert such as choose it in the city; so that no entertainments are made in the spring without a concert of these birds. No wonder, then, that Solomon makes the bridegroom speak of the singing of birds; and it teaches us what these birds are, which are expressly distinguished from turtle doves.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:11
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Mr
- Drs
- Russet
- East
- Old Testament
- Lo
- Dr
- Aleppo
- Algiers
- Shaw
- Indeed
- Russel
- Saturdays
- Wednesdays
- April
- May
- February
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:11 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:12
Hebrew
הַנִּצָּנִים נִרְאוּ בָאָרֶץ עֵת הַזָּמִיר הִגִּיעַ וְקוֹל הַתּוֹר נִשְׁמַע בְּאַרְצֵֽנוּ׃hanitzaniym-nire'v-va'aretz-'et-hazamiyr-higiy'a-veqvol-hatvor-nishema'-ve'aretzenv
KJV: The flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land;
AKJV: The flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land;
ASV: The flowers appear on the earth;
YLT: The flowers have appeared in the earth, The time of the singing hath come, And the voice of the turtle was heard in our land,
Commentary Witness (Generated)SongofSolomon 2:12Generated editorial synthesis
Commentary Witness (Generated)
SongofSolomon 2:12
SongofSolomon 2:12 advances the immediate literary flow of the chapter and should be interpreted in its canonical context, not as an isolated proof text. In the present translation it reads: 'The flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land;'. A close Hebrew reading supports attention to key lexical choices, clause movement, and redemptive-historical placement so doctrinal conclusions remain textually grounded.
Provenance. Rendered as an editorial synthesis tied to the canonical verse context and current chapter source.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:12
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:12 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land;'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:13
Hebrew
הַתְּאֵנָה חָֽנְטָה פַגֶּיהָ וְהַגְּפָנִים ׀ סְמָדַר נָתְנוּ רֵיחַ קוּמִי לכי לָךְ רַעְיָתִי יָפָתִי וּלְכִי־לָֽךְ׃hate'enah-chanetah-fageyha-vehagefaniym- -semadar-natenv-reycha-qvmiy-lkhy-lakhe-ra'eyatiy-yafatiy-vlekhiy-lakhe
KJV: The fig tree putteth forth her green figs, and the vines with the tender grape give a good smell. Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away.
AKJV: The fig tree puts forth her green figs, and the vines with the tender grape give a good smell. Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away. ¶
ASV: The fig-tree ripeneth her green figs,
YLT: The fig-tree hath ripened her green figs, And the sweet-smelling vines have given forth fragrance, Rise, come, my friend, my fair one, yea, come away.
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:13Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:13
Verse 13 The fig tree putteth forth her green figs - The fig tree in Judea bears double crops; the first of which is ripe in spring. But the tree, as I have elsewhere observed, bears figs all the year through, in the climes congenial to it. That is, the fig tree has always ripe or unripe fruit on it. I never saw a healthy tree naked. But in the beginning of spring they grow fast, and become turgid. The vines with the tender grape - The versions understand this of the flowers of the vine. These were formerly put into the new wine (2 lbs. to every cask) to give it a fine flavour.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:13
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:13 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'The fig tree putteth forth her green figs, and the vines with the tender grape give a good smell. Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:14
Hebrew
יוֹנָתִי בְּחַגְוֵי הַסֶּלַע בְּסֵתֶר הַמַּדְרֵגָה הַרְאִינִי אֶתּ־מַרְאַיִךְ הַשְׁמִיעִינִי אֶת־קוֹלֵךְ כִּי־קוֹלֵךְ עָרֵב וּמַרְאֵיךְ נָאוֶֽה׃yvonatiy-vechagevey-hasela'-veseter-hamaderegah-hare'iyniy-'et-mare'ayikhe-hashemiy'iyniy-'et-qvolekhe-khiy-qvolekhe-'arev-vmare'eykhe-na'veh
KJV: O my dove, that art in the clefts of the rock, in the secret places of the stairs, let me see thy countenance, let me hear thy voice; for sweet is thy voice, and thy countenance is comely.
AKJV: O my dove, that are in the clefts of the rock, in the secret places of the stairs, let me see your countenance, let me hear your voice; for sweet is your voice, and your countenance is comely.
ASV: O my dove, that art in the clefts of the rock,
YLT: My dove, in clefts of the rock, In a secret place of the ascent, Cause me to see thine appearance, Cause me to hear thy voice, For thy voice is sweet, and thy appearance comely.
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:14Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:14
Verse 14 My dove - in the clefts of the rock - He compares his bride hiding herself in her secret chambers and closets to a dove in the clefts of the rock.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:14
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:14 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'O my dove, that art in the clefts of the rock, in the secret places of the stairs, let me see thy countenance, let me hear thy voice; for sweet is thy voice, and thy countenance is comely.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:15
Hebrew
אֶֽחֱזוּ־לָנוּ שֽׁוּעָלִים שֽׁוּעָלִים קְטַנִּים מְחַבְּלִים כְּרָמִים וּכְרָמֵינוּ סְמָדַֽר׃'echezv-lanv-shv'aliym-shv'aliym-qetaniym-mechaveliym-kheramiym-vkherameynv-semadar
KJV: Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes.
AKJV: Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes. ¶
ASV: Take us the foxes, the little foxes,
YLT: Seize ye for us foxes, Little foxes--destroyers of vineyards, Even our sweet-smelling vineyards.
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:15Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:15
Verse 15 Take us the foxes - That these were ruinous to vines all authors allow. They love the vine, and they are eaten in autumn in some countries, according to Galen, when they are very fat with eating the grapes. They abounded in Judea; and did most damage when the clusters were young and tender. It is likely that these are the words of the bridegroom to his companions, just as he was entering the apartment of his spouse. "Take care of the vineyard: set the traps for the foxes, which are spoiling the vines; and destroy their young as far as possible."
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:15
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Galen
- Judea
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:15 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:16
Hebrew
דּוֹדִי לִי וַאֲנִי לוֹ הָרֹעֶה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים׃dvodiy-liy-va'aniy-lvo-haro'eh-vashvoshaniym
KJV: My beloved is mine, and I am his: he feedeth among the lilies.
AKJV: My beloved is mine, and I am his: he feeds among the lilies.
ASV: My beloved is mine, and I am his:
YLT: My beloved is mine, and I am his, Who is delighting among the lilies,
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:16Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:16
Verse 16 My beloved is mine - The words of the bride on his entering: "I am thy own; thou art wholly mine." He feedeth among the lilies - The odor with which he is surrounded is as fine as if he passed the night among the sweetest scented flowers.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:16
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:16 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'My beloved is mine, and I am his: he feedeth among the lilies.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
SongofSolomon 2:17
Hebrew
עַד שֶׁיָּפוּחַ הַיּוֹם וְנָסוּ הַצְּלָלִים סֹב דְּמֵה־לְךָ דוֹדִי לִצְבִי אוֹ לְעֹפֶר הָאַיָּלִים עַל־הָרֵי בָֽתֶר׃'ad-sheyafvcha-hayvom-venasv-hatzelaliym-sov-demeh-lekha-dvodiy-litzeviy-'vo-le'ofer-ha'ayaliym-'al-harey-vater
KJV: Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, turn, my beloved, and be thou like a roe or a young hart upon the mountains of Bether.
AKJV: Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, turn, my beloved, and be you like a roe or a young hart on the mountains of Bether.
ASV: Until the day be cool, and the shadows flee away,
YLT: Till the day doth break forth, And the shadows have fled away, Turn, be like, my beloved, To a roe, or to a young one of the harts, On the mountains of separation!
Commentary WitnessSongofSolomon 2:17Quoted commentary witness
Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:17
Verse 17 Until the day break - Literally, until the day breathe; until the first dawn, which is usually accompanied with the most refreshing breezes. The shadows flee away - Referring to the evening or setting of the sun, at which all shadows vanish. The mountains of Bether - Translated also mountains of division, supposed to mean the mountains of Beth-horon. There was a place called Bithron, 2Sam 2:29, on the other side of Jordan; and as the name signifies Partition, it might have had its name from the circumstance of its being divided or separated from Judea by the river Jordan. With this chapter the second night is supposed to end.
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:17
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
- 2Sam 2:29
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness
- Literally
- Bithron
- Jordan
- Partition
Exposition: SongofSolomon 2:17 emphasizes a key movement in the chapter's argument. In KJV form, the text reads: 'Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, turn, my beloved, and be thou like a roe or a young hart upon the mountains of Bether.'. Read in canonical context, the verse supports the coherence of biblical revelation by linking doctrine, narrative, and covenantal meaning.
Apologetics Notes
- Scientific Correlation: This verse is suitable for cumulative-case reasoning in apologetics: historical context, textual stability, and worldview coherence are evaluated together rather than in isolation.
- Hebrew Grammar: A close Hebrew reading should attend lexical range, clause flow, and discourse function in context; these controls reduce over-reading and preserve authorial intent.
- Historical Evidence: Historically, this verse is interpreted within the received canonical tradition, where manuscript continuity and early community usage support stable transmission and meaning.
Citation trailOpen the commentary counts, references, and named sources.
Scholarly apparatus
Commentary citation index
This chapter now surfaces commentary as quoted witness material with an explicit citation trail. The index below gathers the canonical references and named authorities detected inside the commentary layer for faster academic review.
Direct commentary witnesses
13
Generated editorial witnesses
4
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Canonical references surfaced in commentary
- 1Chr 27:29
- Isa 35:2
- Isa 65:10
- SongofSolomon 2:1
- SongofSolomon 2:2
- SongofSolomon 2:3
- SongofSolomon 2:4
- SongofSolomon 2:5
- SongofSolomon 2:6
- SongofSolomon 2:7
- SongofSolomon 2:8
- SongofSolomon 2:9
- SongofSolomon 2:10
- SongofSolomon 2:11
- SongofSolomon 2:12
- SongofSolomon 2:13
- SongofSolomon 2:14
- SongofSolomon 2:15
- SongofSolomon 2:16
- 2Sam 2:29
- SongofSolomon 2:17
Named authorities or texts surfaced in commentary
- This
- Literally
- Homer
- Od
- Here
- There
- Pope
- Behold
- Song
- Mr
- Drs
- Russet
- East
- Old Testament
- Lo
- Dr
- Aleppo
- Algiers
- Shaw
- Indeed
- Russel
- Saturdays
- Wednesdays
- April
- May
- February
- Galen
- Judea
- Bithron
- Jordan
- Partition
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Rendered chapters 1–4 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Timothy. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Titus
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for Titus. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Philemon
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Philemon. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Hebrews
Rendered chapters 1–13 are mapped to the public reader path for Hebrews. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
James
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for James. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 Peter
Rendered chapters 1–3 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 Peter. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
1 John
Rendered chapters 1–5 are mapped to the public reader path for 1 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
2 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 2 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
3 John
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for 3 John. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Jude
Rendered chapter 1 are mapped to the public reader path for Jude. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
Revelation
Rendered chapters 1–22 are mapped to the public reader path for Revelation. Use this card to open chapter 1 and move directly into the study surface.
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What this explorer shows today
The public reader has book-by-book chapter entry points across the 66-book canon. Deeper corpus and provenance details stay on the supporting Bible Data shelves.
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Commentary Witness
SongofSolomon 2:1
Provenance. Rendered as a quoted commentary witness with explicit reference extraction from the source prose.
Canonical locus
SongofSolomon 2:1
Source lane
Apologetics Bible source bundle
Biblical cross-references named in the witness
Named authorities or texts detected in the witness